CN114942564B - Large-view-field rear projection system for air combat countermeasure simulation training and rear projection ball curtain - Google Patents
Large-view-field rear projection system for air combat countermeasure simulation training and rear projection ball curtain Download PDFInfo
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- CN114942564B CN114942564B CN202210636285.2A CN202210636285A CN114942564B CN 114942564 B CN114942564 B CN 114942564B CN 202210636285 A CN202210636285 A CN 202210636285A CN 114942564 B CN114942564 B CN 114942564B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/54—Accessories
- G03B21/56—Projection screens
- G03B21/60—Projection screens characterised by the nature of the surface
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/08—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
- G09B9/24—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer including display or recording of simulated flight path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
- H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
- H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rear projection ball curtain which comprises a projection imaging layer, a reinforced reinforcing layer and an anti-dazzle layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the bottom of the rear projection ball curtain is provided with a bottom opening, a side inlet is communicated with the bottom opening, the sizes of the bottom opening and the side inlet are set to meet the requirements that the vertical view field of the rear projection ball curtain is 130 degrees and the horizontal view field is 300 degrees, and the diameter of the rear projection ball curtain is 3.5m. A large field of view rear projection system for air combat countermeasure simulation training, comprising: the system comprises a back projection ball curtain, a view generation module, an image correction fusion module and a plurality of projectors. The invention has the advantages of rear projection imaging, ultra-large field angle technology, horizontal field of view of 300 degrees and vertical field of view of 130 degrees, meeting the requirements of multi-model airspace combat, meeting the average resolution of the system of < 3 arc minutes/optical line pair, and the brightness of the system of > 100cd/m, and improving the immersion sense, wherein the contrast ratio of the system is more than or equal to 10:1.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vision of flight simulators. More particularly, the present invention relates to a large field rear projection system and rear projection ball curtain for use in air combat countermeasure simulation training.
Background
The vision system is a special system for simulating the vision of a pilot, presenting all scenes related to flight tasks, such as weather, outside the aircraft to the pilot, helping the pilot judge the flight speed, position, flight height, flight attitude and the like of the aircraft, simulating the flight condition according to computer imaging, displaying the simulated flight condition through a screen and helping the pilot to realize flight training. Although the flight simulator visual simulation system is a simulation system, the flight simulator visual simulation system provides a prior skill training means for the development of the actual operation capability of pilots, so that the flight simulator visual simulation system has important significance for the culture of pilot professional literacy and the growth of flight experience. The existing visual simulation system has the problem that the imaging curtain is behind, and training environment simulation is realized in a mode of splicing display screens, column curtains and forward projection ball curtains in the prior art; and the visual angle is small, so that the method is not suitable for simulating large-scene airspace combat and has weak immersion.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the present invention to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages to be described later.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a rear projection ball curtain, rear projection imaging (hyperboloid surface imaging, external projection and internal viewing), super-large field angle technology, horizontal field of view 300 degrees, and vertical field of view 130 degrees.
The invention also aims to provide a large-view-field rear projection system for air combat countermeasure simulation training, which is characterized in that the rear projection imaging rear projection ball curtain passes through 3.5m and is of an ultra-large view angle technology, the average resolution of the large-view-field rear projection system is less than 3 arc minutes/optical line pairs, the system brightness is more than 100cd/m, the system contrast is more than or equal to 10:1, and the immersion sense is improved.
To achieve these objects and other advantages and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a rear projection ball curtain comprising: the rear projection ball curtain comprises a projection imaging layer, a reinforcement reinforcing layer and an anti-dazzle layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the bottom of the rear projection ball curtain is provided with a bottom opening, a side inlet is communicated with the bottom opening, and the sizes of the bottom opening and the side inlet are set to meet the requirements that the vertical view field of the rear projection ball curtain is 130 degrees and the horizontal view field of the rear projection ball curtain is 300 degrees.
Preferably, the rear projection ball curtain has a diameter of 3.5m.
Preferably, the preparation of the reinforced reinforcing layer comprises the following steps: performing surface treatment on the adobe according to a standard 3.5m hemisphere to obtain a pair of hemispherical scratch films which are fixedly connected in a butt joint mode to form scratch films; a pair of hemispherical female dies which are fixedly connected to form a female die are manufactured on the outer surface of the supporting scratch film; a pair of hemispherical male dies which are fixedly connected to form a male die are manufactured by depending on the inner surface of the female die; and (3) rotatably erecting a male die, and obtaining the reinforced reinforcing layer by adopting an out-of-die casting process.
Preferably, the inner vertical spraying and the inner horizontal spraying are alternately adopted on the inner surface of the reinforced reinforcing layer to manufacture the projection imaging layer, and the outer vertical spraying and the outer horizontal spraying are alternately adopted on the outer surface of the reinforced reinforcing layer to manufacture the anti-glare layer.
A large field of view rear projection system for air combat countermeasure simulation training, includes back projection ball curtain, vision generation module, with the image correction fusion module that vision generation module is connected, with a plurality of projectors that image correction fusion module is connected, wherein:
Designing the geometric center of the back projection ball curtain as an eyepoint;
The image correction fusion module utilizes a viewing cone fusion technology, based on the size of a rear projection spherical screen, the position of an eye point, optical parameters of projectors and the brightness attenuation rate of the rear projection spherical screen, iterates a system light path under the conditions that the horizontal view field is 300 degrees, the vertical view field is 130 degrees, the average resolution is less than 3 arc minutes/optical line pairs, the system brightness is more than 100cd/m, the system contrast is more than or equal to 10:1, the number of projectors and the spatial position of each projector relative to the spherical screen are determined, and the projectors are installed according to the determined number of the projectors and the spatial position of each projector relative to the spherical screen;
the view generation module is used for receiving the interaction information in real time and outputting a multi-channel view image according to the received information;
The image correction fusion module receives the outputted multichannel visual images, carries out fusion correction, and then sends the multichannel visual images to the corresponding projector, and the multichannel visual images are projected onto a rear projection ball curtain through the projector
Preferably, the projector is an LCOS series 4K6021Z laser engineering projector, the projection ratio is 1.89:1, the brightness is 6000 lumens brightness, and the resolution is 4096:2160.
Preferably, the number of the projectors is 8, the number of the upper layers is 3, the number of the lower layers is 5, and the spatial positions of the projectors relative to the spherical screen include mounting positions and orientations, and the method is specifically as follows:
Each projector mounting position is set as: taking an eyepoint as an origin, wherein the horizontal forward direction of the eyepoint is the Z-axis forward direction, the horizontal left direction of the eyepoint is the X-axis forward direction, and the vertical upward direction of the eyepoint is the Y-axis forward direction; the moving distance of the lower layer 5 projectors along the Y axis is 0.5m, the moving distances along the X axis are respectively-3.5 m, -3m, 3.5m and 0m, and the corresponding moving distances along the Z axis are respectively 2.0m, -2.5m, 2.0m and 3.5m; the moving distance of the upper layer 3 projectors along the Y axis is 3.5m, the moving distance along the X axis is 1m, -1m and 0m respectively, and the corresponding moving distance along the Z axis is-0.5 m, -0.5m and 0.5m respectively;
Each projector orientation is set to: perpendicular to the sphere of the ball curtain, and the extension line passes through the sphere center.
Preferably, the view generation module comprises a simulation management server and 4 view rendering computers connected with the simulation management server, each view rendering computer supports outputting 2 channels of view images, and a view database is placed in each view rendering computer;
The simulation management server is used for receiving the interaction information in real time and converting the interaction information into control information, the simulation management server synchronously transmits the control information to each view rendering computer, each view rendering computer analyzes after receiving the control information, and synchronously outputs 2-channel view images according to analysis results and a view database.
Preferably, each view rendering computer is provided with a synchronous card.
Preferably, the back projection ball curtain comprises a light shielding room, a bracket, 5 lower support frames and a cantilever support frame, wherein the light shielding room is arranged through a bottom frame, the bracket, the 5 lower support frames and the cantilever support frame are arranged in the light shielding room and are not contacted with each other, and the back projection ball curtain is arranged on the bracket through a flange seat; the projectors positioned below are installed on the 5 lower support frames in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the projectors positioned above are installed on the cantilever support frames.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the first rear projection imaging (hyperboloid surface imaging, external projection and internal viewing), the rear projection ball curtain passes through 3.5m, in the manufacturing process, the smoothness and the diameter control of the inner surface of the rear projection ball curtain are ensured through the sequential preparation of a scraping film, a female die and a male die, the forming of the large-size (3.5 m) rear projection ball curtain is further facilitated through the external casting, the self supporting strength of the rear projection ball curtain is further improved, the spraying uniformity is improved by adopting different tracks to alternately spray for multiple times, the gain uniformity of the whole field of view can be ensured, the phenomenon of inconsistent color and brightness is not visible through visual observation, and the solar effect is avoided;
Secondly, the field of view is large (super large field angle technology, horizontal field of view is 300 degrees, vertical field of view is 130 degrees), and the requirement of multi-machine airspace combat is met; LCOS series 4K6021Z laser engineering projector is adopted, which satisfies single channel 4K+ visual picture output, has high definition, and the average resolution of large visual field rear projection system is less than 3 arc minutes/optical line pair, the system brightness is more than 100cd/m, the system contrast is more than or equal to 10:1, and the immersion is improved.
Third, shading room, ball curtain, be located the projecting apparatus of top, be located the projecting apparatus physical interval setting of below, avoid resonance to the influence of projection picture, and whole device adopts modularization, lightweight design, fully considers the convenience of dismantling, hoist and mount, transportation, installation and maintenance in the design process.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rear projection ball screen according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a spray trajectory according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a spray trajectory according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a large field rear projection system for air combat countermeasure simulation training according to one aspect of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top layout view of a projector according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the shading room according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the lower support frame and the cantilever support frame according to one embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals specifically are: back projecting ball curtain 1; a side inlet 2; an eyepoint 3; a shading room 4; a lower support 5; a cantilever support 6; and a projector 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
It will be understood that terms, such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a rear projection ball curtain, which comprises a projection imaging layer, a reinforced reinforcing layer and an anti-dazzle layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the bottom of the rear projection ball curtain 1 is provided with a bottom opening, a side inlet 2 is communicated with the bottom opening, and the sizes of the bottom opening and the side inlet are set to meet the requirements of 130 degrees and 300 degrees of horizontal view field of the rear projection ball curtain 1. In the above-mentioned technical scheme, be equipped with the cabin system in the rear projection ball curtain 1, navigating mate passes through lateral part import 2 business turn over to use the cabin system, adopt this kind of scheme, rear projection ball curtain 1 is including projection imaging layer, reinforcement enhancement layer, the antiglare layer that set gradually from interior to exterior, realizes throwing outward in seeing, simultaneously through bottom open-ended setting, when satisfying back projection ball curtain 1 installation stability, does not influence the perpendicular visual field of back projection ball curtain 1, through lateral part import 2's setting, when satisfying navigating mate business turn over, does not influence the horizontal visual field requirement.
In another technical scheme, the diameter of the rear projection ball curtain 1 is 3.5m, and by adopting the technical scheme, the large-size rear projection ball curtain 1 is provided.
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a rear projection ball curtain, which comprises the following steps of:
performing surface treatment on the adobe according to a standard 3.5m hemisphere to obtain a pair of hemispherical scratch films which are fixedly connected in a butt joint mode to form scratch films;
A pair of hemispherical female dies which are fixedly connected to form a female die are manufactured on the outer surface of the supporting scratch film;
a pair of hemispherical male dies which are fixedly connected to form a male die are manufactured by depending on the inner surface of the female die;
And (3) rotatably erecting a male die, and obtaining a reinforced reinforcing layer by adopting an out-of-die casting process, wherein the reinforced reinforcing layer is made of epoxy resin reinforcing materials. Specific: the preparation of the reinforced reinforcing layer comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a die
Manufacturing a scraping die, and performing surface treatment on the adobe according to a standard 3.5m hemisphere (ensuring the smoothness of the outer surface and the roundness standard) to obtain a pair of hemispherical scraping films with the outer diameter of 3.5 m;
A pair of hemispherical female dies with the inner diameter of 3.5m are manufactured by depending on the outer surface of the scraping film, and the pair of hemispherical female dies are in butt joint and fixed to form a female die;
A pair of hemispherical male dies with the outer diameter of 3.5m are manufactured by depending on the inner surface of the female dies, and the pair of hemispherical female dies are in butt joint and fixed to form male dies, wherein connecting pieces are arranged at the periphery of a ball port of each hemispherical female die and at the interior Zhou Jun of a ball port of each hemispherical male die and used for fixing the pair of hemispherical female dies and the pair of hemispherical male dies;
S2, manufacturing of reinforced reinforcing layer of rear projection ball curtain
Setting up a male die in a rotatable manner, adopting an external casting process, curing thermosetting fluid on the reinforced reinforcing layer material into a thermosetting product through temperature and rotating speed control, cutting and demolding (male die) to obtain a reinforced reinforcing layer, wherein the thickness of the reinforced reinforcing layer is preferably 5mm, the reinforced reinforcing layer is specifically made of epoxy resin reinforcing material, polishing the outer surface of the reinforced reinforcing layer before cutting and demolding, and polishing the inner surface of the reinforced reinforcing layer after cutting and demolding;
The reinforced reinforcing layer is used for cutting the bottom opening and the side inlet 2 according to the drawing requirements, a flange seat is additionally arranged on the bottom section after cutting, the flange seat is arranged to facilitate the fixation of the back projection ball curtain, strength is enhanced and deformation is prevented, the size of the bottom opening is set to meet the vertical view field of 130 degrees (-40 degrees, 90 degrees) after cutting, and the size of the side inlet 2 is set to meet the horizontal view field (HFOV) of 300 degrees (-150 degrees, 150 degrees) after cutting; by adopting the scheme, the female die is manufactured by scraping the film, the male die is manufactured by the female die, the smoothness of the outer surface of the male die and the diameter control are ensured, and the formation of the large-size (3.5 m) rear projection ball curtain is facilitated by casting outside the die.
In another technical scheme, as shown in fig. 2-3, the inner vertical spraying and the inner horizontal spraying are alternately adopted for manufacturing the projection imaging layer on the inner surface of the reinforced reinforcing layer, and the outer vertical spraying and the outer horizontal spraying are alternately adopted for manufacturing the anti-glare layer on the outer surface of the reinforced reinforcing layer. In the above technical solution, the manufacturing of the rear projection ball curtain projection imaging layer includes the following steps:
the reinforced reinforcing layer of the rear projection ball curtain is arranged on a turntable tool through a flange seat, the turntable tool is driven to rotate through a motor, and the rotation of the turntable tool synchronously drives the rear projection ball curtain positioned on the turntable tool to rotate;
A telescopic support frame is arranged in the inner space of the reinforcement reinforcing layer of the back projection ball curtain on the turntable tool, and a steering spray head is arranged at the top end of the telescopic support frame, wherein the rotation angle of the steering spray head is horizontally and upwards expanded by 90 degrees and horizontally and downwards expanded by 40 degrees;
Regulating and controlling a telescopic support frame to enable the steering spray head to be positioned at the center point of the reinforced reinforcing layer of the rear projection ball curtain, and alternately adopting an inner vertical spray mode and an inner horizontal spray mode to manufacture a projection imaging layer on the inner surface of the reinforced reinforcing layer of the rear projection ball curtain, wherein the thickness of the projection imaging layer is not more than 0.08mm;
wherein, interior vertical jettison specifically does: controlling the steering spray head to reciprocally rotate in a rotation angle range, controlling the turntable tool to be static when the steering spray head rotates once along the rotation angle range, and controlling the turntable tool to rotate by a preset angle when the rotation in the rotation angle range is finished once so as to drive the reinforced reinforcing layer to rotate by the preset angle, and controlling the steering spray head to rotate next along the rotation angle range so that the track of the spray head is vertically arranged, wherein the preset angle is determined according to actual conditions, and the aim of realizing uniform spraying while realizing full spraying coverage is achieved;
The internal horizontal spraying method specifically comprises the following steps: the steering spray head is controlled to adjust the angle of the steering spray head at a preset angle from top to bottom or from bottom to top in a rotating angle range, and the turntable tool is controlled to rotate to drive the reinforced reinforcing layer to rotate once every adjustment angle, wherein the rotating angle is 360 degrees circumferentially, so that the spraying track is circumferentially arranged, the once adjustment size of the spray head angle is determined according to actual conditions, and the aim of realizing uniform spraying while spraying full coverage is achieved;
the manufacturing of the back projection ball curtain anti-dazzle layer comprises the following steps:
the telescopic support frame is arranged on the outer side of the rear projection ball curtain reinforcement reinforcing layer, and the outer surface of the rear projection ball curtain reinforcement reinforcing layer is alternately subjected to outer vertical spraying and outer horizontal spraying to manufacture an anti-glare layer;
wherein, outer vertical jettison specifically is: the method comprises the steps of controlling the steering spray head to reciprocally rotate within a rotation angle range, synchronously controlling the telescopic support frame to lift, enabling the steering spray head to vertically face the reinforced reinforcing layer for spraying when in each angle, enabling the telescopic support frame to finish stretching or shortening operation once in the height direction when rotating along the rotation angle range once, achieving spraying along the vertical direction once, controlling the turntable tool to be static in the process, controlling the turntable tool to rotate by a preset angle when the spraying along the vertical direction once is finished, driving the reinforced reinforcing layer to rotate by a preset angle, controlling the steering spray head and the telescopic support frame to conduct spraying along the vertical direction next time, enabling the track of the spray head to be arranged along the vertical direction, determining the preset angle according to actual conditions, and achieving uniform spraying when spraying full coverage is achieved;
The external horizontal spraying method specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of controlling the steering spray head to adjust the angle of the steering spray head at a preset angle from top to bottom or from bottom to top in a rotation angle range, synchronously controlling the height of a telescopic support frame every time the angle is adjusted so that the steering spray head faces the reinforced reinforcing layer vertically, controlling a turntable tool to rotate to drive the reinforced reinforcing layer to rotate every time the angle is adjusted, and enabling a spraying track to be arranged along the circumferential direction, wherein the size of one time of adjustment of the angle of the spray head is determined according to actual conditions, and the aim of realizing uniform spraying while realizing full coverage of spraying is achieved;
in one embodiment, the backcast curtain parameters are shown in tables 1-2 below:
TABLE 1 optical Property parameters
TABLE 2 physical Property parameters
By adopting the scheme, the spray coating uniformity is improved by adopting different tracks to spray for multiple times alternately, the gain of the whole visual field can be ensured to be uniform after the spray coating, the phenomena of inconsistent visible color and brightness can be observed visually, the solar effect can be avoided, the coating is firm after the spray coating, the H pencil is used for directly scratching the coating and does not fall off, and the phenomenon of cracking or falling off can be avoided after the H pencil is used for a long time (not less than 5 years).
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention provides a large-view rear projection system for air combat countermeasure simulation training, which comprises a view generating module, an image correction fusion module connected with the view generating module, a plurality of projectors connected with the image correction fusion module, and a rear projection ball curtain, wherein the geometric center of the rear projection ball curtain is designed to be an eyepoint 3;
The image correction fusion module utilizes a view cone fusion technology, based on the size of a rear projection spherical screen, the position of an eye point 3, optical parameters of projectors and the brightness attenuation rate of the rear projection spherical screen, under the condition that the horizontal view field is 300 degrees, the vertical view field is 130 degrees, the average resolution is less than 3 arc minutes/optical line pairs, the system brightness is more than 100cd/m, the system contrast is more than or equal to 10:1, the system light path is iterated for a plurality of times, the number of projectors, the spatial positions of the projectors relative to the spherical screen are determined, the field angles of the projectors are determined, and the projectors are installed according to the determined number of the projectors and the spatial positions of the projectors relative to the spherical screen;
the view generation module is used for receiving the interaction information in real time and outputting a multi-channel view image according to the received information;
The image correction fusion module receives the outputted multichannel visual images, carries out fusion correction, and then sends the multichannel visual images to the corresponding projector, and the multichannel visual images are projected onto the rear projection ball curtain through the projector.
In the technical proposal, based on the size of the back projection spherical screen, the position of the eye point 3, the optical parameters of the projector and the brightness attenuation rate of the back projection spherical screen, the system brightness is more than 100cd/m and the system contrast is more than or equal to 10:1 when the horizontal view field is 300 degrees, the vertical view field is 130 degrees, the average resolution is less than 3 arc minutes/optical line pairs, the space positions of the projectors relative to the spherical screen are determined by adopting the view cone fusion technology, the projectors are arranged at the view field angles of the projectors, the system design index is ensured to be realized,
In the use process, the image correction fusion module is used for carrying out light path design, then the number of projectors and the space position of each projector relative to the spherical screen are obtained, the projectors are installed at the field angle of each projector, the installation of the projectors is determined, the view generation module is used for receiving interactive information in real time, and a multi-channel view image is output according to the received information; the image correction fusion module receives the outputted multichannel visual images, carries out fusion correction, and then sends the multichannel visual images to a corresponding projector, and the multichannel visual images are projected onto a rear projection ball curtain through the projector; by adopting the technical scheme, rear projection imaging (hyperboloid surface imaging, external projection and internal viewing) is adopted, and the diameter of a rear projection ball curtain is 3.5m; the visual field is large (super large visual field angle technology, horizontal visual field is 300 degrees, vertical visual field is 130 degrees), and the requirement of multiple airspace combat is met; the average resolution of the system is less than 3 arc minutes/optical line pair, the system brightness is more than 100cd/m, the contrast ratio of the system is more than or equal to 10:1, and the immersion sense is improved; in the process of image correction fusion, a viewing cone fusion technology is adopted, so that the accuracy of a space coordinate axis is ensured, the space position deviation is avoided, and real-time rendering is realized.
In another technical scheme, the projector is an LCOS series 4K6021Z laser engineering projector, the projection ratio is 1.89:1, the brightness is 6000 lumens brightness, and the resolution is 4096:2160 (projector optical parameters);
As shown in fig. 5, the number of projectors determined by the image correction fusion module is 8, the number of the upper layer is 3, the number of the lower layer is 5, ①、②、③、④、⑤、⑥、⑦、⑧ in fig. 5 respectively represents the positions of the projectors corresponding to the channels 1, 2, 3,4, 5,6, 7 and 8, where:
With the center of the spherical screen as the origin, the horizontal direction is the X-axis forward direction, the horizontal direction penetrating the paper is the Z-axis forward direction, the vertical direction is the Y-axis forward direction, and the positions of the projectors are shown in the following table 3:
Table 3 projector position
| Channel | X-axis distance of movement/m | Y-axis distance of movement/m | Z-axis movement distance/m |
| 1 | -3.5 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| 2 | -3 | 0.5 | -2.5 |
| 3 | 3 | 0.5 | -2.5 |
| 4 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| 5 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.5 |
| 6 | 1 | 3.5 | -0.5 |
| 7 | -1 | 3.5 | -0.5 |
| 8 | 0 | 3.5 | 0.5 |
Each projector orientation is set to: the extension line passes through the center of the sphere;
The camera angles of view (camera angles of view of the respective channels) of the projectors are shown in table 4 below:
Table 4 rear projection ball screen camera field angles for each channel
| Channel | Horizontal angle of view | Vertical angle of view | Pitch | Heading | Roll |
| 1 | -35°～35° | -26°～26° | -20° | 87.3° | 90° |
| 2 | -35°～35° | -26°～26° | -25° | 35° | 0° |
| 3 | -35°～35° | -26°～26° | -25° | -35° | 0° |
| 4 | -35°～35° | -26°～26° | -20° | -87.3° | 90° |
| 5 | -35°～35° | -26°～26° | -20° | 0° | 0° |
| 6 | -60°～60° | -35°～35° | 25° | 50° | 0° |
| 7 | -60°～60° | -35°～35° | 25° | -50° | 0° |
| 8 | -60°～60° | -35°～35° | 25° | 50° | 0° |
Wherein, pitch is the Pitch angle and upward is the positive direction; the head value is the yaw angle psi, which is positive to the right; roll value is Roll angle; pitch, heading, roll denotes an adjustment of the camera position constituting the imaging screen, which is denoted by 0 with the original azimuth of the eye point 3 facing forward. In the technical scheme, the LCOS series 4K6021Z laser engineering projector with Canon is selected as the projector, has 4K high resolution (4096 x 2160) and 6000 lumen brightness, and can meet the key index requirements of full view field brightness, average resolution, contrast and spherical periphery secondary focusing functions (edge focusing technology and space focusing technology) of the rear projection global curtain simultaneously through the real test of the LCOS series 4K6021Z laser engineering projector with Canon 6021Z matched with the rear projection spherical curtain. The image correction fusion module determines the number of projectors, the spatial position of each projector relative to the spherical screen, and the specific method of the view angle of each projector is as follows:
modeling to generate a back projection spherical screen basic model, wherein the diameter is 3.5 meters, the horizontal view angle is 300 degrees, and the vertical view angle is 130 degrees (minus 40 degrees to plus 90 degrees).
In the simulation view, an image correction fusion module adopts a view cone fusion mode (non-pixel fusion), adjusts the perspective relation of images according to the position of an eye point 3, simultaneously adopts a horizontal view field of 300 degrees, a vertical view field of 130 degrees, an average resolution of less than 3 arc minutes/optical line pairs, system brightness of more than 100cd/m, system contrast of more than or equal to 10:1 standard, carries out multi-round iterative design on the light path of a large-view rear projection system, finally determines that an 8 4096×2160@60Hz,6000 lumen projector Canon 4K6021Z rear projection direct shooting mode is adopted, the three-dimensional projection system is divided into an upper layer layout and a lower layer layout, an upper layer layout is divided into 3, a lower layer is divided into 5 layers, the spatial position of each projector relative to a spherical screen is determined, and the view field angle of each projector adopts LCOS series 4K6021Z laser engineering projector to meet single-channel 4K+ view picture output.
In another technical scheme, the view generation module comprises a simulation management server and 4 view rendering computers connected with the simulation management server, wherein each view rendering computer supports outputting 2-channel view images, and a view database is placed in each view rendering computer;
The simulation management server is used for receiving the interaction information in real time and converting the interaction information into control information, the simulation management server synchronously transmits the control information to each view rendering computer, each view rendering computer analyzes after receiving the control information, and synchronously outputs 2-channel view images according to analysis results and a view database. In the above technical solution, the view generating module (view generating workstation) adopts a 4+1 distributed rendering architecture, that is, includes a simulation management server, and 4 view rendering computers connected to the simulation management server, where each view rendering computer supports view display output of two channels, and specific view rendering computer reference configurations are shown in table 5 below:
Table 5 reference configuration of view rendering computer
| Component part | Configuration parameters | Component part | Configuration parameters |
| Processor and method for controlling the same | Intel Xeon dominant frequency 3.6G | Hard disk | 2TB SSD (capacity according to the specific demand) |
| Memory | 32GB DDR4 | Power support | Power: 1200W |
| Display card | 2 * NVIDIA Quadro RTX 5000 16GB GDDR6 | Network interface | Double giga RJ45 |
In the process of generating the view, the view generating module adopts synchronous control to avoid the problem that the integral picture after correction fusion is continuously smooth, wherein one of the synchronous control is embodied as soft synchronization, and the synchronous control is specifically as follows: the simulation management server and the view rendering computers are connected through the Ethernet, each view rendering computer is provided with the same view database comprising static scenes and dynamic entity models, the view database mainly comprises data such as terrain elevation data, various texture maps and entity models, the simulation management server receives interaction information (comprising interaction information including interaction operation information of users, simulation entity data information, data information (view picture interaction information) of the view rendering computers and the like), the simulation management server waits for each channel to send a feedback synchronization request, and after all the requests are collected, the feedback synchronization request is synchronously transmitted in a multicast mode, namely, the simulation management server synchronously transmits control information to each view rendering computer.
In another technical scheme, each view rendering computer is provided with a synchronous card in a matched mode. In the technical scheme, compared with a view rendering computer, the hardware configuration of the simulation management server only needs a single Zhang Xianka, and a synchronous card is not needed, and the hardware configuration of the simulation management server is the same as that of the view rendering computer; by adopting the scheme, the other synchronous control mode is realized to embody hard synchronization, each view rendering computer synchronously outputs 2-channel view images, and the technology of hard synchronization is combined while soft synchronization is realized, so that the synchronization effect is improved.
In another technical scheme, as shown in fig. 6-7, the back projection ball curtain comprises a shading room 4 arranged through a bottom frame, a bracket, 5 lower support frames 5 and a cantilever support frame 6 which are arranged in the shading room 4, wherein the bottom frame, the bracket, the 5 lower support frames 5 and the cantilever support frame 6 are not contacted with each other, and the back projection ball curtain is arranged on the bracket through a flange seat; the 5 projectors 7 positioned below are arranged on the 5 lower supporting frames 5 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the 3 projectors 7 positioned above are arranged on the cantilever supporting frames 6. In the technical scheme, the heights of the underframe and the bracket are 330 mm, the underframe and the bracket are formed by welding rectangular steel pipes, black matt paint is sprayed on the underframe and the bracket, a glass fiber reinforced plastic skin is adopted on the periphery, a blue paint surface is sprayed on the whole skin, leveling bolts are arranged at the bottom of the skin, a floor is paved on the upper surface, and black environment-friendly ground glue without peculiar smell and flame retardance is paved on the floor; the shading room 4 is made of steel structure composite glass fiber reinforced plastic, galvanized square pipes with the thickness of 40 multiplied by 40 mm and the wall thickness of 2mm are welded into a net-shaped framework, and glass fiber reinforced plastic plates with the thickness of 5mm are covered around the framework; the climbing maintenance operation can be carried out when climbing is required by matching with the cantilever support frame 6, and a platform is arranged on the upper part of the cantilever support frame 6, so that maintenance personnel can conveniently maintain a top projection system (comprising the projector 7) after reaching the platform through the climbing; by adopting the scheme, the shading room 4, the ball curtain, the projector 7 positioned above and the projector 7 positioned below are respectively arranged at physical intervals through the underframe, the bracket, the lower support 5 and the cantilever support 6, so that the influence of resonance caused by maintenance and walking on a projection picture is avoided, and further, the maintenance on top equipment is facilitated through the arrangement of the cat ladder and the platform; the underframe, the support, the lower support 5 and the cantilever support 6 are in modularized and lightweight design, and convenience in disassembly, hoisting, transportation, installation and maintenance is fully considered in the design process.
The number of equipment and the scale of processing described herein are intended to simplify the description of the present invention. The application, modification and variation of the large field rear projection system of the present invention for use in air combat countermeasure simulation training will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (2)
1. The large-view-field rear projection system for the air combat countermeasure simulation training is characterized by comprising a rear projection ball curtain, wherein the rear projection ball curtain comprises a projection imaging layer, a reinforcement reinforcing layer and an anti-dazzle layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, the bottom of the rear projection ball curtain is provided with a bottom opening, a side inlet is communicated with the bottom opening, and the sizes of the bottom opening and the side inlet are set to meet the requirements that the vertical view field of the rear projection ball curtain is 130 degrees and the horizontal view field is 300 degrees; the preparation of the reinforced reinforcing layer comprises the following steps: performing surface treatment on the adobe according to a standard 3.5m hemisphere to obtain a pair of hemispherical scratch films which are fixedly connected in a butt joint mode to form scratch films; a pair of hemispherical female dies which are fixedly connected to form a female die are manufactured on the outer surface of the supporting scratch film; a pair of hemispherical male dies which are fixedly connected to form a male die are manufactured by depending on the inner surface of the female die; a male die can be rotatably erected, and a reinforced reinforcing layer is obtained by adopting an out-of-die casting process; cutting the bottom opening and the side inlet of the reinforced reinforcing layer according to the drawing requirements, and additionally installing a flange seat on the bottom section after cutting; manufacturing a projection imaging layer by alternately adopting inner vertical spraying and inner horizontal spraying for the inner surface of the reinforced reinforcing layer, uniformly spraying, manufacturing an anti-glare layer by alternately adopting outer vertical spraying and outer horizontal spraying for the outer surface of the reinforced reinforcing layer, and uniformly spraying; the system further comprises a view generation module, an image correction fusion module connected with the view generation module, and a plurality of projectors connected with the image correction fusion module, wherein:
Designing the geometric center of the back projection ball curtain as an eyepoint;
the view generation module is used for receiving the interaction information in real time and outputting a multi-channel view image according to the received information;
the image correction fusion module receives the outputted multichannel visual images, carries out fusion correction, and then sends the multichannel visual images to a corresponding projector, and the multichannel visual images are projected onto a rear projection ball curtain through the projector;
The view generation module comprises a simulation management server and 4 view rendering computers connected with the simulation management server, wherein each view rendering computer supports outputting 2-channel view images, and a view database is placed in each view rendering computer;
The simulation management server is used for receiving the interaction information in real time and converting the interaction information into control information, the simulation management server synchronously transmits the control information to each view rendering computer, each view rendering computer analyzes the control information after receiving the control information, and synchronously outputs 2-channel view images according to analysis results and a view database;
Each view rendering computer is matched with a synchronous card;
The number of the projectors is 8, the upper layer is 3, the lower layer is 5, and the space position of each projector relative to the ball curtain comprises a mounting position and an orientation, and the method is specifically as follows: each projector mounting position is set as: taking an eyepoint as an origin, wherein the horizontal forward direction of the eyepoint is the Z-axis forward direction, the horizontal left direction of the eyepoint is the X-axis forward direction, and the vertical upward direction of the eyepoint is the Y-axis forward direction; the moving distance of the lower layer 5 projectors along the Y axis is 0.5m, the moving distances along the X axis are respectively-3.5 m, -3m, 3.5m and 0m, and the corresponding moving distances along the Z axis are respectively 2.0m, -2.5m, 2.0m and 3.5m; the moving distance of the upper layer 3 projectors along the Y axis is 3.5m, the moving distance along the X axis is 1m, -1m and 0m respectively, and the corresponding moving distance along the Z axis is-0.5 m, -0.5m and 0.5m respectively; each projector orientation is set to: the extension line passes through the center of the sphere;
The projector is an LCOS series 4K6021Z laser engineering projector, the projection ratio is 1.89:1, the brightness is 6000 lumens brightness, and the resolution is 4096:2160.
2. The large field rear projection system for air combat countermeasure simulation training of claim 1, further comprising a shading room mounted by a chassis, a bracket, 5 lower support frames, a cantilever support frame disposed in the shading room, the chassis, the bracket, the 5 lower support frames, the cantilever support frame being out of contact with each other, wherein the rear projection ball curtain is mounted on the bracket by a flange mount; the projectors positioned below are installed on the 5 lower support frames in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the projectors positioned above are installed on the cantilever support frames.
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