CN114942256A - Soil freezing experimental device - Google Patents
Soil freezing experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114942256A CN114942256A CN202210489367.9A CN202210489367A CN114942256A CN 114942256 A CN114942256 A CN 114942256A CN 202210489367 A CN202210489367 A CN 202210489367A CN 114942256 A CN114942256 A CN 114942256A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/14—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by using distillation, extraction, sublimation, condensation, freezing, or crystallisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/14—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by using distillation, extraction, sublimation, condensation, freezing, or crystallisation
- G01N25/145—Accessories, e.g. cooling devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil freezing research, and provides a soil freezing experimental device, which comprises: the heat-conducting module comprises a shell, a first heat conductor, a second heat conductor and a water replenishing assembly; the shell is used for placing a soil sample and can enable the soil sample to be communicated with the outside of the shell; the first heat conductor is positioned at the top of the shell and used for cooling the soil sample at the top; the second heat conductor is positioned at the bottom of the shell and used for cooling the soil sample at the bottom; and the water replenishing assembly is used for simulating groundwater replenishing at the bottom of the soil sample. The water replenishing assembly of the device can simulate groundwater for replenishing water at the bottom of the soil sample, and the soil sample is communicated with the outside of the shell, so that the air pressure at the top of the soil sample is equal to the air pressure outside the shell, and the water replenishing assembly can smoothly replenish the water of the unsaturated soil sample; and first heat conductor and second heat conductor cool off the soil sample from the top and the bottom of soil sample respectively, compare in the refrigerated experimental apparatus in traditional bottom, realization that can be better is to soil cooling temperature's control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil freezing research, in particular to a soil freezing experimental device.
Background
The soil freezing refers to the phenomenon that when the temperature of the soil is reduced to be below 0 ℃ in winter in middle and high latitude areas, water in the soil is frozen into ice to fix soil particles, and the soil is frozen into a hard state. The depth of soil freezing is related to local climatic conditions, topography, soil structure, soil humidity, surface snow thickness and straw coverage.
At the present stage, when a visual experiment is carried out on the soil freezing process, the existing experimental device can only carry out freezing experiment simulation on saturated soil, but cannot carry out the process simulation of the freezing experiment on unsaturated soil which can absorb moisture from a deep layer; and the heat conductor soaked in the cooling liquid is used for cooling the soil at the bottom of the soil, so that a large amount of energy loss is caused, the temperature for cooling the soil is difficult to control, and the experimental result is difficult to quantify.
Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of soil temperature control in an unsaturated soil cooling experiment is an urgent problem to be solved in the field at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a soil freezing experiment device which can improve the accuracy of soil sample temperature control in an unsaturated soil sample cooling experiment and solve the problem in the field at the present stage.
The invention provides a soil freezing experimental device, comprising: the heat-conducting module comprises a shell, a first heat conductor, a second heat conductor and a water replenishing assembly;
the shell is used for placing a soil sample and can enable the soil sample to be communicated with the outside of the shell;
the first heat conductor is positioned at the top of the shell and used for cooling the soil sample at the top;
the second heat conductor is positioned at the bottom of the shell and used for cooling the soil sample at the bottom;
the water replenishing assembly is used for simulating groundwater replenishing at the bottom of the soil sample.
The soil freezing experimental device provided by the invention further comprises a cooling liquid supply device;
a guide pipe is arranged in the first heat conductor, and a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the guide pipe;
the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet are respectively communicated with the outlet and the inlet of the cooling liquid supply device.
According to the soil freezing experiment device provided by the invention, the first heat conductor comprises a first heat conduction block and a first heat conduction column array which are connected;
the first heat conduction block is erected at the top of the shell, and the guide pipe is arranged inside the first heat conduction block;
the first heat conduction column array is positioned inside the shell and comprises a plurality of first heat conduction columns;
the top of the shell is provided with an opening, and the upper edge of the shell is provided with a groove;
and the soil sample sequentially passes through the gaps of the first heat-conducting column rows and the grooves to be communicated with the outside of the shell.
According to the soil freezing experiment device provided by the invention, the first heat conductor further comprises a first porous plate;
the first porous plate is arranged at the bottom of the first heat-conducting column and is in contact with the top of the soil sample;
and the soil sample is communicated with the outside of the shell through the through holes in the first porous plate, the gaps of the first heat conducting column arrays and the grooves in sequence.
According to the soil freezing experiment device provided by the invention, the first heat conduction column array is parallel to the front side plate and the rear side plate of the shell;
the clearance a between the first heat conduction column and the front side plate is less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
the clearance b between the first heat-conducting column and the rear side plate is less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
the clearance c between two adjacent first heat conduction columns is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
According to the soil freezing experimental device provided by the invention, the thickness h of the first porous plate is more than or equal to 5cm and less than or equal to 10 cm;
the diameter d of the through holes on the first porous plate is within the range of 0.5mm to 1 mm;
the range of the center distance s between two adjacent through holes on the first porous plate is (6-2d) mm and (6+2d) mm.
According to the soil freezing experimental device provided by the invention, the second heat conductor comprises a second heat conduction block, a second heat conduction column array and a second porous plate which are sequentially connected;
the bottom of the shell is provided with an opening, and the second heat conduction block is positioned at the bottom of the shell and is connected with the shell in a sealing manner;
the second column and the second perforated plate are located inside the housing, the second column comprising a plurality of second heat transfer columns;
the top of the second perforated plate is in contact with the bottom of the soil sample.
According to the soil freezing experiment device provided by the invention, the water replenishing assembly comprises a March's flask and a water replenishing pipe;
the inlet of the water replenishing pipe is communicated with the March flask;
and the outlet of the water replenishing pipe is communicated with the gap of the second heat-conducting column array.
According to the soil freezing experiment device provided by the invention, a plurality of through holes are formed in one of the front side plate or the rear side plate of the shell from top to bottom;
the through holes are positioned in the area where the soil sample is positioned and the area where the second heat-conducting column rows are positioned;
and temperature sensors are inserted into the through holes and used for measuring the temperature of the soil sample and the temperature of the moisture entering the gaps of the second heat-conducting column arrays.
The soil freezing experimental device provided by the invention further comprises a light source, wherein the light source contains ultraviolet rays;
the shell is a transparent shell;
the soil sample comprises a first pigment, and the first pigment is visible under the irradiation of the light source;
when the soil sample is frozen, the first pigment is not visible under the irradiation of the light source.
The invention provides a soil freezing experimental device, which comprises: the heat-conducting module comprises a shell, a first heat conductor, a second heat conductor and a water replenishing assembly; the shell is used for placing a soil sample and can enable the soil sample to be communicated with the outside of the shell; the first heat conductor is positioned at the top of the shell and used for cooling the soil sample at the top; the second heat conductor is positioned at the bottom of the shell and used for cooling the soil sample at the bottom; the water replenishing assembly is used for simulating groundwater replenishing at the bottom of the soil sample. The soil freezing experiment device comprises a shell, a first heat conductor, a second heat conductor and a water replenishing assembly, wherein the water replenishing assembly can simulate groundwater water replenishing at the bottom of a soil sample, the soil sample is communicated with the outside of the shell, so that the air pressure at the top of the soil sample is equal to the air pressure outside the shell, the water replenishing assembly smoothly supplements water to the unsaturated soil sample, and the process simulation of the unsaturated soil sample freezing experiment is realized; and first heat conductor and second heat conductor cool off the soil sample from the top and the bottom of soil sample respectively, compare in the refrigerated experimental apparatus in traditional bottom, and the realization that this device can be better is to the control of soil sample cooling temperature, improves temperature control's the degree of accuracy. Therefore, the soil freezing experiment device provided by the invention can improve the accuracy of soil temperature control in the unsaturated soil sample cooling experiment, and solves the problem in the field at the present stage.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a soil freezing experiment device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a soil freezing experiment apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a housing in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1: a thermostat; 2: a housing; 3: a water replenishing assembly; 4: soil sampling; 5: a light source; 6: a first heat conductor; 7: a second heat conductor; 8: a coolant inlet; 9: a coolant outlet; 10: a conduit; 11: a camera; 12: a temperature sensor; 13: a through hole;
21: a groove; 22: a front side plate; 23: a rear side plate; 24: a connecting plate;
31: a March bottle; 32: a water replenishing pipe; 33: a valve;
61: a first heat-conducting block; 62: a first column of thermally conductive columns; 63: a first perforated plate;
71: a second heat-conducting block; 72: a second column of thermally conductive columns; 73: a second perforated plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The soil freezing experimental apparatus in the present embodiment is described below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
This embodiment provides a soil freezes experimental apparatus, includes: the heat-conducting device comprises a shell 2, a first heat conductor 6, a second heat conductor 7 and a water replenishing assembly 3; the shell 2 is used for placing a soil sample 4, and the soil sample 4 can be communicated with the outside of the shell 2; the first heat conductor 6 is positioned at the top of the shell 2 and used for cooling the soil sample 4 at the top; the second heat conductor 7 is positioned at the bottom of the shell 2 and used for cooling the soil sample 4 at the bottom; the water replenishing assembly 3 is used for simulating groundwater replenishing at the bottom of the soil sample 4.
The soil freezing experiment device comprises a shell 2, a first heat conductor 6, a second heat conductor 7 and a water supplementing assembly 3, wherein the water supplementing assembly 3 can simulate groundwater water supplement at the bottom of a soil sample 4, the soil sample 4 is communicated with the outside of the shell 2, so that the air pressure at the top of the soil sample 4 is equal to the air pressure outside the shell 2, the water supplementing assembly 3 smoothly supplements water to the unsaturated soil sample 4, and the process simulation of the unsaturated soil sample 4 freezing experiment is realized; and first heat conductor 6 and second heat conductor 7 cool off soil sample 4 from the top and the bottom of soil sample 4 respectively, compare in the refrigerated experimental apparatus of traditional bottom, the realization that this device can be better is to the control of soil cooling temperature, improves the degree of accuracy of temperature control.
Therefore, the soil freezing experiment device provided by the invention can improve the accuracy of soil temperature control in the unsaturated soil sample 4 cooling experiment, and solves the problem in the field at the present stage.
The soil freezing experimental device provided by the embodiment can also comprise a cooling liquid supply device; the first heat conductor 6 is used as a medium for transferring energy, a conduit 10 can be arranged in the first heat conductor, and a cooling liquid inlet 8 and a cooling liquid outlet 9 are respectively arranged at two ends of the conduit 10; the coolant inlet 8 and the coolant outlet 9 communicate with the outlet and inlet, respectively, of a coolant supply that circulates to supply coolant to the conduit 10.
The cooling liquid supply device is used for circularly supplying cooling liquid to the guide pipe 10 in the first heat conductor 6, and then reducing the temperature of the first heat conductor 6, so that the soil sample 4 is cooled from the top of the soil sample 4, and the soil sample 4 is cooled.
Of course, in practical design, the first heat conductor 6 may also be cooled by other means, such as cooling gas, or other cooling means capable of playing a role as well.
Further, in order to increase the contact area between the conduit 10 and the first heat conductor 6, the conduit 10 may be designed to have a curved shape, see fig. 1, so as to increase the contact area between the cooling liquid and the first heat conductor 6, and further cool the first heat conductor 6.
In the soil freezing experiment device provided in this embodiment, the first heat conductor 6 may include a first heat conducting block 61 and a first heat conducting column array 62 connected to each other; wherein, the first heat-conducting block 61 is erected on the top of the housing 2, please refer to fig. 1, the conduit 10 can be arranged inside the first heat-conducting block 61, heat is transferred from bottom to top, and then cooling of the soil sample 4 is realized on the top of the soil sample 4.
Further, the first heat-conducting column array 62 may be located inside the housing 2 to reduce the dissipation of energy during the heat transfer process, so as to improve the cooling effect of the first heat-conducting body 6 on the soil sample 4.
The top of the housing 2 may be open in design, and the upper edge of the housing 2 may be provided with a groove 21; the first column 62 may include a plurality of first columns arranged side-by-side; that is, the soil sample 4 can sequentially pass through the gap of the first heat-conducting column row 62 and the groove 21 to realize the communication with the outside of the shell 2.
In one embodiment, the air on the top of the soil can sequentially flow through the gap of the first heat-conducting column array 62 and the groove 21 on the upper edge of the shell 2 to be communicated with the outside of the shell 2, so that the air pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the shell 2 is eliminated, the water replenishing component 3 can smoothly replenish the soil sample 4, the freezing process of unsaturated soil is reduced better, and the accuracy of experimental data in the simulation process is improved.
It should be noted that the "gap of the first heat conductive column row 62" mentioned in the present embodiment refers to a gap between two adjacent first heat conductive columns and a gap between the first heat conductive column and the inner wall of the housing 2. Similarly, the "gap of the second heat transfer column row 72" mentioned in the present embodiment refers to a gap between two adjacent second heat transfer columns and a gap between the second heat transfer column and the inner wall of the housing 2.
In the soil freezing experiment device provided in this embodiment, the first heat conductor 6 may further include a first porous plate 63; first perforated plate 63 can set up in the bottom of first heat conduction column row 62, and contact with the top of soil sample 4, and the efficiency of energy transfer between soil sample 4 and the first heat conductor 6 can further be improved in the setting of first perforated plate 63 to better realization is to the control of soil sample 4 cooling temperature.
In another embodiment, the air on the top of the soil can sequentially flow through the through holes on the first porous plate 63, the gaps of the first heat-conducting column arrays 62 and the grooves 21 on the upper edge of the shell 2 to be communicated with the outside of the shell 2, so that the water supplementing assembly 3 can smoothly supplement water to the soil sample 4, the freezing process of unsaturated soil can be better reduced, and the accuracy of experimental data can be improved.
In the soil freezing experiment device provided in this embodiment, the first heat-conducting columns 62 may be parallel to the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2, that is, a plurality of first heat-conducting columns may be arranged in a row parallel to the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2.
Further, the first heat-conducting column may be a cylinder, the diameter of the cylinder may be slightly smaller than the distance between the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2, and this design can improve the speed of heat transfer while ensuring that the soil sample 4 is communicated with the atmosphere, and ensure that the temperature of the first porous plate 63 can be substantially consistent with the temperature of the first heat-conducting block 61. For example, the clearance a between the first heat-conducting column and the front side plate 22 of the shell 2 is less than or equal to 0.5 mm; the clearance b between the first heat-conducting column and the rear side plate 23 is less than or equal to 0.5 mm; the clearance c between two adjacent first heat conduction columns is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
Of course, in actual design, the above parameters may be in other ranges that can perform equivalent functions.
The soil that this embodiment provided freezes experimental apparatus, can thicken and the design of through-hole miniaturation to first perforated plate 63, and then can make the gas that passes the through-hole of first perforated plate 63 can with the abundant contact of first perforated plate 63, the contact area is improved, and then the thermal transmission efficiency is improved, the air that makes first perforated plate 63 bottom is unanimous with the temperature of first perforated plate 63 self as far as, and then under the gas in soil sample 4 and the outer gas of casing 2 exist the heat exchange's the condition, the temperature of having guaranteed soil sample 4 top can be as far as with first perforated plate 63, the temperature of first heat conduction columna 62 and first heat conduction piece 61 keeps unanimously.
For example, the thickness h of the first porous plate 63 may range from 5 cm. ltoreq. h.ltoreq.10 cm; the diameter d of the through holes on the first porous plate 63 can be within the range of 0.5mm to 1 mm; the range of the center distance s between two adjacent through holes on the first porous plate 63 can be (6-2d) mm not more than s not more than (6+2d) mm.
Of course, in actual design, the above parameters may be in other ranges that can perform equivalent functions.
In the soil freezing experiment apparatus provided in this embodiment, the second heat conductor 7 may include a second heat conducting block 71, a second heat conducting column array 72, and a second porous plate 73, which are connected in sequence; the bottom of the housing 2 may be an opening, and the second heat conduction block 71 may be located at the bottom of the housing 2 and hermetically connected to the housing 2; the second heat conductive column array 72 and the second porous plate 73 may be located inside the housing 2, wherein the second heat conductive column array 72 may include a plurality of second heat conductive columns, which, referring to fig. 1, may be arranged in a row parallel to the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2; the top of the second perforated plate 73 may contact the bottom of the soil sample 4. In the experiment, the soil sample 4 is cooled at the bottom of the soil sample 4 by the combined action of the second heat conduction block 71, the second heat conduction column rows 72 and the second porous plate 73.
Further, a filter, such as filter paper, may be disposed between the second porous plate 73 and the soil sample 4, wherein the filter can allow the supplementary moisture to pass through but cannot allow the particles of the soil sample 4 to pass through, so as to prevent the soil sample 4 from falling off, and ensure the normal operation of the water replenishing assembly 3.
In the soil freezing experiment device provided by the embodiment, the water replenishing assembly 3 can comprise a mahalanobis bottle 31 and a water replenishing pipe 32; wherein, the inlet of the water replenishing pipe 32 is communicated with the March flask 31; the outlet of the water replenishing pipe 32 can be communicated with the gap of the second heat-conducting column array 72, and the water replenishing pipe 32 can be further provided with a valve 33, so that the on-off of the water replenishing pipe 32 is controlled by controlling the valve 33.
Referring to fig. 1-2, when the unsaturated soil sample 4 is subjected to a cooling experiment, the valve 33 may be opened, and water in the mahalanobis bottle 31 enters the gap of the second heat-conducting column array 72 through the water replenishing pipe 32, and then enters the bottom of the soil sample 4 through the through hole of the second porous plate 73 to be absorbed by the soil sample 4, thereby realizing groundwater replenishment simulation on the unsaturated soil sample 4.
In the soil freezing experiment device provided by the present embodiment, a plurality of through holes 13 may be formed in one of the front side plate 22 or the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2 from top to bottom, and the plurality of through holes 13 may be regularly distributed on the side wall of the housing 2; referring to fig. 2, the through-holes 13 may be located in the area where the soil sample 4 is located and in the area where the second heat-conducting column 72 is located; all the cartridges have temperature sensor 12 in each through hole 13, temperature sensor 12 is used for measuring the temperature of soil sample 4 and gets into the temperature of the moisture in second heat conduction column row 72 clearance, and then the timely temperature to the temperature of the soil sample 4 of the different degree of depth and the temperature of the moisture in second heat conduction column row 72 clearance are mastered, can obtain comparatively accurate temperature data result, make things convenient for subsequent result analysis, can also adjust the temperature of first heat conductor 6 and second heat conductor 7 as required in the experimentation.
The temperature sensor 12 can be a thermocouple, and can measure the temperature of the soil sample 4 and the moisture in real time; in actual operation, the temperature sensor 12 can be inserted into the through hole 13, and then the sealing material is used for sealing the gap between the temperature sensor 12 and the shell 2, so as to avoid the soil sample 4 and the moisture from leaking.
The housing 2 may be a cylindrical structure with a rectangular cross section, and includes a front side plate 22, a rear side plate 23, and two connecting plates 24 for connecting the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23. Since the distance between the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2 is about 5mm, the temperature measured by the temperature sensors 12 can be approximately considered to represent the temperature of the soil sample 4 with the thickness within a certain radius range, and the temperature distribution contour map of the whole soil sample 4 section can be considered to be obtained by interpolating the temperatures measured by the plurality of temperature sensors 12.
In addition, a through-hole 13 may be formed in one of the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2, and the freezing process of the soil sample 4 may be observed and photographed on the side where the through-hole 13 is not formed.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, a plurality of through holes 13 are densely distributed in one of a front side plate 22 or a rear side plate 23 of a housing 2, a thermocouple with a diameter of 0.0254mm and a probe length of 5mm is inserted into the through holes 13, temperature measurement is performed by a thermocouple array method, multipoint temperatures are obtained, influence caused by interpolation is reduced, a better temperature comparison effect is achieved in the process of analyzing the freezing tracing, distribution diagrams of frozen water and unfrozen water of soil obtained by shooting are superposed with a temperature contour diagram obtained by the densely distributed thermocouples, quantitative analysis in the process of freezing soil is achieved, and the freezing process of soil is studied.
Further, the housing 2 may be made of a double-layer quartz glass plate, which not only has a heat insulation effect, but also can transmit ultraviolet rays and visible light. For the convenience of observation, the length and the height of the shell 2 can be set according to the requirement; for example, the width of the inside of the housing 2 is about 5mm, that is, the distance between the front side plate 22 and the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2 is about 5mm, the camera 11 may be located on one side of the front side plate 22 of the housing 2, and the through-hole 13 may be located on the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2.
A filter element can be laid between the second porous plate 73 and the soil sample 4, the filter element can be filter paper, and the aperture of the filter paper is smaller than the particle size of the soil sample 4 so as to prevent the soil sample 4 from penetrating through the filter paper; i.e. the second perforated plate 73 and the filter elements allow free passage of the liquid but not of the particles of the soil.
The soil freezing experimental device is mainly designed for unsaturated soil, can be suitable for saturated soil and has a wide application range. When the water replenishing assembly is used for saturated soil, the water replenishing assembly 3 does not need to work, and the valve 33 on the water replenishing pipe 32 is closed; and the filter member on the second porous plate 73 can be replaced with a metal plate to prevent the liquid and soil from passing therethrough while ensuring the efficiency of heat transfer.
The soil freezing experiment device provided by the specific embodiment can also comprise an incubator 1, wherein the shell 2, the first heat conductor 6, the second heat conductor 7, the water supplementing assembly 3, the light source 5, the camera 11 and the like can be all located in the incubator 1, and then the external environment temperature of the shell 2 in the experiment process can be better controlled, so that the accuracy of experiment data is improved.
The second heat conductor 7 can be cooled by the incubator 1, that is, the temperature of the second heat conductor 7 is consistent with the temperature of the incubator 1; of course, in practical operation, the second heat conductor 7 may be cooled by other means.
The soil freezing experiment device provided by the specific embodiment can also comprise a light source 5, wherein the light source 5 can contain ultraviolet rays; the shell 2 can be a transparent shell 2, so that the requirement of a visual experiment can be met; the soil sample 4 may contain a first pigment which is visible under irradiation of ultraviolet rays; when the soil sample 4 is frozen, the first pigment is invisible under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays.
In one embodiment, the first pigment may be fluorescein (C) 20 H 12 O 5 ) The fluorescein is used as a common tracer agent for the freezing process, and the influence on the freezing point of water can be ignored; fluorescein can be yellow green under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays; when the water in the soil sample 4 is frozen, fluorescein precipitates as a reddish brown powder and is invisible under ultraviolet irradiation. Therefore, fluorescein (C) can be used as the pigment in the soil sample 4 20 H 12 O 5 ) The light source 5 may be a light source 5 switchable between ultraviolet light and visible light, such as iDH2000 deuterium-halogen two-in-one light source 5. When the soil sample 4 is frozen and not frozen, the fluorescein can present two states under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays, and when the soil sample 4 is frozen, the fluorescein presents an invisible state; when the soil sample 4 is not frozen, the fluorescein is yellow-green, so that the frozen state of the original water in the soil sample 4 can be visually observed.
In the soil freezing experiment device provided by the embodiment, the moisture in the mahalanobis bottle 31 may contain the second pigment, and the color of the second pigment is different from that of the first pigment under the irradiation of the light source, so as to distinguish the moisture absorbed by the soil sample 4 from the water replenishing assembly 3 and the original moisture of the soil sample 4 more intuitively.
Furthermore, the mahalanobis bottle 31 can contain water containing methylene blue, and the mahalanobis bottle 31 filled with the methylene blue is used for simulating groundwater with a certain burial depth and tracing the migration process of the groundwater to a freezing frontal surface in the freezing process. The methylene blue makes the water turn blue under the irradiation of visible light, and does not develop color after being frozen; the moisture in the marten flask 31 can enter the gap of the second heat-conducting column array 72 through the water supplementing pipe 32, and the temperature of the moisture in the gap can be controlled by the second heat-conducting column array 72; meanwhile, the second porous plate 73 is sealed with the inner wall of the housing 2 by a sealing material, and the second heat conductor 7 is also sealed with the bottom of the housing 2 by a sealing material, so as to prevent the housing 2 from leaking soil or water, and ensure the smooth operation of the experiment.
In one embodiment, the temperature of first heat conductor 6 can be controlled to-10 deg.C, the temperature of oven 1 can be controlled to 1 deg.C, the freezing process is started, and when the light source 5 is switched to ultraviolet light, under the irradiation of ultraviolet light, fluorescein (C) can be used 20 H 12 O 5 ) Tracing to obtain the distribution of the water contained in the original soil; after the freezing is started, the upper frozen part does not develop color, the yellow-green color of the freezing frontal surface deepens, and the freezing frontal surface moves from top to bottom. Meanwhile, water at the lower part of the soil can migrate from bottom to top; at the same time, the mahalanobis bottle 31 filled with methylene blue begins to replenish the soil sample 4 with water; when the light source 5 is switched to visible light, the supplemented groundwater turns blue under irradiation of visible light, and moisture containing methylene blue does not develop color after freezing. Therefore, the process of supplementing soil water with the water in the original groundwater can be obtained by tracing with methylene blue. The light source 5 is switched between ultraviolet and visible light, and the source of the frozen area, the unfrozen area and the unfrozen water can be visualized.
The soil freezing experiment device provided by the specific embodiment may further include a camera 11, where the camera 11 is used to photograph a process of the soil sample 4 freezing experiment, so as to further study the subsequent process of freezing the soil sample 4.
Referring to fig. 2, the camera 11 may be disposed on a side of the casing 2 away from the through hole 13, so as to obtain a visual image of a frozen area, an unfrozen area, a moisture content of unfrozen water, and a moisture source of the continuous and complete soil sample 4.
The method of using the soil freezing experiment device is described below, and the method of using the soil freezing experiment device described below and the device described above can be referred to correspondingly.
The use method of the soil freezing experiment device can comprise the following steps:
s1, arranging a soil sample 4 containing a first pigment in the shell 2, and simultaneously penetrating the temperature sensor 12 into the shell 2 through the through hole 13 and burying the temperature sensor in the water in the gap between the corresponding position of the soil sample 4 and the second heat-conducting column array 72;
s2, arranging a first heat conductor 6 on the top of the shell 2, arranging a guide pipe 10 in the first heat conductor 6, connecting the guide pipe 10 with a cooling liquid supply device, and cooling the soil sample 4 from the top of the soil sample 4 through the first heat conductor 6;
s3, arranging a second heat conductor 7 at the bottom of the shell 2, carrying the soil sample 4 through the second heat conductor 7 and cooling the soil sample 4 from the bottom of the soil sample 4;
s4, supplementing water to the soil sample 4 through the water supplementing assembly 3, and simulating groundwater water supplement;
s5, the case 2 is irradiated with the light source 5.
In step S1, the temperature of the soil sample 4 is monitored, a plurality of uniformly distributed through holes 13 may be provided on the rear side plate 23 of the housing 2, and temperature sensors 12, such as thermocouples, may be inserted into the through holes 13 in a one-to-one correspondence; the temperature sensors 12 form array distribution, detect temperature in real time, determine the temperature of multiple points to reduce the influence of interpolation, and provide an accurate temperature isotherm diagram of the section of the soil sample 4 during the analysis, freezing and tracing processes.
In step S2, a conduit 10 is disposed in the first heat conductor 6, two ends of the conduit 10 are a cooling liquid inlet 8 and a cooling liquid outlet 9, respectively, and the cooling liquid inlet 8 and the cooling liquid outlet 9 are connected to an outlet and an inlet of a circulating cooling liquid supply device, respectively, so as to achieve continuous cooling of the first heat conductor 6.
Moreover, the first heat conductor 6 is made of metal, and comprises a first heat conducting block 61, a first heat conducting column array 62 and a first porous plate 63 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the conduit 10 is positioned inside the first heat conducting block 61; the first thermal conductive column array 62 and the first porous plate 63 are located inside the housing 2, and the bottom of the first porous plate 63 is in close contact with the upper surface of the soil sample 4 to achieve cooling of the soil sample 4.
In step S3, the second heat conductor 7 includes a second heat conduction block 71, a second heat conduction column row 72, and a second porous plate 73 connected in this order from bottom to top; the second heat conduction block 71 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 2 and is connected with the shell 2 in a sealing manner; the second heat-conducting column array 72 comprises a plurality of second heat-conducting columns, the plurality of second heat-conducting columns are distributed on the top of the second heat-conducting block 71 and are located inside the shell 2, the second heat-conducting column array 72 is used for supporting the second porous plate 73 and simultaneously can rapidly transfer heat between the second heat-conducting block 71 and the second porous plate 73, and the second heat-conducting column array 72, the second heat-conducting block 71 and the second porous plate 73 control the temperature of the supplemented moisture flowing from the water supplementing assembly 3 together; the second porous plate 73 is disposed at the bottom of the soil sample 4, and is used for directly supporting the soil sample 4, and the temperature of the bottom of the soil sample 4 can be directly controlled by the second porous plate 73.
In step S4, the water replenishing assembly 3 includes the mahalanobis bottle 31 and the water replenishing pipe 32, the mahalanobis bottle 31 is disposed at one side of the casing 2, and the mahalanobis bottle 31 keeps the water level in the soil sample 4 constant during the water replenishing process; water containing methylene blue (the solution of methylene blue is blue under the irradiation of visible light, and does not develop color after being frozen) is filled in the Ma's bottle 31; a filter element can be laid between the second porous plate 73 and the soil sample 4, the filter element can be filter paper, and the aperture of the filter paper is smaller than the particle size of the soil sample 4 so as to prevent the soil sample 4 from penetrating through the filter paper; i.e. the second perforated plate 73 and the filter elements allow free passage of the liquid but not of the particles of the soil.
After step S5, the casing 2 is photographed by the camera 11, and the resulting distribution maps of the frozen water and unfrozen water in the soil are photographed and superimposed on the temperature contour map obtained by the densely arranged temperature sensors 12, so that the freezing process is quantitatively analyzed.
In one embodiment, the temperature of the first heat conductor 6 can be controlled to-10 deg.C, the temperature of the incubator 1 can be controlled to 1 deg.C, the freezing process is started, and the light source 5 can be switched to ultraviolet light under irradiation of the ultraviolet light by using fluorescein (C) 20 H 12 O 5 ) Tracing to obtain the distribution of the water contained in the original soil; after the freezing is started, the upper frozen part does not develop color, the yellow-green color of the freezing frontal surface deepens, and the freezing frontal surface moves from top to bottom. Meanwhile, water at the lower part of the soil can migrate from bottom to top; at the same time, the mahalanobis bottle 31 containing methylene blue begins to replenish the soil sample 4; when the light source 5 is switched to visible light, the supplemented groundwater turns blue under visible light irradiation, and the water containing methylene blue does not develop color after freezing. Thus, it may be prepared from methyleneAnd (5) tracing by using the base blue to obtain the process of supplementing the soil water with the water in the original underground water. The light source 5 is switched between ultraviolet rays and visible light, and the frozen area, the unfrozen area, the water content of unfrozen water and the water source can be visualized.
The soil sample 4 may be saline soil or non-saline soil; the groundwater in the replenishing assembly 3 may be saline groundwater or may be saline-free groundwater.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A soil freezes experimental apparatus, characterized in that includes: the heat-conducting device comprises a shell (2), a first heat-conducting body (6), a second heat-conducting body (7) and a water replenishing assembly (3);
the shell (2) is used for placing a soil sample (4), and the soil sample (4) can be communicated with the outside of the shell (2);
the first heat conductor (6) is positioned at the top of the shell (2) and is used for cooling the soil sample (4) at the top;
the second heat conductor (7) is positioned at the bottom of the shell (2) and used for cooling the soil sample (4) at the bottom;
and the water replenishing assembly (3) is used for simulating groundwater replenishment at the bottom of the soil sample (4).
2. The soil freezing experiment device of claim 1, further comprising a coolant supply device;
a guide pipe (10) is arranged inside the first heat conductor (6), and a cooling liquid inlet (8) and a cooling liquid outlet (9) are respectively formed in two ends of the guide pipe (10);
the cooling liquid inlet (8) and the cooling liquid outlet (9) are respectively communicated with an outlet and an inlet of the cooling liquid supply device.
3. The soil freezing experiment device according to claim 2, wherein the first heat conductor (6) comprises a first heat conducting block (61) and a first heat conducting column array (62) which are connected;
the first heat-conducting block (61) is erected at the top of the shell (2), and the conduit (10) is arranged inside the first heat-conducting block (61);
the first heat-conducting column array (62) is positioned inside the shell (2) and comprises a plurality of first heat-conducting columns;
the top of the shell (2) is provided with an opening, and the upper edge of the shell (2) is provided with a groove (21);
the soil sample (4) is communicated with the outside of the shell (2) sequentially through the gaps of the first heat-conducting column arrays (62) and the grooves (21).
4. The soil freezing experiment device according to claim 3, wherein the first heat conductor (6) further comprises a first porous plate (63);
the first porous plate (63) is arranged at the bottom of the first heat conduction column array (62) and is in contact with the top of the soil sample (4);
and the soil sample (4) is communicated with the outside of the shell (2) sequentially through the through holes in the first porous plate (63), the gaps of the first heat-conducting column arrays (62) and the grooves (21).
5. A soil freezing experiment device according to claim 3, wherein the first column (62) is parallel to the front (22) and rear (23) side panels of the housing (2);
the clearance a between the first heat-conducting column and the front side plate (22) is less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
the clearance b between the first heat-conducting column and the rear side plate (23) is less than or equal to 0.5 mm;
the clearance c between two adjacent first heat conduction columns is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.
6. The soil freezing experiment device according to claim 4, wherein the thickness h of the first porous plate (63) ranges from 5cm to 10 cm;
the diameter d of the through holes on the first porous plate (63) is more than or equal to 0.5mm and less than or equal to 1 mm;
the range of the center distance s between two adjacent through holes on the first porous plate (63) is (6-2d) mm and (6+2d) mm.
7. The soil freezing experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the second heat conductor (7) comprises a second heat conducting block (71), a second heat conducting column array (72) and a second porous plate (73) which are connected in sequence;
the bottom of the shell (2) is provided with an opening, and the second heat-conducting block (71) is positioned at the bottom of the shell (2) and is hermetically connected with the shell (2);
the second row of heat-conducting columns (72) and the second perforated plate (73) are located inside the housing (2), the second row of heat-conducting columns (72) comprising a plurality of second heat-conducting columns;
the top of the second perforated plate (73) is in contact with the bottom of the soil sample (4).
8. Soil freezing experiment device according to claim 7, wherein the water replenishing assembly (3) comprises a Marshall bottle (31) and a water replenishing pipe (32);
the inlet of the water replenishing pipe (32) is communicated with the March flask (31);
the outlet of the water replenishing pipe (32) is communicated with the gap of the second heat-conducting column array (72).
9. The soil freezing experiment device according to the claim 8, characterized in that one of the front side plate (22) or the back side plate (23) of the shell (2) is provided with a plurality of through holes (13) from top to bottom;
the through holes (13) are positioned in the area where the soil sample (4) is positioned and in the area where the second heat-conducting column rows (72) are positioned;
and a temperature sensor (12) is inserted into each through hole (13), and the temperature sensor (12) is used for measuring the temperature of the soil sample (4) and the temperature of the moisture entering the gap of the second heat-conducting column array (72).
10. The soil freezing experiment device of claim 1, further comprising a light source (5), wherein the light source (5) comprises ultraviolet light;
the shell (2) is a transparent shell (2);
the soil sample (4) contains a first pigment which is visible under the irradiation of the light source;
when the soil sample (4) is frozen, the first pigment is not visible under the irradiation of the light source.
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| CN115754248A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-07 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Diving-soil moisture movement tracing experimental device and method under freezing condition based on radon isotope |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115754248A (en) * | 2022-12-09 | 2023-03-07 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Diving-soil moisture movement tracing experimental device and method under freezing condition based on radon isotope |
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