CN114952209A - Method for manufacturing self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel non-ferrous metal precision wire drawing die - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel non-ferrous metal precision wire drawing die Download PDFInfo
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- CN114952209A CN114952209A CN202210570544.6A CN202210570544A CN114952209A CN 114952209 A CN114952209 A CN 114952209A CN 202210570544 A CN202210570544 A CN 202210570544A CN 114952209 A CN114952209 A CN 114952209A
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 9
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/24—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass dies
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a precision wire-drawing die for nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like, which comprises the following steps: step one, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2.8 to 3.5 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 3.5 to 5.5 percent of Ni, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mo0, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent; step two, adding the raw materials weighed in the step one into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting to obtain molten metal liquid; step three, pouring the molten metal liquid obtained in the step two into a preheated transfer ladle, adding a silicon iron nodulizer and a rare earth inoculant, and fully preserving heat and mixing to obtain qualified molten alloy liquid; step four, transferring the qualified molten alloy liquid obtained in the step three to a horizontal continuous casting heat preservation furnace through a ladle, condensing and crystallizing the alloy liquid through a crystallizer below the heat preservation furnace, and finally drawing an as-cast alloy bar through a traction device; the invention solves the self-lubricating friction requirement under the condition of no lubrication or poor lubrication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precise wire drawing die manufacturing, and relates to a method for manufacturing a non-ferrous metal precise wire drawing die such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel.
Background
The development of the light weight and fine industry has been accompanied by the "mass to quality" product structure adjustment that imposes strict requirements on the performance of precision wire drawing dies. The technological process of producing superfine precise wire product with large diameter non-ferrous metal bar material through multistage cold drawing has short replacing period and greatly increased consumption owing to the requirement of maintaining very high surface smoothness in the inner cavity of the drawing mold. When the diameter of the wire rod is reduced from 1mm to 0.1mm, the relative deviation of the wire rod diameter generated by the expansion of the inner hole diameter of the die by 10 microns due to abrasion is enlarged from 1% of the wire diameter of 1mm to 10% of the wire diameter of 0.1mm, and the deviation of the diameter of 1% to 10% crosses the boundary from qualified products to defective products.
The existing WC-series wire drawing die, the existing artificial diamond wire drawing die and the like reduce the abrasion of the die through the extremely high surface hardness of the die, represent the abrasion rate of the wire drawing die with the aperture increased due to the abrasion, and are not only in inverse proportion to the service hardness of the die material, but also in proportion to the friction coefficient of the junction surface of the wire drawing material and the die. The friction coefficient of the joint surface of the soft metal such as copper/aluminum/stainless steel and the like and the inner hole of the die is larger than that of the joint surface of the hard metal such as carbon steel and the inner hole of the die. Due to the 0 clearance fit in the working process of the precise wire drawing die with the diameter less than 0.1mm, the common die working belt cannot be lubricated well through a lubricating medium, and the soft metal and the hard die form a large friction coefficient combined surface in a poor lubricating state, so that embedded scratches can be generated, the surface quality of the wire is influenced, and the relative error of the diameter of the wire is accelerated to form defective products. It is important to reduce the friction coefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a precision wire drawing die for nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like, and aims to solve the problems of poor lubrication, large friction coefficient and poor drawing quality of the existing precision wire drawing die with the wire diameter of less than 0.1mm in the background technology.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a manufacturing method of a precision wire-drawing die for nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like comprises the following steps:
step one, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2.8 to 3.5 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 3.5 to 5.5 percent of Ni, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mo, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
step two, adding the raw materials weighed in the step one into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting to obtain molten metal liquid;
step three, pouring the molten metal liquid obtained in the step two into a preheated transfer ladle, adding a silicon iron nodulizer and a rare earth inoculant, and fully preserving heat and mixing to obtain qualified molten alloy liquid;
step four, transferring the qualified molten alloy liquid obtained in the step three to a horizontal continuous casting heat preservation furnace through a ladle, condensing and crystallizing the alloy liquid through a crystallizer below the heat preservation furnace, and finally drawing an as-cast alloy bar through a traction device;
step five, after the cast alloy bar stock obtained in the step four is cut to length, firstly, roughly turning the outer circle, the inlet area, the reducing area, the releasing area and the outlet area of the die according to the design requirements of the die, and then, carrying out laser drilling to process the sizing area;
and step six, putting the mould blank after rough machining in the step five into a vacuum induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, taking out the mould blank and putting the mould blank into a salt bath with certain temperature for cooling and heat preservation, tempering and heat preservation by an electric furnace, finally, finely grinding the surface of the mould, and grinding and polishing the mould cavity to obtain a finished product of the precision wire drawing mould.
In the manufacturing method of the precision wire-drawing die for nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like, in the second step, the smelting temperature is 1400-1600 ℃.
In the third step, the mass of the ferrosilicon nodulizer is 1.0-2.0% of the mass of the molten alloy liquid in the second step, and the mass of the rare earth inoculant is 1.8-3.0% of the mass of the molten alloy liquid in the second step.
In the fourth step, the temperature of the holding furnace is 1300-1500 ℃, the traction speed of the traction device is 2-4 cm/min, and room temperature circulating water is adopted in the cooling system.
In the fifth step of the manufacturing method of the precision wire-drawing die for the nonferrous metals such as the self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel, the heating and heat preservation temperature is 900-1150 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-60 min.
In the sixth step, the temperature for cooling and heat preservation is 200-350 ℃, the time for cooling and heat preservation is 1.0-3.0 times of the time for heating and heat preservation in the fifth step, the temperature for tempering and heat preservation is 230 ℃, and the time for tempering and heat preservation is 1-3 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the manufacturing method of the non-ferrous metal precision wire drawing die of the self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like has the advantages that: .
(1) The special material for the self-lubricating precise wire drawing die has the advantages that carbon in the structure is mainly dispersed and separated out in an ultra-fine spherical graphite state, the spheroidization rate reaches over 95 percent, the sphere diameter is less than 30 mu m, the number exceeds 600/mm 2, the self-lubricating boundary condition is met, the graphite in the wire drawing process can form a continuous self-lubricating film under the action of tangential friction force of a die cavity, and the self-lubricating friction requirement under the condition of no lubrication or poor lubrication is met. In addition, the graphite sphere can store lubricating liquid, so that the problem of poor lubrication is greatly improved;
(2) according to the material special for the self-lubricating precise wire drawing die, the graphite lubricating film formed under the action of surface shear stress prevents the direct contact between a substrate and a wire, so that the adhesion between the die and the wire is greatly reduced, the adverse effect of adhesion abrasion on the surface quality of the wire is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged;
(3) the material special for the self-lubricating precise wire drawing die is prepared by carrying out isothermal quenching heat treatment on a microstructure of supersaturated austenite and fine needle bainite, wherein the hardness of the microstructure can exceed 55 HRC. The solid solution carbon content of austenite in the structure is adjustable between 1.2 and 2.11 percent by heating at 900 to 1150 ℃ through temperature rise recarburization and balanced solid solution; in addition, the supercooled austenite with volume fraction of over 50 percent can be obtained after the low-temperature phase transformation at 200-350 ℃, and the supercooled austenite induces martensite phase transformation under the stress condition, so that the surface hardness can be improved by 150 HV; in addition, the super-cooled austenite on the surface of the die cavity undergoes volume expansion in the process of phase transformation to martensite, so that the critical average unit pressure on the surface of the die cavity is greatly increased, the wear resistance of the surface of the die cavity is obviously improved, and the expansion volume can make up for the aperture slight difference of a die wire passing hole caused by wear.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of as-cast microstructure of a non-ferrous metal precision wire drawing die special material such as self-lubricating copper/aluminum/stainless steel of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of the surface hardness increasing trend of the non-ferrous metal precision wire drawing die of self-lubricating copper/aluminum/stainless steel and the like under the action of surface friction stress.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in figure 1 and figure 2, the invention provides a special material for a non-ferrous metal precise wire drawing die, such as self-lubricating copper/aluminum/stainless steel, and the like, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2.8 to 3.5 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 3.5 to 5.5 percent of Ni, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mo, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special material for the non-ferrous metal precision wire drawing die of self-lubricating copper/aluminum/stainless steel and the like, die manufacturing and a heat treatment technology matched with the die manufacturing, which are implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2.8 to 3.5 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 3.5 to 5.5 percent of Ni, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mo, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
step 2, adding the raw materials weighed in the step 1 into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting to obtain molten mixed metal liquid;
wherein the smelting temperature is 1400-1600 ℃;
step 3, pouring the molten mixed metal liquid obtained in the step 2 into a transfer ladle preheated at 600 ℃, adding a silicon iron nodulizer and a rare earth inoculant, and fully preserving heat and mixing to obtain qualified molten alloy;
wherein in the step 3, the mass of the ferrosilicon nodulizer is 1.0-2.0% of the mass of the molten metal liquid in the step 2, and the mass of the rare earth inoculant is 1.8-3.0% of the mass of the molten metal liquid in the step 2;
step 4, transferring the qualified molten metal obtained in the step 3 to a heat preservation furnace of a horizontal continuous casting machine through a steel ladle, starting a traction device of a continuous casting production line, and cooling the metal through a cooling system arranged below the heat preservation furnace to obtain an as-cast alloy bar stock;
wherein the temperature of the holding furnace is 1300-1500 ℃, the traction speed of the traction device is 2-4 cm/min, and room temperature circulating water is adopted in the cooling system;
step 5, after the as-cast alloy bar stock obtained in the step 4 is cut to length, firstly, roughly turning the outer circle, the inlet area, the reducing area, the releasing area and the outlet area of the die according to the design requirements of the die, and then, carrying out laser drilling to process the sizing area;
and 6, putting the mould blank after rough machining in the step 5 into a vacuum induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, taking out the mould blank and putting the mould blank into a salt bath with a certain temperature for cooling and heat preservation, tempering and heat preservation by an electric furnace, finally performing fine grinding on the surface of the mould, performing fine grinding and polishing on the mould cavity of the grinding tool, and thus obtaining the finished product precision wire drawing mould.
Wherein the heating and heat preservation temperature is 900-1150 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-60 min;
the temperature of cooling and heat preservation is 200-350 ℃, and the time of cooling and heat preservation is 1.0-3.0 times of the time of heating and heat preservation in the step 5;
the temperature of tempering heat preservation is 230 ℃, and the time of tempering heat preservation is 1-3 h.
According to the special material for the self-lubricating precise wire drawing die, 0.5-0.8% of Mn in the components can form fine carbides distributed along ferrite grain boundaries after salt bath quenching, so that the wear resistance is improved; 3.5 to 5.5 percent of Ni in the components can improve the toughness and hardenability of a matrix and improve the shock resistance of a die on the basis of ensuring that the formation of ultra-fine spheroidal graphite is not influenced; in the components, Mo and V belong to strong carbide elements, and stable carbide formed by 0.3-0.5 percent of Mo and 0.5-0.8 percent of V can still be kept not to be decomposed even at 600 ℃, so that the mold can keep good strength at the friction elevated temperature.
Those not described in detail in this specification are well within the skill of the art. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments, or alternatives may be employed, by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for manufacturing a precision wire drawing die for nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2.8 to 3.5 percent of C, 1.5 to 2.8 percent of Si, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of Mn, 3.5 to 5.5 percent of Ni, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of Mo, 0.5 to 0.8 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and the balance of Fe, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent;
step two, adding the raw materials weighed in the step one into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting to obtain molten metal liquid;
step three, pouring the molten metal liquid obtained in the step two into a preheated transfer ladle, adding a silicon iron nodulizer and a rare earth inoculant, and fully preserving heat and mixing to obtain qualified molten alloy liquid;
step four, transferring the qualified molten alloy liquid obtained in the step three to a horizontal continuous casting heat preservation furnace through a ladle, condensing and crystallizing the alloy liquid through a crystallizer below the heat preservation furnace, and finally drawing an as-cast alloy bar through a traction device;
step five, after the cast alloy bar stock obtained in the step four is cut to length, firstly, roughly turning the outer circle, the inlet area, the reducing area, the releasing area and the outlet area of the die according to the design requirements of the die, and then, carrying out laser drilling to process the sizing area;
and step six, putting the mould blank after rough machining in the step five into a vacuum induction furnace for heating and heat preservation, taking out the mould blank and putting the mould blank into a salt bath with certain temperature for cooling and heat preservation, tempering and heat preservation by an electric furnace, finally, finely grinding the surface of the mould, and grinding and polishing the mould cavity to obtain a finished product of the precision wire drawing mould.
2. The method for manufacturing a precision wire-drawing die for nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the smelting temperature is 1400 ℃ to 1600 ℃.
3. The method for manufacturing the precision wire-drawing die of nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the mass of the ferrosilicon nodulizer is 1.0-2.0% of the mass of the molten alloy liquid in the second step, and the mass of the rare earth inoculant is 1.8-3.0% of the mass of the molten alloy liquid in the second step.
4. The method for manufacturing a precision wire-drawing die for nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the temperature of a holding furnace is 1300-1500 ℃, the traction speed of a traction device is 2-4 cm/min, and room-temperature circulating water is adopted in a cooling system.
5. The method for manufacturing a precision wire-drawing die for nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the heating and heat preservation temperature is 900-1150 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20-60 min.
6. The method for manufacturing a precision wire-drawing die for nonferrous metals such as self-lubricating copper-aluminum stainless steel and the like according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the temperature for cooling and heat preservation is 200-350 ℃, the time for cooling and heat preservation is 1.0-3.0 times of the heating and heat preservation time in the fifth step, the temperature for tempering and heat preservation is 230 ℃, and the time for tempering and heat preservation is 1-3 hours.
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| CN113278826A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-20 | 西安斯瑞先进铜合金科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-permeability copper-infiltrated wire |
| JP2021186879A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-13 | 銅陵龍峰新材料有限公司 | Manufacturing method of zinc alloy wire for end surface metal spray of metalized film capacitor |
| CN114032447A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-11 | 西安理工大学 | Self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile and preparation method thereof |
| CN114045430A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-02-15 | 西安理工大学 | Self-lubricating extrusion die material for aluminum profile processing and method for manufacturing extrusion die |
| CN114045429A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-15 | 西安理工大学 | High-performance and long-service-life aluminum alloy stamping tool and die section bar and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2021186879A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-12-13 | 銅陵龍峰新材料有限公司 | Manufacturing method of zinc alloy wire for end surface metal spray of metalized film capacitor |
| CN113278826A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-20 | 西安斯瑞先进铜合金科技有限公司 | Preparation method of high-permeability copper-infiltrated wire |
| CN114045430A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2022-02-15 | 西安理工大学 | Self-lubricating extrusion die material for aluminum profile processing and method for manufacturing extrusion die |
| CN114032447A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-11 | 西安理工大学 | Self-lubricating aluminum alloy extrusion die profile and preparation method thereof |
| CN114045429A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-15 | 西安理工大学 | High-performance and long-service-life aluminum alloy stamping tool and die section bar and preparation method thereof |
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