CN114951942A - Vacuum electron beam welding method for wide-gap blank - Google Patents
Vacuum electron beam welding method for wide-gap blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN114951942A CN114951942A CN202210782722.1A CN202210782722A CN114951942A CN 114951942 A CN114951942 A CN 114951942A CN 202210782722 A CN202210782722 A CN 202210782722A CN 114951942 A CN114951942 A CN 114951942A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 210
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electron beam welding, and particularly relates to a vacuum electron beam welding method for a blank with a wide gap, which is suitable for a vacuum electron beam packaging process of a blank to be welded with a gap of 0.5-3 mm. The process comprises the following steps: firstly, mechanically polishing blanks to be welded, cleaning the surfaces to be welded, and stacking the blanks to be welded to enable the upper and lower planes of each blank to be welded to be opposite; and vacuumizing the stacked blanks, performing small-beam scanning pre-welding on the upper edge of the gap on the blanks, performing small-beam scanning pre-welding on the lower edge of the gap on the blanks, and finally performing formal welding on the gap by using the assembly welding beam. According to the invention, the electron beam scanning welding is carried out on the upper blank and the lower blank of the gap, so that the upper blank and the lower blank of the gap are locally melted, the width of the gap is reduced, the problem that the welding cannot be carried out by a vacuum electron beam method due to the overlarge gap between the blanks to be welded is avoided, the machining process of the blanks is omitted, and the working efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electron beam welding, and particularly relates to a vacuum electron beam welding method for a blank with a wide gap, which is suitable for a vacuum electron beam packaging process of a blank to be welded with a gap of 0.5-3 mm.
Background
The metal construction forming technology is a brand-new large forging manufacturing technology which is proposed in recent 10 years, and takes a plurality of homogenized small-size plate blanks as elements, and the surface cleaning, the vacuum packaging, the high-temperature heating, the deformation connection, the forging forming and other steps are carried out to eliminate interfaces, realize the traceless connection and finally obtain an integrated large-size homogeneous component. The technology skillfully combines the traditional forging means and the emerging additive manufacturing, greatly shortens the difference of the performance level from laboratory materials to engineering components, and is particularly suitable for solving the homogenization preparation problem of key large components in the nuclear power field.
Traditionally, vacuum packaging is performed by vacuum electron beam welding or manual welding when a metal construction forming technology is used, so that vacuum state is maintained between construction elements, and complete connection is realized in a subsequent thermal deformation process. However, for a part of metals to be welded, due to the fact that the surface is not flat or the surface is not flat due to the welding deformation before the part of metals to be welded, two adjacent blanks have a large gap after the blanks are stacked and assembled, the vacuum electron beams cannot be used for directly sealing and welding, or the phenomena of welding missing, deep pits and cracking can occur after the welding is completed, so that vacuum breaking between building elements is caused, the interface is polluted by the atmosphere, oxidation is caused, and the building failure can be directly caused. Therefore, if the welding problem of welding the wide-gap blank by adopting the vacuum electron beam can be solved through a new technology, the sealing welding efficiency of the wide-gap blank can be greatly improved, and the productivity is further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vacuum electron beam welding method for wide-gap blanks, which is used for solving the welding problem that the wide-gap blanks cannot be welded by vacuum electron beams.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a vacuum electron beam welding method for wide-gap blanks is characterized in that a gap between blanks to be welded is 0.5-3 mm, when the blanks are welded in a vacuum electron beam mode, pre-welding is conducted on the blanks before welding, namely the upper edge and the lower edge of the gap of the blanks to be welded are respectively pre-welded through electron beam scanning, so that the width of the gap is reduced, and then formal welding is conducted on the welded gap.
The vacuum electron beam welding method of the wide-gap blank comprises the following steps:
1) mechanically polishing a blank to be welded and cleaning a surface to be welded;
2) stacking the blanks to be welded to enable the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of two adjacent blanks to be welded to be in contact alignment;
3) putting the stacked blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, so that the two adjacent blanks to be welded are in a vacuum state;
4) firstly, scanning and pre-welding a small beam along the upper edge of a gap between blanks to be welded, and then scanning and pre-welding the lower edge of the gap, so that the width of the gap between the blanks to be welded is reduced, and the gap can reach the level of directly adopting electron beam welding;
5) and (3) carrying out component welding on the blanks to be welded by adopting a welding beam, wherein the welding seam surrounds the periphery of the blanks to be welded, so that vacuum packaging of two adjacent blanks to be welded is realized, and the vacuum state between the blanks to be welded is still kept after the blanks to be welded are discharged from the vacuum chamber.
In the vacuum electron beam welding method of the wide-gap blank, in the step 2), the misalignment amount of the adjacent blanks to be welded is not more than 2mm after the blanks to be welded are aligned.
The vacuum electron beam welding method of the wide-gap blank comprises the step 3), wherein the vacuum degree of a vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 8 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa。
When the electron beam is adopted to scan and preweld the upper edge of the seam of the blank to be welded, the scanning center position of the electron beam is 0.3-2 mm away from the blank to be welded on the upper edge of the seam, and the scanning radius is 0.5-3 mm; the accelerating voltage is 80-100 kV, the welding beam current is 50-100 mA, and the scanning speed is 150-400 mm/min.
According to the vacuum electron beam welding method of the wide-gap blank, when scanning pre-welding is carried out on the lower edge of the gap of the blank to be welded by adopting an electron beam, the scanning center position of the electron beam is 0.3-2 mm away from the blank to be welded on the lower edge of the gap, and the scanning radius is 0.5-3 mm; the accelerating voltage is 80-100 kV, the welding beam current is 50-100 mA, and the scanning speed is 150-400 mm/min.
In the vacuum electron beam welding method of the wide-gap blank, in the step 5), the welding sequence is as follows: firstly welding one edge, then rotating the blank to be welded by 180 degrees, welding a second edge, then rotating by 90 degrees, welding a third edge, and finally rotating by 180 degrees, welding a 4 th edge; when the multilayer welding seams are welded simultaneously, the welding sequence is from top to bottom in layers.
According to the vacuum electron beam welding method of the wide-gap blank, when formal welding of the assembly is carried out, the welding acceleration voltage is 80-100 kV, the welding beam current is 80-150 mA, and the welding speed is 150-300 mm/min.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the invention carries out scanning pre-welding on the local blank near the welding seam of the blank to be welded, melts metal at the edge of the seam through electron beam scanning welding, thereby reducing the width of the seam to reach the welding level, and finally completes formal welding of the assembly by adopting the electron beam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can realize the electron beam welding of the wide-gap blank, thereby realizing the vacuum packaging of the blank. The existing electron beam welding technology has high requirements on gaps of metals to be welded, the gaps are generally required to be smaller than 0.5mm, a machining mode is usually adopted for blanks with large gaps, the flatness of the blanks is improved, the gaps of the blanks after assembly are reduced, the process is complex, and the production efficiency is low. The difficulty of improving the flatness of a part of large-size blank by machining is high, or the blank deforms in the process of welding in the previous process to cause unevenness, and if the electron beam welding is directly adopted, welding defects such as missing welding, pits and cracks are easily formed in the welding process to cause the vacuum packaging failure of the blank. The vacuum electron beam packaging method provided by the invention can be used for scanning and pre-welding the blank along the local upper edge and the local lower edge of the gap, effectively reducing the gap of the blank to be welded, having enough fusion depth and avoiding the cracking of the welding line, thereby maintaining the vacuum state of the interface between the blanks and realizing the vacuum electron beam welding of the blank with the wide gap.
2. According to the invention, the electron beam scanning welding is carried out on the upper blank and the lower blank of the gap, so that the blanks are melted locally along the upper edge and the lower edge of the gap, the width of the gap is reduced, the problem that the gap between the blanks to be welded is too large and cannot be welded by a vacuum electron beam method is solved, the machining process of the blank machine is omitted, and the working efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required in the embodiment of the present invention:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the upper edge of a pre-welding seam scanned by an electron beam.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the lower edge of the pre-welded seam scanned by the electron beam.
The numbering in the figures illustrates: the method comprises the following steps of 1 electron beam emission gun, 2 electron beams, 3 blanks to be welded, 4 gaps, 5 gap upper edges, 6 gap lower edges and 7 scanning centers.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the invention provides a vacuum electron beam welding method of wide-gap blanks, which comprises the steps of firstly taking forged blanks, casting blanks, rolling blanks and the like as welding blanks, stacking more than two blanks to be welded together after surface machining and cleaning treatment, and enabling the adjacent blanks to be welded to be aligned. Then more than two stacked blanks to be welded are placed into a vacuum chamber for vacuum pumping, and scanning pre-welding is carried out on the upper edge and the lower edge of a gap between the blanks by adopting an electron beam, so that the width of the gap is reduced, and the gap can be directly welded; and after pre-welding, formally welding the gap to finally realize vacuum sealing welding of the blank. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, cleaning the upper and lower surfaces of the processed blank to be welded by adopting methods such as machining, grinding, cleaning by using a cleaning solution, laser cleaning, electrolytic polishing and the like.
Secondly, stacking the cleaned plurality of construction elements, enabling the upper plane and the lower plane of each blank to be welded to be opposite, enabling the upper surface and the lower surface of two adjacent elements to be in contact alignment, and enabling the misalignment amount to be not more than 2mm after the alignment.
Thirdly, placing the stacked blanks into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing to ensure that the two adjacent blanks are in a vacuum state, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 8 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa。
And fourthly, adopting a scanning welding process with the accelerating voltage of 80-100 kV, the beam current of 50-100 mA and the scanning speed of 150-400 mm/min, firstly carrying out scanning welding on the upper edge of the blank at a position 0.3-2 mm away from the gap (figure 1), and then carrying out scanning welding on the lower edge of the gap by adopting the same process (figure 2), wherein the scanning radius is 0.5-3 mm, so that the width of the gap between the blanks is reduced, and the gap can reach the level of directly adopting electron beam for welding.
As shown in fig. 1-2, an electron beam outlet of an electron beam emission gun 1 corresponds to a gap 4 between two adjacent layers of blanks to be welded 3 along the horizontal direction, and the electron beam emission gun 1 is used for generating an electron beam 2 to perform scanning welding. When the blank edge of the upper edge 5 of the gap is scanned and welded, the distance between the scanning center 7 and the upper edge 5 of the gap is 0.3-2 mm; when the blank edge of the lower edge 6 of the gap is subjected to scanning welding, the distance between the scanning center 7 and the lower edge 6 of the gap is 0.3-2 mm.
Fifthly, welding is carried out along the central position of the contact gap of each blank, and the welding seam surrounds the periphery of the blank, so that vacuum packaging of two adjacent building elements is realized, and the vacuum state between the elements can be still maintained after the elements are discharged from a vacuum chamber. The welding sequence is as follows: firstly welding one edge, then rotating the blank by 180 degrees, welding the second edge, then rotating by 90 degrees, welding the third edge, and finally rotating by 180 degrees, welding the 4 th edge. When the multilayer welding seams are welded simultaneously, the welding sequence is from top to bottom in layers. The welding accelerating voltage is 80-100 kV, the welding beam current is 80-150 mA, and the welding speed is 150-300 mm/min.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments, and covers any modifications, substitutions and improvements of equivalent means without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the material of the blank to be welded is 316H stainless steel. Through surface machining and degreasing cleaning, the corner gap of the square blank to be welded is 2.5mm after assembly and stacking, and the gap of the middle position is 1-2 mm. Then, placing a plurality of stacked (5 in this embodiment) blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, and scanning and pre-welding the upper edge and the lower edge of the gap between the blanks by adopting an electron beam, so that the width of the gap is reduced, and the gap can be directly welded; and after pre-welding, formally welding the gap to finally realize vacuum sealing welding of the blank. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, mechanically polishing the upper and lower surfaces of a processed blank to be welded, and then cleaning the blank by using alcohol.
And secondly, stacking the cleaned blanks to be welded, and aligning the upper and lower surfaces of the blanks to be welded in a contact manner, wherein the misalignment amount is 0.5mm after the alignment.
Thirdly, placing the stacked blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing to ensure that the two adjacent blanks to be welded are in a vacuum state, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 6.6 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa。
And fourthly, adopting a scanning welding process with the acceleration voltage of 90kV, the beam current of 70mA and the scanning speed of 400mm/min, firstly carrying out scanning welding on the upper edge of the position 1mm away from the gap along the edge of the blank to be welded, wherein the scanning welding radius is 2mm (figure 1), then adopting the same process and carrying out scanning welding on the lower edge of the position 1mm away from the gap along the edge of the blank to be welded, wherein the scanning welding radius is 2mm (figure 2), thereby reducing the width of the gap between the blanks to be welded and enabling the gap to reach the level of directly adopting electron beam welding.
Fifthly, welding is carried out along the center of the contact gap of the blank to be welded, and the welding seam surrounds the periphery of the blank to be welded, so that vacuum packaging of two adjacent building elements is realized, and the vacuum state between the elements can still be maintained after the elements are discharged from the vacuum chamber. The welding sequence is as follows: firstly welding one edge, then rotating the blank to be welded by 180 degrees, welding the second edge, then rotating by 90 degrees, welding the third edge, and finally rotating by 180 degrees, welding the 4 th edge. The welding accelerating voltage is 90kV, the welding beam current is 100mA, the welding speed is 200mm/min, and finally sealing welding is finished.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the material of the blank to be welded is Q345 steel. Through surface machining and degreasing cleaning, the corner gap of the square blank to be welded is 1.5mm after assembly and stacking, and the gap of the middle position is 1 mm. Then, placing a plurality of stacked blanks to be welded (10 blanks in the embodiment) into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, and scanning and pre-welding the upper edge and the lower edge of the gap between the blanks to be welded by adopting an electron beam, so that the width of the gap is reduced, and the gap can be directly welded; and after pre-welding, formally welding the gap, and finally realizing vacuum seal welding of the blank to be welded. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, mechanically polishing the upper and lower surfaces of a processed blank to be welded, and then cleaning the blank by using alcohol.
And secondly, stacking the cleaned blanks to be welded, and aligning the upper surface and the lower surface of the blanks to be welded in a contact manner, wherein the misalignment amount is 1.0mm after the alignment.
Thirdly, placing the stacked blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing to ensure that the two adjacent blanks to be welded are in a vacuum state, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 5 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa。
And fourthly, adopting a scanning welding process with the accelerating voltage of 100kV, the beam current of 50mA and the scanning speed of 200mm/min, firstly carrying out scanning welding on the upper edge of the position 0.5mm away from the gap along the edge of the blank to be welded, wherein the scanning welding radius is 1mm (figure 1), then adopting the same process to carry out scanning welding on the lower edge of the position 0.5mm away from the gap along the edge of the blank to be welded, wherein the scanning welding radius is 1mm (figure 2), thereby reducing the width of the gap between the blanks to be welded and enabling the gap to reach the level of directly adopting electron beam welding.
Fifthly, welding is carried out along the center of the contact gap of the blank to be welded, and the welding seam surrounds the periphery of the blank to be welded, so that vacuum packaging of two adjacent building elements is realized, and the vacuum state between the elements can still be maintained after the elements are discharged from the vacuum chamber. The welding sequence is as follows: firstly welding one edge, then rotating the blank to be welded by 180 degrees, welding the second edge, then rotating by 90 degrees, welding the third edge, and finally rotating by 180 degrees, welding the 4 th edge. The welding accelerating voltage is 100kV, the welding beam current is 130mA, the welding speed is 200mm/min, and finally sealing welding is finished.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the material of the blank to be welded is SA508-3 steel. Through surface machining and degreasing cleaning, the corner gap of the square blank to be welded is 3.0mm after assembly and stacking, and the gap of the middle position is 1-2 mm. Then, placing a plurality of stacked (7 in the embodiment) blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, and scanning and pre-welding the upper edge and the lower edge of the gap between the blanks to be welded by adopting an electron beam, so that the width of the gap is reduced, and the gap can be directly welded; and after pre-welding, formally welding the gap, and finally realizing vacuum seal welding of the blank to be welded. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, mechanically polishing the upper and lower surfaces of a processed blank to be welded, and then cleaning the blank by using alcohol.
And secondly, stacking the cleaned blanks to be welded, and aligning the upper and lower surfaces of the blanks to be welded in a contact manner, wherein the misalignment amount is 2.0mm after the alignment.
Thirdly, placing the stacked blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing to ensure that the two adjacent blanks to be welded are in a vacuum state, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 7 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa。
And fourthly, adopting a scanning welding process with the acceleration voltage of 100kV, the beam current of 80mA and the scanning speed of 150mm/min, firstly carrying out scanning welding on the upper edge of the position 2mm away from the gap along the edge of the blank to be welded, wherein the scanning welding radius is 3mm (figure 1), then adopting the same process and carrying out scanning welding on the lower edge of the position 2mm away from the gap along the edge of the blank to be welded, wherein the scanning welding radius is 3mm (figure 2), thereby reducing the width of the gap between the blanks to be welded and enabling the gap to reach the level of directly adopting electron beam welding.
Fifthly, welding is carried out along the center of the contact gap of the blank to be welded, and the welding seam surrounds the periphery of the blank to be welded, so that vacuum packaging of two adjacent building elements is realized, and the vacuum state between the elements can still be maintained after the elements are discharged from the vacuum chamber. The welding sequence is as follows: firstly welding one edge, then rotating the blank to be welded by 180 degrees, welding the second edge, then rotating by 90 degrees, welding the third edge, and finally rotating by 180 degrees, welding the 4 th edge. The welding accelerating voltage is 100kV, the welding beam current is 150mA, the welding speed is 250mm/min, and finally sealing welding is finished.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the material of the blank to be welded is 304 stainless steel. Through surface machining and degreasing cleaning, the corner gap of the square blank to be welded is 1mm after assembly and stacking, and the gap of the middle position is 0.5 mm. Then, putting a plurality of stacked (3 in the embodiment) blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, and scanning and pre-welding the upper edge and the lower edge of the gap between the blanks to be welded by adopting an electron beam, so that the width of the gap is reduced, and the gap can be directly welded; and after pre-welding, formally welding the gap, and finally realizing vacuum seal welding of the blank to be welded. The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, mechanically polishing the upper and lower surfaces of a processed blank to be welded, and then cleaning the blank by using alcohol.
And secondly, stacking the cleaned blanks to be welded, and aligning the upper surface and the lower surface of the blanks to be welded in a contact manner, wherein the misalignment amount is 1.5mm after the alignment.
Thirdly, placing the stacked blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing to ensure that the two adjacent blanks to be welded are in a vacuum state, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is 6 multiplied by 10 -2 Pa。
And fourthly, adopting a scanning welding process with the accelerating voltage of 80kV, the beam current of 100mA and the scanning speed of 300mm/min, firstly carrying out scanning welding on the upper edge of the position 0.3mm away from the gap along the edge of the blank to be welded, wherein the scanning welding radius is 0.5mm (figure 1), then adopting the same process to carry out scanning welding on the lower edge of the position 0.3mm away from the gap along the edge of the blank to be welded, and the scanning welding radius is 0.5mm (figure 2), thereby reducing the width of the gap between the blanks to be welded and enabling the gap to reach the level of directly adopting electron beam welding.
Fifthly, welding is carried out along the center of the contact gap of the blank to be welded, and the welding seam surrounds the periphery of the blank to be welded, so that vacuum packaging of two adjacent building elements is realized, and the vacuum state between the elements can still be maintained after the elements are discharged from the vacuum chamber. The welding sequence is as follows: firstly welding one edge, then rotating the blank to be welded by 180 degrees, welding the second edge, then rotating by 90 degrees, welding the third edge, and finally rotating by 180 degrees, welding the 4 th edge. The welding accelerating voltage is 80kV, the welding beam current is 120mA, the welding speed is 250mm/min, and finally sealing welding is finished.
The embodiment result shows that the method solves the problems of welding seam missing, pit and cracking of the wide-gap blank caused by overlarge gap in the electron beam cross street process. The welding method can effectively realize the electron beam sealing welding of the wide-gap blank and improve the production efficiency.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A vacuum electron beam welding method for wide-gap blanks is characterized in that when the blanks are welded in a vacuum electron beam mode, the blanks are pre-welded before welding, namely the upper edge and the lower edge of the gap of the blanks to be welded are respectively pre-welded through electron beam scanning, so that the width of the gap is reduced, and then the gap is formally welded.
2. A method of vacuum electron beam welding of wide gap blanks as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) mechanically polishing a blank to be welded and cleaning a surface to be welded;
2) stacking the blanks to be welded to enable the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of two adjacent blanks to be welded to be in contact alignment;
3) putting the stacked blanks to be welded into a vacuum chamber for vacuumizing, so that the two adjacent blanks to be welded are in a vacuum state;
4) firstly, scanning and pre-welding a small beam along the upper edge of a gap between blanks to be welded, and then scanning and pre-welding the lower edge of the gap, so that the width of the gap between the blanks to be welded is reduced, and the gap can reach the level of directly adopting electron beam welding;
5) and (3) carrying out component welding on the blanks to be welded by adopting a welding beam, wherein the welding seam surrounds the periphery of the blanks to be welded, so that vacuum packaging of two adjacent blanks to be welded is realized, and the vacuum state between the blanks to be welded is still kept after the blanks to be welded are discharged from the vacuum chamber.
3. The vacuum electron beam welding method of a wide gap blank according to claim 2, wherein in step 2), the misalignment amount of adjacent blanks to be welded after the blanks to be welded are aligned is not more than 2 mm.
4. The method for vacuum electron beam welding of wide gap blanks as recited in claim 2, wherein in step 3), the vacuum degree of the vacuum chamber is less than or equal to 8 x 10 -2 Pa。
5. The vacuum electron beam welding method of the wide-gap blank according to claim 1, characterized in that when the upper edge of the gap of the blank to be welded is scanned and pre-welded by the electron beam, the scanning center position of the electron beam is 0.3-2 mm away from the blank to be welded on the upper edge of the gap, and the scanning radius is 0.5-3 mm; the accelerating voltage is 80-100 kV, the welding beam current is 50-100 mA, and the scanning speed is 150-400 mm/min.
6. The vacuum electron beam welding method of the wide-gap blank according to claim 1, characterized in that when the scanning pre-welding is performed on the lower edge of the gap of the blank to be welded by adopting the electron beam, the scanning center position of the electron beam is 0.3-2 mm away from the blank to be welded on the lower edge of the gap, and the scanning radius is 0.5-3 mm; the acceleration voltage is 80-100 kV, the welding beam current is 50-100 mA, and the scanning speed is 150-400 mm/min.
7. The vacuum electron beam welding method of wide gap blanks as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step 5), the welding sequence is: firstly welding one edge, then rotating the blank to be welded by 180 degrees, welding a second edge, then rotating by 90 degrees, welding a third edge, and finally rotating by 180 degrees, welding a 4 th edge; when the multilayer welding seams are welded simultaneously, the welding sequence is from top to bottom in layers.
8. The vacuum electron beam welding method for a wide gap blank according to claim 1, wherein a welding acceleration voltage is 80 to 100kV, a welding beam current is 80 to 150mA, and a welding speed is 150 to 300mm/min when formal welding of a component is performed.
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| CN102649192A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-29 | 西安航天动力机械厂 | Method of vacuum electron beam butt welding in condition of superstandard assembling clearance |
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| CN112475583A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-03-12 | 伊莱特能源装备股份有限公司 | Method for improving sealing welding efficiency of vacuum electron beam of multilayer plate blank |
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| CN102649192A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-29 | 西安航天动力机械厂 | Method of vacuum electron beam butt welding in condition of superstandard assembling clearance |
| CN106392294A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-02-15 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for special-shaped thin-walled metal plate welding structure cabin |
| CN110681973A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-01-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Vacuum electron beam seal welding method for composite blank for rolling composite plate |
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