CN114952364B - Tool magazine and machine tool - Google Patents

Tool magazine and machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114952364B
CN114952364B CN202210033427.6A CN202210033427A CN114952364B CN 114952364 B CN114952364 B CN 114952364B CN 202210033427 A CN202210033427 A CN 202210033427A CN 114952364 B CN114952364 B CN 114952364B
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China
Prior art keywords
tool
grip
spindle
rail
straight
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Application number
CN202210033427.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114952364A (en
Inventor
辻俊辅
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Brother Industries Ltd
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Brother Industries Ltd
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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/15526Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a tool magazine capable of increasing the number of holding arms and inhibiting the enlargement of the tool magazine, and a machine tool with the tool magazine. A magazine for moving a plurality of holding arms for holding tools along a track, wherein the track has: two first straight portions opposed to each other; two second straight portions opposing each other; and a curved portion that connects an end of the first straight portion and an end of the second straight portion.

Description

Tool magazine and machine tool
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tool magazine and a machine tool.
Background
Conventionally, a machine tool includes a magazine and a spindle head capable of moving up and down (see japanese patent application laid-open No. 2013-154436). The tool magazine includes a plurality of moving bodies connected in a ring shape. Each movable body has a plurality of holding arms for holding a tool. The tool magazine moves the movable body along an annular rail surrounding the periphery of the spindle head, and a predetermined grip arm is disposed below the spindle head. The spindle head rotatably supports the spindle. The spindle head is lowered, and the tool held by the holding arm is attached to the spindle.
The machine tool holds a workpiece on a table, rotates a spindle on which a tool is mounted, and performs various kinds of machining such as milling and tapping. The tools mounted on the spindle need to be exchanged according to the type of processing of the workpiece. With the modularization of the processing members and the trend of integration of the processing steps, the number of tool holders used for one workpiece increases, and the number of holding arms for holding the tools increases. Therefore, the total number of moving bodies holding the grip arms increases, or the total length of the moving bodies becomes long, and the magazine becomes large.
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a magazine capable of suppressing the enlargement of a magazine while increasing the number of holding arms, and a machine tool provided with the magazine.
Solution for solving the problem
The invention 1 provides a tool magazine for moving a plurality of holding arms for holding tools along a rail, the rail having: two first straight portions that are opposite to each other; two second straight portions facing each other; and a curved portion that connects an end of the first straight portion and an end of the second straight portion.
By forming the track shape as a rounded rectangle having the first straight line portion, the second straight line portion, and the curved line portion, the perimeter (movement path distance) of the track becomes longer than a oval shape or the like having the same overall length and full width. Therefore, the number of grip arms disposed in the movement path can be increased, while the size of the magazine can be suppressed.
A rail of the tool magazine according to claim 2 surrounds a spindle to which tools are attached, and the first straight line portion extends in a direction orthogonal to an axial direction of the spindle, and the tools held by the grip arms located in the first straight line portion are attached to the spindle.
The first straight line portion of the rail, which becomes the exchange position of the tool, is arranged along the direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the spindle. Since the holding arm moves along the first straight line portion, the posture of the holding arm when the tool is mounted can be maintained straight with respect to the spindle, and the tool held by the holding arm can be smoothly mounted on the spindle.
In claim 3, the plurality of grip arms of the magazine are aligned at a predetermined interval on the lower surface of the moving body moving along the rail, and the length of the first straight line portion is at least twice the interval between the grip arms at both ends of the moving body.
The length of the first straight line portion is twice or more the interval between the holding arms at both ends of the moving body. Therefore, when a plurality of grip arms are attached to one moving body in a row at predetermined intervals, the moving body can position each grip arm at the exchange position in the center of the first straight line portion without overlapping a part of the grip arms with the curved line portion. The posture of the holding arm at the time of mounting the tool can be maintained straight with respect to the spindle regardless of which of the plurality of holding arms holds.
The tool magazine of claim 4 includes: a pair of support bars each having a grip portion for gripping the tool at one end; and a biasing member provided between the other ends of the pair of support bars, the biasing member biasing the pair of support bars in a direction in which the respective grip portions of the pair of support bars approach each other.
The holding arms including a pair of support bars are provided with urging members between the other ends of the support bars, and hold the tool by urging the urging members. Therefore, the length of the grip portion can be shortened as compared with the case where the urging member is provided in the grip portion. As a result, the width of the grip arms can be shortened, and therefore the number of grip arms disposed on the rail can be increased.
The invention according to claim 5 provides a machine tool comprising the tool magazine according to any one of the above and a spindle to which a tool is attached, wherein the rail surrounds the spindle.
The same operation and effect as the tool magazine are produced.
In the tool magazine and the machine tool, the number of the holding arms is large, and the large-scale of the tool magazine can be restrained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a machine tool.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the machine tool.
Fig. 3 is a right side view of the machine tool with the chain portion and the like omitted.
Fig. 4 is a simplified perspective view of the rail portion.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the magazine moving on the rail portion.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the VI-VI line shown in fig. 5 as a cross-sectional line.
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the moving body and the grip arm.
Fig. 8 is a simplified top view of a substrate.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the grip arm.
Fig. 10 is a simplified partial enlarged top view of the tool magazine.
Fig. 11 is an explanatory diagram of the track shape and circumference.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings showing a machine tool according to an embodiment. In the following description, the vertical, horizontal and vertical directions shown in the drawings are used.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the machine tool 100 includes a base 10, a spindle head 20, a magazine 30, and the like. The base 10 is rectangular and extends in a front-rear direction. The work holding portion 11 is provided on the upper front side of the base 10. The workpiece holding portion 11 holds a workpiece as a processing object. The work holding portion 11 is rotatable about a C axis extending vertically. The support table 12 is provided at the rear side of the upper portion of the base 10. An X-axis direction moving device 14 is provided on the upper surface of the support table 12. The X-axis direction moving device 14 is movable in the left-right direction (X-axis direction). The Y-axis direction moving device 15 is provided at an upper portion of the X-axis direction moving device 14. The Y-axis direction moving device 15 supports the column 13 so as to be movable in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction). The Z-axis direction moving device 16 is provided on the front surface of the upright 13. The Z-axis direction moving device 16 moves the spindle head 20 in the up-down direction (Z-axis direction).
The spindle head 20 includes a spindle 21 extending vertically. The spindle 21 rotates about an axis. A cutter is attached to the lower end of the spindle 21. The spindle motor 22 is provided at the upper end of the spindle head 20. The spindle 21 and the tool are rotated by rotation of the spindle motor 22. The rotating tool machines the workpiece held by the workpiece holding portion 11.
The magazine 30 will be described with reference to fig. 4 to 7. The magazine 30 includes a rail portion 31, a chain portion 32, and a magazine drive portion 33. The magazine 30 moves the chain 32 along the rail 31 by driving the magazine driving unit 33.
The rail portion 31 includes two support beams 311, a rail base 312, and a rail 313. The support beam 311 is a plate-like structural member having a substantially right triangle shape. The inclined edge of the support beam 311 is disposed on the upper side. The sloping side of the support beam 311 is inclined so as to descend toward the front. The support beams 311 are fixed to the left and right sides of the upright 13. The support beam 311 extends from the left and right portions fixed to the column 13 to both side portions of the spindle head 20, and the upper end surface of the support beam 311 is inclined at approximately 30 degrees from the horizontal surface from the front lower side to the rear upper side. The rail mount 312 has a rounded rectangular shape (rectangular shape) in plan view and extends in the front-rear direction. The rail mount 312 is provided on the inclined side of the support beam 311, and surrounds the column 13 and the spindle 21. The rail table 312 is inclined at approximately 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal. A positioning mechanism 314 for aligning the position of the tool with the position of the spindle 21 is provided at the center of the front lower end portion of the rail table 312. The center portion of the lower end portion of the rail table 312 is located at the tool changing position.
The rail 313 is provided on the rail base 312 to form a ring-shaped rail. The rail 313 has a rectangular shape with rounded corners in plan view and a substantially rectangular cross section. The rail 313 has two first straight portions 313a facing each other and two second straight portions 313b facing each other, and the curved portion 313c connects the end of the first straight portion 313a and the end of the second straight portion 313 b. The two first linear portions 313a are provided in the front and rear of the spindle head 20, respectively, and extend linearly in the left-right direction. The two second linear portions 313b are provided on the left and right sides of the spindle head 20, respectively, and extend linearly in the front-rear direction, i.e., in the direction orthogonal to the left-right direction. The first linear portion 313a and the second linear portion 313b are arranged in an orthogonal manner. Track table 312 and track 313 are configured to: the first straight line portion 313a is parallel to a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the spindle 21, and the longitudinal center of the first straight line portion 313a coincides with the axial center of the spindle 21. The two second straight portions 313b are desirably parallel, but may be narrowed between the front ends or between the rear ends of the two second straight portions 313 b.
The mounting base 315 is provided at the rear of the rail base 312, and the magazine drive unit 33 is mounted on the upper side of the mounting base 315. The magazine drive unit 33 includes a motor 331 and a gear 332. The axis of the gear 332 is at a substantially right angle to the hypotenuse of the support beam 311. The gear 332 is connected to the rotation shaft of the motor 331 and is engaged with the chain portion 32. The motor 331 rotates the gear 332, and thereby rotates the chain portion 32 and the plurality of grip arms 36. The chain 32 is disposed along the track 313. The chain 32 includes a plurality of moving bodies 34, a plurality of links 35, and a plurality of gripping arms 36. The link 35 is an elongated substantially rectangular plate-like member and extends linearly. The link 35 connects adjacent moving bodies 34. The plurality of moving bodies 34 and the link 35 form an endless chain.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the moving body 34 includes a base plate 341, two inner rollers 342, two outer rollers 343, two bearings 344, and two coupling shafts 345. The substrate 341 is a plate shape having a substantially rectangular shape in plan view extending in the lateral direction. The two inner rollers 342 are provided on the lower surface of the substrate 341 and are long side portions on the rear side. The two inner rollers 342 are aligned in a row in the left-right direction. The two outer rollers 343 are provided on the lower surface of the substrate 341 and are long side portions on the front side. The two outside rollers 343 are aligned in the left-right direction. The rotation axis of the inside roller 342 and the rotation axis of the outside roller 343 are at right angles to the substrate 341, respectively. The two coupling shaft bodies 345 are provided at both end portions of the upper surface of the base plate 341. The two coupling shaft bodies 345 are aligned in a row in the left-right direction. The axis of the connecting shaft 345 is perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate 341. As shown in fig. 5, both ends of the link 35 in the longitudinal direction are rotatably connected to the adjacent movable bodies 34 via connecting shafts 345, respectively. A bearing 344 is rotatably provided around the coupling shaft 345. The rotation axis of the bearing 344 is at right angles to the upper surface of the base plate 341. Two holding arms 36 are attached to both end portions of the lower surface of the substrate 341. The two grip arms 36 are aligned at a predetermined interval in the left-right direction of the substrate 341.
As shown in fig. 8, point a represents the axial center of the inner roller 342, point B represents the axial center of the outer roller 343, and point C represents the axial center of the connecting shaft 345. The positions of the two points A in the front-rear direction are consistent. The positions of the two points B in the front-back direction are consistent. The positions of the C point in the front-rear direction are consistent. The distance L1 between the axes of the inside rollers 342 is shorter than the distance L2 between the axes of the outside rollers 343. As will be described later, the tool is changed by swinging the lower tip of the grip handle of the grip arm 36 around the axis of the arm pivot 368 (see fig. 7). In the one movable body 34, the axial direction of the arm pivot 368, the linear direction connecting the axial centers of the inner rollers 342, the linear direction connecting the axial centers of the outer rollers 343, and the linear direction connecting the axial centers of the connecting shafts 345 are all parallel to each other.
The lower surface of the substrate 341 is disposed above the rail 313. The inner roller 342 is rotatably contacted to the inner peripheral side surface of the rail 313. The outside roller 343 is rotatably contacted to the outer circumferential side of the rail 313. The bearing 344 of the base plate 341 is engaged with the gear 332, and the movable body 34 moves along the rail 313 in association with the rotation of the gear 332. And rotates in engagement with gear 332 via bearing 344, thereby reducing friction and wear. Since the bearing 344 is used as an engagement member with the gear 332, the diameter can be increased and a larger load can be received than in the case of using a pin. When a pin having a small diameter is used, a plurality of pins are required, but the use of the bearing 344 can reduce the number of components, and thus reduce the manufacturing cost. Since the distance L1 between the axes of the inner roller 342 is made shorter than the distance L2 between the axes of the outer roller 343, the gap between each roller and the rail 313, which is generated in the straight line portion and the curved line portion of the rail 313, can be suppressed.
In the following description, the grip arm 36 of the first straight line portion 313a located on the front side is used as an example, and the illustrated up-down, front-back, left-right, and right-left. As shown in fig. 7 and 9, the grip arm 36 includes an attachment plate 361 attached to the base plate 341. An extension 362 is provided at a lower portion of the mounting plate 361. The extension portion 362 extends in the up-down direction, and a lower end portion of the extension portion 362 is bent rearward. A positioning pin 363 for aligning the position of the grip arm 36 with the position of the spindle head 20 is provided at a vertically intermediate portion of the extension portion 362. Two guide plates 365 for guiding the swing of a support lever 369 described later are fixed to the left and right side surfaces of the lower end of the extension portion 362. Two guide plates 365 are opposite each other. In side view, guide plate 365 has a substantially triangular shape extending downward with the top end as the apex. An arm shaft hole 366 into which an arm pivot shaft 368 to be described later is inserted is provided in an upper end portion of guide plate 365. A support plate 367 extending in a substantially vertical direction is provided between the two guide plates 365. A cam follower 364 is provided at the rear side of the upper portion of the support plate 367. The lower end portion of the support plate 367 is curved so as to protrude rearward. The rear edge portion of the lower end portion is formed in a shape of a circular arc in plan view recessed toward the front side. An arm pivot 368 is fixed to an upper end portion of the support plate 367. Both end portions of the arm pivot shaft 368 are swingably inserted into arm shaft holes 366 of the respective guide plates 365. The grip arm 36 is attached to the moving body 34 such that the arm pivot 368 is along the rail 313.
Grooves X are formed in both left and right side surfaces of the lower end portion of the support plate 367. The groove X extends in the front-rear direction. The first support bar 369a and the second support bar 369b are inserted into the respective grooves X. The first support bar 369a and the second support bar 369b constitute a pair of support bars 369. The first support lever 369a and the second support lever 369b extend in the front-rear direction. The front portion of the first support lever 369a and the front portion of the second support lever 369b protrude forward of the groove X. The rear portion of the first support lever 369a and the rear portion of the second support lever 369b protrude rearward from the groove X. The middle portion of the first support lever 369a in the front-rear direction is connected to the rear portion of the support plate 367 via a pivot 369c that is in the vertical direction. The middle portion of the second support rod 369b in the front-rear direction is connected to the rear portion of the support plate 367 via a pivot 369d that is in the vertical direction.
The portion of the first support lever 369a on the rear side of the pivot 369c is curved so as to protrude leftward along the arc of the support plate 367. The portion of the second support lever 369b on the rear side of the pivot 369d is curved so as to protrude rightward along the arc shape of the support plate 367. A cylindrical grip 369e is provided at a distal end (one end) of the rear end of the first support lever 369a and a distal end (one end) of the rear end of the second support lever 369 b. Each grip portion 369e has an axial direction which is the left-right direction, that is, the same direction as the arm pivot 368.
The grip pins 369f protrude from the grip portions 369e in the axial direction. The tip surfaces of the two grip pins 369f face each other. The tip end of the holding pin 369f is curved to protrude outward. The grip pin 369f grips the handle. The knife handle is in a cylinder shape with the vertical direction as the axial direction, and the knife is embedded in the knife handle. A groove is formed in the outer periphery of the shank. When the tool shank is inserted between the two holding pins 369f, the holding pins 369f are engaged with the grooves, and hold the tool shank and the tool.
A spring seat 369g is provided at a front end (other end) portion of the first support rod 369a and a front end (other end) portion of the second support rod 369 b. The two spring seats 369g are disk-shaped and face each other in the left-right direction. A compression spring 369h is provided between the two spring seats 369g. The pressure spring 369h biases the two spring holders 369g so as to separate the two spring holders 369g from each other in the left-right direction, and biases the two holding pins 369f in a direction in which the distal end surfaces of the two holding pins 369f approach each other. The compression spring 369h is an example of a biasing member, and rubber can be used instead of the compression spring 369h. As described above, the first support lever 369a and the second support lever 369b have the grip pin 369f at the rear end portion and the compression spring 369h at the front end portion. The length of the grip portion 369e can be reduced as compared with the case where the compression spring 369h is provided inside the grip portion 369e and the compression spring 369h biases the grip pin 369 f. The dimension of the grip arm 36 in the moving direction can be reduced without reducing the dimension between the tip end surfaces of the two grip pins 369 f.
The length of the first straight portion 313a, the predetermined interval between the grip arms 36, and the length of the link 35 will be described with reference to fig. 10 and 4. The distance L3 between the two grip arms 36 arranged on the moving body 34 is shorter than the length L4 of the link 35. The interval L3 is an interval between the central portions of the adjacent grip arms 36 in the moving direction. The length L4 of the link 35 is a length between the axes of the connecting shaft bodies 345 at both end portions of the link 35.
Consider the case where the spacing L3 is the same as the length L4 of the link 35. If the interval L3 is reduced to connect more grip arms 36, adjacent grip arms 36 interfere with each other when the adjacent movable body 34 is closest to the connection portion where the first linear portion 313a is connected to the curved portion 313c or the connection portion where the second linear portion 313b is connected to the curved portion 313 c. In the present embodiment, the interval L3 is shorter than the length L4 of the link 35, so that the size of the magazine 30 can be reduced, interference between the grip arms 36 can be reduced, and the number of grip arms for holding the chain portion 32 can be increased.
The length L5 of the first straight portion 313a of the rail 313 is twice or more the interval L6 between the gripping arms 36 at both ends of the moving body 34. In fig. 10, the moving body 34 includes two grip arms 36 with an interval l3=an interval L6. The holding arm 36 moves along the rail 313 in a state of being aligned in the moving direction, and indexes the tool to the exchange position below the spindle 21. After the main shaft 21 is lowered, the tool shank and the tool at the exchange position are mounted on the main shaft 21. If L5 is equal to or greater than l6×2, the posture of the movable body 34 can be maintained straight with respect to the spindle 21 without overlapping a part of the movable body 34 with the curved portion 313c when any of the grip arms 36 of the movable body 34 is located at the exchange position. Accordingly, the spindle 21 is opposed to the holding arm 36 for holding the tool to be mounted, and the spindle head 20 positioned above the holding arm 36 is moved downward by the Z-axis direction moving device 16, so that the tool can be smoothly mounted on the spindle 21.
The number of gripping arms 36 of one movable body 34 may be three or more. At this time, the size of the movable body 34 in the left-right direction increases, and therefore, three or more bearings 344 may be provided according to the pitch of the gear 332.
The track of the present embodiment having a rounded rectangle is shown on the upper side of fig. 11. A rail of a comparative example having a oval shape is shown at the lower side of fig. 11. When the total length and the total width of the track are the same, the perimeter (movement path distance) of the track of the example is longer than the perimeter (movement path distance) of the track of the comparative example. The specific numerical values are used and the calculation is performed. The total length of the track was 1055mm and the total width was 612mm. According to the calculation, in the comparative example, the circumference is 2807mm, whereas in the example, the circumference is 2950mm. By using a rounded rectangular rail as compared with a oval shape or the like, the increase in the size of the rail can be suppressed, the circumferential length can be increased, and the number of grip arms 36 included in the magazine 30 can be increased. The full length is the longitudinal length and the full width is the transverse length.

Claims (3)

1. A tool magazine for moving a plurality of holding arms for holding tools along a rail, characterized in that,
the track has:
two first straight portions that are opposite to each other;
two second straight portions facing each other; and
a curved line portion connecting an end portion of the first straight line portion and an end portion of the second straight line portion,
the track encloses a spindle on which the tool is mounted,
the first straight portion extends in a direction orthogonal to an axial direction of the main shaft,
the tool held by the holding arm positioned at the first straight portion is attached to the spindle,
the plurality of holding arms are arranged in a row at a predetermined interval on the lower surface of the moving body moving along the rail,
the length of the first straight line portion is twice or more the interval between the gripping arms at both ends of the moving body.
2. The tool magazine according to claim 1, wherein,
the grip arm is provided with:
a pair of support bars each having a grip portion for gripping the tool at one end; and
a force applying member provided between the other ends of the pair of support bars,
the urging member urges the pair of support bars in a direction in which the grip portions of the pair of support bars approach each other.
3. A machine tool, wherein,
the machine tool is provided with:
the tool magazine of claim 1 or 2, and
a main shaft for installing the cutter,
the track surrounds the spindle.
CN202210033427.6A 2021-02-26 2022-01-12 Tool magazine and machine tool Active CN114952364B (en)

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JP2021030689A JP7501405B2 (en) 2021-02-26 2021-02-26 Tool magazines and machine tools
JP2021-030689 2021-02-26

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