CN114957140A - 一种轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114957140A CN114957140A CN202210383453.1A CN202210383453A CN114957140A CN 114957140 A CN114957140 A CN 114957140A CN 202210383453 A CN202210383453 A CN 202210383453A CN 114957140 A CN114957140 A CN 114957140A
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- -1 1,2, 3-triazole compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000008300 phosphoramidites Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims description 6
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006651 (C3-C20) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000000177 1,2,3-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004438 haloalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 4
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006579 Tsuji-Trost allylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006301 indolyl methyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNN=1 QWENRTYMTSOGBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006736 Huisgen cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006352 cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002114 high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010958 [3+2] cycloaddition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FANCTJAFZSYTIS-IQUVVAJASA-N (1r,3s,5z)-5-[(2e)-2-[(1r,3as,7ar)-7a-methyl-1-[(2r)-4-(phenylsulfonimidoyl)butan-2-yl]-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)[C@@H]1[C@]2(CCCC(/[C@@H]2CC1)=C\C=C\1C([C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C/1)=C)C)CS(=N)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FANCTJAFZSYTIS-IQUVVAJASA-N 0.000 description 2
- LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=CC(OC)=C1 LKUDPHPHKOZXCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGYYIKRJMUBCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)C#CC1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)O Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)C#CC1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)O JGYYIKRJMUBCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012156 elution solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
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- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic anhydride Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WJKHJLXJJJATHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SHAHPWSYJFYMRX-GDLCADMTSA-N (2S)-2-(4-{[(1R,2S)-2-hydroxycyclopentyl]methyl}phenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC([C@@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)CCC1 SHAHPWSYJFYMRX-GDLCADMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001399 1,2,3-triazolyl group Chemical group N1N=NC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006176 2-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- MBQSCJVKBSJAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphanylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1P MBQSCJVKBSJAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCJVBDBJSMFBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-diphenylphosphanylbutyl(diphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCCCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BCJVBDBJSMFBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)pent-4-en-2-one Chemical group CC(=C)CC(=O)Cc1c(C)cc(C)cc1C UQRONKZLYKUEMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical class [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUMCIHKVKQYNPA-RUZDIDTESA-N C1(CCCCC1)CN1[C@@H](C=2N(C=3C=NC(=NC1=3)NC1=C(C=C(C(=O)NC3CCN(CC3)C)C=C1)OC)C(=NN=2)C)CC Chemical compound C1(CCCCC1)CN1[C@@H](C=2N(C=3C=NC(=NC1=3)NC1=C(C=C(C(=O)NC3CCN(CC3)C)C=C1)OC)C(=NN=2)C)CC QUMCIHKVKQYNPA-RUZDIDTESA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010499 C–H functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YFPJFKYCVYXDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenylphosphine oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YFPJFKYCVYXDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005103 alkyl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- CLPHAYNBNTVRDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl propanedioate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C CLPHAYNBNTVRDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004625 phenanthrolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=C3C=CC=NC3=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001484 phenothiazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2SC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001644 phenoxazinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2OC3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001725 pyrenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NECLQTPQJZSWOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound C1CCCCC21CCCCC2 NECLQTPQJZSWOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004587 thienothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CS2)* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004306 triazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种轴手性1,2,3‑三唑类化合物及其制备方法和应用,特别是发展了一种对映体选择性Rh‑催化的叠氮化物‑内炔烃环加成反应(E‑RhAAC)用于构建轴手性1,2,3‑三唑类化合物的合成策略,具有高度区域和对映体选择性。通过内炔烃和叠氮化物的催化不对称[3+2]环加成反应,首次披露了轴手性的催化不对称合成,1,2,3‑三唑直接充当具有挑战性的5元阻转异构体的核心手性单元,底物适应范围宽泛。反应机理研究表明,E‑RhAAC优异的区域选择性是由氢键介导。此外,本发明的轴手性1,2,3‑三唑类化合物进一步衍生为轴手性膦配体,可以作为手性配体应用于钯催化的烯丙基烷基化反应。
Description
技术领域
本申请属于有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
自Meldal和Sharpless实验室分别独立地披露了Cu(I)-催化的叠氮-炔烃环加成(CuACC)以来(Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2001,40,2004-2021;J.Org.Chem.2002,67,3057-3064;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2002,41,2596-2599.),CuACC的合成策略由于其高效性、原子经济性和可以模块化地构建含1,4-二取代1,2,3-三唑类化合物的显著优势,在化学生物学、材料科学、聚合物化学和药物化学领域呈现出巨大的潜力和爆发式的增长。与前述现有技术已经充分开发的制备消旋体的CuAAC合成策略相比,不对称催化炔烃和叠氮化合物的[3+2]环加成反应仍然是一个巨大的挑战(ACSCatal.2016,6,3629-3636.),这是由于炔烃和叠氮化合物的线性几何结构、环加成的复杂机制、以及这样的反应并不涉及新的手性中心的形成(Chem.Rev.2016,116,14726-14768;Science2016,340,457-460;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,5378-5386.)。尽管现有技术对于对映选择性-CuAAC(E-CuAAC)的合成策略也有报道,但是这些研究均是基于末端炔烃和手性底物(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2013,135,10994-10997;Chem.Sci.2020,11,97-106;Org.Lett.2020,22,1270-1274;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2021,60,8488-8493;J.Org.Chem.2020,40,3065-3077),而对于内炔烃和叠氮化物的不对称[3+2]环加成反应则少有报道。据发明人所知,仅Zhou等人的研究首次披露了使用1-碘代炔烃作为特定的内炔烃与前手性的叠氮底物实现了不对称[3+2]环加成反应,以高收率和优异的对映体选择性得到含有1,2,3-三唑的季醇(Org.Lett.2020,22,1270-1274)。近来,Topczewski课题组披露了通过动态动力学拆分对对映选择性-Ni催化的[3+2]前手性叠氮化物和内炔烃环加成,但在区域和对映体控制方面的结果并不令人满意(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2021,143,5308-5313)。更重要的是,通过内炔烃和叠氮化物的催化对映选择性环加成,以1,2,3-三唑作为直接手性单元的C-C轴向手性的转角选择性构建仍然有待探索并且意义十分重大。
由于轴手性骨架作为核心骨架结构广泛地存在于天然产物、手性配体/催化剂和生物学相关化合物,构建获得轴手性骨架已经成为现代有机合成中一个重要的课题并且已经取得了显著的进展,现有技术已经开发了许多用于构建轴向手性六元(杂)联芳基化合物的有前景的合成策略(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2021,143,12924-12929;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2020,142,7322-7327;Nat.Catal.2019,2,314-232;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2020,59,3568–3572)。形成鲜明对比的是,由于相对较低的旋转势垒和不稳定的构型(Chem.-Eur.J.2020,26,15779-15792),对映体选择性催化合成带有五元杂环的阻转异构体的合成策略仍然少见。与现有技术报道的其它具有C-C手性轴5-元(杂)双芳基骨架合成策略相比,以原子经济的方式直接构建获得轴手性1,2,3-三唑化合物的方法仍然受限,而这是十分具有挑战性和吸引力的(J.Am.Chem.Soc.2020,142,2161-2167;Catal.Sci.Technol.2017,7,4830-4841;Eur.J.Org.Chem.2018,2018,2267-2272;Chem.2020,6,2046-2059;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,13443-1344;Nat.Chem.2018,10,58-64;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,15104-15110;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,3014-3020;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2017,56,116-121;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,1494-1498;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2019,58,9215-9219;Angew.Chem.,Int.Ed.2021,60,16628-16633;J.Am.Chem.Soc.2019,141,9527-9532;Nat.Commun.2022,13,632;ACSCatal.2019,9,1956-1961)。因此,发明人设想可以通过过渡金属催化的内炔烃和叠氮化物的[3+2]环加成,将1,2,3-三唑作为阻转异构体的核心手性单元引入,从而实现区域和对映选择性构建,以实用且简洁的方式获得C-C轴向手性1,2,3-三唑骨架。
发明内容
本发明发展了一种对映体选择性Rh-催化的叠氮化物-内炔烃环加成反应(E-RhAAC)用于构建轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物的合成策略,具有高度区域和对映体选择性。通过内炔烃和叠氮化物的催化不对称[3+2]环加成反应,首次披露了轴手性的催化不对称合成。重要的是,与之前涉及C-H活化的方法相比,1,2,3-三唑直接充当具有挑战性的5元阻转异构体的核心手性单元,以优异的原子经济的方式通过内部炔烃的E-RhAAC途径。反应机理研究表明,E-RhAAC优异的区域选择性是由氢键介导。以及该合成策略具有区域选择性和对映选择性高、条件温和、操作简单和底物范围广等特点。此外,本发明的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物进一步衍生为轴手性膦配体,可以作为手性配体应用于钯催化的烯丙基烷基化反应。
作为本发明的第一个方面,本发明提供了如下轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体,结构式如式3-1或3-2所示:
式中,R1表示所连接环上的取代基,m=0,1,2,3,4,5,6的整数,n=0,1,2,3,4的整数;R1彼此独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、C1-20烷基、C1-20烷氧基、C1-20烷硫基、C1-20酰基、C1-20烷氧羰基、C1-20卤代烷基、C1-20卤代烷氧基、C1-20酰氧基、C6-20芳基、C3-20环烷基、C2-20杂芳基、-CN、-NO2。
R2选自C1-20烷基、C3-20环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-20芳基、取代或未取代的C2-20杂芳基、C1-20甲硅烷基。
R3选自取代或未取代的C1-20烷基、取代或未取代的C6-20芳基、取代或未取代的C2-20杂芳基、C3-20环烷基。
在本说明书的任意部分中,术语“卤素”可包括氟、氯、溴、碘。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的烷基(包括本文中具有烷基部分的取代基,如C1-20烷氧基、C1-20烷硫基、C1-20酰基、C1-20烷氧羰基、C1-20卤代烷基、C1-20卤代烷氧基、C1-20酰氧基、C6-20芳基-C1-20烷基,C6-20芳基-C1-20烷氧基等)可为直链或支链的类型,烷基的碳数可进一步优选为1至6,更进一步优选为1至3。烷基可包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、2-乙基丁基、3,3-二甲基丁基、正戊基、异戊基、新戊基、正己基、1-甲基己基、2-乙基己基、2-丁基己基、正庚基、正辛基、正壬基、正癸基、正十一烷基或正十二烷基等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的芳基(包括本文中具有芳基部分的取代基,如C6-20芳基磺酰基,C6-20芳基磺酰氧基、C6-20芳基-C1-20烷基,C6-20芳基-C1-20烷氧基等)可为单环或多环芳基,用于形成芳基的碳原子数目可进一步优选为6至18、6至14或6至12。芳基的实例可包括苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基、芴基、联苯基、三联苯基、苯并菲基、芘基、基、荧蒽基等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的环烷基可为单环或多环环烷基,用于形成环烷基的碳原子数目可进一步优选为3至12、3至8或3至6。环烷基的实例可包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、金刚烷基、二环[3.2.1]辛烷、螺[5.5]十一烷等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的杂芳基可为单环或多环杂芳基,杂芳基中杂原子可为包括O、N、P、Si和S中的至少一个,用于形成杂芳基的碳数可进一步优选为2至18,2至12,2至8或2至6。杂芳基的实例可包括噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、咪唑基、噻唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、三唑基、吡啶基、联吡啶基、嘧啶基、三嗪基、吖啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、喹啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、吩噁嗪基、吩噻嗪基、吡啶并嘧啶基、吡啶并吡嗪基、异喹啉基、吲哚基、咔唑基、苯并噁唑基、苯并咪唑基、苯并噻唑基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、菲咯啉基、噻唑基、异噁唑基、噻二唑基、二苯并呋喃基、噻吩并噻吩基等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,具有所示碳原子数目的甲硅烷基可包括烷基甲硅烷基和芳基甲硅烷基。甲硅烷基的实例可包括三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基、丙基二甲基甲硅烷基、三苯基甲硅烷基、二苯基甲基甲硅烷基、苯基二甲基甲硅烷基等。
在本说明书的任意部分中,术语“取代或未取代的”中的取代基选自以下基团中的一个或多个:氘,卤素原子,-CN,-NO2,C1-20烷基,C1-20烷氧基,C1-20烷硫基,C1-20酰基,C1-20烷氧羰基,C1-20卤代烷基,C1-20卤代烷氧基,C1-20酰氧基,C6-20芳基,C3-20环烷基,C2-20杂芳基,C6-20芳基磺酰基,C6-20芳基磺酰氧基、C6-20芳基-C1-20烷基,C6-20芳基-C1-20烷氧基,和/或被选自卤素、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、-CN、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、乙酰基、甲氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、环丙基中的一个或多个所取代的C6-20芳基、C3-20环烷基、C2-20杂芳基、C6-20芳基磺酰基、C6-20芳基磺酰氧基, 等。
优选地,R1表示所连接环上的取代基,m=0,1,2,3,4,5,6的整数,n=0,1,2,3,4的整数;R1彼此独立地选自氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、甲硫基、甲氧羰基、乙酰基。
R2选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、环丙基、三甲基硅基、二茂铁基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、噻吩基、萘基。
R3选自对甲苯磺酰氧基甲基,苯基,环己基,苯乙基,苄基,萘甲基,蒽甲基,芘甲基,菲甲基,苯并呋喃基甲基,苯并噻吩基甲基,被选自卤素、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、-CN、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、乙酰基、甲氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、环丙基中的一个或多个所取代的吲哚甲基或萘甲基。
进一步优选地,本发明涉及如下轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体:
作为本发明的第二个方面,本发明提供了一种本发明前述的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体的制备方法,其特征在于通过式1-1或式1-2的内炔烃类化合物与式2所示的叠氮化合物反应制备得到,合成路线如下:
其中R1-R3,m,n如本文前这所定义。
根据本发明的制备方法,其操作如下:
(1)[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L加入至有机溶剂中,-25~25℃条件下搅拌反应;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应液中加入式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物,继续搅拌反应至反应完全;
(3)纯化处理得到式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体。
根据本发明的制备方法,其中所述亚磷酰胺配体L选自如下L4~L8所示结构的亚磷酰胺化合物或其对映异构体:
根据本发明的制备方法,步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯、甲苯、二氯乙烷中的任意一种或几种;优选地为二氯甲烷或甲苯。
根据本发明的制备方法,进一步包括所述反应中添加分子筛,分子筛的加入有助于进一步提高目标产物产率和产品的对映体选择性。分子筛与总有机溶剂的用量比例为1g:10~100mL,优选地为1g:25~50mL。
根据本发明的制备方法,其中步骤(2)中所述向步骤(1)的反应液中加入式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物的操作为:将式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物溶于有机溶剂中,加入分子筛得到料液,随后将料液加入到步骤(1)的反应液中。其中所述的有机溶剂与步骤(1)中有机溶剂相同或不同,选自二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯、甲苯、二氯乙烷中的任意一种或几种;优选地为二氯甲烷或甲苯。
根据本发明的制备方法,其中式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物、式2所示叠氮化合物、[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L的投料摩尔比为1:(1~3):(0.01~0.1):(0.01~0.2);优选地,式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物、式2所示叠氮化合物、[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L的投料摩尔比为1:2:0.02~0.04:0.05~0.1。
根据本发明的制备方法,步骤(1)中反应温度优选地为0-25℃,最优选为10-25℃;反应时间为5min~2小时,优选为0.5小时;步骤(2)中继续搅拌反应的反应温度为0-25℃,最优选为10-25℃;反应完全需要的反应时间为0.5~72小时。
根据本发明的制备方法,步骤(3)所示纯化处理操作如下:将反应液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析分离得到式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体,其中硅胶柱层析分离的洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂。
作为本发明的第三个方面,本发明提供了一种由本发明前述式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物为合成中间体的应用,其应用于制备具有如下式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示的结构的轴手性膦配体:
根据本发明提供的一种由本发明前述式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物作为合成中间体的应用,其应用于制备具有如下式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示的结构的轴手性膦配体,具体地,合成路线如下:
或者,
具有式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示结构的轴手性有机膦配体的应用,其作为配体应用于不对称催化反应中。优选地,应用于钯催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应中。
根据本发明前述的具有式6-1,式6-2,式7-1,式7-2所示的结构的轴手性膦配体的应用,其中,所述钯催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应具体如下:
本发明较之现有技术具有如下的优点:
(1)本发明实现了铑催化内炔烃与叠氮的分子间不对称[3+2]环加成反应,为首例内炔烃的E-RhAAC反应合成轴手性三氮唑化合物。
(2)本发明制备轴手性三氮唑化合物的方法反应条件温和,具有原子经济性高、高区域选择性和高对映选择性的优点;同时,利用该策略也可以高效高选择性地合成复杂轴手性三氮唑化合物(化合物5a-5h)。
(3)本发明制备的轴手性三氮唑化合物作为合成中间体,可以便捷地经由现有技术已知方法应用于直接合成相应的有机膦配体,该有机膦配体可以广泛地应用于不对称催化反应,例如钯催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物3l单晶结构衍射图。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例,对本发明作进一步地详述。在下文中,如无特殊说明,所使用的方法均为本领域的常规方法,所使用的试剂均可以由本领域常规商业途径购买获得和/或经由现有技术已知方法制备获得。
实施例1-19反应条件优化试验
以式1a所示的1-苯乙炔基-2-萘酚和式2a所示的萘-1-甲基叠氮为模板底物,对反应条件进行优化,典型优化试验结果汇总于表1中,反应式如下:
表1:
a基本反应条件:1a(0.05mmol),2a(2equiv),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(2mol%),配体(5mol%),溶剂(1.0mL);产率基于1,3,5-三甲氧基苯为内标经1H NMR分析确定,ee值经HPLC分析确定;b分子筛加入量为20mg;c分离产率通过将反应放大4倍(式1a,0.2mmol规模)确定。
其中,配体L1~L8结构如下:
以实施例18c为例,本发明反应的典型试验操作如下:
[Rh(COD)Cl]2(0.004mmol,1.9mg)和配体L8(0.01mmol,7.6mg)加入至甲苯(2mL)中,10℃搅拌反应0.5小时得到反应液。随后,式1a所示的1-苯乙炔基-2-萘酚(0.2mmol,48.8mg)和式2a所示的萘-1-甲基叠氮(0.4mmol,73.2mg)的甲苯(2mL)溶液加入分子筛(80mg),搅拌均匀后加入至前述反应液中,保持反应温度为10℃条件下反应10小时,经TLC监测反应完全,将反应液浓缩得到残余物,再将残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到71.8mg纯净的式3a所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物。分离产率84%,浅黄色固体(mp222-224℃),[α]D 20=+89°(c=1.0,CHCl3).93%ee(经HPLC测定:ChiralpakASH柱,15/85i-PrOH/正己烷,1.0mL/min,254nm;TR=14.24min(主要),18.05min(少量的))。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.44(s,1H),8.02–7.94(m,2H),7.86–7.77(m,2H),7.67(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.48–7.33(m,5H),7.25–7.12(m,4H),7.07(t,J=7.6Hz,2H),6.74(dd,J=22.0,7.6Hz,2H),5.84(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),5.67(d,J=15.2Hz,1H);13C NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.5,144.3,133.1,132.5,132.1,131.2,130.6,130.2,129.3,128.5,128.4,128.3,127.8,127.5,127.3,127.2,126.3,125.7,125.2,124.8,123.2,123.1,122.3,118.1,105.9,49.9;HRESIMS Calcd for[C29H22N3O]+(M+H+)428.1757,found 428.1753。
进一步地,以配体L8的对映异构体L8’作为配体进行实施例18c的反应,得到64.1mg纯净的式3a’所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物产率75%,[α]D 20=-80°(c=1.0,CHCl3).92%ee(经HPLC测定:Chiralpak ASH柱,15/85i-PrOH/hexane,1.0mL/min,254nm;TR=14.32min(少量),17.39min(主要))。
在获得最佳催化反应条件(实施例18c)的基础上,发明人对反应的底物普适性进行了考察。发明人发现对于不同取代的内炔烃底物在反应体系中均表现出非常良好的官能团容忍性,以良好到出色的产率和优秀的对映选择性得到轴手性三氮唑化合物,并且表现出专一的区域选择性,反应式及结果如下所示:
a基本反应条件:1(0.2mmol),2a(0.4mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(2mol%),L8(5mol%),MS(80mg),甲苯(4mL),10℃;产率基于分离得到的目标产物计算;ee值通过HPLC分析测定。b[Rh(COD)Cl]2(4mol%),L8(10mol%)。c[Rh(COD)Cl]2(4mol%),L8(10mol%),25℃。
对于不同取代的叠氮,发明人也进行了深入的考察。对于不同的萘环叠氮、杂环叠氮、稠环叠氮和脂肪链取代的叠氮均可以很好进行不对称的[3+2]环加成反应,构建轴手性三氮唑化合物。有意思的是,当采用双叠氮底物时,反应经历了两次不对称[3+2]环加成反应,得到相应的双C-C轴手性产物,且没有观察到内消旋产物,反应式及结果如下所示:
标准合成条件下(实施例18c)其它有代表性的叠氮类化合物的适应性研究:
值得一提的是,利用本发明的合成策略也可以高效高选择性地合成复杂轴手性三氮唑化合物,反应式及结果如下:
a基本反应条件:4(0.2mmol),2a(0.4mmol),[Rh(COD)Cl]2(4mol%),L8(10mol%),MS(80mg),甲苯(4mL),10℃,产率基于分离得到的目标产物计算;ee值通过HPLC分析测定。b[Rh(COD)Cl]2(8mol%),L8(20mol%)。cDCM作为反应溶剂。d反应温度为25℃。
工艺放大试验及产物的衍生化试验
为了进一步说明本发明反应的实用性,发明人对产物进行了克量级反应和衍生化试验。如下述反应式,在本发明标准条件下,得到1.03g模型产物。重结晶之后,模型产物的对映体过量值达到99%。衍生化试验表明,本发明的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物作为合成中间体,可以便捷地获得所需要的轴手性有机膦配体化合物,反应式表示如下:
具体合成步骤如下:
轴手性有机膦配体化合物6-1-1的制备:向2-二苯基膦基苯甲酸(0.22mmol,67.3mg)的二氯甲烷(2mL)溶液中,加入化合物3a(0.2mmol,85.6mg),DCC(0.24mmol,49.4mg)和4-DMAP(0.02mmol,2.4mg),随后将反应液在室温下反应8小时,原料消耗完全,将反应液经硅藻土垫过滤,滤液浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到136mg轴手性有机膦配体化合物6-1-1,产率95%,[α]D 20=-45°(c=1.0,CHCl3).99%ee(通过HPLC测定:Chiralpak IB柱,20/80i-PrOH/hexane,1.0mL/min,254nm,25℃;TR=18.65min(major),22.80min(minor));1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95–7.90(m,1H),7.86(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.58–7.51(m,2H),7.48–7.44(m,2H),7.38–7.27(m,12H),7.25–7.21(m,3H),7.19–7.14(m,2H),7.12–7.05(m,3H),6.94–6.88(m,1H),6.72–6.63(m,2H),6.50(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),6.38(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.68(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),5.23(d,J=15.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ164.6(d,J=2.3Hz),147.7,146.3,141.8(d,J=28.1Hz),137.5(d,J=9.6Hz),137.3(d,J=11.9Hz),134.2,134.0(d,J=20.9Hz),133.8(d,J=20.6Hz),133.3,132.8,132.0,131.4(d,J=15.8Hz),131.5,131.1(0),131.0(6),130.5,129.0,128.8(d,J=5.4Hz),128.7(d,J=7.6Hz),128.6(d,J=3.4Hz),128.5(d,J=5.4Hz),128.4,128.3,128.1,127.7,127.1,126.8,126.4,126.0,125.8,125.5,124.2,123.8,123.2,121.5,116.7,51.2;31P NMR(202MHz,CDCl3)δ-4.2;HRESIMS Calcd for[C48H35N3O2P]+(M+H+)716.2461,found 716.2465。
轴手性有机膦配体化合物7-1-1的制备:
在氮气、0℃条件下,三氟甲磺酸酐(2.4mmol,0.4mL)滴加至化合物3a(0.8mmol,342mg)的吡啶(2mL)溶液中,滴加完成后将反应液升至室温搅拌反应5小时,反应完全后将反应液用HCl淬灭(6M,10mL),乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,将残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到3aa所示的三氟甲磺酸酯,产率91%。
在氮气、室温条件下,Pd(OAc)2(0.1mmol,22.5mg),dppb(0.13mmol,52mg)的DMSO(1.5mL)剧烈搅拌1小时,加入化合物3aa(0.5mmol,280mg)的DMSO溶液,随后加入DIPEA(2mmol,0.35mL)和二苯基膦氧(1mmol,202mg),加热至100℃反应10小时。反应完全后冷却至室温,加水淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,将残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到式3ab所示的氧化膦中间产物,产率73%。
三氯硅烷(4mmol,0.4mL)和iPr2NEt(6mmol,1mL)加入至式3ab所示的氧化膦中间产物(0.2mmol)的甲苯(2mL)溶液中,在氮气和100℃条件下搅拌反应,经TLC监测反应完全(约4小时),反应完全后将反应液用氢氧化钠(1M,10mL)淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取(3×10mL),加入硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液减压蒸馏,将残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到88.2mg式7-1-1所示的轴手性有机膦配体化合物,产率74%。白色固体(mp 156-158℃).[α]D 20=+57°(c=1.0,CHCl3).99%ee(通过HPLC测定:Chiralpak IA柱,40/60i-PrOH/hexane,1.0mL/min,254nm,60℃;TR=5.22min(minor),6.67min(major));1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.97–7.92(m,1H),7.83(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.66(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.62–7.57(m,1H),7.41–7.30(m,9H),7.25–7.21(m,1H),7.18–7.14(m,2H),7.08–7.03(m,1H),7.01–6.89(m,7H),6.71–6.63(m,2H),6.50–6.42(m,2H),6.06(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),5.29(d,J=15.0Hz,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ146.4(d,J=2.6Hz),137.9(d,J=14Hz),136.4(d,J=11.2Hz),134.9(d,J=10.4Hz),133.8(d,J=19.6Hz),133.7(d,J=19.3Hz),133.4,133.0,132.4(d,J=6.5Hz),132.1(d,J=33.1Hz),131.4(d,J=7.9Hz),131.1,130.7,130.2,129.3,128.9,128.8(d,J=6.6Hz),128.7,128.4,128.2(d,J=7.3Hz),128.0,127.6(7)(d,J=5.8),127.6(4),127.2,126.9,126.8,126.5,125.8,125.6,124.5,124.2,123.3,51.6;31P NMR(202MHz,CDCl3)δ-13.1;HRESIMS Calcd for[C41H31N3P]+(M+H+)596.2250,found596.2249。
本发明轴手性有机膦配体化合物的应用试验
为了进一步验证本发明中轴手性有机膦配体化合物的用途,发明人设计了如下试验,即将本发明的轴手性有机膦配体化合物6-1-1和7-1-1应用于钯催化的不对称烯丙基化反应中,反应式如下:
以化合物9b的合成为例,具体实验操作如下:
在氮气条件下,将二叔丁基丙二酸酯(134μL,0.6mmol)加入至1,3-二苯基-3-烯丙醇乙酸酯(50.4mg,0.2mmol),[Pd(C3H5)Cl]2(3.7mg,0.01mmol),轴手性有机膦配体化合物7-1-1(11.9mg,0.02mmol)和Cs2CO3(195.6mg,0.6mmol)的无水甲苯溶液中,置于80℃油浴搅拌2小时,反应完全后将反应液用乙酸乙酯(6mL)稀释和饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭(6mL),水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×6mL),合并有机相并用食盐水(10mL)洗涤,有机相用硫酸镁干燥,浓缩,残余物经硅胶柱层析分离(洗脱溶剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯)得到9b所示的目标产物,产率80%,ee值99%(通过HPLC测定:Chiralpak IA柱,10/90i-PrOH/hexane,1.0mL/min,T=30℃,254nm;TR=5.02min(major),6.75min(minor));1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.31–7.23(m,8H),7.22–7.15(m,2H),6.45(d,J=15.5Hz,1H),6.33(dd,J=15.5,8.0Hz,1H),4.19–4.12(m,1H),3.74(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),1.41(s,9H),1.21(s,9H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ167.2,166.7,140.7,136.9,131.1,130.0,128.4(3),128.3(7),128.1,127.3,126.8,126.2,81.7,81.4,59.3,49.0,27.9,27.5。
为了更好的理解本发明的轴手性三氮唑化合物的稳定性和旋转能垒与取代基的大小之间的关系,发明人在标准条件下(实施例18c)合成不同脂肪烃取代的轴手性三氮唑化合物,并对其旋转能垒进行了理论计算,见下式。通过对比旋转能垒,发明人发现随着脂肪烃取代基的基团不断增大,三氮唑的旋转能垒也在增加。有趣的是,相应ee值表现出相似的变化。
典型产物表征数据:
化合物3bd:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.40(s,1H),7.93–7.84(m,2H),7.84–7.76(m,2H),7.65(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.42(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),7.39–7.29(m,2H),7.29–7.18(m,2H),7.13–7.04(m,1H),6.86(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.78(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),5.85(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),5.67(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),1.99(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.2,141.8,133.0,132.6,131.6,130.8,130.4,129.8,128.4,128.3,127.7,127.1,126.8,126.3,125.7,124.8,123.0,122.9(9),122.6,118.0,105.5,49.9,10.5;HRESIMS Calcd for[C24H20N3O]+(M+H+)366.1601,found 366.1621。
化合物3Q:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.41(s,2H),7.91–7.76(m,4H),7.68(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.40(d,J=7.0Hz,4H),7.36–7.24(m,4H),7.21–7.08(m,8H),7.00(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),6.59(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.41(s,2H),5.70(d,J=15.5Hz,2H),5.41(d,J=15.5Hz,2H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.5,144.2,132.4,132.1,131.2,130.6,130.5,129.3,128.5,128.2,127.7,127.5,127.1,126.0,125.2,123.7,123.0,122.2,118.1,105.8,49.6;HRESIMS Calcd for[C48H35N6O2]+(M+H+)727.2816,found 727.2823。
化合物3R:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.95(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.57–7.36(m,5H),7.31(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.24–7.14(m,3H),7.12–7.02(m,3H),6.85(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.21–3.96(m,3H),3.91–3.79(m,1H),2.37(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.3,146.1,145.1,132.7,132.5,132.0,129.8,129.7,128.8,128.5,128.4,128.3,128.1,127.9,127.8,126.0,124.0,123.0,119.27,105.1,66.3,46.7,21.6;HRESIMS Calcdfor[C27H24N3O4S]+(M+H+)486.1482,found 486.1435。
化合物3T:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.45(s,1H),7.94(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.83(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.40–7.18(m,11H),7.04(d,J=8.0Hz,1H);13CNMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.9,144.8,136.4,133.0,132.1,130.9,129.2,129.1(6),128.6,128.5,127.8,127.7,127.6,125.5,124.0,123.3,122.5,118.1,106.0;HRESIMS Calcd for[C24H18N3O]+(M+H+)364.1444,found 364.1447。
化合物3V:1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ10.35(s,1H),8.02(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.44–7.35(m,3H),7.35–7.27(m,2H),7.21–7.10(m,3H),6.95(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),3.69(t,J=11.5Hz,1H),2.07(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),1.98–1.88(m,2H),1.81–1.61(m,3H),1.51(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),1.22–1.06(m,2H),1.01–0.88(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ154.6,143.6,133.1,132.1,131.5,128.5,128.4(6),128.1,127.8,127.7,127.3,125.3,123.4,122.4,118.3,106.1,57.5,32.8,32.7,24.8,24.7,24.6;HRESIMSCalcd for[C24H24N3O]+(M+H+)370.1914,found 370.1918。
化合物3W:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.93(s,1H),7.89(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.73(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.24–7.16(m,1H),7.10(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.07–6.96(m,6H),6.76(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.63(d,J=2.5Hz,2H),3.96–3.79(m,1H),3.77–3.60(m,1H),2.83–2.70(m,1H),2.68–2.57(m,1H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ154.5,146.0,136.9,132.6,132.5,130.0,128.7,128.5,128.4,128.3,127.9,127.7,127.6,126.7,126.2,123.8123.1,119.5,105.6,49.5,35.5;HRESIMS Calcd for[C26H22N3O]+(M+H+)392.1757,found 392.1759。
化合物5a:1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.62(s,1H),7.88(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.74(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.67(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.57(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.33–7.24(m,2H),7.22–7.09(m,4H),6.83–6.75(m,3H),6.72(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),6.62–6.54(m,4H),6.38(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.62(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),5.45(d,J=15.0Hz,1H),4.69(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),4.60(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),3.64(s,3H),3.48(s,2H),1.96(s,3H);13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ171.6,154.6,153.9,145.9,135.3,133.4,133.3,132.3,132.2,130.8,129.8,129.4,128.8(1),128.7(7),128.5,128.4(4),128.4(0),128.2,128.0,127.9,127.8,127.0,126.4,125.7,125.6,124.4,123.5,123.0,122.9,119.5,110.9,106.0,103.9,100.0,65.7,55.7,51.2,30.4,11.4;HRESIMS Calcd for[C42H35N4O4]+(M+H+)659.2653,found 659.2646。
Claims (10)
1.一种轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体,其特征在于,结构式如式3-1或3-2所示:
式中,R1表示所连接环上的取代基,m=0,1,2,3,4,5,6的整数,n=0,1,2,3,4的整数;R1彼此独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、C1-20烷基、C1-20烷氧基、C1-20烷硫基、C1-20酰基、C1-20烷氧羰基、C1-20卤代烷基、C1-20卤代烷氧基、C1-20酰氧基、C6-20芳基、C3-20环烷基、C2-20杂芳基、-CN、-NO2;
R2选自C1-20烷基、C3-20环烷基、取代或未取代的C6-20芳基、取代或未取代的C2-20杂芳基、C1-20甲硅烷基;
R3选自取代或未取代的C1-20烷基、取代或未取代的C6-20芳基、取代或未取代的C2-20杂芳基、C3-20环烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体,其特征在于,R1表示所连接环上的取代基,m=0,1,2,3,4,5,6的整数,n=0,1,2,3,4的整数;R1彼此独立地选自氢、氟、氯、溴、碘、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、甲硫基、甲氧羰基、乙酰基;
R2选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、环丙基、三甲基硅基、二茂铁基、取代或未取代的苯基、取代或未取代的吲哚基、苯并噻吩基、噻吩基、萘基;
R3选自对甲苯磺酰氧基甲基,苯基,环己基,苯乙基,苄基,萘甲基,蒽甲基,芘甲基,菲甲基,苯并呋喃基甲基,苯并噻吩基甲基,被选自卤素、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、三氟甲基、-CN、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、乙酰基、甲氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、环丙基中的一个或多个所取代的吲哚甲基或萘甲基。
4.根据权利要求1-3任意一项所述的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体的制备方法,其特征在于,通过式1-1或式1-2的内炔烃类化合物与式2所示的叠氮化合物反应制备得到,合成路线如下:
其中R1-R3,m,n如权利要求1-3任意一项所定义;具体制备步骤如下:
(1)[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L加入至有机溶剂中,-25~25℃条件下搅拌反应;
(2)向步骤(1)的反应液中加入式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物,继续搅拌反应至反应完全;
(3)纯化处理得到式3-1或式3-2所示的轴手性1,2,3-三唑类化合物或其对映异构体;
其中,所述亚磷酰胺配体L选自如下L4~L8所示结构的亚磷酰胺化合物或其对映异构体:
步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯苯、甲苯、二氯乙烷中的任意一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求4所这的方法,其特征在于,所述亚磷酰胺配体L选自L8;
和/或,步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂选自二氯甲烷或甲苯;
和/或,步骤(2)中所述向步骤(1)的反应液中加入式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物的操作为:将式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物和式2所示叠氮化合物溶于有机溶剂中,加入分子筛得到料液,随后将料液加入到步骤(1)的反应液中;其中所述的有机溶剂与步骤(1)中有机溶剂相同;
和/或,式1-1或式1-2所示的内炔烃类化合物、式2所示叠氮化合物、[Rh(COD)Cl]2和亚磷酰胺配体L的投料摩尔比为1:(1~3):(0.01~0.1):(0.01~0.2);
和/或,步骤(1)中反应温度为0-25℃;反应时间为5min~2小时;步骤(2)中继续搅拌反应的反应温度为0-25℃,反应完全需要的反应时间为0.5~72小时。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任意一项所述的轴手性膦配体的用途,其特征在于,应用于钯催化不对称烯丙基烷基化反应中。
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