CN114946882A - 一种腐殖前驱物质溶液的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种腐殖前驱物质溶液的制造方法，属于除臭、消毒、有机物防腐和脱水技术领域。所述方法将土壤腐殖化过程中的核心物质‑腐殖前驱物质提取成溶液，直接应用于除臭、灭菌、有机物稳定化和提高物料脱水性能等利用腐殖前驱物质特性的领域，扩展了土壤腐殖化相关技术的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种腐殖前驱物质溶液的制造方法，属于除臭、消毒、有机物防腐和污泥脱水技术领域。
背景技术
土壤是大自然物质循环过程中重要的循环单元，通过丰富多样的土壤微生物分解动植物残体中的有机物至二氧化碳排放至大气，并合成有机物至复杂的腐殖质，称为土壤腐殖化过程。有机物在土壤腐殖化过程中产生的微生物代谢产物中富含腐殖前驱物质，而这些腐殖前驱物质具有除臭、消毒和稳定化有机物的作用，因此，当动植物尸体、残体被土壤覆盖后，不会产生臭气、致病菌等问题。土壤在消纳有机物的同时，净化了土壤表面的环境，保证了健康的生态系统。
基于土壤的除臭、消毒和稳定化有机物的作用，衍生出了土壤除臭方法、土壤消毒方法和土壤稳定化方法。这些土壤处理方法可以有效达到处理目标，但是需要实用大量的土壤，实际应用过程中受到各种因素制约，应用不便。提取土壤中具有除臭、消毒和稳定化的腐殖前驱物质，可以有效解决现有土壤技术应用不便的问题。可以补充扩展主流植物提取液除臭剂类型和稳定化技术，并且可以替代主流化学消毒药剂。
发明内容
本发明方法针对现有土壤相关技术应用过程中，土壤技术应用的不便利性，从土壤中提取关键作用物质-腐殖前驱物质，制备成溶液，方便保存、运输和适用。天然腐殖土或人工优质腐殖质土中富含腐殖前驱物质，优质腐殖土中含有的腐殖前驱物质作为腐殖化过程中中间产物，可以直接与小分子物质反应生成稳定化的腐殖质，以腐殖前驱物质微生物毒性破坏致病菌的生长，保证土壤的健康的生态环境的同时，强化自然生态的物质循环过程。因此，腐殖前驱物质可以应用于除臭、灭菌、有机物稳定化和提高脱水性能的功能等技术领域。
为实现以上技术目的，本发明的制造方法如下：
一种腐殖前驱物质溶液的制造方法采用含有土壤微生物及其代谢产物的天然腐殖质土或以含有土壤微生物及其代谢产物的天然腐殖土腐熟化的人工腐殖质在厌氧或缺氧状态下放置10天到3个月，期间进行定期翻堆，放置后的物料中添加水、弱酸性水或含盐溶液进行混合搅拌后进行过滤，滤液静止熟化后获得腐殖前驱物质溶液。
天然腐殖土为含有土壤微生物及其代谢产物的腐殖质富包含土壤微生物代谢产物、细胞分泌物及好氧土壤微生物、兼氧和厌氧土壤微生物，呈污泥或类污泥状，优选为肥沃的沼泽地地下优质土、次选为一般沼泽地、田地、人粪尿污泥等的低质土。
以含有土壤微生物及其代谢产物的天然腐殖土腐熟化的人工腐殖质以有机物(生活污泥，畜禽粪便等)为基质，加入含有土壤微生物的天然腐殖土和活性化的硅酸盐腐熟化而成，腐殖化过程参照已公开的发明专利号为CN202210117060.6，发明专利名称为《一种有机物腐殖化的方法》的发明专利提供的方法。
腐殖前驱物质制造过程中的物料定期翻堆频率为每周翻堆1-2次，添加的液体量为固体重量的70％以上，混合搅拌后混合物的pH值为4.0-7.0，静止熟化时间不小于12小时，过滤压滤大于1.2MPa，最终腐殖前驱物质溶液的pH值为1.0-3.5。
从以上描述可以看出，本发明具备以下优点：
1、本发明方法以简单易行的方式从土壤中提取了腐殖化过程中的核心物质：腐殖前驱物质；
2、本发明方法制造的溶液相对于土壤更容易应用，如包装、运输、储存及最终应用；
3、本发明方法制造的溶液源自于土壤，实际应用环境友好，是一种绿色产品。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。在此需要说明的是，对于这些实施方式的说明用于帮助理解本发明，但并不构成对本发明的限定。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
实施例1
本实例采用的原料为含有土壤微生物的天然腐殖质土，取自肥沃天然沼泽地土，含有40％的安山岩火山灰。原料采掘后放置1个月，期间每周翻堆1次，而后添加80％重量的自来水(放置1天以消除水中氯)进行混合搅拌，搅拌后的pH值为6.0。以压榨压力1.2MPa对上述混合物进行板框压榨获得的压滤液静止放置14h，而后获得pH值为2.8的腐殖前驱物质溶液。
实施例2
本实例的原来采用人工腐殖质，以含有土壤微生物的天然腐殖质土、以天然腐殖质50kg、水产养殖污泥450kg(含水率为90％)和安山岩质浮石粉10kg混合在厌氧条件下进行腐熟2个月，期间每周翻堆1-2次。获得的人工腐殖质再放置1个月，期间每周翻堆1次，而后添加120％重量的自来水(放置1天以消除水中氯)进行混合搅拌，搅拌后的pH值为6.8。以压榨压力1.2MPa对上述混合物进行板框压榨获得的压滤液，静止放置14h，而后获得pH值为2.3的腐殖前驱物质溶液。
实施例3
本实例中利用实施例1制造的腐殖前驱物质溶液进行污水灭菌。在大肠杆菌数量在4000多个/mL的污水中添加5ppm的腐殖前驱物质溶液，缓速搅拌30分钟，污水中检测不出大肠杆菌数量。
实施例4
本实例中利用实施例3制造的腐殖前驱物质溶液提高生活污水污泥的脱水性能。原有的带式脱水机的污泥脱水泥饼的含水率为80-83％，按污泥干重的20％添加腐殖前驱物质溶液，缓慢搅拌60分钟后再进入带式脱水机进行脱水，污泥脱水泥饼的含水率下降至73-75％，显著提升了污泥脱水性能。
可以理解的是，以上关于本发明的具体描述，仅用于说明本发明而并非受限于本发明实施例所描述的技术方案。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换，以达到相同的技术效果；只要满足使用需要，都在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种腐殖前驱物质溶液的制造方法，其特征在于，所述方法采用含有土壤微生物及其代谢产物的天然腐殖质土或以含有土壤微生物及其代谢产物的天然腐殖土腐熟化的人工腐殖质在厌氧或缺氧状态下放置10天到3个月，期间进行定期翻堆，放置后的物料中添加水、弱酸性水或含盐溶液进行混合搅拌后进行过滤，滤液静止熟化后获得腐殖前驱物质溶液。
2.如权利要求1所述的含有土壤微生物及其代谢产物的天然腐殖质土，其特征在于，所述含有土壤微生物及其代谢产物的腐殖质富包含土壤微生物代谢产物、细胞分泌物及好氧土壤微生物、兼氧和厌氧土壤微生物，呈污泥或类污泥状，优选为肥沃的沼泽地地下优质土、次选为一般沼泽地、田地、人粪尿污泥等的低质土。
3.如权利要求1所述的人工腐殖质，其特征在于，所述人工腐殖质以有机物(生活污泥，畜禽粪便等)为基质，加入含有土壤微生物的天然腐殖土和活性化的硅酸盐腐殖化而成，腐殖化过程参照已公开的发明专利号为CN202210117060.6，发明专利名称为《一种有机物腐殖化的方法》的发明专利提供的方法。
4.如权利要求1所述的溶液的制造方法，其特征在于，所述翻堆频率为每周翻堆1-2次；所述添加的液体量为固体重量的70％以上；所述混合搅拌后混合物的pH值为4.0-7.0；所述静止熟化时间不小于12小时；所述过滤压滤大于1.2MPa；所述最终腐殖前驱物质溶液的pH值为1.0-3.5。
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