CN106695106A - Vacuum electron beam welding method and application of vacuum electron beam welding method to welding of hydroelectric steel - Google Patents
Vacuum electron beam welding method and application of vacuum electron beam welding method to welding of hydroelectric steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN106695106A CN106695106A CN201611129671.3A CN201611129671A CN106695106A CN 106695106 A CN106695106 A CN 106695106A CN 201611129671 A CN201611129671 A CN 201611129671A CN 106695106 A CN106695106 A CN 106695106A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/06—Electron-beam welding or cutting within a vacuum chamber
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum electron beam welding method and the application of the vacuum electron beam welding method to welding of the hydroelectric steel. The vacuum electron beam welding method comprises the steps of surface treatment, combination, vacuum electron beam defocusing blowing, vacuum electron beam preheating welding, vacuum electron beam fusion welding, vacuum electron beam local heat treatment and vacuum-keeping slow cooling. The vacuum electron beam welding method aims to achieve vacuum electron beam welding of two pieces of hydroelectric steel, the welding efficiency is high, the welding performance is stable, the welding quality is excellent, the weld joint quality meets the GJB 1718-2005 I-level requirement, the strength coefficient of the welded joint is larger than or equal to 0.91, the requirement for welding of large-thickness hydroelectric steel billets can be completely met, and the vacuum electron beam welding method can be applied and popularized to welding of large-size components which are made of other materials, poor in welding performance, complicated in welding technology and large in workload.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field welded, it is specifically related to a kind of water-power steel vacuum electron beam welding method and answers
With.
Background technology
Vacuum electron beam welding (EBW) advantage be welding energy density it is very high (>106W/cm2), for any material its
Weld seam can rapid melting, formed by part own material welding, speed of welding is fast, heat affected area scope very little；It is welded on true
Carry out in the air, can prevent material oxidation and other pernicious gases from invading；Can obtain very big welding seam deep width ratio, weld seam it is not only deep but also
It is narrow, thus soldering part deformation is small；Electron beam can gather very thin, and deflection is convenient, so solderable very fine parts.To special knot
Structure and especially fine part electron beam welding are particularly suitable for.Therefore, it is just industrial in Aeronautics and Astronautics since the birth
Extensive use is arrived.Aeronautics and Astronautics industry material requested is special --- and titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, high strength alloy steel etc. are more, mostly
It is required that various welding structures have high intensity, low weight and high reliability.And electron beam welding in itself it is intrinsic the characteristics of
Successfully solve many key technical problems in this class formation.
For current big thickness steel billet welding, bevelling is needed using traditional welding method, groove width is larger, weldering
Seam forming difficulty, welding deformation is larger, and weld cleaning is difficult, efficiency is low and block blank of poor welding quality, especially two between it is clean
The problems such as cleanliness, vacuum, is difficult to ensure that, limits conventional bonding technique and preparing the application in big thickness composite blank field.Separately
Outward, vacuum electron beam welding instant melting rapid solidification again, the cooling velocity of weld seam is very fast, and water-power steel is (i.e. in water power
The steel used in mesh) composition and quenching degree, all determine that it is readily available in quick cooling and cold crack sensitivity hardened
Tissue, easily causes weld cracking in vacuum electron beam welding or the operation of rolling.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of water-power steel vacuum electron beam welding work
Skill, the penetration capacity that has using electron beam welding is strong, heat input is small, depth-to-width ratio is big, weld seam high purity under vacuum condition,
Welding deformation and residual stress are small, high degree of automation the features such as, further expand the application field of vacuum electron beam welding.Profit
Welding is implemented to 200-400mm thickness water-power steel bases with vacuum electron beam welding technology, answering for twice original thickness is prepared into
Blank is closed, and is not ftractureed after high temperature rolling, finally roll into hydroelectric project super-thick steel plate.
Technical purpose of the invention is achieved by following technical proposals：
A kind of vacuum electron beam welding method, is carried out as steps described below：
Step 1, surface treatment removes two pieces of steel plate blank horizontal positioneds to be processed and completely steel plate blank surface
Iron scale, so that fresh metal is all exposed on each surface of steel plate blank, and ensures two pieces of length differences of blank, stand outs
≤ 1mm, roughness is 1.8-3.3um；
In step 1, it is machined out using planer-type milling machine, so that the surface of steel plate blank, cross section, longitudinal section whole
Expose fresh metal；Roughness is 1.9-3.1um；After exposing fresh metal, using alcohol or acetone or carbon tetrachloride to new
Fresh metal covering carries out secondary cleaning, goes to degrease, and is finally dried up with hand-held blower fan.
Step 2, steel plate blank combination, the fresh metal face of two blocks of blanks is oppositely arranged, so that two pieces of blank groups are right together
Just, then faying face gap≤0.38mm, unfitness of butt joint≤0.5mm is fixed, in charge length side using manual arc welding
One section is respectively welded per side to width, is arranged symmetrically, per segment length 50-80mm；
In step 2, in manual electric arc welding, welding rod bakees more than 1h by 100-148 DEG C, using multi-pass welding
Connect, welding bead temperature≤98 DEG C, postwelding manual grinding weld seam exposes metallic luster.
Step 3, vacuum electron beam defocuses purging, and blank after combination is translated into vacuum chamber, vacuumizes, until vacuum reaches
To 2.5 × 10-2Pa—1×10-1Pa, at two pieces of combination gaps of blank, is purged, defocus(s)ed beam using defocus(s)ed beam
Defocusing amount control in 0.5~1.5mm, the accelerating potential of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled in 45-55KV, the line control of defocus(s)ed beam
In 55~80mA, sweep speed is controlled in 14~18mm/s system, to remove the weld seam impurity such as moisture and greasy dirt nearby；
In step 3, vacuumize, until vacuum reaches 2.3 × 10-2Pa—1.1×10-1Pa, using defocus(s)ed beam
Purging, in 0.9~1.2mm, the accelerating potential of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled in 45-53KV, dissipated for the defocusing amount control of defocus(s)ed beam
In 56~78mA, sweep speed is controlled in 14.3~16.8mm/s for the line control of burnt electron beam.
Step 4, vacuum electron beam preheated weld is welded using defocus(s)ed beam at two pieces of gaps to be welded of blank to be welded
Bottoming is preheated, and in 65-80KV, the line of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled in 105~125mA for the accelerating potential control of defocus(s)ed beam,
Sweep speed is controlled in 10-15mm/s, sweep length 6-12mm.
In step 4, in 65-80KV, the line of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled 106 for the accelerating potential control of defocus(s)ed beam
~124mA, sweep speed is controlled in 11.2-13.1mm/s, sweep length 6.1-10.2mm.
Step 5, vacuum electron beam melting welding, after bottoming preheating, using lower focal circle ripple electron beam to two blocks of blanks to be welded
Between weld seam carry out deep penetration welding and connect, accelerating potential 70-80KV, focus current is 2200~2350mA, electronic beam current is 300~
400mA, speed of welding is 6-10mm/s, scan amplitude 1-3mm (the i.e. scannings of electron beam X-direction of plane where weld seam
The amplitude of oscillation is equal with electron beam scanning amplitude of oscillation of the Y direction of plane where weld seam)；
In steps of 5, accelerating potential 70-80KV, focus current be 2210~2330mA, electronic beam current be 310~
390mA, speed of welding is 6.1-9.1mm/s, scan amplitude 1.3-2.6mm.
Step 6, electron beam local heat treatment, accelerating potential 50-60KV, electronic beam current is 90~120mA, scanning speed
In 12-16mm/s, the scanning amplitude of oscillation of electron beam X-direction of plane where weld seam is 10mm-20mm, Y direction for degree control
The scanning amplitude of oscillation be 25-40mm.
In step 6, accelerating potential 55-60KV, electronic beam current is 97~116mA, and sweep speed is controlled in 12.3-
15.1mm/s, the scanning amplitude of oscillation of electron beam X-direction of plane where weld seam is 11mm-20mm, the scanning amplitude of oscillation of Y direction
It is 25-40mm, is the left and right amplitude of oscillation of electron beam along the scanning amplitude of oscillation of X-direction, along sweeping for Y direction as shown in figure 1 and 2
Retouch the front and rear amplitude of oscillation that the amplitude of oscillation is electron beam.
Step 7, fidelity sky slow cooling, welding finishes follow-up continuation of insurance more than vacuum 30min, further reduces the cooling of commissure
Speed, then vacuum breaker transports blank again, is hoisted in the trolley type heating furnace of 260-350 DEG C of furnace temperature, is heated, rolled,
It is used to produce the water power big thickness steel plate of big substance.
In step 3,4,5 and 6, the coil spacing workpiece distance of electron beam gun is 300-550mm, preferably 310-
530mm。
Application in being welded to water-power steel using above-mentioned electro-beam welding method.
The chemical analysis of water-power steel is as follows by weight percentage：C≤0.058%, Si≤0.18%, Mn 0.90-
1.18%, P≤0.0058%, S≤0.0031%, Cr 0.23-0.43%, Mo 0.31-0.49%, Ni≤0.16%, Cu≤
0.17-0.37%, V≤0.028%, Nb 0.027-0.039%, Ti 0.013-0.020%, B≤0.0011-0.0028%,
Als (dissolved aluminum) 0.16-0.22%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
The chemical composition of the water-power steel is C 0.05%, Si 0.17%, Mn 1.11%, P by weight percentage
0.0056%, S 0.0019%, Cr 0.41%, Mo 0.47%, Ni 0.14%, Cu 0.36%, V 0.026%, Nb
0.037%, Ti 0.019%, B 0.0027%, Als (dissolved aluminum) 0.21%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
The chemical composition of the water-power steel is C 0.041%, Si 0.16%, Mn 1.01%, P by weight percentage
0.0051%, S 0.0017%, Cr 0.37%, Mo 0.41%, Ni 0.12%, Cu 0.31%, V 0.024%, Nb
0.034%, Ti 0.017%, B 0.0021%, Als (dissolved aluminum) 0.19%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
The chemical composition of the water-power steel is C 0.031%, Si 0.14%, Mn 0.97%, P by weight percentage
0.0043%, S 0.0016%, Cr 0.31%, Mo 0.37%, Ni 0.11%, Cu 0.29%, V 0.021%, Nb
0.031%, Ti 0.016%, B 0.0019%, Als (dissolved aluminum) 0.18%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
The chemical composition of the water-power steel is C 0.027%, Si 0.13%, Mn 0.93%, P by weight percentage
0.0041%, S 0.0014%, Cr 0.30%, Mo 0.36%, Ni 0.09%, Cu 0.27%, V 0.019%, Nb
0.029%, Ti 0.014%, B 0.0014%, Als (dissolved aluminum) 0.17%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of vacuum electron beam welding technique, can fully meet big thickness water
The welding of electricity steel billet, there is provided brand-new welding parameter, it is ensured that weld penetration >=36mm, can effectively control weld crack
Produce, meet the stability requirement in the water-power steel base postwelding operation of rolling.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Thickness 200-400mm, width are realized using vacuum electron beam technique of the present invention
Degree 1860-2200mm, the welding of length 2600-4100mm water-power steel bases, welding efficiency are high, welding performance stabilization, weld matter
Amount is excellent, and weldquality meets GJB 1718-2005I grades of requirement, and intensity detection (reference standard is sampled and carried out to welding line joint
GB/T228 metal materials tensile testing at ambient temperature carries out tensile strength test), the strength factor >=0.91 (weldering of welding line joint
Seam strength of joint/strength of parent), the water-power steel material being made up of two blocks of water-power steel blanks of welding fabrication can be further used as
Raw material carries out the rolling of follow-up water-power steel base postwelding.
Technical scheme instead of that low production efficiency, welding deformation be big, welding quality be difficult to ensure card, consumption greatly, labor
Dynamic traditional melting welding that condition is poor, welding difficulty is big, weld seam and faying face high purity fast with speed of welding, welding deformation and
Residual stress is small, reprocesses that probability is few, and the manufacturing cycle is short, the advantage of low cost, can promote the use of other materials weldability it is poor,
In the large-size components welding that welding procedure is complicated and workload is big.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is vacuum electron beam welding tool structure of the present invention and welding track schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the structure and direction schematic diagram of plane where weld seam in vacuum electron beam welding of the present invention.
In figure, 1-water power steel blank, 1-1 is underlying water power steel blank, and 1-2 is water power steel billet above
Material, 2-electron beam, 3-welding track, 4-weld seam, 5-vacuum chamber.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is further illustrated with reference to specific embodiment.The water power steel blank for using is Shandong steel
Iron Group Co., Ltd produces.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment uses two pieces of 200mm × 2200mm × 4100mm (thickness × width x length) water power steel blanks, through vacuum electric
Beamlet is welded, and 394 ± 2mm × 2200mm × 4100mm (thickness × width x length) water power steel composite blank is prepared, for Rolling Production
Super-thick steel plate.
The chemical composition of the water-power steel base is by weight percentage：C 0.05%, Si 0.17%, Mn 1.11%,
P0.0056%, S 0.0019%, Cr 0.41%, Mo 0.47%, Ni 0.14%, Cu 0.36%, V 0.026%, Nb
0.037%, Ti 0.019%, B 0.0027%, Als 0.21%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
The vacuum electron beam welding technique of the water-power steel, comprises the following steps：
(1) it is surface-treated：By two pieces of blank horizontal positioneds, it is machined out by large-sized gantry milling machine, steel is removed completely
The iron scale of plate surface, the surface of steel plate after processing all exposes fresh metal, surface roughness 1.9um.Blank it is transversal
Face, longitudinal section will also carry out milling, until all expose fresh metal, and two pieces of length differences of blank of guarantee, stand out≤
1mm.Then secondary cleaning is carried out to fresh metal face using alcohol or acetone or carbon tetrachloride, goes to degrease.Finally with hand-held
Blower fan is dried up.
(2) combine：One piece of blank horizontal positioned, fresh metal are faced up, another piece is sling with clamp, fresh metal face
Overlay down above first block of blank.Two pieces of blank groups are aligned together, faying face gap 0.21mm, unfitness of butt joint 0.16mm.Then
Welded using manual arc, welding rod respectively welds 1 per side by 103 DEG C of baking 66min in charge length direction and width
Section, is arranged symmetrically, and per segment length 55mm, using multi-layer multi-pass welding, welding bead temperature≤98 DEG C, postwelding manual grinding weld seam exposes
Metallic luster.
(3) vacuum electron beam defocuses purging：Blank is transported to horizontal rail after combination, translates into vacuum chamber, closes sealing surface,
Vacuumize, until vacuum reaches 4.6 × 10-2Pa.At two pieces of combination gaps of blank, purged using defocus(s)ed beam, dissipated
The defocusing amount control of burnt electron beam is controlled in 46KV, the line control of defocus(s)ed beam in 0.9mm, the accelerating potential of defocus(s)ed beam
System is controlled in 16.3mm/s in 58mA, sweep speed, further the impurity such as moisture and greasy dirt near removal weld seam.
(4) vacuum electron beam preheated weld：Welded at two pieces of gaps to be welded of blank to be welded using defocus(s)ed beam and beaten
Bottom is preheated, and in 70KV, the line of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled in 110mA, sweep speed control for the accelerating potential control of defocus(s)ed beam
System is in 12.1mm/s, sweep length 6.3mm.
(5) vacuum electron beam melting welding：After bottoming preheating, using lower focal circle ripple electron beam between two blocks of blanks to be welded
Weld seam carry out deep penetration welding and connect.Accelerating potential 70KV, focus current is 2230mA, and electronic beam current is 320mA, and speed of welding is
8.9mm/s, scan amplitude 1.4mm.
(6) electron beam local heat treatment：Coil spacing workpiece is apart from 520mm, accelerating potential 50KV, electronic beam current
99mA, sweep speed control is 12mm, the scanning amplitude of oscillation of Y direction in the scanning amplitude of oscillation of X-direction in 14.9mm/s, electron beam
It is 26mm.
(7) fidelity sky slow cooling：Welding finishes follow-up continuation of insurance vacuum 36min, further reduces the cooling velocity of commissure, so
Vacuum breaker transports blank again afterwards, is hoisted in the trolley type heating furnace of 270 DEG C of furnace temperature, is heated, rolled, and is used to produce water power
With the big thickness steel plate of big substance.
Using vacuum electron beam technique of the present invention realize two pieces of 200mm × 2200mm × 4100mm (it is thick × wide ×
It is long) vacuum electron beam welding of water power steel blank, it has been made 394 ± 2mm × 2200mm × 4100mm (thickness × width x length) water power
Steel composite blank, weldquality meets GJB 1718-2005I grades of requirement, and intensity detection, weld seam are sampled and carried out to welding line joint
The strength factor 0.93 of joint.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment uses two pieces of 300mm × 2200mm × 4000mm (thickness × width x length) water power steel blanks, through vacuum electric
Beamlet is welded, and 593 ± 3mm × 2200mm × 4000mm (thickness × width x length) water power steel composite blank is prepared, for Rolling Production
Super-thick steel plate.
The chemical composition of the water-power steel base is by weight percentage：C 0.041%, Si 0.16%, Mn 1.01%,
P0.0051%, S 0.0017%, Cr 0.37%, Mo 0.41%, Ni 0.12%, Cu 0.31%, V 0.024%, Nb
0.034%, Ti 0.017%, B 0.0021%, Als 0.19%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
The vacuum electron beam welding technique of the water-power steel, comprises the following steps：
(1) it is surface-treated：By two pieces of blank horizontal positioneds, it is machined out by large-sized gantry milling machine, steel is removed completely
The iron scale of plate surface, the surface of steel plate after processing all exposes fresh metal, surface roughness 2.1um.Blank it is transversal
Face, longitudinal section will also carry out milling, until all expose fresh metal, and two pieces of length differences of blank of guarantee, stand out≤
1mm.Then secondary cleaning is carried out to fresh metal face using alcohol or acetone or carbon tetrachloride, goes to degrease.Finally with hand-held
Blower fan is dried up.
(2) combine：One piece of blank horizontal positioned, fresh metal are faced up, another piece is sling with clamp, fresh metal face
Overlay down above first block of blank.Two pieces of blank groups are aligned together, faying face gap 0.26mm, unfitness of butt joint 0.20mm.Then
Welded using manual arc, welding rod respectively welds 1 per side by 110 DEG C of baking 70min in charge length direction and width
Section, is arranged symmetrically, and per segment length 60mm, using multi-layer multi-pass welding, welding bead temperature≤98 DEG C, postwelding manual grinding weld seam exposes
Metallic luster.
(3) vacuum electron beam defocuses purging：Blank is transported to horizontal rail after combination, translates into vacuum chamber, closes sealing surface,
Vacuumize, until vacuum reaches 4.3 × 10-2Pa.At two pieces of combination gaps of blank, purged using defocus(s)ed beam, dissipated
The defocusing amount control of burnt electron beam is controlled in 50KV, the line control of defocus(s)ed beam in 1.0mm, the accelerating potential of defocus(s)ed beam
System is controlled in 15.1mm/s in 60mA, sweep speed, further the impurity such as moisture and greasy dirt near removal weld seam.
(4) vacuum electron beam preheated weld：Welded at two pieces of gaps to be welded of blank to be welded using defocus(s)ed beam and beaten
Bottom is preheated, and in 70KV, the line of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled in 116mA, sweep speed control for the accelerating potential control of defocus(s)ed beam
System is in 11.7mm/s, sweep length 8.2mm.
(5) vacuum electron beam melting welding：After bottoming preheating, using lower focal circle ripple electron beam between two blocks of blanks to be welded
Weld seam carry out deep penetration welding and connect.Accelerating potential 80KV, focus current is 2300mA, and electronic beam current is 360mA, and speed of welding is
7.4mm/s, scan amplitude 2.2mm.
(6) electron beam local heat treatment：Coil spacing workpiece is apart from 370mm, accelerating potential 60KV, electronic beam current
113mA, sweep speed control is 16mm in the scanning amplitude of oscillation of X-direction in 13.6mm/s, electron beam, and the scanning of Y direction is put
Width is 33mm.
(7) fidelity sky slow cooling：Welding finishes follow-up continuation of insurance vacuum 43min, further reduces the cooling velocity of commissure, so
Vacuum breaker transports blank again afterwards, is hoisted in the trolley type heating furnace of 300 DEG C of furnace temperature, is heated, rolled, and is used to produce water power
With the big thickness steel plate of big substance.
Using vacuum electron beam technique of the present invention realize two pieces of 300mm × 2200mm × 4000mm (it is thick × wide ×
It is long) vacuum electron beam welding of water power steel blank, it has been made 593 ± 3mm × 2200mm × 4000mm (thickness × width x length) water power
Steel composite blank, weldquality meets GJB 1718-2005I grades of requirement, and intensity detection, weld seam are sampled and carried out to welding line joint
The strength factor 0.92 of joint.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment uses two pieces of 400mm × 1860mm × 2600mm (thickness × width x length) water power steel blanks, through vacuum electric
Beamlet is welded, and 791 ± 3mm × 1860mm × 2600mm (thickness × width x length) water power steel composite blank is prepared, for Rolling Production
Super-thick steel plate.
The chemical composition of the water-power steel base is by weight percentage：C 0.031%, Si 0.14%, Mn 0.97%,
P0.0043%, S 0.0016%, Cr 0.31%, Mo 0.37%, Ni 0.11%, Cu 0.29%, V 0.021%, Nb
0.031%, Ti 0.016%, B 0.0019%, Als 0.18%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
The vacuum electron beam welding technique of the water-power steel, comprises the following steps：
(1) it is surface-treated：By two pieces of blank horizontal positioneds, it is machined out by large-sized gantry milling machine, steel is removed completely
The iron scale of plate surface, the surface of steel plate after processing all exposes fresh metal, surface roughness 2.7um.Blank it is transversal
Face, longitudinal section will also carry out milling, until all expose fresh metal, and two pieces of length differences of blank of guarantee, stand out≤
1mm.Then secondary cleaning is carried out to fresh metal face using alcohol or acetone or carbon tetrachloride, goes to degrease.Finally with hand-held
Blower fan is dried up.
(2) combine：One piece of blank horizontal positioned, fresh metal are faced up, another piece is sling with clamp, fresh metal face
Overlay down above first block of blank.Two pieces of blank groups are aligned together, faying face gap 0.31mm, unfitness of butt joint 0.28mm.Then
Welded using manual arc, welding rod respectively welds 1 per side by 120 DEG C of baking 76min in charge length direction and width
Section, is arranged symmetrically, and per segment length 56mm, using multi-layer multi-pass welding, welding bead temperature≤98 DEG C, postwelding manual grinding weld seam exposes
Metallic luster.
(3) vacuum electron beam defocuses purging：Blank is transported to horizontal rail after combination, translates into vacuum chamber, closes sealing surface,
Vacuumize, until vacuum reaches 3.2 × 10-2Pa.At two pieces of combination gaps of blank, purged using defocus(s)ed beam, dissipated
The defocusing amount control of burnt electron beam is controlled in 50KV, the line control of defocus(s)ed beam in 1.1mm, the accelerating potential of defocus(s)ed beam
System is controlled in 14.9mm/s in 70mA, sweep speed, further the impurity such as moisture and greasy dirt near removal weld seam.
(4) vacuum electron beam preheated weld：Welded at two pieces of gaps to be welded of blank to be welded using defocus(s)ed beam and beaten
Bottom is preheated, and in 80KV, the line of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled in 120mA, sweep speed control for the accelerating potential control of defocus(s)ed beam
System is in 11.5mm/s, sweep length 9.1mm.
(5) vacuum electron beam melting welding：After bottoming preheating, using lower focal circle ripple electron beam between two blocks of blanks to be welded
Weld seam carry out deep penetration welding and connect.Accelerating potential 80KV, focus current is 2310mA, and electronic beam current is 370mA, and speed of welding is
6.8mm/s, scan amplitude 2.4mm.
(6) electron beam local heat treatment：Coil spacing workpiece is apart from 340mm, accelerating potential 60KV, electronic beam current
114mA, sweep speed control is 18mm in the scanning amplitude of oscillation of X-direction in 12.9mm/s, electron beam, and the scanning of Y direction is put
Width is 36mm.
(7) fidelity sky slow cooling：Welding finishes follow-up continuation of insurance vacuum 46min, further reduces the cooling velocity of commissure, so
Vacuum breaker transports blank again afterwards, is hoisted in the trolley type heating furnace of 310 DEG C of furnace temperature, is heated, rolled, and is used to produce water power
With the big thickness steel plate of big substance.
Using vacuum electron beam technique of the present invention realize two pieces of 400mm × 1860mm × 2600mm (it is thick × wide ×
It is long) vacuum electron beam welding of water power steel blank, it has been made 791 ± 3mm × 1860mm × 2600mm (thickness × width x length) water power
Steel composite blank, weldquality meets GJB 1718-2005I grades of requirement, and intensity detection, weld seam are sampled and carried out to welding line joint
The strength factor 0.94 of joint.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment uses two pieces of 400mm × 2200mm × 4100mm (thickness × width x length) water power steel blanks, through vacuum electric
Beamlet is welded, and 790 ± 4mm × 2200mm × 4100mm (thickness × width x length) water power steel composite blank is prepared, for Rolling Production
Super-thick steel plate.
The chemical composition of the water-power steel base is by weight percentage：C 0.027%, Si 0.13%, Mn 0.93%,
P0.0041%, S 0.0014%, Cr 0.30%, Mo 0.36%, Ni 0.09%, Cu 0.27%, V 0.019%, Nb
0.029%, Ti 0.014%, B 0.0014%, Als 0.17%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
The vacuum electron beam welding technique of the water-power steel, comprises the following steps：
(1) it is surface-treated：By two pieces of blank horizontal positioneds, it is machined out by large-sized gantry milling machine, steel is removed completely
The iron scale of plate surface, the surface of steel plate after processing all exposes fresh metal, surface roughness 3.0um.Blank it is transversal
Face, longitudinal section will also carry out milling, until all expose fresh metal, and two pieces of length differences of blank of guarantee, stand out≤
1mm.Then secondary cleaning is carried out to fresh metal face using alcohol or acetone or carbon tetrachloride, goes to degrease.Finally with hand-held
Blower fan is dried up.
(2) combine：One piece of blank horizontal positioned, fresh metal are faced up, another piece is sling with clamp, fresh metal face
Overlay down above first block of blank.Two pieces of blank groups are aligned together, faying face gap 0.37mm, unfitness of butt joint 0.39mm.Then
Welded using manual arc, welding rod respectively welds 1 per side by 130 DEG C of baking 80min in charge length direction and width
Section, is arranged symmetrically, and per segment length 70mm, using multi-layer multi-pass welding, welding bead temperature≤98 DEG C, postwelding manual grinding weld seam exposes
Metallic luster.
(3) vacuum electron beam defocuses purging：Blank is transported to horizontal rail after combination, translates into vacuum chamber, closes sealing surface,
Vacuumize, until vacuum reaches 3.4 × 10-2Pa.At two pieces of combination gaps of blank, purged using defocus(s)ed beam, dissipated
The defocusing amount control of burnt electron beam is controlled in 50KV, the line control of defocus(s)ed beam in 1.1mm, the accelerating potential of defocus(s)ed beam
System is controlled in 14.5mm/s in 70mA, sweep speed, further the impurity such as moisture and greasy dirt near removal weld seam.
(4) vacuum electron beam preheated weld：Welded at two pieces of gaps to be welded of blank to be welded using defocus(s)ed beam and beaten
Bottom is preheated, and in 80KV, the line of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled in 123mA, sweep speed control for the accelerating potential control of defocus(s)ed beam
System is in 11.4mm/s, sweep length 9.7mm.
(5) vacuum electron beam melting welding：After bottoming preheating, using lower focal circle ripple electron beam between two blocks of blanks to be welded
Weld seam carry out deep penetration welding and connect.Accelerating potential 80KV, focus current is 2328mA, and electronic beam current is 380mA, and speed of welding is
6.4mm/s, scan amplitude 2.5mm.
(6) electron beam local heat treatment：Coil spacing workpiece is apart from 330mm, accelerating potential 60KV, electronic beam current
115mA, sweep speed control is 19mm in the scanning amplitude of oscillation of X-direction in 12.5mm/s, electron beam, and the scanning of Y direction is put
Width is 38mm.
(7) fidelity sky slow cooling：Welding finishes follow-up continuation of insurance vacuum 50min, further reduces the cooling velocity of commissure, so
Vacuum breaker transports blank again afterwards, is hoisted in the trolley type heating furnace of 330 DEG C of furnace temperature, is heated, rolled, and is used to produce water power
With the big thickness steel plate of big substance.
Using vacuum electron beam technique of the present invention realize two pieces of 400mm × 2200mm × 4100mm (it is thick × wide ×
It is long) vacuum electron beam welding of water power steel blank, it has been made 790 ± 4mm × 2200mm × 4100mm (thickness × width x length) water power
Steel composite blank, weldquality meets I grades of requirement of GJB 1718-2005, and intensity detection is sampled and carried out to welding line joint, welds
Sew up the strength factor 0.92 of head.
For four kinds of water-power steels that above-described embodiment is used, selected in technical parameter disclosed in present invention
Constructed with matching, be capable of achieving and the basically identical welding effect of embodiment, that is, realize two pieces of vacuum electronics of water power steel blank
Beam welding fabrication, weldquality meets I grades of requirement of GJB 1718-2005, and intensity detection is sampled and carried out to welding line joint, welds
The strength factor of head is sewed up more than 0.91.
Exemplary description is done to the present invention above, it should explanation, do not departed from the situation of core of the invention
Under, any simple deformation, modification or other skilled in the art can not spend the equivalent of creative work equal
Fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of vacuum electron beam welding method, it is characterised in that carry out as steps described below：
Step 1, surface treatment removes two pieces of steel plate blank horizontal positioneds to be processed and completely the oxidation of steel plate blank surface
Iron sheet so that fresh metal is all exposed on each surface of steel plate blank, and ensure two pieces of length differences of blank, stand out≤
1mm, roughness is 1.8-3.3um；
Step 2, steel plate blank combination, the fresh metal face of two blocks of blanks is oppositely arranged, so that two pieces of blank groups are aligned together, knot
Then conjunction face gap≤0.38mm, unfitness of butt joint≤0.5mm is fixed using manual arc welding, in charge length direction and
Width respectively one section of welding per side, is arranged symmetrically, per segment length 50-80mm；
Step 3, vacuum electron beam defocuses purging, and blank after combination is translated into vacuum chamber, vacuumizes, until vacuum reaches
2.5×10-2Pa—1×10-1Pa, at two pieces of combination gaps of blank, is purged using defocus(s)ed beam, defocus(s)ed beam
In 0.5~1.5mm, in 45-55KV, the line of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled for the accelerating potential control of defocus(s)ed beam for defocusing amount control
In 55~80mA, sweep speed is controlled in 14~18mm/s, to remove the weld seam impurity such as moisture and greasy dirt nearby；
Step 4, vacuum electron beam preheated weld welds bottoming using defocus(s)ed beam at two pieces of gaps to be welded of blank to be welded
Preheating, in 65-80KV, the line control of defocus(s)ed beam is in 105~125mA, scanning for the accelerating potential control of defocus(s)ed beam
Speed control is in 10-15mm/s, sweep length 6-12mm；
Step 5, vacuum electron beam melting welding, after bottoming preheating, using lower focal circle ripple electron beam between two blocks of blanks to be welded
Weld seam carry out deep penetration welding and connect, accelerating potential 70-80KV, focus current is 2200~2350mA, electronic beam current is 300~
400mA, speed of welding is 6-10mm/s, scan amplitude 1-3mm；
Step 6, electron beam local heat treatment, accelerating potential 50-60KV, electronic beam current is 90~120mA, sweep speed control
In 12-16mm/s, the scanning amplitude of oscillation of electron beam X-direction of plane where weld seam is 10mm-20mm to system, and Y direction is swept
The amplitude of oscillation is retouched for 25-40mm；
Step 7, fidelity sky slow cooling, welding finishes follow-up continuation of insurance more than vacuum 30min, further reduces the cooling speed of commissure
Degree, then vacuum breaker transports blank again.
2. a kind of vacuum electron beam welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 1, using gantry
Milling machine is machined out, so that fresh metal is all exposed on the surface of steel plate blank, cross section, longitudinal section；Roughness be 1.9-
3.1um；After exposing fresh metal, secondary cleaning is carried out to fresh metal face using alcohol or acetone or carbon tetrachloride, removed
Greasy dirt, is finally dried up with hand-held blower fan；In step 2, in manual electric arc welding, welding rod bakees more than 1h by 100-148 DEG C,
Using multi-layer multi-pass welding, welding bead temperature≤98 DEG C, postwelding manual grinding weld seam exposes metallic luster.
3. a kind of vacuum electron beam welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3, vacuumize,
Until vacuum reaches 2.3 × 10-2Pa—1.1×10-1Pa, is purged, the defocusing amount control of defocus(s)ed beam using defocus(s)ed beam
System in 0.9~1.2mm, the accelerating potential control of defocus(s)ed beam in 45-53KV, the line control of defocus(s)ed beam 56~
78mA, sweep speed is controlled in 14.3~16.8mm/s；In step 4, the accelerating potential of defocus(s)ed beam is controlled in 65-
80KV, in 106~124mA, sweep speed is controlled in 11.2-13.1mm/s, sweep length for the line control of defocus(s)ed beam
6.1-10.2mm；In steps of 5, accelerating potential 70-80KV, focus current be 2210~2330mA, electronic beam current be 310~
390mA, speed of welding is 6.1-9.1mm/s, scan amplitude 1.3-2.6mm.
4. a kind of vacuum electron beam welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 6, accelerating potential
55-60KV, electronic beam current is 97~116mA, and sweep speed is controlled in 12.3-15.1mm/s, electron beam plane where weld seam
The scanning amplitude of oscillation of X-direction be 11mm-20mm, the scanning amplitude of oscillation of Y direction is 25-40mm, along the scanning amplitude of oscillation of X-direction
It is the left and right amplitude of oscillation of electron beam, is the front and rear amplitude of oscillation of electron beam along the scanning amplitude of oscillation of Y direction.
5. a kind of vacuum electron beam welding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step 3,4,5 and 6,
The coil spacing workpiece distance of electron beam gun is 300-550mm, preferably 310-530mm.
6. the application such as one of claim 1-5 described electro-beam welding method in water-power steel welding, its feature exists
In the chemical analysis of water-power steel is as follows by weight percentage：C≤0.058%, Si≤0.18%, Mn 0.90-1.18%, P
≤ 0.0058%, S≤0.0031%, Cr 0.23-0.43%, Mo 0.31-0.49%, Ni≤0.16%, Cu≤0.17-
0.37%, V≤0.028%, Nb 0.027-0.039%, Ti 0.013-0.020%, B≤0.0011-0.0028%, Als (acid
Molten aluminium) 0.16-0.22%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity；After vacuum breaker transports blank, furnace temperature 260- is hoisted to
In 350 DEG C of trolley type heating furnace, heated, rolled, be used to produce the water power big thickness steel plate of big substance.
7. application according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the chemical composition of the water-power steel is by weight percentage
C 0.05%, Si 0.17%, Mn 1.11%, P 0.0056%, S 0.0019%, Cr 0.41%, Mo 0.47%,
Ni0.14%, Cu 0.36%, V 0.026%, Nb 0.037%, Ti 0.019%, B 0.0027%, Als (dissolved aluminum)
0.21%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
8. application according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the chemical composition of the water-power steel is by weight percentage
C 0.041%, Si 0.16%, Mn 1.01%, P 0.0051%, S 0.0017%, Cr 0.37%, Mo 0.41%, Ni
0.12%, Cu 0.31%, V 0.024%, Nb 0.034%, Ti 0.017%, B 0.0021%, Als (dissolved aluminum)
0.19%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
9. application according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the chemical composition of the water-power steel is by weight percentage
C 0.031%, Si 0.14%, Mn 0.97%, P 0.0043%, S 0.0016%, Cr 0.31%, Mo 0.37%, Ni
0.11%, Cu 0.29%, V 0.021%, Nb 0.031%, Ti 0.016%, B 0.0019%, Als (dissolved aluminum)
0.18%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
10. application according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the chemical composition of the water-power steel is by weight percentage
It is C 0.027%, Si 0.13%, Mn 0.93%, P 0.0041%, S 0.0014%, Cr 0.30%, Mo 0.36%, Ni
0.09%, Cu 0.27%, V 0.019%, Nb 0.029%, Ti 0.014%, B 0.0014%, Als (dissolved aluminum)
0.17%, balance of Fe and inevitable impurity.
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| CN109128691A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-04 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of the compound slab of high-carbon high-alloy steel plate |
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| CN112091399A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2020-12-18 | 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 | Ti2AlNb material electron beam weld joint micro-crack control method |
| CN113210829A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-06 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | CuW alloy-Q345D steel integral contact electron beam welding process |
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| CN113210829A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-06 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | CuW alloy-Q345D steel integral contact electron beam welding process |
| CN113210829B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-06-07 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | CuW alloy-Q345D steel integral contact electron beam welding process |
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