CN114951933A - Spot welding method for environment-friendly passivated galvanized plate - Google Patents
Spot welding method for environment-friendly passivated galvanized plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN114951933A CN114951933A CN202210357672.2A CN202210357672A CN114951933A CN 114951933 A CN114951933 A CN 114951933A CN 202210357672 A CN202210357672 A CN 202210357672A CN 114951933 A CN114951933 A CN 114951933A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0205—Non-consumable electrodes; C-electrodes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/40—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates
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Abstract
The invention relates to a spot welding method of an environment-friendly passivated galvanized plate, belonging to the technical field of steel plate welding. The applicable passivation galvanized sheet of the invention is DX51D + Z; the used passivation solution comprises acrylic resin, fluorine-containing resin, acrylic emulsion and molybdate, and the balance of water and inevitable impurities; wherein, the content of acrylic resin is 6 to 11 percent, the content of fluorine-containing resin is 4 to 14 percent, the content of acrylic emulsion is 2 to 8 percent, and the content of molybdate is 1 to 6 percent; during spot welding, Cr-Zr-Cu is selected as an electrode material, and the spot welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 5.0kA-11.0kA, the welding time is 0.02s-3s, and the electrode pressure is 2.0kN-4.0 kN. The invention adopts the component design of the fluorine-containing self-lubricating passivation solution with environmental protection and designs the spot welding process for passivating the galvanized plate by the self-lubricating passivation solution, thereby guiding the user to scientifically select the welding process parameters and producing the spot welding joint with high quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spot welding method for an environment-friendly passivated galvanized plate, and belongs to the technical field of steel plate welding.
Background
Lubricating oil is required to be added into a die in the forming process of the hot-dip galvanized steel plate so as to reduce the friction between the die and the steel plate, prevent the steel plate from cracking or orange peel defects in the deformation process, and remove oil stains on the surface of a part by using a detergent after a stamping part is formed. However, the detergent usually contains trichloroethane, freon and other substances, which can damage the atmospheric ozone layer, and the environment is damaged by using a large amount of the deoiling detergent. Based on this, development and application of self-lubricating steel sheets are receiving wide attention. The self-lubricating steel plate shortens the processing process flow of downstream processing enterprises, improves the manufacturing efficiency, reduces the medium consumption and labor cost in the manufacturing process, and is an energy-saving, environment-friendly, pollution-free and high-added-value product. The traditional self-lubricating treatment firstly needs to passivate galvanized steel sheets, most of the traditional self-lubricating treatment adopts chromate passivation, and then a layer of organic resin containing a lubricant is coated, so that the process is not economical and environment-friendly. The fluorine-containing polymer has good lubricating property, is easy to slide in the friction process, reduces the friction coefficient, simultaneously fluorine is the most active non-metallic element, has the maximum electronegativity, can react with most other elements to generate a very stable compound, most fluorine-containing compounds show the neutral or non-polar characteristic, and the intermolecular acting force is small, so that fluorine atoms are easy to form hydrogen bonds with the metal surface, and the bonding property of a film layer and a substrate is improved. Fluororesin and fluorine-containing additive are becoming the main materials constituting the self-lubricating coating. At present, the research on the self-lubricating composite material is mostly directed at copper-based, aluminum-based, iron-based, nickel-based and other metals, and the research on the film forming mechanism, the film forming process and the film layer structure of the fluorine-containing self-lubricating passivation solution of the zinc-based is less, so that the research on the self-lubricating composite material lays a foundation for the development and the application of self-lubricating coated steel plates.
Resistance spot welding is a connection technology widely applied to manufacturing industry, has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, high automation degree and the like, and is widely applied to the household appliance industry. Particularly in thin plate connection, the resistance spot welding advantage is more obvious.
Chinese patent publication No. CN110548976A discloses a resistance spot welding process for 1800MPa grade ultra-high strength thermoformed steel plates, which relates to a high strength steel plate spot welding process, the invention connects two ultra-high strength thermoformed steels together in a lap joint manner, and uses a fixture to fasten them, a teaching panel of a resistance spot welding robot is used, a path adjusting electrode position is set, a welding position is located at the center point of the lap joint portion, a welding instruction is added on the teaching panel and welding pressure is changed, after welding parameters are adjusted by a welding machine, a welding process is completed by inputting the welding instruction, and a resistance spot welding joint is formed. The invention provides a manufacturing and processing technology capable of perfecting the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plates, which can enable the ultrahigh-strength hot-formed steel plates to be favorably combined together in production and manufacturing, thereby obviously improving the comprehensive performance of products.
Chinese patent with publication number CN109079304A discloses a spot welding process method of high-carbon equivalent cold-rolled dual-phase steel, which aims at a steel plate with Ceq more than or equal to 0.5, can improve the tissue composition and stress state of a nugget part, effectively solves the problem that the nugget part is easy to crack when the cold-rolled dual-phase steel with carbon equivalent Ceq more than or equal to 0.5 is spot-welded, and improves the spot welding quality. The steel plate is a self-lubricating passivated galvanized plate, and the base plate material is DX 51D.
The Chinese patent with the patent publication number of CN110923541A discloses a NiTiCrCuMo-based self-lubricating composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the NiTiCrCuMo-based self-lubricating composite material comprises a solid lubricating phase, a regulating agent and a base material, wherein the solid lubricating phase comprises Au, Ag, Se and Al2O3 nano-particles; the regulating agent comprises Li, In, Pb and WC nano-particles; the matrix material includes Ni, Ti, Cr, Cu and Mo. The provided NiTiCrCuMo-based self-lubricating composite material has the advantages of high bearing capacity, good thermodynamic property, excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, low friction and wear characteristics and the like, and has very high potential application value and development prospect in the fields of aerospace, metallurgical building materials, energy machinery, ocean deep submergence, earth exploration, cash machinery and the like.
In view of the above, most of the patent documents relating to the spot welding process all refer to the dual-phase steel or the high-strength steel as the parent material, and do not relate to the study of the spot welding process of passivating the galvanized plate by the self-lubricating passivating solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a spot welding method of an environment-friendly passivated galvanized plate, and can produce a high-quality passivated galvanized plate spot welding joint.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the spot welding method of the environmental protection passivation galvanized sheet, the brand of the applicable passivation galvanized sheet is DX51D + Z; the chemical components of the substrate are as follows by weight ratio: c: 0.04% -0.09%, Si: 0.01% -0.13%, Mn: 0.10% -0.25%, P: 0.003% -0.020%, S: 0.004% -0.025%, Als: 0.049% -0.051%, Ti: 0.003-0.025 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements; the thickness of the substrate is 1.0mm-2.0mm, and the thickness of the zinc layer is 140g/m 2 -220g/m 2 ；
The used passivation solution comprises acrylic resin, fluorine-containing resin, acrylic emulsion and molybdate, and the balance of water and inevitable impurities; wherein, the content of acrylic resin is 6 to 11 percent, the content of fluorine-containing resin is 4 to 14 percent, the content of acrylic emulsion is 2 to 8 percent, and the content of molybdate is 1 to 6 percent;
the spot welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 5.0kA-11.0kA, the welding time is 0.02s-3s, and the electrode pressure is 2.0kN-4.0 kN.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: during spot welding, Cr-Zr-Cu is selected as an electrode material, a body of the electrode is cylindrical, a head of the electrode is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the top surface of the circular truncated cone is 6mm, and an included angle between the top edge and the side edge of the circular truncated cone is 120 degrees on a section passing through the central axis of the circular truncated cone.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the self-lubricating galvanized plate spot welding process is designed by adopting the components of the environment-friendly fluorine-containing self-lubricating passivation solution and matching with the self-lubricating passivation solution, and can guide a user to scientifically select welding process parameters to produce a high-quality spot welding joint. Production practice proves that the spot welding joint produced by the spot welding process meets the standard requirements on the geometric dimension of the joint, has good shearing resistance and cross tensile property, has the failure modes of nugget peeling and has good corrosion resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of an electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a joint according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a joint according to example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the microstructure of a joint according to a comparative example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The brand of the passivation galvanized sheet applicable to the invention is DX51D + Z; the chemical components of the substrate are as follows by weight ratio: c: 0.04% -0.09%, Si: 0.01% -0.13%, Mn: 0.10% -0.25%, P: 0.003% -0.020%, S: 0.004% -0.025%, Als: 0.049% -0.051%, Ti: 0.003-0.025 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements; the thickness of the substrate is 1.0mm-2.0mm, and the thickness of the zinc layer is 140g/m 2 -220g/m 2 (ii) a The used passivation solution comprises acrylic resin, fluorine-containing resin, acrylic emulsion and molybdate, and the balance of water and inevitable impurities; wherein, the content of acrylic resin is 6 to 11 percent, the content of fluorine-containing resin is 4 to 14 percent, the content of acrylic emulsion is 2 to 8 percent, and the content of molybdate is 1 to 6 percent according to the weight ratio.
The proportion of organic element components in the passivation solution reaches 10% -25% (6% -11% of acrylic resin and 4% -14% of fluorine-containing resin), the galvanized sheet containing the passivation solution components needs to be welded under the conditions of small welding current, large welding time and moderate electrode pressure, in the welding process, after the passivation layer is punctured by the welding current, a nugget can fully grow under the action of resistance heat and large welding time, the large welding time plays a certain tempering role on a welding joint, the fatigue performance of the welding joint is improved, the brittleness of the joint is reduced, and the service performance of the welding joint can be improved macroscopically. Meanwhile, the bearing capacity and the mechanical property of the spot welding joint are reduced due to the fact that the spot welding joint has reduced nugget diameter and sectional area when the welding current is too large and the spatter phenomenon occurs in the spot welding process; if the welding current is smaller, the spot-welded joint has the defects of incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration, and the mechanical property is also reduced. If the welding time is too long, splashing is easily caused, the welding quality is reduced, and the efficiency is influenced; if the welding time is too short, the welding current needs to be greatly matched, and the welding joint is easily overheated, so that the welding quality is reduced. If the electrode pressure is too high, the contact resistance is increased, which is not beneficial to forming a nugget; if the electrode pressure is too low, the contact area of the sample is small, and the quality of the welded joint is reduced.
Therefore, the invention selects Cr-Zr-Cu as the electrode material, and the spot welding technological parameters are as follows: the welding current is 5.0kA-11.0kA, the welding time is 0.02s-3s, and the electrode pressure is 2.0kN-4.0 kN.
In specific implementation, the shape and dimension parameters of the Cr-Zr-Cu electrode are as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the body of the electrode is cylindrical, the head of the electrode is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the top surface of the circular truncated cone is 6mm, and the included angle between the top edge and the side edge of the circular truncated cone is 120 degrees on the section passing through the central axis of the circular truncated cone.
Examples and comparative examples
Example 1: the chemical components of the substrate are as follows by weight ratio: c: 0.05%, Si: 0.03%, Mn: 0.14%, P: 0.003-0.020%, S: 0.005%, Als: 0.051%, Ti: 0.009%, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The substrate thickness was 1.0. The thickness of the zinc layer is 150g/m 2 The main components of the passivation solution are acrylic resin, fluorine-containing resin, acrylic emulsion and molybdate, and the balance of water and inevitable impuritiesImpurities. Wherein, the contents of the components are as follows according to the weight ratio: 8.3 percent of acrylic resin, 9.6 percent of fluorine-containing resin, 3.5 percent of acrylic emulsion and 3.0 percent of molybdate. The invention selects Cr-Zr-Cu as electrode material, and the basic size is shown in figure 1. The welding current is 6.5kA, the welding time is 2.4s, and the electrode pressure is 2.5 kN. The nugget diameter of the spot welded joint was 5.38mm, the shear force was 4.22kN, the cross tensile force was 3.27kN, and the microstructure of the joint was shown in FIG. 3. The corrosion area is not more than 5% after the salt spray test is carried out for 96 hours.
Example 2: the chemical components of the substrate are as follows by weight ratio: c: 0.07%, Si: 0.11%, Mn: 0.16%, P: 0.009%, S: 0.005%, Als: 0.05%, Ti: 0.007%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The thickness of the substrate is 1.5 mm. The thickness of the zinc layer is 200g/m 2 The main components of the passivation solution are acrylic resin, fluorine-containing resin, acrylic emulsion and molybdate, and the balance is water and inevitable impurities. Wherein, according to the weight ratio, the contents of each component are as follows: 7.5 percent of acrylic resin, 10.5 percent of fluorine-containing resin, 4.0 percent of acrylic emulsion and 4.5 percent of molybdate. The invention selects Cr-Zr-Cu as electrode material, and the basic size is shown in figure 1. The welding current is 9.6kA, the welding time is 1.2s, and the electrode pressure is 3.5 kN. The nugget diameter of the spot welded joint was 6.78mm, the shear force was 8.35kN, the cross tensile force was 5.21kN, and the microstructure of the joint was shown in FIG. 4. The corrosion area is not more than 5% after the salt spray test is carried out for 96 hours.
Comparative example: the chemical components of the substrate are as follows by weight ratio: c: 0.093%, Si: 0.14%, Mn: 0.26%, P: 0.009%, S: 0.025%, Als: 0.051%, Ti: 0.035%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurity elements. The thickness of the substrate is 1.5 mm. The thickness of the zinc layer is 80g/m 2 The main components of the passivation solution are acrylic resin, fluorine-containing resin, acrylic emulsion and molybdate, and the balance of water and inevitable impurities. Wherein, the contents of the components are as follows according to the weight ratio: 6.8 percent of acrylic resin, 8.2 percent of fluorine-containing resin, 8.0 percent of acrylic emulsion and 5.8 percent of molybdate. The invention selects Cr-Zr-Cu as electrode material, and the basic size is shown in figure 1. Welding current 4.0kA, welding time 0.04 and electrode pressure 5.0 kN. The obtained spot-welded joint nugget has the diameter of 2.36mm, the shearing force of 1.54kN and the positive tension of 0.78kN, linker microstructure is shown in FIG. 5. The salt spray test is carried out for 96h, and the corrosion area exceeds 5 percent.
Claims (2)
1. The spot welding method of the environment-friendly passivated galvanized plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mark of the passivated galvanized sheet is DX51D + Z; the chemical components of the substrate are as follows by weight ratio: c: 0.04% -0.09%, Si: 0.01% -0.13%, Mn: 0.10% -0.25%, P: 0.003% -0.020%, S: 0.004% -0.025%, Als: 0.049% -0.051%, Ti: 0.003-0.025 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements; the thickness of the substrate is 1.0mm-2.0mm, and the thickness of the zinc layer is 140g/m 2 -220g/m 2 ；
The used passivation solution comprises acrylic resin, fluorine-containing resin, acrylic emulsion and molybdate, and the balance of water and inevitable impurities; wherein, the content of acrylic resin is 6 to 11 percent, the content of fluorine-containing resin is 4 to 14 percent, the content of acrylic emulsion is 2 to 8 percent, and the content of molybdate is 1 to 6 percent;
the spot welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current is 5.0kA-11.0kA, the welding time is 0.02s-3s, and the electrode pressure is 2.0kN-4.0 kN.
2. The spot welding method of the environmentally friendly passivated galvanized sheet according to claim 1, characterized in that: during spot welding, Cr-Zr-Cu is selected as an electrode material, a body of the electrode is cylindrical, a head of the electrode is in a circular truncated cone shape, the diameter of the top surface of the circular truncated cone is 6mm, and an included angle between the top edge and the side edge of the circular truncated cone is 120 degrees on a section passing through the central axis of the circular truncated cone.
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| JP2005088029A (en) * | 2003-09-16 | 2005-04-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Spot welding method and device for galvanized steel sheet |
| US20120135267A1 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2012-05-31 | Ping Yuan | passivant for hot-dip al-zn-coated sheet and preparation method and use thereof |
| CN102648304A (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2012-08-22 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Zinc-coated steel plate |
| JP2014188539A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-06 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal | Resistance spot welding method of zinc-based plated steel sheet |
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| CN112831759A (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-05-25 | 江苏徐工工程机械研究院有限公司 | Magnetic field auxiliary cathode arc striking device and film coating method |
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| 中国科学技术协会: "《2011-2012材料腐蚀学科学发展报告》", vol. 1, 中国科学技术出版社, pages: 106 * |
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