CN114959199A - Heat treatment method for bucket parts - Google Patents

Heat treatment method for bucket parts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114959199A
CN114959199A CN202210630267.3A CN202210630267A CN114959199A CN 114959199 A CN114959199 A CN 114959199A CN 202210630267 A CN202210630267 A CN 202210630267A CN 114959199 A CN114959199 A CN 114959199A
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China
Prior art keywords
treatment
bucket
heat treatment
cooling
temperature
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CN202210630267.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王敏
赵伟文
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Shanghai Technical Institute of Electronics and Information
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Shanghai Technical Institute of Electronics and Information
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Priority to CN202210630267.3A priority Critical patent/CN114959199A/en
Publication of CN114959199A publication Critical patent/CN114959199A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/28—Normalising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/22—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for drills; for milling cutters; for machine cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical heat treatment. The invention provides a heat treatment method for bucket parts. In the invention, bucket parts are sequentially subjected to normalizing treatment, annealing treatment, quenching treatment and tempering treatment; in the normalizing treatment, heating the parts to be above the critical temperature, preserving heat and then carrying out air cooling to obtain a pearlite structure; annealing the parts subjected to normalizing treatment under a certain condition, naturally cooling to room temperature, eliminating residual stress in the bucket, refining grains to obtain a balanced structure, and improving the mechanical property of the workpiece; after the annealing treatment is finished, quenching treatment is carried out to ensure that the bucket is completely austenitized, and then the water cooling process parameters are controlled to convert austenite into martensite as much as possible so as to improve the wear resistance of the bucket; and the final tempering treatment is carried out after quenching is finished, so that the internal stress and brittleness are reduced, the cracking condition is prevented, the metallographic structure is stable through tempering, and the conditions of workpiece deformation and the like in the use process are avoided.

Description

Heat treatment method for bucket parts
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment method for bucket parts.
Background
The bucket is an important component of the excavator, and the excavator can complete various earth and stone engineering due to the existence of the bucket. The direct rigid contact causes severe abrasion of the bucket teeth and the cutting board, and even the phenomenon of direct fracture occurs. In this case, the bucket teeth and the cutter plates need to be repaired or replaced, and a large amount of capital is spent, which increases the engineering cost.
Based on this situation, various research teams have conducted deep research on the bucket. Some researchers have tried to obtain a highly wear-resistant alloy to reduce the wear of the bucket in the use process, starting from the material of the bucket. However, the alloy development period is long, the bucket tooth prepared from the new alloy is very high in selling price, and the cost is not reduced. In addition, some researchers start from the surface of the bucket tooth, and coat the surface of the bucket tooth with a wear-resistant coating, so that the abrasion of the bucket tooth is reduced, but the method is complicated in process and influences the engineering progress. Therefore, how to provide a method capable of greatly improving the wear resistance of bucket components becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a heat treatment method for bucket parts.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a heat treatment method of bucket parts, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sequentially carrying out normalizing treatment and annealing treatment on the bucket parts to obtain middle bucket parts;
(2) and sequentially carrying out quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the middle bucket part to finish heat treatment.
Preferably, the normalizing treatment in the step (1) is carried out at the temperature of 1000-1250 ℃ for 1-2 h.
Preferably, after the normalization treatment, air cooling is performed at a target temperature of 200 to 300 ℃.
Preferably, the annealing treatment is started after the air cooling to the target temperature;
the heating rate from the air cooling target temperature to the annealing treatment target temperature is 15-30 ℃/h.
Preferably, the target temperature of the annealing treatment in the step (1) is 750-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-1.5 h.
Preferably, the target temperature of the quenching in the step (2) is 880-960 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 40-60 min.
Preferably, the quenching in the step (2) is carried out by water cooling;
the water-cooling water pressure is 4-6 MPa, the water flow is 20-30L/min, and the water temperature is 5-10 ℃.
Preferably, the tempering treatment in the step (2) is carried out at the temperature of 300-450 ℃ for 3-5 h.
The invention provides a heat treatment method for bucket parts. In the invention, bucket parts are sequentially subjected to normalizing treatment, annealing treatment, quenching treatment and tempering treatment; in the normalizing treatment, heating the parts to be above the critical temperature, preserving heat and then carrying out air cooling to obtain a pearlite structure; annealing the parts subjected to normalizing treatment under certain conditions, naturally cooling to room temperature, eliminating residual stress in the bucket, refining grains to obtain a balanced structure, and improving the mechanical properties of the workpiece; after the annealing treatment is finished, quenching treatment is carried out to enable the bucket to be completely austenitized, and then the water cooling technological parameters are controlled to convert austenite into martensite as much as possible, so that the wear resistance of the bucket is improved; after quenching, a large amount of internal stress exists in the bucket, final tempering treatment is needed, internal stress and brittleness are reduced, cracking is prevented, metallographic structures are stable through tempering, and the situations of workpiece deformation and the like in the using process are avoided.
According to the invention, through a series of heat treatments, the wear resistance of bucket parts is effectively improved, the service life is not reduced, the process is mature, and the bucket is suitable for large-scale use.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a heat treatment method of bucket parts, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sequentially carrying out normalizing treatment and annealing treatment on the bucket parts to obtain middle bucket parts;
(2) and sequentially carrying out quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the middle bucket part to finish heat treatment.
In the invention, the normalizing temperature in the step (1) is preferably 1000-1250 ℃, more preferably 1050-1200 ℃, and more preferably 1100-1150 ℃; the time is preferably 1 to 2 hours, more preferably 1.2 to 1.8 hours, and even more preferably 1.4 to 1.6 hours.
In the present invention, air cooling is performed after the normalizing treatment, and the target temperature of the air cooling is preferably 200 to 300 ℃, more preferably 220 to 280 ℃, and still more preferably 240 to 260 ℃.
In the present invention, annealing is started after air-cooling to a target temperature.
In the present invention, the rate of temperature increase from the target air-cooling temperature to the target annealing temperature is preferably 15 to 30 ℃/h, more preferably 20 to 25 ℃/h, and still more preferably 22 to 23 ℃/h.
In the invention, the target temperature of the annealing treatment in the step (1) is preferably 750-850 ℃, more preferably 760-840 ℃, and more preferably 780-820 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 1 to 1.5 hours, more preferably 1.1 to 1.4 hours, and even more preferably 1.2 to 1.3 hours.
In the invention, the annealing treatment and the heat preservation are finished and then the temperature is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
In the invention, the target temperature of quenching in the step (2) is preferably 880-960 ℃, more preferably 900-940 ℃, and more preferably 910-920 ℃; the heat preservation time is preferably 40-60 min, more preferably 45-55 min, and still more preferably 48-52 min.
In the present invention, the quenching in the step (2) is preferably performed by water cooling.
In the invention, the water pressure of the water cooling is preferably 4-6 MPa, more preferably 4.5-5.5 MPa, and more preferably 4.8-5.2 MPa; the water flow rate is preferably 20-30L/min, more preferably 22-28L/min, and even more preferably 24-26L/min; the water temperature is preferably 5-10 ℃, more preferably 6-9 ℃, and even more preferably 7-8 ℃.
In the invention, the tempering temperature in the step (2) is preferably 300-450 ℃, more preferably 350-400 ℃, and even more preferably 360-380 ℃; the time is preferably 3 to 5 hours, more preferably 3.5 to 4.5 hours, and even more preferably 3.8 to 4.2 hours.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Normalizing the bucket teeth at 1150 ℃ for 1.5h, and then air-cooling to 260 ℃; raising the temperature from 260 ℃ to 800 ℃ at the speed of 25 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 1.3h to finish annealing treatment; and naturally cooling to room temperature after the annealing treatment is finished. Then, preserving the heat of the obtained middle bucket tooth at 920 ℃ for 50min, controlling the water cooling water pressure to be 5.5MPa after the heat preservation is finished, controlling the water flow to be 25L/min, controlling the water temperature to be 8 ℃, and cooling the water to the room temperature; and then tempering at 400 ℃ for 4h, and naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished to finish heat treatment.
Experiments prove that the wear rate of the bucket tooth before heat treatment is 0.009%, and the wear rate of the bucket tooth after heat treatment is 0.0058%.
Example 2
Normalizing the cutter plate at 1050 ℃ for 1.3h, and then air-cooling to 235 ℃; raising the temperature from 235 ℃ to 760 ℃ at the speed of 23 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 1.2h to finish annealing treatment; and naturally cooling to room temperature after the annealing treatment is finished. Then, the obtained intermediate cutting board is kept at 890 ℃ for 45min, after the heat preservation is finished, the water cooling water pressure is controlled to be 4.7MPa, the water flow is 28L/min, the water temperature is 5 ℃, and the intermediate cutting board is cooled to the room temperature by water; and then tempering at 430 ℃ for 3.5h, naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, and finishing heat treatment.
Experiments prove that the wear rate of the cutter plate before heat treatment is 0.0092%, and the wear rate of the cutter plate after heat treatment is 0.0061%.
Example 3
Normalizing the bucket parts at 1080 ℃ for 1.9h, and then air-cooling to 220 ℃; raising the temperature from 220 ℃ to 795 ℃ at the speed of 21 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 1.2h to finish annealing treatment; and naturally cooling to room temperature after the annealing treatment is finished. Then, the obtained intermediate part is subjected to heat preservation at 895 ℃ for 58min, after the heat preservation is finished, the water cooling water pressure is controlled to be 5.8MPa, the water flow is 28L/min, the water temperature is 9.5 ℃, and the intermediate part is cooled to the room temperature by water; and then tempering at 320 ℃ for 5h, naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, and finishing heat treatment.
Experimental verification proves that the wear rate of the bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, and the wear rate of the bucket parts after heat treatment is 0.0058%.
Example 4
Normalizing the bucket teeth at 1230 ℃ for 1.6h, and then air-cooling to 275 ℃; raising the temperature from 275 ℃ to 840 ℃ at the rate of 18 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 1.2h to finish annealing treatment; and naturally cooling to room temperature after the annealing treatment is finished. Then, the obtained middle bucket tooth is subjected to heat preservation at 955 ℃ for 55min, after the heat preservation is finished, the water cooling water pressure is controlled to be 4.7MPa, the water flow is 26L/min, the water temperature is 6 ℃, and the water is cooled to the room temperature; and then tempering at 380 ℃ for 3.5h, naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, and finishing heat treatment.
Experiments prove that the wear rate of the bucket tooth before heat treatment is 0.0091%, and the wear rate of the bucket tooth after heat treatment is 0.0062%.
Example 5
Normalizing the bucket parts at 1210 ℃ for 1.8h, and then air-cooling to 210 ℃; raising the temperature from 210 ℃ to 785 ℃ at the speed of 28 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 1.2h to finish annealing treatment; and naturally cooling to room temperature after the annealing treatment is finished. Then, the obtained intermediate part is subjected to heat preservation at 935 ℃ for 55min, after the heat preservation is finished, the water pressure of water cooling is controlled to be 4.8MPa, the water flow is 27L/min, the water temperature is 9 ℃, and the water cooling is carried out to the room temperature; and then tempering at 430 ℃ for 5h, naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, and finishing heat treatment.
Experiments prove that the wear rate of the bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, and the wear rate of the bucket parts after heat treatment is 0.0059%.
Example 6
Normalizing the cutter plate at 1045 ℃ for 1.3h, and then air-cooling to 275 ℃; heating from 275 ℃ to 835 ℃ at the speed of 17 ℃/h, and preserving heat for 1.4h to finish annealing treatment; and naturally cooling to room temperature after the annealing treatment is finished. Then, the obtained intermediate cutting board is subjected to heat preservation at 895 ℃ for 50min, after the heat preservation is finished, the water cooling water pressure is controlled to be 4.9MPa, the water flow is 23L/min, the water temperature is 5 ℃, and the intermediate cutting board is cooled to the room temperature by water; and then tempering at 430 ℃ for 5h, naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, and finishing heat treatment.
Experiments prove that the wear rate of the cutting plate before heat treatment is 0.0088%, and the wear rate of the cutting plate after heat treatment is 0.0059%.
Example 7
Normalizing the bucket parts at 1190 ℃ for 1.1h, and then air-cooling to 215 ℃; raising the temperature from 255 ℃ to 770 ℃ at the speed of 28 ℃/h, and preserving the temperature for 1.1h to finish annealing treatment; and naturally cooling to room temperature after the annealing treatment is finished. Then, the obtained intermediate part is subjected to heat preservation at 930 ℃ for 45min, after the heat preservation is finished, the water cooling water pressure is controlled to be 6MPa, the water flow is 30L/min, the water temperature is 10 ℃, and the intermediate part is cooled to the room temperature by water; and then tempering at 440 ℃ for 4.5h, naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation is finished, and finishing heat treatment.
Experiments prove that the wear rate of the bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0091%, and the wear rate of the bucket parts after heat treatment is 0.0063%.
Example 8
Normalizing the bucket teeth at 1180 ℃ for 1.9h, and then air-cooling to 288 ℃; raising the temperature from 288 ℃ to 800 ℃ at the speed of 16 ℃/h, and preserving the heat for 1.4h to finish the annealing treatment; and naturally cooling to room temperature after the annealing treatment is finished. Then, preserving the heat of the obtained middle bucket tooth at 950 ℃ for 55min, controlling the water cooling water pressure to be 4.3MPa after the heat preservation is finished, controlling the water flow to be 28L/min, controlling the water temperature to be 6 ℃, and cooling the water to the room temperature; and then tempering at 360 ℃ for 5h, and naturally cooling to room temperature after heat preservation to finish heat treatment.
Experiments prove that the wear rate of the bucket tooth before heat treatment is 0.0091%, and the wear rate of the bucket tooth after heat treatment is 0.0059%.
From the above embodiments, the present invention provides a heat treatment method for bucket components. In the invention, bucket parts are sequentially subjected to normalizing treatment, annealing treatment, quenching treatment and tempering treatment; in the normalizing treatment, heating the parts to be above the critical temperature, preserving heat and then carrying out air cooling to obtain a pearlite structure; annealing the parts subjected to normalizing treatment under a certain condition, naturally cooling to room temperature, eliminating residual stress in the bucket, refining grains to obtain a balanced structure, and improving the mechanical property of the workpiece; after the annealing treatment is finished, quenching treatment is carried out to enable the bucket to be completely austenitized, and then the water cooling technological parameters are controlled to convert austenite into martensite as much as possible, so that the wear resistance of the bucket is improved; after quenching, a large amount of internal stress exists in the bucket, final tempering treatment is needed, internal stress and brittleness are reduced, cracking is prevented, metallographic structures are stable through tempering, and the situations of workpiece deformation and the like in the using process are avoided. According to the results of the examples, the heat treatment method provided by the invention has the advantages that the wear rate of the bucket parts is as low as 0.0058%, the wear rate is greatly reduced, and the wear resistance is excellent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A method of heat treating bucket components, comprising the steps of:
(1) sequentially carrying out normalizing treatment and annealing treatment on the bucket parts to obtain middle bucket parts;
(2) and sequentially carrying out quenching treatment and tempering treatment on the middle bucket part to finish heat treatment.
2. The heat treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the normalizing treatment in the step (1) is performed at a temperature of 1000 to 1250 ℃ for 1 to 2 hours.
3. The heat treatment method according to claim 2, wherein air cooling is performed after the normalization treatment, and the target temperature of the air cooling is 200 to 300 ℃.
4. The heat treatment method according to claim 3, wherein the annealing treatment is started after the air-cooling to the target temperature;
the heating rate from the air cooling target temperature to the annealing treatment target temperature is 15-30 ℃/h.
5. The heat treatment method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the annealing treatment in the step (1) is performed at a target temperature of 750 to 850 ℃ for a holding time of 1 to 1.5 hours.
6. The heat treatment method according to claim 5, wherein the target temperature of the quenching in the step (2) is 880 to 960 ℃, and the holding time is 40 to 60 min.
7. The heat treatment method according to claim 4 or 6, wherein the quenching in the step (2) is performed by water cooling;
the water-cooling water pressure is 4-6 MPa, the water flow is 20-30L/min, and the water temperature is 5-10 ℃.
8. The heat treatment method according to claim 7, wherein the tempering treatment in the step (2) is performed at a temperature of 300 to 450 ℃ for 3 to 5 hours.
CN202210630267.3A 2022-06-06 2022-06-06 Heat treatment method for bucket parts Withdrawn CN114959199A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210630267.3A CN114959199A (en) 2022-06-06 2022-06-06 Heat treatment method for bucket parts

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210630267.3A CN114959199A (en) 2022-06-06 2022-06-06 Heat treatment method for bucket parts

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114959199A true CN114959199A (en) 2022-08-30

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CN202210630267.3A Withdrawn CN114959199A (en) 2022-06-06 2022-06-06 Heat treatment method for bucket parts

Country Status (1)

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CN (1) CN114959199A (en)

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Application publication date: 20220830