CN114952435A - Bearing machining control method and method for determining grinding amount - Google Patents

Bearing machining control method and method for determining grinding amount Download PDF

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CN114952435A
CN114952435A CN202210456308.1A CN202210456308A CN114952435A CN 114952435 A CN114952435 A CN 114952435A CN 202210456308 A CN202210456308 A CN 202210456308A CN 114952435 A CN114952435 A CN 114952435A
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bearing
groove
locking notch
grinding
height
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CN114952435B (en
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尹延经
李文超
徐润润
韩涛
张振强
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Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24BMACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B51/00Arrangements for automatic control of a series of individual steps in grinding a workpiece
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/17Mechanical parametric or variational design
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2111/00Details relating to CAD techniques
    • G06F2111/10Numerical modelling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a control method for bearing processing and a method for determining grinding amount, belonging to the technical field of bearing processing; carry out secondary operation to the bearing according to second ditch radius of curvature and the fore shaft height of setting for, the nodical position between secondary operation and the primary operation is the fore shaft high point of secondary grinding promptly, grind according to the vertical feed volume of the emery wheel that calculates, can just guarantee that the fore shaft height that secondary operation's fore shaft high point corresponds is the fore shaft height of setting for, and carry out the grinding to the fore shaft height place ditch face of primary operation, the fore shaft high point of up to primary operation and the fore shaft high point coincidence of secondary operation, can guarantee that the channel is satisfying under the circumstances of fore shaft height, and be a complete pitch arc. The invention can directly calculate the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel which meets the height of the locking notch and is a complete arc line, and grinding is carried out according to the longitudinal feeding amount, thereby greatly improving the working efficiency.

Description

Bearing machining control method and method for determining grinding amount
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bearing machining control method and a method for determining grinding amount, and belongs to the technical field of bearing machining.
Background
In the bearing processing process, the channel grinding is an important link in the bearing processing process. In the channel grinding process, the whole machining process is not completed in one step, secondary grinding is often needed, multiple times of grinding is beneficial to reducing the deformation in the bearing machining process, but the channel position and the curvature radius of the channel cannot be completely consistent with the previous parameters in the secondary grinding process, so that the section shape of the channel is not a complete arc curve any more. During secondary grinding, the height of the locking notch is generally determined, and under the condition that the height of the locking notch and the curvature radius of the groove during secondary grinding both meet a set value, a plurality of sections of arc lines can be generated. In order to ensure that the section of the channel is a complete arc, the channel is machined again, and the height of the locking notch during secondary grinding is also ensured to be a set value in the machining process. As shown in fig. 1, when the height of the lock notch corresponding to the height of the lock notch after the secondary grinding is F ″, but the height of the lock notch corresponding to the actually preset height of the lock notch is F, so that under the condition of a large grinding amount, the height of the lock notch corresponding to the preset height of the lock notch has been ground off, and the height of the lock notch corresponding to the height of the lock notch at this time cannot meet the preset height of the lock notch, so that the lock notch needs to be processed again, which results in a decrease in the whole processing efficiency. When the height point of the locking notch corresponding to the height of the locking notch after secondary grinding is F, but the height point of the locking notch corresponding to the actually preset height of the locking notch is F ', only the bearing inclined plane where BC is needed to be ground when the grinding of the channel interface is ensured, and the height of the locking notch can be ensured to be the preset height of the locking notch after grinding to F' H ', but under the condition, the channel section is two arcs EF and FF', and the processing requirement is not met; if in order to ensure that the cross section of the channel is a complete arc line, the bearing inclined plane where the BC is located needs to be ground to the position of the FH, but the height of the locking notch in the situation is no longer the preset height of the locking notch, the machining requirement is not met, the machining needs to be carried out again, and the whole machining efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bearing machining control method and a method for determining grinding amount, which are used for solving the problem of low working efficiency in a channel grinding process.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the scheme and the beneficial effects of the invention comprise:
the invention discloses a method for determining grinding amount in bearing processing, which comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring a first groove curvature radius and a first groove curvature center of a bearing during primary processing;
2) acquiring the curvature radius of a second groove of the bearing subjected to secondary processing after primary processing, the height of a lock opening and the transverse feeding amount of the grinding wheel, and enabling the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel to be equal to the longitudinal coordinate obtained by subtracting the height of the lock opening and the position of the lock opening from the curvature radius of the second groove when the bearing is subjected to secondary processing, wherein the position of the lock opening refers to the intersection point position of the cross sections of the bearing subjected to the primary processing and the secondary processing;
3) and acquiring the position of a high point of a locking notch of the bearing during primary processing and the position of the high point of the locking notch of the bearing during secondary processing, grinding the bearing surface along the position of the high point of the locking notch during primary processing, and coinciding the position of the high point of the locking notch of the bearing during primary processing and the position of the high point of the locking notch of the bearing during secondary processing.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the method for determining the grinding amount in bearing processing provided by the invention has the advantages that the bearing is secondarily processed according to the set curvature radius of the second groove and the height of the lock notch, the intersection point position between the secondary processing and the primary processing is the lock notch high point of the secondary grinding, the grinding is carried out according to the calculated longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel, the lock notch height corresponding to the lock notch high point of the secondary processing can be just ensured to be the set lock notch height, the surface of the channel where the lock notch height of the primary processing is located is ground until the lock notch high point of the primary processing and the lock notch high point of the secondary processing are superposed, and the channel can be ensured to be a complete arc line under the condition of meeting the lock notch height.
The too big or undersize of vertical feed volume all can lead to the nodical position change of secondary operation and primary operation, leads to the fore shaft height no longer for the fore shaft height of settlement, still for the fore shaft height of settlement of assurance fore shaft height, can adjust the fore shaft high point of secondary operation to guarantee to satisfy the fore shaft height of settlement. But in order to guarantee that the channel cross section is a complete pitch arc, can grind the fore shaft high point of primary processing, until with the coincidence of fore shaft high point, should once fore shaft high point be secondary processing and the nodical of primary processing, the fore shaft high point of adjustment can be ground away this moment, consequently the fore shaft height still does not satisfy the fore shaft height of settlement, need to process again, and then can lead to machining efficiency to reduce by a wide margin. Therefore, the working efficiency of channel processing can be greatly improved while the channel section is ensured to be an arc line when the longitudinal feeding amount calculated by the method is processed.
Further, in the step 2), the position of the locking notch is determined by the following means: acquiring a second groove curvature center of the bearing machined secondarily; determining a first equation of a circle where the first groove curvature center is located according to the first groove curvature radius and the first groove curvature center; determining a second equation of a circle where the curvature center of the second groove is located according to the curvature radius of the second groove and the curvature center of the second groove; and the intersection point coordinate obtained by combining the first equation and the second equation is the position of the lock opening.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the high points of the locking notch of the two times of bearing processing are different, so that the intersection point between the circle of the curvature center of the first groove and the circle of the curvature center of the second groove is the locking notch position, the locking notch position is calculated by combining the equations of the circles, and the calculation method is simple and rapid.
Further, the calculation formula of the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel is as follows:
Figure BDA0003618876570000031
wherein b is the longitudinal feed of the grinding wheel, t 2 For the height of the locking notch, R 2 Is the second groove radius of curvature, a is the infeed amount of the grinding wheel, R 1 Is the first groove radius of curvature.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the calculation formula of the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel is directly given, and the value of the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel during machining can be directly calculated according to the calculation formula, so that the method is quicker and simpler.
The invention also provides a bearing machining control method, which comprises the following steps:
a, acquiring a first groove curvature radius and a first groove curvature center of a bearing during primary processing;
b, acquiring a second groove curvature radius, a locking notch height and a transverse feeding amount of the grinding wheel for secondary processing of the bearing after primary processing, and enabling the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel to be equal to the second groove curvature radius minus the vertical coordinate of the locking notch height and the locking notch position when the bearing is processed again, wherein the locking notch position refers to the intersection point position of the sections of the bearing subjected to primary processing and secondary processing;
c, acquiring a locking notch high point position of the bearing in primary processing and a locking notch high point position of the bearing in secondary processing, and grinding along a bearing surface where the locking notch high point position in primary processing is located until the locking notch high point position of the bearing in primary processing is overlapped with the locking notch high point position of the bearing in secondary processing;
and D, controlling the grinding wheel to machine the bearing according to the longitudinal feeding amount and the transverse feeding amount of the grinding wheel, judging whether the workpiece parameters of the machined bearing reach the set machining standard or not, and repeating the steps A to C to machine again if the workpiece parameters of the machined bearing do not reach the set machining standard.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the control method provided by the invention can accurately control the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel during processing the bearing so as to ensure that the channel is secondarily processed under the condition of grinding the longitudinal feeding amount, can just ensure that the locking notch height corresponding to the locking notch high point of the secondary processing is the set locking notch height, and grinds the channel surface where the locking notch height of the primary processing is located until the locking notch high point of the primary processing is superposed with the locking notch high point of the secondary processing, can ensure that the channel is a complete arc line under the condition of meeting the locking notch height, and greatly improves the working efficiency of channel processing.
Further, in the step B, the position of the locking notch is determined by: acquiring a second groove curvature center of the bearing machined secondarily; determining a first equation of a circle where the curvature center of the first groove is located according to the curvature radius of the first groove and the curvature center of the first groove; determining a second equation of a circle where the curvature center of the second groove is located according to the curvature radius of the second groove and the curvature center of the second groove; and the intersection point coordinate obtained by combining the first equation and the second equation is the position of the lock opening.
Further, the calculation formula of the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel is as follows:
Figure BDA0003618876570000041
wherein b is the longitudinal feed of the grinding wheel, t 2 For the height of the locking notch, R 2 Is the radius of curvature of the second groove, a is the infeed of the grinding wheel, R 1 Is the first groove radius of curvature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of bearing channel variation corresponding to different grinding amounts during secondary grinding in the background art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a change of a bearing raceway at the time of secondary grinding in the embodiment of the method of determining the grinding amount;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a change in the displacement of a grinding wheel during secondary grinding in the embodiment of the method for determining the grinding amount;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a final channel state during secondary grinding in the method for determining grinding amount;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of groove position and groove radius of curvature on the trend of groove bottom diameter.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Method embodiment for determining grinding quantity:
the invention provides a method for determining grinding amount in bearing processing, wherein when a groove is ground, the groove position and the groove curvature radius of the first grinding and the second grinding are correspondingly different, so that the section of the groove is two or more than two arcs after the second processing. When the bearing is machined, the channel is machined for the second time due to the fact that the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel is different, the height of the locking notch does not meet a set value or the section of the channel is not a complete arc line under the condition that the height of the locking notch is met. Therefore, the reasonable longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel can ensure that the section of the channel is a complete arc line under the condition of meeting the height of the locking notch.
Specifically, the method for determining the grinding amount in bearing machining provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) and determining the processing parameters during grinding.
As shown in fig. 2, the curve of the groove when the bearing is ground for the first time is an arc line AB; after the second grinding, the arc line CDB in the figure corresponds to the condition that the cross section of the channel is in the shape of two arc curves; and after the second grinding, the arc line EB in the figure corresponds to the condition that the cross section of the channel is a complete arc curve. Determining the groove curvature radius R of the bearing channel in the first grinding process according to the process file or the actual processing parameters 1 Radius of curvature R of groove required for secondary grinding 2
2) Determining the transverse feeding amount a of the grinding wheel.
As shown in fig. 3, at the time of the second grinding, the infeed amount a of the grinding wheel is determined from the process file or the actual machining parameters.
3) And calculating the longitudinal feeding amount b of the grinding wheel.
In order to minimize the residual grinding amount of the bearing, the grinding wheel needs to be moved longitudinally by the longitudinal feeding amount b on the basis of the previous movement. As shown in fig. 4, the center of curvature of the groove during the first grinding is the center of circle O, a rectangular coordinate system is established with the center of circle O as the origin of coordinates, and an equation of the circle where the center of circle O is located is established according to the radius of curvature of the groove during the first grinding:
Figure BDA0003618876570000051
presetting the center of curvature of the groove during the second grinding as a circle center O ', moving the circle center O' to a transverse feed amount a towards a negative half shaft of an x-axis and a longitudinal feed amount b towards a negative half shaft of a y-axis compared with the circle center O, and then according to the curvature radius R of the groove required during the second grinding 2 Establishing an equation of a circle where the circle center O' is located during secondary grinding:
Figure BDA0003618876570000052
after finishing, the method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003618876570000053
in order to ensure that the height of the locking notch of the bearing after the secondary grinding meets the set value, a locking notch high point F of the secondary grinding is set according to the height of the locking notch. The first-grinding locking notch B and the second-grinding locking notch F are not the same locking notch, so that an intersection point exists between the equation of the circle with the center O and the circle with the center O', and the intersection point is the second-grinding locking notch F. The equation of the circle with the center O and the equation of the circle with the center O' are combined to determine the coordinate (x) of the intersection point F of the first grinding and the second grinding F ,y F ). Height t of locking notch during secondary grinding 2 Also preset, a relationship is thus established between the height of the lock notch at the time of the second grinding, the radius of curvature of the groove at the time of the second grinding and the longitudinal feed of the grinding wheel, namely: t is t 2 =R 2 +b+y F . The ordinate y of the fore shaft F solved by the system of equations combining two circles F Substituting to obtain the longitudinal feed amount of the grinding wheel
Figure BDA0003618876570000061
After the bearing is ground according to the workpiece parameters and the grinding wheel feed amount, two sections of arcs of an arc line EF and an arc line FB exist in the cross section of the final channel, a ferrule slope BG is ground, the slope is ground to a FH position, and at the moment, the arc line FB in the channel is deleted along with the grinding of the slope, so that the integrity of the arc line EF of the cross section shape of the new channel is ensured.
In the present embodiment, the longitudinal direction indicates the moving direction of the diameter of the bearing ring, that is, the moving direction of the diameter of the grinding wheel. The lateral direction indicates the direction of movement of the grinding wheel axis. For the bearing, the motion of the grinding wheel is in two-dimensional coordinates, that is, only in a plane, and no motion in the Z-axis direction relative to the X-axis and the Y-axis in the coordinate system in fig. 4 exists.
The method can grind according to the calculated longitudinal feeding amount b of the grinding wheel so as to ensure higher working efficiency in the whole machining process. The required transverse feed amount of the grinding wheel during the secondary processing can be directly calculated to obtain the longitudinal feed amount of the grinding wheel by obtaining the groove curvature radius of the primary processing, the preset groove curvature radius of the secondary processing and the locking notch height, the calculation is simple, and the groove can be ensured to be a complete arc line under the condition of meeting the locking notch height.
The inner ring of a certain angular contact ball bearing is processed by the method, the groove curvature radius of a bearing channel during the first grinding is 2.86mm, the transverse feed amount of a grinding wheel during the second grinding is 0.1mm, the groove curvature radius of the bearing channel during the second grinding is preset to be 2.88mm, the height of a locking notch is preset to be t 2 0.1 mm; so that the longitudinal feed of the grinding wheel is effected during the second grinding
Figure BDA0003618876570000062
Figure BDA0003618876570000063
After moving according to the longitudinal feeding amount, the residual grinding amount of the bearing channel can be ensured to be minimum. At this time, two arcs of an arc line FE and an arc line FB exist in the cross section of the channel.
After the bearing is ground according to the workpiece parameters and the grinding wheel feeding amount, grinding the slope BG of the ferrule and grinding the slope to the FH position, at the moment, the arc FB in the channel is deleted along with the grinding of the slope, the integrity of the arc EF of the section shape of the new channel is ensured, and meanwhile, the locking notch height t of the new channel is ensured 2 =0.1mm。
Table 1 lists the amount of adjustment that needs to be made to the groove bottom diameter in response to changes in groove position and groove radius of curvature after the method of this embodiment, with the associated trend shown in FIG. 5. It can be seen that when the secondary grinding is carried out, the radial feeding amount of the grinding wheel is reduced on the basis of ensuring the final required locking notch height, the integrity of the groove shape can still be ensured, and the residual original channel is deleted along with the grinding of the slope when the secondary grinding is carried out. In order to ensure the integrity of the shape of the channel, the grinding amount of the diameter of the bottom of the channel is most obviously influenced by the change of the position of the channel and is controlled in the actual production process; meanwhile, although the influence of the change of the groove bottom diameter on the groove bottom grinding amount is extremely small, the influence on the quality of the groove shape is large, and in the subsequent grinding, the groove bottom diameter is properly increased, so that the quality of the groove shape can be improved on the basis of not increasing the groove bottom grinding amount, and the improvement of the surface appearance of the groove bottom is facilitated.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003618876570000071
The embodiment of the control method comprises the following steps:
the invention also provides a control method for bearing processing, according to the grinding wheel longitudinal feed amount determined by the method for determining the grinding amount by bearing processing provided by the invention, the grinding wheel is controlled to move longitudinally to process and grind the bearing, whether the residual grinding amount of the bearing channel reaches the set processing standard or not is judged after processing, namely whether the residual grinding amount of the bearing reaches the required set value or not is judged, if not, the longitudinal feed amount of the grinding wheel is recalculated, and processing is carried out again. The method for determining the grinding amount in bearing machining is already explained in the embodiment of the method for determining the grinding amount, and the description is omitted here.

Claims (6)

1. A method for determining grinding amount in bearing machining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) acquiring a first groove curvature radius and a first groove curvature center of a bearing during primary processing;
2) acquiring a second groove curvature radius, a locking notch height and a transverse feeding amount of a grinding wheel of a bearing subjected to secondary processing after primary processing, and enabling the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel to be equal to the second groove curvature radius minus the longitudinal coordinate of the locking notch height and the locking notch position when the bearing is subjected to secondary processing, wherein the locking notch position refers to the intersection point position of the sections of the bearing subjected to the primary processing and the secondary processing;
3) and acquiring the position of a high point of a locking notch of the bearing during primary processing and the position of a high point of the locking notch of the bearing during secondary processing, grinding the bearing surface where the position of the high point of the locking notch during primary processing is located until the position of the high point of the locking notch of the bearing during primary processing is coincided with the position of the high point of the locking notch of the bearing during secondary processing.
2. The method for determining the grinding load in the bearing machining according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the position of the locking notch is determined by: acquiring a second groove curvature center of the bearing machined secondarily; determining a first equation of a circle where the first groove curvature center is located according to the first groove curvature radius and the first groove curvature center; determining a second equation of a circle where the curvature center of the second groove is located according to the curvature radius of the second groove and the curvature center of the second groove; and the intersection point coordinate obtained by combining the first equation and the second equation is the position of the lock opening.
3. A method of determining the grinding stock in a bearing machining operation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the longitudinal feed of the grinding wheel is calculated by the formula:
Figure FDA0003618876560000011
wherein b is the longitudinal feed of the grinding wheel, t 2 For the height of the locking notch, R 2 Is the second groove radius of curvature, a is the infeed amount of the grinding wheel, R 1 Is the first groove radius of curvature.
4. A control method for bearing machining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, acquiring a first groove curvature radius and a first groove curvature center of a bearing during primary processing;
b, acquiring a second groove curvature radius, a locking notch height and a transverse feeding amount of the grinding wheel for secondary processing of the bearing after primary processing, and enabling the longitudinal feeding amount of the grinding wheel to be equal to the second groove curvature radius minus the vertical coordinate of the locking notch height and the locking notch position when the bearing is processed again, wherein the locking notch position refers to the intersection point position of the sections of the bearing subjected to primary processing and secondary processing;
c, acquiring a position of a high point of a locking notch of the bearing during primary processing and a position of a high point of the locking notch of the bearing during secondary processing, and grinding along a bearing surface where the position of the high point of the locking notch during primary processing is located until the position of the high point of the locking notch of the bearing during primary processing is coincident with the position of the high point of the locking notch of the bearing during secondary processing;
and D, controlling the grinding wheel to machine the bearing according to the longitudinal feeding amount and the transverse feeding amount of the grinding wheel, judging whether the workpiece parameters of the machined bearing reach the set machining standard or not, and repeating the steps A to C to machine again if the workpiece parameters of the machined bearing do not reach the set machining standard.
5. The method for controlling machining of a bearing according to claim 4, wherein in the step B, the position of the locking notch is determined by: acquiring a second groove curvature center of the bearing machined secondarily; determining a first equation of a circle where the first groove curvature center is located according to the first groove curvature radius and the first groove curvature center; determining a second equation of a circle where the curvature center of the second groove is located according to the curvature radius of the second groove and the curvature center of the second groove; and the intersection point coordinate obtained by combining the first equation and the second equation is the position of the lock opening.
6. The control method of bearing machining according to claim 4, wherein the calculation formula of the longitudinal feed amount of the grinding wheel is:
Figure FDA0003618876560000021
wherein b is the longitudinal feed of the grinding wheel, t 2 For the height of the locking notch, R 2 Is the radius of curvature of the second groove, alpha is the infeed amount of the grinding wheel, R 1 Is the first groove radius of curvature.
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