CN114946560A - Method for evaluating adaptability of submerged plant to water exchange uniformity and application - Google Patents
Method for evaluating adaptability of submerged plant to water exchange uniformity and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946560A CN114946560A CN202210661490.4A CN202210661490A CN114946560A CN 114946560 A CN114946560 A CN 114946560A CN 202210661490 A CN202210661490 A CN 202210661490A CN 114946560 A CN114946560 A CN 114946560A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of submerged plant restoration, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the adaptability of submerged plants to water exchange uniformity. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: respectively culturing the submerged plants under the conditions of different water exchange uniformity degrees, wherein the different water exchange uniformity degrees comprise a low water exchange uniformity degree, a medium water exchange uniformity degree and a high water exchange uniformity degree, and measuring the biological accumulation of the submerged plants obtained by culturing under the conditions of the different water exchange uniformity degrees; when the biological accumulation amount is increased along with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the high water exchange uniformity is strong; when the biological accumulation quantity is decreased with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the low water exchange uniformity is strong. The method provided by the invention realizes the evaluation of the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity through a simple method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of submerged plant restoration, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the adaptability of a submerged plant to water exchange uniformity and application of the method.
Background
The submerged plant is an important primary producer in a water ecological system and plays an important role in water ecological restoration. Submerged plants are also more sensitive to environmental changes due to hydrologic disturbances, as they are submerged completely below the water surface. The water exchange uniformity represents the fluctuation strength of the water exchange speed in time, and the excessive high or slow water exchange speed can bring adverse effects to submerged plants. The sediment can be re-suspended due to too high water exchange speed, the transparency of the water body is reduced, and the submerged plants are broken or uprooted by roots; too slow a water exchange rate can result in CO at the water-gas interface 2 When the gas exchange process becomes slow, and reduces O in the external water 2 Supplying, increasing the risk of nutrient salt enrichment, and inhibiting the growth of plants. In recent years, global climate change, hydraulic engineering construction and the like have changed the water exchange uniformity of water bodies such as lakes, and the water exchange uniformity can generate a series of complex influences on the growth and distribution of submerged plants by changing physical parameters and chemical properties in water environment.
The submerged plant can also adapt to the environmental stress caused by the change of hydrodynamic conditions by the adjustment of the shape. For example, when the dissolved oxygen content in the water is reduced, the plants reduce the biomass distribution of the root system, reduce the root length and increase the root diameter; when the content of the water soluble carbon dioxide is reduced, the submerged plant increases the biomass distribution of the overground part, particularly the leaf biomass distribution, so as to maintain the capability of absorbing the soluble carbon dioxide; however, morphological adjustment to environmental stress in one aspect will inevitably result in reduced ability of other aspects of the plant, and the ability to coordinate environmental stress adaptation and normal growth will vary from species to species.
At present, methods for evaluating the effect of water exchange uniformity on submerged plants are few, and tolerance differences of the submerged plants on the water exchange uniformity are to be further clarified so as to improve the repair efficiency of the submerged plants.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for evaluating the adaptability of submerged plants to water exchange uniformity and application thereof. The method provided by the invention can simply evaluate the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for evaluating the adaptability of submerged plants to water exchange uniformity, which comprises the following steps:
culturing submerged plants under different water exchange uniformity conditions, wherein the different water exchange uniformity conditions comprise low water exchange uniformity, medium water exchange uniformity and high water exchange uniformity, and the low water exchange uniformity is smaller than the medium water exchange uniformity and is smaller than the high water exchange uniformity;
measuring the biological accumulation of the submerged plant obtained by culture under the conditions of different water exchange uniformity;
when the biological accumulation amount is increased along with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the high water exchange uniformity is strong;
when the biological accumulation amount is decreased with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the low water exchange uniformity is strong;
when the biological accumulation amount increases with the increase of the water exchange uniformity and then decreases, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity is strong.
Preferably, the low water exchange uniformity is less than or equal to-0.03, the medium water exchange uniformity is less than or equal to 0.40 when the water exchange uniformity is more than-0.03, and the high water exchange uniformity is less than or equal to 1 when the water exchange uniformity is more than 0.40.
Preferably, the cultivation method under the condition of low water exchange uniformity is as follows: in a culture container, taking 20 days as a cycle period, exchanging 10 wt% of the total culture water amount every day for 1-10 days, and standing for 11-20 days;
the culture method under the condition of the uniform water exchange comprises the following steps: in a culture container, taking 20 days as a cycle period, exchanging 6.7 wt% of the total culture water consumption every day for 1-15 days, and standing for 16-20 days;
the culture method under the condition of high water exchange uniformity comprises the following steps: in the culture container, 20 days are taken as a cycle period, and 5 wt% of the total culture water consumption is exchanged every day from 1 st day to 20 th day.
Preferably, the cultivation is performed under the conditions of strong light irradiation or weak light irradiation, wherein the strong light irradiation is 100% of natural light intensity, and the weak light irradiation is 10-40% of natural light intensity.
Preferably, the number of cycles of the cycle period during the culturing is 2-4.
Preferably, during the culturing process, the method further comprises the step of periodically monitoring culture water and sediments, wherein the detection items of the culture water comprise turbidity, dissolved oxygen content, dissolved carbon dioxide content and pH value, and the detection items of the sediments comprise oxidation-reduction potential.
Preferably, the submerged plant is a submerged plant propagule, and when the submerged plant growth type is a canopy type or an upright type, 8-15 cm of the top end of the submerged plant is used as the submerged plant propagule; when the submerged plant is in a lotus-seat type or benthic type, 5-15 cm leaves and 3-5 cm roots of the submerged plant are used as a submerged plant propagule.
Preferably, the determination further comprises determining plant height, root-cap ratio and root morphological parameters of the submerged plant obtained by the cultivation, wherein the root morphological parameters comprise root length, root diameter and root length.
The invention provides the application of the method in the technical scheme in selecting the dominant species for ecological restoration of the submerged plants.
The invention provides application of the method in the technical scheme in artificial restoration of submerged plant communities.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the adaptability of submerged plants to water exchange uniformity, which comprises the following steps: culturing submerged plants under different water exchange uniformity conditions, wherein the different water exchange uniformity conditions comprise low water exchange uniformity, medium water exchange uniformity and high water exchange uniformity, and the low water exchange uniformity is smaller than the medium water exchange uniformity and is smaller than the high water exchange uniformity; measuring the biological accumulation of the submerged plant obtained by culture under the conditions of different water exchange uniformity; when the biological accumulation amount is increased along with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the high water exchange uniformity is strong; when the biological accumulation amount is decreased with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the low water exchange uniformity is strong; when the biological accumulation amount increases with the increase of the water exchange uniformity and then decreases, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity is strong. According to the method provided by the invention, the change trend of the biological cumulant of the submerged plant cultured under the condition of the three-level water exchange uniformity is associated with the change of the three-level water exchange uniformity from the low water exchange uniformity, the middle water exchange uniformity to the high water exchange uniformity, the evaluation of the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity is realized through a simple method, the submerged plant under different horizontal hydrological conditions can be screened out to repair suitable species, and the repair efficiency is improved; meanwhile, important reference can be provided for hydraulic engineering construction and hydrologic management modes in lakes and reservoir flow areas.
Further, the culture is performed under the conditions of strong light irradiation or weak light irradiation respectively, wherein the strong light irradiation is 100% of natural light intensity, and the weak light irradiation is 10-40% of natural light intensity. The invention can effectively evaluate the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity under different illumination levels by combining the three-level water exchange uniformity with the two-level illumination.
Further, the method provided by the invention also comprises the step of periodically monitoring the culture water and the sediments during the culture process, wherein the detection items of the culture water comprise turbidity, dissolved oxygen content, dissolved carbon dioxide content and pH value, and the detection items of the sediments for culture comprise oxidation-reduction potential. The invention detects the change of water and sediment along with the growth of the culture time under the condition of different water exchange uniformity during the culture. Correlation analysis is carried out on the biological accumulation amount of the submerged plant under different water exchange uniformity conditions and the change of the parameters of the culture water and the sediment, so that the key environmental parameters influencing the biomass accumulation of the submerged plant under different water exchange uniformity conditions can be further clarified.
Further, the method provided by the invention further comprises the step of measuring the plant height, root-cap ratio and root morphological parameters of the submerged plant obtained by the culture, wherein the root morphological parameters comprise root length, root diameter and root length. The invention can further determine the effectiveness of the shape adjustment of the submerged plant for adapting to different water exchange uniformity through testing the morphological parameters (plant height, root-crown ratio, root length, root diameter and root length) of the submerged plant obtained by culture under different water exchange uniformity conditions, and can provide basis for species selection of the submerged plant during recovery under different water exchange uniformity conditions.
The invention provides application of the method in the technical scheme in selecting dominant species for ecological restoration of submerged plants.
The invention provides application of the method in the technical scheme in artificial restoration of submerged plant communities.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a culture apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, 1-aeration pump, 2-flow control valve, 3-aeration tank, 4-water inlet pipe, 5-transparent baffle, 6-water outlet;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the differences of various indicators of water under different conditions of water exchange uniformity and illumination according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the difference in biomass accumulation, plant height, biomass distribution under different illumination conditions and water exchange uniformity of Sophora alopecuroides, Myriophyllum spicatum and Eupatorium Adenophorum according to the present invention;
wherein WEE in FIG. 3 represents water exchange uniformity (water exchange uniformity);
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the correlation between the biomass accumulation of Sophora alopecuroides, Myriophyllum spicatum and Eupatorium Adenophorum and the content of dissolved oxygen and dissolved carbon dioxide in water according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the difference of the root morphology (root length, root diameter, specific root length) of Kucao, Tatarian spicatus, and Uncaria denticulata in different lighting conditions and water exchange uniformity in the examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for evaluating the adaptability of submerged plants to water exchange uniformity, which comprises the following steps:
culturing submerged plants under different water exchange uniformity conditions, wherein the different water exchange uniformity conditions comprise low water exchange uniformity, medium water exchange uniformity and high water exchange uniformity, and the low water exchange uniformity is smaller than the medium water exchange uniformity and is smaller than the high water exchange uniformity;
measuring the biological accumulation of the submerged plant obtained by culture under the conditions of different water exchange uniformity;
when the biological accumulation amount is increased along with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the high water exchange uniformity is strong;
when the biological accumulation amount is decreased with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the low water exchange uniformity is strong;
when the biological accumulation amount increases with the increase of the water exchange uniformity and then decreases, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity is strong.
The submerged plant is cultured under the conditions of different water exchange uniformity degrees, wherein the different water exchange uniformity degrees comprise a low water exchange uniformity degree, a medium water exchange uniformity degree and a high water exchange uniformity degree, and the low water exchange uniformity degree is smaller than the medium water exchange uniformity degree and is smaller than the high water exchange uniformity degree.
In the present invention, the low water exchange uniformity is preferably ≦ -0.03, more preferably-0.03.
In the present invention, the water exchange uniformity is preferably: the medium water exchange uniformity is more than-0.03 and less than or equal to 0.40.
In the present invention, the high water exchange uniformity is preferably: 0.40 < high water exchange uniformity ≦ 1, more preferably 1.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the water exchange uniformity is preferably set by using the water exchange uniformity of the water area of the er-sea as a background value.
In the specific implementation of the invention, the water exchange uniformity of the Er-Hai is-0.128-0.964, and the low water exchange uniformity of the invention is less than or equal to-0.03, preferably-0.03; the exchange uniformity of the reclaimed water is less than or equal to 0.40 and preferably 0.4 when the quantity is less than-0.03; the high water exchange uniformity is more than 0.40 and less than or equal to 1, and is preferably 1.
In the present invention, the cultivation method under the low water exchange uniformity condition of the present invention is preferably: in a culture container, 20 days are taken as a cycle period, 10 wt% of the total culture water consumption is exchanged every day for 1-10 days, and the culture container is static for 11-20 days.
In the present invention, the cultivation method of the present invention under the condition of the uniformity of water exchange is preferably: in a culture container, 20 days are taken as a cycle period, 6.7 wt% of the total culture water consumption is exchanged every day on the 1 st to 15 th days, and the culture container is static on the 16 th to 20 th days.
In the present invention, the culture method under the high water exchange uniformity addition of the present invention is preferably: in the culture container, 20 days are taken as a cycle period, and 5 wt% of the total culture water consumption is exchanged every day from 1 st day to 20 th day.
In the present invention, the submerged plant is preferably an indigenous submerged plant of a target water area.
In the present invention, the submerged plant includes one or more of four growth types of canopy, erect, rosette and benthic.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the submerged plant preferably comprises one or more of watermifoil, tape grass and kombucha, more preferably watermifoil (corolla type), tape grass (rosette type) and kombucha (upright type).
In the invention, the submerged plant is preferably a submerged plant propagule, and when the submerged plant growth type is a canopy type or an upright type, the top end of the submerged plant is preferably 8-15 cm as the submerged plant propagule.
In the invention, when the submerged plant is a rosette type or benthic type, the invention preferably takes 5-15 cm of the leaves and 3-5 cm of the roots of the submerged plant as a propagule of the submerged plant.
In the present invention, when the submerged plant is of a rosette type or benthic type, the submerged plant propagules are leaves and roots that retain a certain length at the same time.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, 8-15 cm of the top end of the spicate myriophyllum or the potamogeton denticulatus is preferably used as a submerged plant propagule, and more preferably 8 cm.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the leaf of the tape grass is 5-15 cm, preferably 5cm, and the root of the tape grass is 3-5 cm, preferably 3cm, as the propagule of the submerged plant.
In the present invention, when the submerged plant is preferably an indigenous submerged plant collected in the field, the present invention preferably pre-cultivates the submerged plant before the cultivation.
In the present invention, the preculture is particularly preferably: the method comprises the steps of flatly paving natural sediments collected in the field at the bottom of a plastic water tank, planting submerged plants in the water tank, slowly injecting tap water with the height of 30cm into the water tank, and pre-culturing.
In the present invention, the time for the preculture is preferably one month.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, during the pre-culture, the invention directly spreads the sediments collected in the field on the bottom of the water tank for use.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, during the pre-culture, the sediments collected in the field are firstly paved indoors, naturally dried, smashed and screened in sequence, and then are paved at the bottom of a water tank for use. In the present invention, the sieving is preferably performed by passing through a 60-mesh sieve and taking the undersize.
In the present invention, the initial fresh weight and plant height of the submerged plant are preferably determined in the present invention before the cultivation.
In the present invention, the culture is preferably carried out in the culture apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
In the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the culture apparatus comprises a plastic water tank, which comprises an aeration pump, an aeration tank, a flow control valve, a water inlet, a transparent partition plate and a water outlet, wherein the aeration pump, the aeration tank and the flow control valve are communicated through a pipeline, culture water is stored in the aeration tank, air pumped in by the aeration pump is used for aerating the water, and then the water flows into the plastic water tank through the water inlet through the flow control valve; in the plastic water tank, the transparent partition plate is arranged in the direction parallel to the height, and in the invention, the upper part of the transparent partition plate is flush with the water surface of the plastic water tank, and the lower part of the transparent partition plate is 10cm away from the bottom of the water tank, so that the water flow is ensured to pass through and the water flow velocity in the water tank is uniform.
In the invention, the culture device also comprises a shading net, wherein the shading net is arranged parallel to the water surface of the plastic water tank, and the shading net is arranged 1.5m away from the water surface of the plastic water tank.
In the present invention, the plastic water tank preferably has a length × width × height of 70cm × 50cm × 50 cm.
The invention adjusts the water inlet speed and the water inlet time through the flow control valve so as to realize the control of the water exchange uniformity in the plastic water tank.
According to the invention, the water body is preferably aerated in the aeration tank before entering the plastic water tank so as to homogenize the water body.
In the present invention, the submerged plant is preferably cultured after being planted in a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe container. In the present invention, the diameter of the PVC pipe container is preferably 8cm, and the length of the PVC pipe container is preferably 12.5 cm.
In the present invention, the number of cycles of the cycle period in the cultivation is preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 3, and particularly 60 days.
In the present invention, the water exchange uniformity is also referred to as water flow rate fluctuation or water flow fluctuation.
In the present invention, the calculation formula of the water exchange uniformity is shown in formula 1:
in the formula 1, C nt Is the water exchange uniformity for n days of the tth cycle; q t (t 1, 2.. n.) is the average water flow (mL. min.) in the plastic cistern for the nth cycle of n days -1 )；Q ti (t 1,2, 1, n, i 1,2, n-1, n) is the average water flow rate (mL min) of the ith day of the t period in the plastic water tank -1 )。
In the present invention, the culturing is preferably performed under strong light irradiation or weak light irradiation, respectively.
In the present invention, the intense light irradiation is preferably 100% natural light intensity.
In the invention, the weak light irradiation is preferably 10-40% of natural light intensity, and more preferably 40% of natural light intensity.
The invention preferably simulates the conditions of water eutrophication and water transparency reduction by regulating and controlling the light irradiation intensity of the culture.
In the present invention, the present invention preferably further comprises regular monitoring of the culture water and sediment during the culturing.
In the present invention, the items of examination of the culture water include turbidity, dissolved oxygen content, dissolved carbon dioxide content and pH.
In the present invention, the detection item of the deposit preferably includes an oxidation-reduction potential.
In the present invention, the sediment is preferably a sediment of a target water area.
In the present invention, the interval between the repetition of the periodic monitoring is preferably 5 days.
In the invention, after the cultivation, the biological accumulation of the submerged plant obtained by the cultivation under the conditions of different water exchange uniformity is measured; when the biological accumulation amount is increased along with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the high water exchange uniformity is strong; when the biological accumulation amount is decreased with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the low water exchange uniformity is strong; when the biological accumulation amount increases with the increase of the water exchange uniformity and then decreases, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity is strong.
In the present invention, the determination preferably further comprises determining plant height, root-cap ratio and root morphology parameters of the submerged plant obtained by the cultivation under the conditions of different water exchange uniformity.
In the present invention, the root cap ratio is particularly preferably the ratio of underground biomass to above-ground biomass.
In the present invention, the root morphology parameters preferably include root length, root diameter and specific root length.
The invention carries out correlation analysis on the biological cumulant obtained by the growth of the submerged plant under the conditions of different water exchange uniformity and the water exchange uniformity. Meanwhile, the influence of the water exchange uniformity on various water indexes is preferably judged by using single-factor repeated measurement variance analysis, the submerged plant biomass accumulation is preferably subjected to related analysis with various water indexes, key environmental factors influencing the plant biomass accumulation are found out, and form adjustment strategies of different plants for adapting to the water exchange uniformity are compared.
The method for evaluating the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity is characterized in that a water exchange uniformity gradient and an illumination condition in a laboratory are set according to a target water area change range existing in the field, native species in the target water area are selected for a growth experiment, the responses of different species of the submerged plant morphological change under different water exchange uniformity are evaluated, illumination (environmental factors) is comprehensively considered, suitable species under different water exchange uniformity conditions are selected, and a reference is provided for the submerged plant restoration of a degraded water area. The experimental device is reasonable, easy to operate and low in cost.
The invention provides the application of the method in the technical scheme in selecting the dominant species for ecological restoration of the submerged plants.
The invention provides application of the method in the technical scheme in artificial restoration of submerged plant communities.
The method provided by the invention can select the optimum species for repairing the submerged plant under the condition of the given water exchange uniformity.
The method provided by the invention can regulate and control the conditions of water exchange uniformity which is the best for the growth of the given submerged plant under the condition of the given submerged plant, for example, when the method needs to recover the native species in a certain area, the method preferably regulates and controls the water exchange uniformity in the environment to realize the best growth of the species of the given submerged plant.
The method provided by the invention can be used for predicting the change of the composition of the wild submerged plant community when the water exchange uniformity is changed.
The method provided by the invention can simultaneously analyze the specific reasons causing the difference of the responses of different submerged plants to the increase of the water exchange uniformity.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
At the end of 7 months in 2021, the gulf of tape grass (Vallisneria natans), Myriophyllum spicatum (Myriophyllum spicatum), Eupatorium microphyllum (Potamogeton maackianus) and sediments were collected in Bay of the Er Hai mountain of the Dali white kingdom of Yunnan, transported to a greenhouse of the university of Yunnan for pre-culture: a layer of sediment with the thickness of 6cm is paved in a plastic box, tap water with the depth of 30cm is slowly injected above the sediment, and after the three submerged plants are suitable for growing for one month, new plants are grown for experiments.
Selecting individuals with proper size and good growth vigor from newly grown submerged plants, wherein the top 8cm of the paniculate myriophyllum and the fine-tooth euglena are kept as seedlings, the top 5cm of the common sowthistle and the root system 3cm of the common sowthistle are kept as seedlings, the seedlings are respectively planted in a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe container (with the length of 12.5cm and the diameter of 8cm) filled with sediments with the thickness of 8cm, and then randomly placing the seedlings in a plastic water tank filled with 150L of tap water. The three types of submerged plants are 60 plants in each species, 2 plants are planted in each water tank, and the average value of the two plants is used as the measured value of the species in the water tank.
Under the condition of ensuring other environmental factors to be consistent, the following setting is carried out on the water exchange conditions in the water tank to obtain different water exchange uniformity degrees: low water exchange uniformity-0.03 (20 days is a period, the first 10 days exchange 10 wt% of the total water per day, the last 10 days are static), medium water exchange uniformity 0.4 (the first 15 days exchange 6.7 wt% of the total water per day, the last 5 days are static), and high water exchange uniformity 1(20 days exchange 5% of the total water per day). Simultaneously, setting the light intensity on the water surface of two levels: culturing the submerged plant for 60 days by using strong light (100% natural light intensity, no shielding) and weak light (40% natural light intensity, and arranging a layer of shading net 1.5m above the water body), and repeatedly measuring the turbidity, the dissolved oxygen content, the dissolved carbon dioxide content, the pH value and the oxidation-reduction potential of the sediment of the water body once every 5 days from the 1 st day. After sampling, the plant morphology was measured and correlated with environmental indicators, the results of which are shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4, and 5.
The results of fig. 2-5 show that the water exchange uniformity has different degrees of influence on the turbidity of the water body, the dissolved oxygen content, the dissolved carbon dioxide content, the pH value and the oxidation-reduction potential of sediments, the biomass accumulation of the potamogeton pectinatus is positively correlated with the dissolved oxygen content (P <0.05), the biomass accumulation of the bitter herbs and the spicate foxtail algae is positively correlated with the dissolved carbon dioxide content of the water body, and the correlation of the bitter herbs is significant (P < 0.05). Under the two natural light intensities of the embodiment, the biomass accumulation of the microtooth eyeweed is increased along with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the biomass accumulation of the common sowthistle herb and the microtooth eyeweed is reduced, but the reduction trend of the common sowthistle herb is more obvious. The effect of the myriophyllum spicatum on biomass distribution (aboveground/underground biomass ratio) and specific root length adjustment strategies is higher than that of the myriophyllum pratense, so that the adverse effect caused by lack of carbon dioxide can be better reduced; the growth rate of the potamogeton pectinatus is slower than that of the other two species, the growth of the potamogeton pectinatus is not limited by the lack of carbon dioxide, and the root length of the potamogeton pectinatus is increased by more oxygen, so that the biomass accumulation of the potamogeton pectinatus is increased along with the increase of the water exchange uniformity.
The method provided by the invention can select the optimum species for repairing the submerged plant under the condition of the given water exchange uniformity. According to the invention, by comparing the biomass accumulation absolute values of different submerged plants under the condition of a given water exchange uniformity, the submerged plant with the largest biomass accumulation absolute value can be selected as a repair species under the given water exchange uniformity. In this example 1, it was analyzed that in a in fig. 3, B in fig. 3, and C in fig. 3, the submerged plant species with the highest biomass accumulation was watery foxtail algae under the condition of 40% full-day, low water exchange uniformity (WEE), and therefore, it was most appropriate to select watery foxtail algae as the degraded water area-restoring species in the environment of 40% full-day, low WEE.
The method provided by the invention can regulate and control the conditions of water exchange uniformity which are the best for the growth of the given submerged plant under the condition of the given submerged plant, for example, when the indigenous species in a certain area needs to be recovered, the method preferably regulates and controls the water exchange uniformity in the environment to realize the best growth of the species of the given submerged plant. In this example 1, analyzing a in fig. 3, if it is required to recover the eel grass colony in the target water area, and the method provided by the present invention knows that the eel grass grows best under the condition of low WEE, the present invention preferably adjusts the flow rate and flow speed of the water area through water control facilities and devices such as water gates, so as to make the water exchange uniformity in the range most favorable for the eel grass to grow.
The method provided by the invention can be used for predicting the change of the composition of the wild submerged plant community when the water exchange uniformity is changed. In this example 1, analyzing A, B and C in FIG. 3, A in FIG. 3 and B in FIG. 3, the accumulation of eel grass and C in the two lighting conditions decreased with the increase of the uniformity of water exchange, so that the increase of the uniformity of water exchange inhibited the growth of the two plants; however, the decrease of the tape grass under the two illumination conditions reaches a remarkable level, and the reduction of the spike-shaped myriophyllum is not remarkable although the spike-shaped myriophyllum is in a decreasing trend. In fig. 3C, the accumulation of the biomass of the green laver increases with the increase of the uniformity of the water exchange in both lighting conditions, and thus the increase of the uniformity of the water exchange promotes the growth of the green laver. Therefore, the method provided by the invention can predict that: if the water exchange uniformity is increased due to artificial regulation and climate change in the field in the environment where the three plants exist simultaneously, the dominance degree of the potamogeton denticulata in the community will be increased, the dominance degree of the tape grass and the spike-shaped foxtail algae will be reduced, and the falling trend of the tape grass will be more obvious.
The method provided by the invention can simultaneously analyze the specific reasons causing the difference of the responses of different submerged plants to the increase of the water exchange uniformity. The method provided by the invention comprises the steps of firstly, finding out the environmental factors which are significantly influenced by WEE by regularly monitoring the change of water and sediment during culture, and determining the main environmental factors which influence the plant biomass accumulation by respectively regressing the plant biomass accumulation and the environmental factors which are significantly influenced by WEE, wherein the result is shown in figure 4, and finally, comparing the adjustment of the morphological root-crown ratio (figure 3), the root length and the root length (figure 5) of the submerged plant, analyzing the difference of the adjustment of the plant on characters, and determining the response difference of the submerged plant on the change of the water exchange uniformity by the effectiveness or non-effectiveness of the adjustment strategies.
The experimental data show that the method provided by the invention identifies the response difference of different species to the water exchange uniformity, the difference is determined by the limiting factors borne by different submerged plants and the effectiveness of self-form adjustment, and correlation analysis shows that the biomass accumulation of the potamogeton pectinatus is mainly positively correlated with the dissolved oxygen content, and the biomass accumulation of the tape grass and the waterhead form watermifoil is mainly positively correlated with the water body soluble carbon dioxide content. In addition, the regulation of the root cap ratio, specific root length of the ear-shaped watermifoil is more effective than that of the ear-shaped watermifoil when the carbon dioxide content is reduced. Specifically, in this embodiment, when the water exchange uniformity value is-0.03, the biomass accumulation of the spicate foxtail algae and the eel grass is the most, and when the water exchange uniformity value is 1, the biomass accumulation of the microphyllus is the most. Therefore, it can be concluded that, in this example, the spicate foxtail algae and the sowthistle are more suitable for the condition of low water exchange uniformity, and the potamogeton denticulata is more suitable for the condition of high water exchange uniformity.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and all of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating the adaptability of submerged plants to water exchange uniformity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
culturing submerged plants under different water exchange uniformity conditions, wherein the different water exchange uniformity conditions comprise low water exchange uniformity, medium water exchange uniformity and high water exchange uniformity, and the low water exchange uniformity is smaller than the medium water exchange uniformity and is smaller than the high water exchange uniformity;
measuring the biological accumulation of the submerged plant obtained by culture under the conditions of different water exchange uniformity;
when the biological accumulation amount is increased along with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the high water exchange uniformity is strong;
when the biological accumulation amount is decreased with the increase of the water exchange uniformity, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the low water exchange uniformity is strong;
when the biological accumulation amount increases with the increase of the water exchange uniformity and then decreases, the adaptability of the submerged plant to the water exchange uniformity is strong.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the low water exchange uniformity is ≦ -0.03, the medium water exchange uniformity of-0.03 ≦ 0.40, and the high water exchange uniformity of 0.40 ≦ 1.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cultivation method under the conditions of low water exchange uniformity is: in a culture container, taking 20 days as a cycle period, exchanging 10 wt% of the total culture water amount every day for 1-10 days, and standing for 11-20 days;
the culture method under the condition of the uniform water exchange comprises the following steps: in a culture container, taking 20 days as a cycle period, exchanging 6.7 wt% of the total culture water consumption every day for 1-15 days, and standing for 16-20 days;
the culture method under the condition of high water exchange uniformity comprises the following steps: in the culture container, 20 days are taken as a cycle period, and 5 wt% of the total culture water consumption is exchanged every day from 1 st day to 20 th day.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the culturing is performed under strong light irradiation or weak light irradiation, respectively, wherein the strong light irradiation is 100% of natural light intensity, and the weak light irradiation is 10-40% of natural light intensity.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the number of cycles of the cycle period in the cultivation is 2 to 4.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the culturing process further comprises periodically monitoring culture water and sediments, wherein the measurement items of the culture water comprise turbidity, dissolved oxygen content, dissolved carbon dioxide content and pH value, and the measurement items of the sediments comprise oxidation-reduction potential.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the submerged plant is a submerged plant propagule, and when the submerged plant growth type is a canopy type or an erect type, the top 8-15 cm of the submerged plant is used as the submerged plant propagule; when the submerged plant is in a lotus-seat type or benthic type, 5-15 cm leaves and 3-5 cm roots of the submerged plant are used as a submerged plant propagule.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determining further comprises determining plant height, root-cap ratio and root morphology parameters of the submerged plant obtained by the culturing, wherein the root morphology parameters comprise root length, root diameter and root length.
9. Use of the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 for selecting dominant species for the ecological restoration of submerged plants.
10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for artificially restoring a submerged plant community.
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