CN114957140A - 一种轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN114957140A
CN114957140A CN202210383453.1A CN202210383453A CN114957140A CN 114957140 A CN114957140 A CN 114957140A CN 202210383453 A CN202210383453 A CN 202210383453A CN 114957140 A CN114957140 A CN 114957140A
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朱伯汉
钱鹏程
郭文婷
李龙
唐从辉
李亭
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种轴手性1,2,3‑三唑类化合物及其制备方法和应用,特别是发展了一种对映体选择性Rh‑催化的叠氮化物‑内炔烃环加成反应(E‑RhAAC)用于构建轴手性1,2,3‑三唑类化合物的合成策略,具有高度区域和对映体选择性。通过内炔烃和叠氮化物的催化不对称[3+2]环加成反应,首次披露了轴手性的催化不对称合成,1,2,3‑三唑直接充当具有挑战性的5元阻转异构体的核心手性单元,底物适应范围宽泛。反应机理研究表明,E‑RhAAC优异的区域选择性是由氢键介导。此外,本发明的轴手性1,2,3‑三唑类化合物进一步衍生为轴手性膦配体,可以作为手性配体应用于钯催化的烯丙基烷基化反应。

Description

一种轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本申请属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
自Meldal和Sharpless实验室分别独立地披露了Cu(I)-催化的叠氮-炔烃环加成(CuACC)以来(Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2001,40,2004-2021;J.Org.Chem.2002,67,3057-3064;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2002,41,2596-2599.),CuACC的合成策略由于其高效性、原子经济性和可以模块化地构建含1,4-二取代1,2,3-三唑类化合物的显著优势,在化学生物学、材料科学、聚合物化学和药物化学领域呈现出巨大的潜力和爆发式的增长。与前述现有技术已经充分开发的制备消旋体的CuAAC合成策略相比,不对称催化炔烃和叠氮化合物的[3+2]环加成反应仍然是一个巨大的挑战(ACSCatal.2016,6,3629-3636.),这是由于炔烃和叠氮化合物的线性几何结构、环加成的复杂机制、以及这样的反应并不涉及新的手性中心的形成(Chem.Rev.2016,116,14726-14768;Science2016,340,457-460;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,5378-5386.)。尽管现有技术对于对映选择性-CuAAC(E-CuAAC)的合成策略也有报道,但是这些研究均是基于末端炔烃和手性底物(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2013,135,10994-10997;Chem.Sci.2020,11,97-106;Org.Lett.2020,22,1270-1274;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2021,60,8488-8493;J.Org.Chem.2020,40,3065-3077),而对于内炔烃和叠氮化物的不对称[3+2]环加成反应则少有报道。据发明人所知,仅Zhou等人的研究首次披露了使用1-碘代炔烃作为特定的内炔烃与前手性的叠氮底物实现了不对称[3+2]环加成反应,以高收率和优异的对映体选择性得到含有1,2,3-三唑的季醇(Org.Lett.2020,22,1270-1274)。近来,Topczewski课题组披露了通过动态动力学拆分对对映选择性-Ni催化的[3+2]前手性叠氮化物和内炔烃环加成,但在区域和对映体控制方面的结果并不令人满意(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2021,143,5308-5313)。更重要的是,通过内炔烃和叠氮化物的催化对映选择性环加成,以1,2,3-三唑作为直接手性单元的C-C轴向手性的转角选择性构建仍然有待探索并且意义十分重大。
由于轴手性骨架作为核心骨架结构广泛地存在于天然产物、手性配体/催化剂和生物学相关化合物,构建获得轴手性骨架已经成为现代有机合成中一个重要的课题并且已经取得了显著的进展,现有技术已经开发了许多用于构建轴向手性六元(杂)联芳基化合物的有前景的合成策略(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2021,143,12924-12929;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2020,142,7322-7327;Nat.Catal.2019,2,314-232;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2020,59,3568–3572)。形成鲜明对比的是,由于相对较低的旋转势垒和不稳定的构型(Chem.-Eur.J.2020,26,15779-15792),对映体选择性催化合成带有五元杂环的阻转异构体的合成策略仍然少见。与现有技术报道的其它具有C-C手性轴5-元(杂)双芳基骨架合成策略相比,以原子经济的方式直接构建获得轴手性1,2,3-三唑化合物的方法仍然受限,而这是十分具有挑战性和吸引力的(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2020,142,2161-2167;Catal.Sci.Technol.2017,7,4830-4841;Eur.J.Org.Chem.2018,2018,2267-2272;Chem.2020,6,2046-2059;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,13443-1344;Nat.Chem.2018,10,58-64;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,15104-15110;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,3014-3020;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2017,56,116-121;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,1494-1498;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,9215-9219;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2021,60,16628-16633;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2019,141,9527-9532;Nat.Commun.2022,13,632;ACSCatal.2019,9,1956-1961)。因此,发明人设想可以通过过渡金属催化的内炔烃和叠氮化物的[3+2]环加成,将1,2,3-三唑作为阻转异构体的核心手性单元引入,从而实现区域和对映选择性构建,以实用且简洁的方式获得C-C轴向手性1,2,3-三唑骨架。
发明内容
本发明发展了一种对映体选择性Rh-催化的叠氮化物-内炔烃环加成反应(E-RhAAC)用于构建轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物的合成策略,具有高度区域和对映体选择性。通过内炔烃和叠氮化物的催化不对称[3+2]环加成反应,首次披露了轴手性的催化不对称合成。重要的是,与之前涉及C-H活化的方法相比,1,2,3-三唑直接充当具有挑战性的5元阻转异构体的核心手性单元,以优异的原子经济的方式通过内部炔烃的E-RhAAC途径。反应机理研究表明,E-RhAAC优异的区域选择性是由氢键介导。以及该合成策略具有区域选择性和对映选择性高、条件温和、操作简单和底物范围广等特点。此外,本发明的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物进一步衍生为轴手性膦配体,可以作为手性配体应用于钯催化的烯丙基烷基化反应。
作为本发明的第一个方面,本发明提供了如下轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体,结构式如式3-1或3-2所示:
Figure BDA0003592736850000041
式中,R1表示所连接环上的取代基,m=0,1,2,3,4,5,6的整数,n=0,1,2,3,4的整数;R1彼此独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、C1-20烷基、C1-20烷氧基、C1-20烷硫基、C1-20酰基、C1-20烷氧羰基、C1-20卤代烷基、C1-20卤代烷氧基、C1-20酰氧基、C6-20芳基、C3-20环烷基、C2-20杂芳基、-CN、-NO2
R2选自C1-20烷基、C3-20环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-20芳基、取代或未取代的C2-20杂芳基、C1-20甲硅烷基。
R3选自取代或未取代的C1-20烷基、取代或未取代的C6-20芳基、取代或未取代的C2-20杂芳基、C3-20环烷基。
在本说明书的任意部分中,术语“卤素”可包括氟、氯、溴、碘。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的烷基(包括本文中具有烷基部分的取代基,如C1-20烷氧基、C1-20烷硫基、C1-20酰基、C1-20烷氧羰基、C1-20卤代烷基、C1-20卤代烷氧基、C1-20酰氧基、C6-20芳基-C1-20烷基,C6-20芳基-C1-20烷氧基等)可为直链或支链的类型,烷基的碳数可进一步优选为1至6,更进一步优选为1至3。烷基可包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、2-乙基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、1-甲基己基、2-乙基己基、2-丁基己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基或正十二烷基等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的芳基(包括本文中具有芳基部分的取代基,如C6-20芳基磺酰基,C6-20芳基磺酰氧基、C6-20芳基-C1-20烷基,C6-20芳基-C1-20烷氧基等)可为单环或多环芳基,用于形成芳基的碳原子数目可进一步优选为6至18、6至14或6至12。芳基的实例可包括苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芴基、联苯基、三联苯基、苯并菲基、芘基、
Figure BDA0003592736850000051
基、荧蒽基等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的环烷基可为单环或多环环烷基,用于形成环烷基的碳原子数目可进一步优选为3至12、3至8或3至6。环烷基的实例可包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、金刚烷基、二环[3.2.1]辛烷、螺[5.5]十一烷等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的杂芳基可为单环或多环杂芳基,杂芳基中杂原子可为包括O、N、P、Si和S中的至少一个,用于形成杂芳基的碳数可进一步优选为2至18,2至12,2至8或2至6。杂芳基的实例可包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、联吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、吖啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、吩噁嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、菲咯啉基、噻唑基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基、二苯并呋喃基、噻吩并噻吩基等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的甲硅烷基可包括烷基甲硅烷基和芳基甲硅烷基。甲硅烷基的实例可包括三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、丙基二甲基甲硅烷基、三苯基甲硅烷基、二苯基甲基甲硅烷基、苯基二甲基甲硅烷基等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,术语“取代或未取代的”中的取代基选自以下基团中的一个或多个:氘,卤素原子,-CN,-NO2,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基,C1-20烷硫基,C1-20酰基,C1-20烷氧羰基,C1-20卤代烷基,C1-20卤代烷氧基,C1-20酰氧基,C6-20芳基,C3-20环烷基,C2-20杂芳基,C6-20芳基磺酰基,C6-20芳基磺酰氧基、C6-20芳基-C1-20烷基,C6-20芳基-C1-20烷氧基,
Figure BDA0003592736850000061
和/或被选自卤素、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、-CN、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、乙酰基、甲氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、环丙基中的一个或多个所取代的C6-20芳基、C3-20环烷基、C2-20杂芳基、C6-20芳基磺酰基、C6-20芳基磺酰氧基,
Figure BDA0003592736850000062
Figure BDA0003592736850000063
Figure BDA0003592736850000064
等。
优选地,R1表示所连接环上的取代基,m=0,1,2,3,4,5,6的整数,n=0,1,2,3,4的整数;R1彼此独立地选自氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、甲硫基、甲氧羰基、乙酰基。
R2选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、环丙基、三甲基硅基、二茂铁基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、噻吩基、萘基。
R3选自对甲苯磺酰氧基甲基,苯基,环己基,苯乙基,苄基,萘甲基,蒽甲基,芘甲基,菲甲基,苯并呋喃基甲基,苯并噻吩基甲基,被选自卤素、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、-CN、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、乙酰基、甲氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、环丙基中的一个或多个所取代的吲哚甲基或萘甲基。
进一步优选地,本发明涉及如下轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体:
Figure BDA0003592736850000071
Figure BDA0003592736850000081
作为本发明的第二个方面,本发明提供了一种本发明前述的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体的制备方法,其特征在于通过式1-1或式1-2的内炔烃类化合物与式2所示的叠氮化合物反应制备得到,合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0003592736850000091
其中R1-R3,m,n如本文前这所定义。
根据本发明的制备方法,其操作如下:
(1)[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L加入至有机溶剂中,-25~25℃条件下搅拌反应;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应液中加入式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物,继续搅拌反应至反应完全;
(3)纯化处理得到式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体。
根据本发明的制备方法,其中所述亚磷酰胺配体L选自如下L4~L8所示结构的亚磷酰胺化合物或其对映异构体:
Figure BDA0003592736850000101
最优选地,所述亚磷酰胺配体L选自L8。可选地,使用前述亚磷酰胺配体的对映异构体作为配体L时,本发明的方法相应地获得式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物的对映异构体形式。
根据本发明的制备方法,步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯、甲苯、二氯乙烷中的任意一种或几种;优选地为二氯甲烷或甲苯。
根据本发明的制备方法,进一步包括所述反应中添加
Figure BDA0003592736850000102
分子筛,
Figure BDA0003592736850000103
分子筛的加入有助于进一步提高目标产物产率和产品的对映体选择性。
Figure BDA0003592736850000104
分子筛与总有机溶剂的用量比例为1g:10~100mL,优选地为1g:25~50mL。
根据本发明的制备方法,其中步骤(2)中所述向步骤(1)的反应液中加入式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物的操作为:将式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物溶于有机溶剂中,加入
Figure BDA0003592736850000105
分子筛得到料液,随后将料液加入到步骤(1)的反应液中。其中所述的有机溶剂与步骤(1)中有机溶剂相同或不同,选自二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯、甲苯、二氯乙烷中的任意一种或几种;优选地为二氯甲烷或甲苯。
根据本发明的制备方法,其中式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物、式2所示叠氮化合物、[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L的投料摩尔比为1:(1~3):(0.01~0.1):(0.01~0.2);优选地,式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物、式2所示叠氮化合物、[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L的投料摩尔比为1:2:0.02~0.04:0.05~0.1。
根据本发明的制备方法,步骤(1)中反应温度优选地为0-25℃,最优选为10-25℃;反应时间为5min~2小时,优选为0.5小时;步骤(2)中继续搅拌反应的反应温度为0-25℃,最优选为10-25℃;反应完全需要的反应时间为0.5~72小时。
根据本发明的制备方法,步骤(3)所示纯化处理操作如下:将反应液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析分离得到式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体,其中硅胶柱层析分离的洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂。
作为本发明的第三个方面,本发明提供了一种由本发明前述式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物为合成中间体的应用,其应用于制备具有如下式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示的结构的轴手性膦配体:
Figure BDA0003592736850000111
其中R1~R3,m,n具有如本文前述相同的定义。
根据本发明提供的一种具有式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示的结构轴手性有机膦配体,其优选结构为式6-1或式7-1。作为本发明的轴手性有机膦配体的示例,具体可以为:
Figure BDA0003592736850000121
等。
根据本发明提供的一种由本发明前述式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物作为合成中间体的应用,其应用于制备具有如下式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示的结构的轴手性膦配体,具体地,合成路线如下:
Figure BDA0003592736850000122
或者,
Figure BDA0003592736850000123
具有式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示结构的轴手性有机膦配体的应用,其作为配体应用于不对称催化反应中。优选地,应用于钯催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应中。
根据本发明前述的具有式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示的结构的轴手性膦配体的应用,其中,所述钯催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应具体如下:
Figure BDA0003592736850000131
优选地,所述的轴手性有机膦配体为
Figure BDA0003592736850000132
R为叔丁基。
本发明较之现有技术具有如下的优点:
(1)本发明实现了铑催化内炔烃与叠氮的分子间不对称[3+2]环加成反应,为首例内炔烃的E-RhAAC反应合成轴手性三氮唑化合物。
(2)本发明制备轴手性三氮唑化合物的方法反应条件温和,具有原子经济性高、高区域选择性和高对映选择性的优点;同时,利用该策略也可以高效高选择性地合成复杂轴手性三氮唑化合物(化合物5a-5h)。
(3)本发明制备的轴手性三氮唑化合物作为合成中间体,可以便捷地经由现有技术已知方法应用于直接合成相应的有机膦配体,该有机膦配体可以广泛地应用于不对称催化反应,例如钯催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物3l单晶结构衍射图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步地详述。在下文中,如无特殊说明,所使用的方法均为本领域的常规方法,所使用的试剂均可以由本领域常规商业途径购买获得和/或经由现有技术已知方法制备获得。
实施例1-19反应条件优化试验
以式1a所示的1-苯乙炔基-2-萘酚和式2a所示的萘-1-甲基叠氮为模板底物,对反应条件进行优化,典型优化试验结果汇总于表1中,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003592736850000141
表1:
Figure BDA0003592736850000142
a基本反应条件:1a(0.05mmol),2a(2equiv),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(2mol%),配体(5mol%),溶剂(1.0mL);产率基于1,3,5-三甲氧基苯为内标经1H NMR分析确定,ee值经HPLC分析确定;b分子筛加入量为20mg;c分离产率通过将反应放大4倍(式1a,0.2mmol规模)确定。
其中,配体L1~L8结构如下:
Figure BDA0003592736850000151
以实施例18c为例,本发明反应的典型试验操作如下:
[Rh(COD)Cl]2(0.004mmol,1.9mg)和配体L8(0.01mmol,7.6mg)加入至甲苯(2mL)中,10℃搅拌反应0.5小时得到反应液。随后,式1a所示的1-苯乙炔基-2-萘酚(0.2mmol,48.8mg)和式2a所示的萘-1-甲基叠氮(0.4mmol,73.2mg)的甲苯(2mL)溶液加入
Figure BDA0003592736850000152
分子筛(80mg),搅拌均匀后加入至前述反应液中,保持反应温度为10℃条件下反应10小时,经TLC监测反应完全,将反应液浓缩得到残余物,再将残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到71.8mg纯净的式3a所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物。分离产率84%,浅黄色固体(mp222-224℃),[α]D 20=+89°(c=1.0,CHCl3).93%ee(经HPLC测定:ChiralpakASH柱,15/85i-PrOH/正己烷,1.0mL/min,254nm;TR=14.24min(主要),18.05min(少量的))。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.44(s,1H),8.02–7.94(m,2H),7.86–7.77(m,2H),7.67(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.48–7.33(m,5H),7.25–7.12(m,4H),7.07(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.74(dd,J=22.0,7.6Hz,2H),5.84(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),5.67(d,J=15.2Hz,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.5,144.3,133.1,132.5,132.1,131.2,130.6,130.2,129.3,128.5,128.4,128.3,127.8,127.5,127.3,127.2,126.3,125.7,125.2,124.8,123.2,123.1,122.3,118.1,105.9,49.9;HRESIMS Calcd for[C29H22N3O]+(M+H+)428.1757,found 428.1753。
进一步地,以配体L8的对映异构体L8’作为配体
Figure BDA0003592736850000161
进行实施例18c的反应,得到64.1mg纯净的式3a’所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物
Figure BDA0003592736850000162
产率75%,[α]D 20=-80°(c=1.0,CHCl3).92%ee(经HPLC测定:Chiralpak ASH柱,15/85i-PrOH/hexane,1.0mL/min,254nm;TR=14.32min(少量),17.39min(主要))。
在获得最佳催化反应条件(实施例18c)的基础上,发明人对反应的底物普适性进行了考察。发明人发现对于不同取代的内炔烃底物在反应体系中均表现出非常良好的官能团容忍性,以良好到出色的产率和优秀的对映选择性得到轴手性三氮唑化合物,并且表现出专一的区域选择性,反应式及结果如下所示:
Figure BDA0003592736850000163
Figure BDA0003592736850000171
a基本反应条件:1(0.2mmol),2a(0.4mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(2mol%),L8(5mol%),
Figure BDA0003592736850000172
MS(80mg),甲苯(4mL),10℃;产率基于分离得到的目标产物计算;ee值通过HPLC分析测定。b[Rh(COD)Cl]2(4mol%),L8(10mol%)。c[Rh(COD)Cl]2(4mol%),L8(10mol%),25℃。
对于不同取代的叠氮,发明人也进行了深入的考察。对于不同的萘环叠氮、杂环叠氮、稠环叠氮和脂肪链取代的叠氮均可以很好进行不对称的[3+2]环加成反应,构建轴手性三氮唑化合物。有意思的是,当采用双叠氮底物时,反应经历了两次不对称[3+2]环加成反应,得到相应的双C-C轴手性产物,且没有观察到内消旋产物,反应式及结果如下所示:
Figure BDA0003592736850000181
标准合成条件下(实施例18c)其它有代表性的叠氮类化合物的适应性研究:
Figure BDA0003592736850000191
值得一提的是,利用本发明的合成策略也可以高效高选择性地合成复杂轴手性三氮唑化合物,反应式及结果如下:
Figure BDA0003592736850000192
Figure BDA0003592736850000201
a基本反应条件:4(0.2mmol),2a(0.4mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(4mol%),L8(10mol%),
Figure BDA0003592736850000202
MS(80mg),甲苯(4mL),10℃,产率基于分离得到的目标产物计算;ee值通过HPLC分析测定。b[Rh(COD)Cl]2(8mol%),L8(20mol%)。cDCM作为反应溶剂。d反应温度为25℃。
工艺放大试验及产物的衍生化试验
为了进一步说明本发明反应的实用性,发明人对产物进行了克量级反应和衍生化试验。如下述反应式,在本发明标准条件下,得到1.03g模型产物。重结晶之后,模型产物的对映体过量值达到99%。衍生化试验表明,本发明的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物作为合成中间体,可以便捷地获得所需要的轴手性有机膦配体化合物,反应式表示如下:
Figure BDA0003592736850000211
具体合成步骤如下:
轴手性有机膦配体化合物6-1-1的制备:向2-二苯基膦基苯甲酸(0.22mmol,67.3mg)的二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液中,加入化合物3a(0.2mmol,85.6mg),DCC(0.24mmol,49.4mg)和4-DMAP(0.02mmol,2.4mg),随后将反应液在室温下反应8小时,原料消耗完全,将反应液经硅藻土垫过滤,滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到136mg轴手性有机膦配体化合物6-1-1,产率95%,[α]D 20=-45°(c=1.0,CHCl3).99%ee(通过HPLC测定:Chiralpak IB柱,20/80i-PrOH/hexane,1.0mL/min,254nm,25℃;TR=18.65min(major),22.80min(minor));1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95–7.90(m,1H),7.86(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.58–7.51(m,2H),7.48–7.44(m,2H),7.38–7.27(m,12H),7.25–7.21(m,3H),7.19–7.14(m,2H),7.12–7.05(m,3H),6.94–6.88(m,1H),6.72–6.63(m,2H),6.50(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.38(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.68(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),5.23(d,J=15.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ164.6(d,J=2.3Hz),147.7,146.3,141.8(d,J=28.1Hz),137.5(d,J=9.6Hz),137.3(d,J=11.9Hz),134.2,134.0(d,J=20.9Hz),133.8(d,J=20.6Hz),133.3,132.8,132.0,131.4(d,J=15.8Hz),131.5,131.1(0),131.0(6),130.5,129.0,128.8(d,J=5.4Hz),128.7(d,J=7.6Hz),128.6(d,J=3.4Hz),128.5(d,J=5.4Hz),128.4,128.3,128.1,127.7,127.1,126.8,126.4,126.0,125.8,125.5,124.2,123.8,123.2,121.5,116.7,51.2;31P NMR(202MHz,CDCl3)δ-4.2;HRESIMS Calcd for[C48H35N3O2P]+(M+H+)716.2461,found 716.2465。
轴手性有机膦配体化合物7-1-1的制备:
在氮气、0℃条件下,三氟甲磺酸酐(2.4mmol,0.4mL)滴加至化合物3a(0.8mmol,342mg)的吡啶(2mL)溶液中,滴加完成后将反应液升至室温搅拌反应5小时,反应完全后将反应液用HCl淬灭(6M,10mL),乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,将残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到3aa所示的三氟甲磺酸酯,产率91%。
在氮气、室温条件下,Pd(OAc)2(0.1mmol,22.5mg),dppb(0.13mmol,52mg)的DMSO(1.5mL)剧烈搅拌1小时,加入化合物3aa(0.5mmol,280mg)的DMSO溶液,随后加入DIPEA(2mmol,0.35mL)和二苯基膦氧(1mmol,202mg),加热至100℃反应10小时。反应完全后冷却至室温,加水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,将残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到式3ab所示的氧化膦中间产物,产率73%。
三氯硅烷(4mmol,0.4mL)和iPr2NEt(6mmol,1mL)加入至式3ab所示的氧化膦中间产物(0.2mmol)的甲苯(2mL)溶液中,在氮气和100℃条件下搅拌反应,经TLC监测反应完全(约4小时),反应完全后将反应液用氢氧化钠(1M,10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,将残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到88.2mg式7-1-1所示的轴手性有机膦配体化合物,产率74%。白色固体(mp 156-158℃).[α]D 20=+57°(c=1.0,CHCl3).99%ee(通过HPLC测定:Chiralpak IA柱,40/60i-PrOH/hexane,1.0mL/min,254nm,60℃;TR=5.22min(minor),6.67min(major));1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.97–7.92(m,1H),7.83(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.62–7.57(m,1H),7.41–7.30(m,9H),7.25–7.21(m,1H),7.18–7.14(m,2H),7.08–7.03(m,1H),7.01–6.89(m,7H),6.71–6.63(m,2H),6.50–6.42(m,2H),6.06(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),5.29(d,J=15.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ146.4(d,J=2.6Hz),137.9(d,J=14Hz),136.4(d,J=11.2Hz),134.9(d,J=10.4Hz),133.8(d,J=19.6Hz),133.7(d,J=19.3Hz),133.4,133.0,132.4(d,J=6.5Hz),132.1(d,J=33.1Hz),131.4(d,J=7.9Hz),131.1,130.7,130.2,129.3,128.9,128.8(d,J=6.6Hz),128.7,128.4,128.2(d,J=7.3Hz),128.0,127.6(7)(d,J=5.8),127.6(4),127.2,126.9,126.8,126.5,125.8,125.6,124.5,124.2,123.3,51.6;31P NMR(202MHz,CDCl3)δ-13.1;HRESIMS Calcd for[C41H31N3P]+(M+H+)596.2250,found596.2249。
本发明轴手性有机膦配体化合物的应用试验
为了进一步验证本发明中轴手性有机膦配体化合物的用途,发明人设计了如下试验,即将本发明的轴手性有机膦配体化合物6-1-1和7-1-1应用于钯催化的不对称烯丙基化反应中,反应式如下:
Figure BDA0003592736850000241
以化合物9b的合成为例,具体实验操作如下:
在氮气条件下,将二叔丁基丙二酸酯(134μL,0.6mmol)加入至1,3-二苯基-3-烯丙醇乙酸酯(50.4mg,0.2mmol),[Pd(C3H5)Cl]2(3.7mg,0.01mmol),轴手性有机膦配体化合物7-1-1(11.9mg,0.02mmol)和Cs2CO3(195.6mg,0.6mmol)的无水甲苯溶液中,置于80℃油浴搅拌2小时,反应完全后将反应液用乙酸乙酯(6mL)稀释和饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭(6mL),水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×6mL),合并有机相并用食盐水(10mL)洗涤,有机相用硫酸镁干燥,浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到9b所示的目标产物,产率80%,ee值99%(通过HPLC测定:Chiralpak IA柱,10/90i-PrOH/hexane,1.0mL/min,T=30℃,254nm;TR=5.02min(major),6.75min(minor));1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.31–7.23(m,8H),7.22–7.15(m,2H),6.45(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),6.33(dd,J=15.5,8.0Hz,1H),4.19–4.12(m,1H),3.74(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),1.41(s,9H),1.21(s,9H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ167.2,166.7,140.7,136.9,131.1,130.0,128.4(3),128.3(7),128.1,127.3,126.8,126.2,81.7,81.4,59.3,49.0,27.9,27.5。
为了更好的理解本发明的轴手性三氮唑化合物的稳定性和旋转能垒与取代基的大小之间的关系,发明人在标准条件下(实施例18c)合成不同脂肪烃取代的轴手性三氮唑化合物,并对其旋转能垒进行了理论计算,见下式。通过对比旋转能垒,发明人发现随着脂肪烃取代基的基团不断增大,三氮唑的旋转能垒也在增加。有趣的是,相应ee值表现出相似的变化。
Figure BDA0003592736850000251
典型产物表征数据:
化合物3bd:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.40(s,1H),7.93–7.84(m,2H),7.84–7.76(m,2H),7.65(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.42(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.39–7.29(m,2H),7.29–7.18(m,2H),7.13–7.04(m,1H),6.86(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.78(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),5.67(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),1.99(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.2,141.8,133.0,132.6,131.6,130.8,130.4,129.8,128.4,128.3,127.7,127.1,126.8,126.3,125.7,124.8,123.0,122.9(9),122.6,118.0,105.5,49.9,10.5;HRESIMS Calcd for[C24H20N3O]+(M+H+)366.1601,found 366.1621。
化合物3Q:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.41(s,2H),7.91–7.76(m,4H),7.68(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=7.0Hz,4H),7.36–7.24(m,4H),7.21–7.08(m,8H),7.00(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.59(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.41(s,2H),5.70(d,J=15.5Hz,2H),5.41(d,J=15.5Hz,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.5,144.2,132.4,132.1,131.2,130.6,130.5,129.3,128.5,128.2,127.7,127.5,127.1,126.0,125.2,123.7,123.0,122.2,118.1,105.8,49.6;HRESIMS Calcd for[C48H35N6O2]+(M+H+)727.2816,found 727.2823。
化合物3R:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.57–7.36(m,5H),7.31(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.24–7.14(m,3H),7.12–7.02(m,3H),6.85(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.21–3.96(m,3H),3.91–3.79(m,1H),2.37(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.3,146.1,145.1,132.7,132.5,132.0,129.8,129.7,128.8,128.5,128.4,128.3,128.1,127.9,127.8,126.0,124.0,123.0,119.27,105.1,66.3,46.7,21.6;HRESIMS Calcdfor[C27H24N3O4S]+(M+H+)486.1482,found 486.1435。
化合物3T:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.45(s,1H),7.94(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.40–7.18(m,11H),7.04(d,J=8.0Hz,1H);13CNMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.9,144.8,136.4,133.0,132.1,130.9,129.2,129.1(6),128.6,128.5,127.8,127.7,127.6,125.5,124.0,123.3,122.5,118.1,106.0;HRESIMS Calcd for[C24H18N3O]+(M+H+)364.1444,found 364.1447。
化合物3V:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.35(s,1H),8.02(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.44–7.35(m,3H),7.35–7.27(m,2H),7.21–7.10(m,3H),6.95(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.69(t,J=11.5Hz,1H),2.07(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),1.98–1.88(m,2H),1.81–1.61(m,3H),1.51(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),1.22–1.06(m,2H),1.01–0.88(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.6,143.6,133.1,132.1,131.5,128.5,128.4(6),128.1,127.8,127.7,127.3,125.3,123.4,122.4,118.3,106.1,57.5,32.8,32.7,24.8,24.7,24.6;HRESIMSCalcd for[C24H24N3O]+(M+H+)370.1914,found 370.1918。
化合物3W:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.93(s,1H),7.89(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.24–7.16(m,1H),7.10(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.07–6.96(m,6H),6.76(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),3.96–3.79(m,1H),3.77–3.60(m,1H),2.83–2.70(m,1H),2.68–2.57(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.5,146.0,136.9,132.6,132.5,130.0,128.7,128.5,128.4,128.3,127.9,127.7,127.6,126.7,126.2,123.8123.1,119.5,105.6,49.5,35.5;HRESIMS Calcd for[C26H22N3O]+(M+H+)392.1757,found 392.1759。
化合物5a:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.62(s,1H),7.88(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.33–7.24(m,2H),7.22–7.09(m,4H),6.83–6.75(m,3H),6.72(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.62–6.54(m,4H),6.38(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.62(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),5.45(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),4.69(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),4.60(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),3.64(s,3H),3.48(s,2H),1.96(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ171.6,154.6,153.9,145.9,135.3,133.4,133.3,132.3,132.2,130.8,129.8,129.4,128.8(1),128.7(7),128.5,128.4(4),128.4(0),128.2,128.0,127.9,127.8,127.0,126.4,125.7,125.6,124.4,123.5,123.0,122.9,119.5,110.9,106.0,103.9,100.0,65.7,55.7,51.2,30.4,11.4;HRESIMS Calcd for[C42H35N4O4]+(M+H+)659.2653,found 659.2646。

Claims (10)

1.一种轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体,其特征在于,结构式如式3-1或3-2所示:
Figure FDA0003592736840000011
式中,R1表示所连接环上的取代基,m=0,1,2,3,4,5,6的整数,n=0,1,2,3,4的整数;R1彼此独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、C1-20烷基、C1-20烷氧基、C1-20烷硫基、C1-20酰基、C1-20烷氧羰基、C1-20卤代烷基、C1-20卤代烷氧基、C1-20酰氧基、C6-20芳基、C3-20环烷基、C2-20杂芳基、-CN、-NO2
R2选自C1-20烷基、C3-20环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-20芳基、取代或未取代的C2-20杂芳基、C1-20甲硅烷基;
R3选自取代或未取代的C1-20烷基、取代或未取代的C6-20芳基、取代或未取代的C2-20杂芳基、C3-20环烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体,其特征在于,R1表示所连接环上的取代基,m=0,1,2,3,4,5,6的整数,n=0,1,2,3,4的整数;R1彼此独立地选自氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、甲硫基、甲氧羰基、乙酰基;
R2选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、环丙基、三甲基硅基、二茂铁基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、噻吩基、萘基;
R3选自对甲苯磺酰氧基甲基,苯基,环己基,苯乙基,苄基,萘甲基,蒽甲基,芘甲基,菲甲基,苯并呋喃基甲基,苯并噻吩基甲基,被选自卤素、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、-CN、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、乙酰基、甲氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、环丙基中的一个或多个所取代的吲哚甲基或萘甲基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体,具体结构如下:
Figure FDA0003592736840000021
Figure FDA0003592736840000031
Figure FDA0003592736840000041
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体的制备方法,其特征在于,通过式1-1或式1-2的内炔烃类化合物与式2所示的叠氮化合物反应制备得到,合成路线如下:
Figure FDA0003592736840000042
其中R1-R3,m,n如权利要求1-3任意一项所定义;具体制备步骤如下:
(1)[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L加入至有机溶剂中,-25~25℃条件下搅拌反应;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应液中加入式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物,继续搅拌反应至反应完全;
(3)纯化处理得到式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体;
其中,所述亚磷酰胺配体L选自如下L4~L8所示结构的亚磷酰胺化合物或其对映异构体:
Figure FDA0003592736840000051
步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯、甲苯、二氯乙烷中的任意一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求4所这的方法,其特征在于,所述亚磷酰胺配体L选自L8;
和/或,步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷或甲苯;
和/或,所述反应中添加
Figure FDA0003592736840000052
分子筛;
和/或,步骤(2)中所述向步骤(1)的反应液中加入式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物的操作为:将式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物溶于有机溶剂中,加入
Figure FDA0003592736840000053
分子筛得到料液,随后将料液加入到步骤(1)的反应液中;其中所述的有机溶剂与步骤(1)中有机溶剂相同;
和/或,式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物、式2所示叠氮化合物、[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L的投料摩尔比为1:(1~3):(0.01~0.1):(0.01~0.2);
和/或,步骤(1)中反应温度为0-25℃;反应时间为5min~2小时;步骤(2)中继续搅拌反应的反应温度为0-25℃,反应完全需要的反应时间为0.5~72小时。
6.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物的应用,其特征在于,应用于制备具有如下式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示的结构的轴手性膦配体:
Figure FDA0003592736840000061
其中R1~R3,m,n如权利要求1-3任意一项所定义。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,制备路线如下:
Figure FDA0003592736840000062
和/或,
Figure FDA0003592736840000071
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述轴手性膦配体具有如下结构:
Figure FDA0003592736840000072
9.根据权利要求6-8中任意一项所述的轴手性膦配体的用途,其特征在于,应用于钯催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应中。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其特征在于,反应式如下:
Figure FDA0003592736840000073
其中,所述的轴手性有机膦配体为
Figure FDA0003592736840000074
R为叔丁基。
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