CN114958061A - 一种高层建筑钢结构用复层防火涂料 - Google Patents
一种高层建筑钢结构用复层防火涂料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及防火涂料技术领域,具体涉及一种高层建筑钢结构用复层防火涂料。本发明提供的防火涂料包括底层和面层;所述底层为采用EVA可再分散性胶粉作为助剂的非膨胀型防火涂料;所述面层为,向氮碳磷体系中引入纳米石墨烯形成的膨胀型防火涂料。本发明所提供的防火涂料采用复合层的方式,底层为非膨胀、面层为膨胀型,二者有机结合,可以实现降低涂层厚度,减少荷载,增加粘接力,从而达到对钢结构的保护。本发明提供的复层防火涂料层间结合力好,非膨胀型与膨胀型复合使用、减少了结构负荷,为其高层建筑钢结构防火保护耐火时间4小时提供了一条新途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防火涂料技术领域,具体涉及一种高层建筑钢结构用复层防火涂料。
背景技术
钢结构具有强度高、自重轻、抗震性能好、施工进度快、结构占用面积少、工业化程度高等一系列优点,钢结构虽然是不燃烧体,但很不耐火。因此提高钢结构的耐火性能是推广钢结构建筑的关键。只有提高钢结构的防火性能才能充分发挥钢结构节能建筑的优势。
对钢结构建筑物进行防火保护具有十分重要的意义。在钢结构表面喷涂一层钢结构防火涂料,利用防火涂层的耐火能力和低传热性延缓钢结构达到临界温度的时间,避免钢结构的力学性能下降过快而坍塌,为消防工作的开展和人员的安全撤离赢得宝贵的时间,减少火灾引起的人员伤亡和经济损失。
近年来,高层钢结构建筑雨后春笋般拔地而起。然而目前消防装备对于高度大于250米的钢结构建筑无法奏效。为保障建筑高度大于250米民用建筑的消防安全设防水平,提高其抗御火灾能力。因此,急需将承重柱(包括斜撑)的耐火极限提高到4.00h,将梁、与梁结构功能类似的构件以及核心筒外围墙体的耐火极限提高到3.00h,将楼板和屋顶承重构件的耐火极限提高到2.50h。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种对高层建筑钢材料实现耐火保护4.00h的防火涂料。
目前市面上能够为钢结构承重柱提供4.00h耐火保护防火材料为非膨胀型钢结构防火涂料。涂装厚度在50mm以上,载荷大,此材料对钢结构附着力不佳、加之风荷载作用于构件下对该材料形成高频率弯曲老化,材料往往存在脱落现象。无法长期胜任250米民用建筑抗火要求,故而开发一种面密度小、附着力牢固且抗挠曲的复层钢结构防火保护材料势在必行。
因此,本发明第一方面提供一种防火涂料,所述防火涂料包括底层和面层;所述底层为采用EVA可再分散性胶粉作为助剂的非膨胀型防火涂料;所述面层为,向氮碳磷体系中引入纳米石墨烯形成的膨胀型防火涂料。
在将非膨胀型与膨胀型防火涂料集合形成复层防火涂料时,两种类型的防火涂料结合力度不够,本发明通过对配方进行调整,使得层间结合力好。
具体地,本发明在面层防火涂料中采用纳米石墨烯,石墨烯的二维片层结构能在涂料中层层叠加,形成致密的物理隔绝层,提高阻燃性能,遇火后石墨烯层进行膨胀剥离与阻燃剂膨胀生成碳层协效形成隔热屏蔽层。在底层防火涂料中,采用EVA可再分散性胶粉作为助剂,增强涂层的附着力,提高涂料施工和易性,利于施工。
在形成复层时,底层中的EVA可再分散性胶粉会与面层中的石墨烯进行交联复合,提升复层中两种防火涂料的层间结合力;并且进一步形成一层致密的保护膜,起到阻隔外部腐蚀的作用,大大提升涂料的防腐蚀性能。
在本发明提供的防火涂料中,所述面层,以重量份计,包括:15-25份建筑乳液、18-25份阻燃剂、5-9份发泡剂、7-10份成炭剂、8-11份颜料、1-5份纳米石墨烯、2-8份纤维、0.4-0.6份助剂和18-25份水。
在本发明提供的防火涂料中,所述建筑乳液为为叔醋乳液或醋丙乳液;所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝和硼酸锌。
在本发明提供的防火涂料中,所述面层,以重量份计,含有16-20份叔醋乳液、23-25份聚磷酸铵、1-2份氢氧化铝、1-2份硼酸锌、8份三聚氰胺、7-10份季戊四醇、10-11份金红石钛白粉、3-5份纳米石墨烯、3-4份高硅氧玻纤、3-4份高铝纤维。
本发明所涉及的面层涂料采用新型建筑乳液为叔醋乳液或醋丙乳液,其作为成膜物质,低VOC,为绿色环保型。建筑乳液的选择或复配,不仅对钢材有一个很好的粘接,高温膨胀后膨胀层也与钢材有一个很好的附着力,保证了基材的防火性能。
本发明面层涂料中所涉及的阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵(n≥1000)、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌,三种材料协同阻燃作用。不仅提高了膨胀体系的热分解温度,协同产生致密碳层,从而提高了膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的稳定性、耐水性、耐火性能。
本发明面层涂料中所涉及的发泡剂为三聚氰胺(三聚氰胺含量≥99.5%)。成炭剂为季戊四醇(单季戊四醇含量≥95%、羟基值≥47.5%)。
本发明面层涂料中所涉及颜料为金红石钛白粉TiO2含量≥92%。
本发明面层涂料中所涉及的纤维为航空用耐火纤维高硅氧玻纤、高铝纤维。高硅氧纤维是高纯氧化硅非晶体连续纤维的简称,其氧化硅含量96-98%,连续耐温摄氏1400℃。加入2-8%高硅氧玻纤自身可抵御高温,在火灾发生时会使膨胀后的防火涂层更加坚固减少碳层脱落的可能性,有利于防火涂料长效发挥阻燃效果。
在本发明提供的防火涂料中,所述底层包括:无机凝胶材料、保温隔热材料和防火添加剂、纤维、EVA可再分散性胶粉和纤维素醚。
在本发明所提供的防火涂料中,所述无机凝胶材料为脱硫石膏;所述保温隔热材料为蛭石、漂珠、纳米SiO2气凝胶;所述防火添加剂为石灰石尾矿粉;所述纤维为玻璃纤维。
在本发明所提供的防火涂料中,所述底层,以重量份计,含有20-25份脱硫石膏、22-25份膨胀蛭石、18-22份漂珠、4.3-5份纳米SiO2气凝胶、20-25份石灰石尾矿粉、6份玻璃纤维、0.5-0.7份EVA可再分散性胶粉、0.2-0.3份纤维素醚。
本发明提供的底层防火涂料所涉及无机胶凝材料采用脱硫石膏,电厂脱硫形成的副产品,符合国家环保的产业政策,脱硫石膏三相检测指标为:无水相≤8%,半水相≥85%,二水相≤3%。
本发明提供的底层防火涂料所涉及的保温隔热材料为:蛭石(粒径20-50目),漂珠(容重≦420kg/m3,粒径约0.1mm,耐火度≥1610℃),气凝胶为纳米SiO2气凝胶。选用不同级配要求、颗粒状、不规则状和片状、新型材料和传统无机保温隔热材料相互融合,互成一体,既能保证涂层厚度,又能使涂料有好的致密性,从而保证涂料的保温隔热性,耐火性能优异。
本发明提供的底层防火涂料,采用综合利用材料石灰石尾矿粉(325目)作为防火涂料的防火添加剂,不仅符合国家资源综合利用政策,而且也有利于降低涂料的成本,增加市场竞争力。
本发明提供的底层防火涂料,所涉及纤维材料选择玻璃纤维(纤维长度6mm),纤维易分散性,而且在涂料干燥后形成立体网状结构,形成统一整体,避免涂层开裂,有效保护钢结构基材耐火性能。
本发明提供的底层防火涂料,所涉及助剂为EVA可再分散性胶粉,纤维素醚(粘度10W),增强涂层的附着力,提高涂料施工和易性,利于施工。
在本发明提供的防火涂料中,所述底层与所述面层的涂层厚度比为(28-35):(1-4)。
根据本领域技术人员的理解,本发明请求保护上述的防火涂料,在提高金属结构耐火性能中的应用。
更具体地,所述金属结构为高层建筑钢结构。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的底层非膨胀型钢结构防火涂料,采用无机材料、单组分,具有绿色、节能、环保、耐火性能高、施工方便等特点,符合国家倡导绿色发展理念。新型隔热钢结构防火涂料采用无机材料如粘接剂、保温隔热材料、高温纤维等进行配方设计,各种成分形成有机整体,涂料不仅具有好的防火性能,而且具有良好的施工性。
(2)本发明提供的面层防火涂料为膨胀型钢结构防火涂料,采用新型聚合物乳液、氮碳磷体系中引入石墨烯组成化学物理双效膨胀体系、引入航空用耐火纤维高硅氧玻纤、无机填料及助剂组成,产品具有粘接强度高,防火性能好,绿色环保、施工方便等特点,符合国家倡导绿色发展理念。
(3)本发明提供的复层防火涂料,底层为非膨胀型防火涂料、面层为膨胀型防火涂料,两组分为水性防火涂料,层间结合力好,二者复合实用、减少了结构负荷,为其高层建筑钢结构防火保护耐火时间4小时提供了一条新途径。
并且,面层防火涂料的石墨烯可以与底层防火涂料中树脂进行交联复合,提升复层防火涂料各层间的结合力;进一步形成一层致密的保护膜,起到阻隔外部腐蚀的作用;能够大大提升涂料的防腐蚀性能。在高温下石墨烯涂层燃烧产生二氧化碳和水,并生成更加致密、连续的碳层,阻隔作用更强。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。在不背离本发明精神和实质的情况下,对本发明方法、步骤或条件所作的修改或替换,均属于本发明的保护范围。
若未特别指明,本发实施例中所用的实验材料、试剂、仪器等均可市售获得;若未具体指明,本发明实施例中所有的技术手段均为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。
实施例1底层防火涂料1
本实施例提供底层防火涂料的配方,以重量份计,如下:脱硫石膏20份、膨胀蛭石25份、漂珠18份、纳米SiO2气凝胶5份、石灰石尾矿粉25份、玻璃纤维6份、EVA可再分散性胶粉0.7份、纤维素醚0.3份。
本实施例还提供了底层涂料的制备方法,如下:先将保温材料蛭石、漂珠、纳米SiO2气凝胶、经计量、过振动筛,加入搅拌机中,随后加入胶凝材料、尾矿粉,纤维、胶粉、纤维素醚,各种主料进入混合机后,混合时间3-4分钟。产品经检验合格后,进行包装。
本实施例制备得到的底层涂料,通过采用辊涂、刷涂、喷涂或抹涂的方式进行,首先清除掉待施工钢件上的灰尘、油污和浮锈,对钢结构表面进行界面处理,将防火涂料、水按适当的比例准确计量后加入搅拌机并搅拌,搅拌时间(一般10分钟左右)可视环境温度的变化而有所改动,第一层防火涂料的施工应采用喷涂的方法进行,如现场不允许喷涂,可采用抹涂的方法进行,施工防火涂料的涂层厚度一般在5mm以下;有7-8成干时(约24小时以后)可进行下一层涂料施工;从第二层开始,每层的施工厚度可在6-8mm,直至达到防火设计厚度。
实施例2底层防火涂料2
本实施例提供底层防火涂料的配方,以重量份计,如下:脱硫石膏25份、膨胀蛭石22份、漂珠22份、纳米SiO2气凝胶4.3份、石灰石尾矿粉20份、玻璃纤维6份、EVA可再分散性胶粉0.5份、纤维素醚0.2份。
实施例3面层防火涂料1
本实施例提供面层防火涂料的配方,以重量份计,如下:叔醋乳液20份、聚磷酸铵25份、氢氧化铝1份、硼酸锌1份、三聚氰胺8份、季戊四醇7份、金红石钛白粉10份、纳米石墨烯5份、高硅氧玻纤4份、高铝纤维3份、分散剂0.4份、增稠剂0.2份、水15.4份。
本实施例还提供了面层涂料的制备方法,如下:将石墨烯、纤维、分散剂、水加入搅拌罐中,搅拌均匀,加入钛白粉及防火组分,搅拌均匀后,加入乳液、增稠剂,检验合格后,称重,包装。
本实施例制备得到的面层涂料,通过喷涂方法,每遍涂层厚度为5mm,直至在钢材表面达到设计厚度。
实施例4面层防火涂料2
本实施例提供面层防火涂料的配方,以重量份计,如下:叔醋乳液16份、聚磷酸铵23份、氢氧化铝2份、硼酸锌2份、三聚氰胺8份、季戊四醇10份、金红石钛白粉11份、纳米石墨烯3份、高硅氧玻纤3份、高铝纤维4份、分散剂0.4份、增稠剂0.2份、水17.4份。
实施例5复层防火涂料1
本实施例提供一种复层防火涂料的配方,如下
本实施例提供复层防火涂料的底层为实施例1得到的防火涂料,涂层厚度28mm;面层为实施例3得到的防火涂料,面层涂层厚度4mm,涂层总厚度32mm。
实施例6复层防火涂料2
本实施例提供一种复层防火涂料的配方,如下
本实施例提供复层防火涂料的底层为实施例1得到的防火涂料,涂层厚度30mm;面层为实施例4得到的防火涂料,面层涂层厚度3mm,涂层总厚度33mm。
实施例7复层防火涂料3
本实施例提供一种复层防火涂料的配方,如下
本实施例提供复层防火涂料的底层为实施例2得到的防火涂料,涂层厚度33mm;面层为实施例3得到的防火涂料,面层涂层厚度2mm,涂层总厚度35mm。
实施例8复层防火涂料4
本实施例提供一种复层防火涂料的配方,如下
本实施例提供复层防火涂料的底层为实施例2得到的防火涂料,涂层厚度35mm;面层为实施例4得到的防火涂料,面层涂层厚度1mm,涂层总厚度36mm。
对比例1底层涂料采用不同助剂的效果
本对比例提供了一种底层涂料,配方如下:普硅水泥20份、膨胀蛭石25份、膨胀珍珠岩23份、石灰石尾矿粉25份、粒状棉6份、聚乙烯醇胶粉0.7份、纤维素醚0.3份。
将本对比例提供的底层涂料与实施例2中的面层涂料搭配,底层涂层厚度35mm,面层涂层厚度4mm,涂层总厚度39mm,不能形成稳定的复层防火涂料,原因可能是:涂层底层粘接强度不够、在涂层的耐火试验过程中涂层脱落,达不到设计防火要求。
对比例2面层涂料不同配比
本对比例提供了一种面层涂料,配方如下:白乳胶20份、聚磷酸铵27份、三聚氰胺9份、季戊四醇9份、金红石钛白粉10份、硅酸铝纤维7份、分散剂0.4份、增稠剂0.2份、水15.4份。
将本对比例提供的面层涂料与实施例1中的底层涂料搭配,底层涂层厚度30mm,面层涂层厚度3mm,涂层总厚度33mm,不能形成稳定的复层防火涂料,原因可能是:面层涂料在耐火试验中膨胀发泡,发泡层不稳定,出现了脱落现象,失去了防火保护,防火性能达不到设计要求。
实验例1耐火时间及防火效果
本实验采用GB14907-2018《钢结构防火涂料》,耐火试验采用GB/T 706-2016规定的36b热轧工字钢,试验按四点集中荷载加载,耐火试验采用建筑纤维类火灾升温曲线进行,对实施例1-8及对比例1-2中防火涂料的耐火时间及防火效果进行了检测,检测结果见表1。
表1不同防火涂料的防火效果
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种防火涂料,其特征在于,所述防火涂料包括底层和面层;所述底层为采用EVA可再分散性胶粉作为助剂的非膨胀型防火涂料;所述面层为,向氮碳磷体系中引入纳米石墨烯形成的膨胀型防火涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防火涂料,其特征在于,所述面层,以重量份计包括:15-25份建筑乳液、18-25份阻燃剂、5-9份发泡剂、7-10份成炭剂、8-11份颜料、1-5份纳米石墨烯、2-8份纤维、0.4-0.6份助剂和18-25份水。
3.根据权利要求2所述的防火涂料,其特征在于,所述建筑乳液为为叔醋乳液或醋丙乳液;所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝和硼酸锌。
4.根据权利要求3所述的防火涂料,其特征在于,所述面层,以重量份计含有16-20份叔醋乳液、23-25份聚磷酸铵、1-2份氢氧化铝、1-2份硼酸锌、8份三聚氰胺、7-10份季戊四醇、10-11份金红石钛白粉、3-5份纳米石墨烯、3-4份高硅氧玻纤、3-4份高铝纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防火涂料,其特征在于,所述底层包括:无机凝胶材料、保温隔热材料和防火添加剂、纤维、EVA可再分散性胶粉和纤维素醚。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防火涂料,其特征在于,所述无机凝胶材料为脱硫石膏;所述保温隔热材料为蛭石、漂珠、纳米SiO2气凝胶;所述防火添加剂为石灰石尾矿粉;所述纤维为玻璃纤维。
7.根据权利要求6所述的防火涂料,其特征在于,所述底层,以重量份计含有20-25份脱硫石膏、22-25份膨胀蛭石、18-22份漂珠、4.3-5份纳米SiO2气凝胶、20-25份石灰石尾矿粉、6份玻璃纤维、0.5-0.7份EVA可再分散性胶粉、0.2-0.3份纤维素醚。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的防火涂料,其特征在于,所述底层与所述面层的涂层厚度比为(28-35):(1-4)。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的防火涂料,在提高金属结构耐火性能中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,所述金属结构为高层建筑钢结构。
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