CN114563441B - Visualization device and method for soil freezing experiment - Google Patents
Visualization device and method for soil freezing experiment Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000002470 thermal conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007794 visualization technique Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 79
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 11
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorescein Chemical compound O1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C21C1=CC=C(O)C=C1OC1=CC(O)=CC=C21 GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/14—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by using distillation, extraction, sublimation, condensation, freezing, or crystallisation
- G01N25/145—Accessories, e.g. cooling devices
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Abstract
本发明涉及土壤实验装置技术领域，提供一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置及方法，装置位于恒温箱内，包括设置有第一颜料的土样的可视化壳体；温度测量传感器，由可视化壳体侧壁穿入并埋于土样中；第一导热体，设置于可视化壳体的顶部，且其内设与冷却液供给装置相连通的导管；补水组件，与土样的底部相连通；第二导热体，设置于可视化壳体的底部；光源，用于对可视化壳体进行照射。本发明提供的土壤冻结实验的可视化装置及方法，通过第二导热体对土样的底部温度进行控制，通过第一导热体对土样顶部的温度进行控制，通过温度测量传感器测量土样温度，能够实现实验结果的定量化；同时，补水组件对土样进行补水，模拟地下水补水非饱和土壤的冻结过程。
The invention relates to the technical field of soil experiment devices and provides a visualization device and method for soil freezing experiments. The device is located in a constant temperature box and includes a visualization shell provided with a soil sample of a first pigment; a temperature measurement sensor is provided on the side of the visualization shell The wall penetrates and is buried in the soil sample; the first thermal conductor is arranged on the top of the visualization shell, and has a conduit connected with the cooling liquid supply device; the water supply component is connected with the bottom of the soil sample; the second thermal conductor is connected with the bottom of the soil sample. The thermal conductor is arranged at the bottom of the visualization shell; the light source is used to illuminate the visualization shell. The visualization device and method for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention control the bottom temperature of the soil sample through the second thermal conductor, control the temperature at the top of the soil sample through the first thermal conductor, and measure the soil sample temperature through a temperature measurement sensor. It can realize the quantification of experimental results; at the same time, the water supply component replenishes water to the soil sample, simulating the freezing process of groundwater replenishing unsaturated soil.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及土壤实验装置技术领域，尤其涉及一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of soil experiment devices, and in particular to a visualization device and method for soil freezing experiments.
背景技术Background technique
土壤冻结指的是在中、高纬度地区的冬季，土壤温度降低到0℃以下时，土壤中的水分冻结成冰，固定了土粒，使土壤冻结成坚硬状态。土壤冻结的深度，与当地的气候条件、地势、土壤结构、土壤湿度、地表积雪厚度以及秸秆覆盖量有关。Soil freezing means that in winter in mid- and high-latitude areas, when the soil temperature drops below 0°C, the water in the soil freezes into ice, fixing the soil particles and freezing the soil into a hard state. The depth of soil freezing is related to local climate conditions, topography, soil structure, soil moisture, surface snow thickness and straw coverage.
现有技术中，对土壤冻结过程进行可视化实验时，只针对饱和土壤进行冻结实验，且对饱和土壤进行温度控制时，是将底部导热体直接浸泡在冷却液中。但在温度传导的过程中，会伴随着较大的温度损失，从而导致温度控制不准确，实验结果难以定量。In the existing technology, when performing a visual experiment on the soil freezing process, only the saturated soil is subjected to the freezing experiment, and when the temperature of the saturated soil is controlled, the bottom thermal conductor is directly immersed in the cooling liquid. However, during the temperature conduction process, it will be accompanied by a large temperature loss, resulting in inaccurate temperature control and difficult to quantify the experimental results.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，用以解决现有技术中对土壤冻结实验中温度控制和测量不准确的缺陷，实现实验结果的定量化，并且可以模拟非饱和土壤冻结过程中地下水对土壤水的补充。The invention provides a visualization device for soil freezing experiments, which is used to solve the defects of inaccurate temperature control and measurement in soil freezing experiments in the prior art, realize the quantification of experimental results, and can simulate groundwater in the process of unsaturated soil freezing. Replenish soil water.
本发明提供一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，设置于恒温箱内，包括：The invention provides a visualization device for soil freezing experiments, which is arranged in a constant temperature box and includes:
可视化壳体，上下开口，内部设置有含第一颜料的土样；The visualization shell has upper and lower openings, and a soil sample containing the first pigment is arranged inside;
温度测量传感器，由所述可视化壳体侧壁的贯穿孔穿入，并埋于所述土样中；A temperature measurement sensor is penetrated through the through hole in the side wall of the visualization housing and buried in the soil sample;
第一导热体，设置于所述可视化壳体的顶部，且所述第一导热体内设导管，且所述导管用于与冷却液供给装置相连通；A first heat conductor is arranged on the top of the visualization housing, and a conduit is provided in the first heat conductor, and the conduit is used to communicate with the cooling liquid supply device;
第二导热体，用于承载所述土样并控制所述土样的底部温度；a second thermal conductor, used to carry the soil sample and control the bottom temperature of the soil sample;
补水组件，与所述土样的底部相连通，用于模拟地下水补水；A water replenishment component is connected to the bottom of the soil sample and is used to simulate groundwater replenishment;
光源，用于对可视化壳体进行照射。Light source, used to illuminate the visualization shell.
根据本发明提供的一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，According to a visualization device for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention,
所述第一导热体设置为T型金属块，包括：The first thermal conductor is configured as a T-shaped metal block, including:
水平部，设置有冷却液进口和冷却液出口，且内部设置所述导管；所述导管的一端与所述冷却液进口连通，另一端与所述冷却液出口连通；The horizontal part is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet, and the conduit is provided inside; one end of the conduit is connected to the cooling liquid inlet, and the other end is connected to the cooling liquid outlet;
竖直部，设置于所述水平部的底部，且插入所述可视化壳体内部，并且所述竖直部与所述土样紧密接触。The vertical part is arranged at the bottom of the horizontal part and inserted into the visualization housing, and the vertical part is in close contact with the soil sample.
根据本发明提供的一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，According to a visualization device for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention,
所述第二导热体包括：The second thermal conductor includes:
导热块，设置于所述可视化壳体的底部；A thermal conductive block, arranged at the bottom of the visualization housing;
导热柱，具有多个，且多个所述导热柱分布于所述导热块的顶部；并且位于所述可视化壳体的内部；There are multiple thermal conductive columns, and the plurality of thermal conductive columns are distributed on the top of the thermal conductive block; and located inside the visualization shell;
多孔板，设置于所述导热柱的顶部，用于承载所述土样。A porous plate is arranged on the top of the thermal conductive column and used to carry the soil sample.
根据本发明提供的一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，所述导管呈曲折蜿蜒状。According to the visualization device for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention, the conduit is in a meandering shape.
根据本发明提供的一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，所述补水组件包括：According to a visualization device for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention, the water replenishing component includes:
马氏瓶，设置于所述可视化壳体的一侧；A Markovian bottle, arranged on one side of the visualization housing;
水槽，设置于所述多孔板的底部，且与所述马氏瓶相连通；并且所述导热柱位于所述水槽内。A water tank is provided at the bottom of the porous plate and is connected with the Markov jar; and the thermal conductive column is located in the water tank.
根据本发明提供的一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，所述马氏瓶内装有含第二颜料的水分，且所述第二颜料与所述第一颜料的颜色不同。According to a visualization device for a soil freezing experiment provided by the present invention, the Markovian bottle contains water containing a second pigment, and the second pigment has a different color from the first pigment.
根据本发明提供的一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，所述可视化壳体的侧壁上均匀设置有多个贯穿孔，所述温度测量传感器一一对应由所述贯穿孔穿入，并埋于土样中。According to a visualization device for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention, a plurality of through holes are evenly provided on the side wall of the visualization housing, and the temperature measurement sensors penetrate through the through holes in one-to-one correspondence and are buried in the in soil sample.
根据本发明提供的一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，所述可视化壳体采用透明双层石英玻璃板，用于绝热，且可透过紫外线和可见光。According to a visualization device for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention, the visualization shell adopts a transparent double-layer quartz glass plate for heat insulation and can transmit ultraviolet and visible light.
根据本发明提供的一种土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，还包括用于拍摄土样冻结过程的摄像机，所述摄像机设置于所述可视化壳体的远离所述贯穿孔的一侧。According to a visualization device for a soil freezing experiment provided by the present invention, it also includes a camera for photographing the freezing process of the soil sample, and the camera is arranged on a side of the visualization housing away from the through hole.
本发明还提供一种非饱和土壤冻结实验的可视化方法，利用上述的土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，包括步骤：The present invention also provides a visualization method for an unsaturated soil freezing experiment, which utilizes the above-mentioned visualization device for a soil freezing experiment and includes the steps:
在可视化壳体内部设置含第一颜料的土样；A soil sample containing the first pigment is arranged inside the visualization shell;
温度测量传感器，由所述可视化壳体侧壁穿入，并埋于所述土样中；A temperature measurement sensor penetrates through the side wall of the visualization housing and is buried in the soil sample;
在可视化壳体的顶部设置第一导热体，在第一导热体内设置有导管，并将所述导管接通冷却液供给装置，通过第一导热体对土样进行冷却；A first thermal conductor is arranged on the top of the visualization shell, a conduit is provided in the first thermal conductor, and the conduit is connected to the cooling liquid supply device, and the soil sample is cooled through the first thermal conductor;
在可视化壳体的底部设置第二导热体，通过所述第二导热体对土样进行承载并控制所述土样的底部温度；A second thermal conductor is provided at the bottom of the visualization shell, and the second thermal conductor is used to carry the soil sample and control the bottom temperature of the soil sample;
通过补水组件对土样进行补水，模拟地下水补水；Replenish water to the soil sample through the water replenishment component to simulate groundwater replenishment;
通过光源对可视化壳体进行照射。The visualization shell is illuminated by a light source.
本发明提供的土壤冻结实验的可视化装置及方法，通过恒温箱和第二导热体对土样的底部温度进行控制，在密闭容器中，热量交换相对较少，温度控制更为准确；通过温度测量传感器对土样温度进行测量；土样顶部的温度通过第一导热体进行控制，通过冷却液供给装置可以进行精准控制和实时监测；能够实现实验结果的定量化；同时，补水组件对土样进行补水，模拟地下水补水，从而实现模拟非饱和土壤的冻结过程。The visualization device and method for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention control the bottom temperature of the soil sample through a constant temperature box and a second thermal conductor. In a closed container, heat exchange is relatively small and the temperature control is more accurate; through temperature measurement The sensor measures the temperature of the soil sample; the temperature at the top of the soil sample is controlled through the first thermal conductor, and precise control and real-time monitoring can be carried out through the coolant supply device; the experimental results can be quantified; at the same time, the water replenishment component performs the on-site inspection on the soil sample. Water replenishment simulates groundwater replenishment, thereby simulating the freezing process of unsaturated soil.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are of the present invention. For some embodiments of the invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.
图1是本发明提供的土壤冻结实验的可视化装置的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a visualization device for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的土壤冻结实验的可视化装置的侧视图；Figure 2 is a side view of the visualization device for soil freezing experiments provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供非饱和土壤冻结实验的可视化方法的流程图。Figure 3 is a flow chart of the visualization method of the unsaturated soil freezing experiment provided by the present invention.
附图标记：Reference signs:
1：恒温箱；2：可视化壳体；3：补水组件；4：土样；5：光源；6：第一导热体；61：水平部；62：竖直部；7；第二导热体；71：导热块；72：导热柱；73：多孔板；8：冷却液进口；9：冷却液出口；10：导管；11：摄像机；12：温度测量传感器；13：贯穿孔；31：马氏瓶；32：水槽。1: Thermostat; 2: Visual shell; 3: Water supply component; 4: Soil sample; 5: Light source; 6: First thermal conductor; 61: Horizontal part; 62: Vertical part; 7; Second thermal conductor; 71: Thermal conductive block; 72: Thermal conductive column; 73: Porous plate; 8: Coolant inlet; 9: Coolant outlet; 10: Conduit; 11: Camera; 12: Temperature measurement sensor; 13: Through hole; 31: Martens Bottle; 32: sink.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明中的附图，对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention. , not all examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
下面结合图1-图2描述本发明的土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，设置于恒温箱1内，包括可视化壳体2、第一导热体6、第二导热体7、补水组件3和光源5，恒温箱1用于给可视化装置提供恒温的环境，在密闭仪器中，热量交换相对较少，对土样底部和地下水的温度控制更加准确，主要用于模拟地下温度；可视化则指的是其本身材质为透明的，能够自其外侧观察到其内部。而可视化壳体2指的是内部具有储存容量空间，能够盛放土样4。可视化壳体2为上下开口的长方体，便于第一导热体6和第二导热体7对土样4进行冷却，可视化壳体2的内部设置有含第一颜料的土样4；光源5用于对可视化壳体2进行照射。The visualization device of the soil freezing experiment of the present invention is described below with reference to Figures 1 and 2. It is installed in the thermostatic box 1 and includes a visualization shell 2, a first thermal conductor 6, a second thermal conductor 7, a water supply component 3 and a light source 5. The thermostat 1 is used to provide a constant temperature environment for the visualization device. In a closed instrument, heat exchange is relatively small, and the temperature control of the bottom of the soil sample and groundwater is more accurate. It is mainly used to simulate underground temperature; visualization refers to itself. The material is transparent and the inside can be viewed from the outside. The visualization shell 2 refers to an internal storage capacity space capable of holding soil samples 4 . The visualization shell 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped with upper and lower openings, which facilitates the first thermal conductor 6 and the second thermal conductor 7 to cool the soil sample 4. The soil sample 4 containing the first pigment is provided inside the visualization shell 2; the light source 5 is used for The visualization shell 2 is illuminated.
荧光素(C20H12O5)作为一种常用的冻结过程示踪剂，对水的冰点影响可以忽略不计，在紫外线光源的照射下，会呈现黄绿色。若土样4中的水被冻结，荧光素会析出成红棕色粉末，在紫外线照射下不可见。因此，土样中的颜料可以使用荧光素(C20H12O5)，光源可以使用紫外线和可见光可切换的光源，例如iDH2000氘卤二合一光源。As a commonly used tracer of the freezing process, fluorescein (C 20 H 12 O 5 ) has a negligible effect on the freezing point of water. It will appear yellow-green under the irradiation of an ultraviolet light source. If the water in soil sample 4 is frozen, fluorescein will precipitate into a reddish-brown powder, which is invisible under ultraviolet irradiation. Therefore, the pigment in the soil sample can use fluorescein (C 20 H 12 O 5 ), and the light source can use a light source that can switch between ultraviolet and visible light, such as the iDH2000 deuterium-halogen two-in-one light source.
如图1所示，第一导热体6设置于可视化壳体2的顶部，通过对第一导热体6的冷却来模拟土样的冻结过程(在实际土壤冻结时，也是由土壤表层向土壤深处进行冻结)。第一导热体6设置于可视化壳体2的顶部，且第一导热体6内设导管10，且导管10用于与外界的冷却液供给装置相连通，并且第一导热体6伸入可视化壳体2内部，与土样4顶部紧密接触。导管10的设置，在隔离冷却液供给装置和土样4避免接触的同时，还可以更好地传递温度，冷却液供给装置的温度可以进行精准控制和实时监测。补水组件3与土样4的底部相连通，用于对不饱和土壤进行地下水补水。As shown in Figure 1, the first thermal conductor 6 is arranged on the top of the visualization shell 2, and the freezing process of the soil sample is simulated by cooling the first thermal conductor 6 (when the actual soil freezes, it also moves from the soil surface to the soil depth. frozen). The first thermal conductor 6 is disposed on the top of the visualization shell 2, and a conduit 10 is installed inside the first thermal conductor 6, and the conduit 10 is used to communicate with the external cooling liquid supply device, and the first thermal conductor 6 extends into the visualization shell. Inside the body 2, it is in close contact with the top of the soil sample 4. The setting of the conduit 10 not only isolates the coolant supply device and the soil sample 4 to avoid contact, but also can better transmit the temperature. The temperature of the coolant supply device can be accurately controlled and monitored in real time. The water replenishing component 3 is connected with the bottom of the soil sample 4 and is used to replenish the unsaturated soil with groundwater.
第二导热体7用于承载土样并控制土样底部和地下水的温度；补水组件3与土样4的底部的水槽相连通，用于模拟地下水补水；光源5用于对可视化壳体进行照射。The second thermal conductor 7 is used to carry the soil sample and control the temperature of the bottom of the soil sample and groundwater; the water replenishment component 3 is connected with the water tank at the bottom of the soil sample 4 and is used to simulate groundwater replenishment; the light source 5 is used to illuminate the visualization shell .
本发明实施例公开的土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，通过恒温箱1和第二导热体7对土样的底部温度进行控制，在密闭容器中，热量交换相对较少，温度控制更为准确；土样顶部的温度通过第一导热体6进行控制，通过冷却液供给装置可以进行精准控制和实时监测；加之土样4中均匀密布的温度测量传感器12，能够实现实验结果的定量化；同时，补水组件3对土样进行补水，模拟地下水补水，从而实现模拟非饱和土壤的冻结过程。The visualization device of the soil freezing experiment disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention controls the bottom temperature of the soil sample through the thermostatic box 1 and the second thermal conductor 7. In the closed container, the heat exchange is relatively small and the temperature control is more accurate; soil The temperature at the top of the sample is controlled through the first thermal conductor 6, and can be accurately controlled and monitored in real time through the coolant supply device; coupled with the evenly distributed temperature measurement sensors 12 in the soil sample 4, the experimental results can be quantified; at the same time, water replenishment Component 3 replenishes soil samples and simulates groundwater replenishment, thereby simulating the freezing process of unsaturated soil.
具体地，第一导热体6可以采用T型导热性能好且耐腐蚀的金属块，例如不锈钢，T型金属块包括水平部61和竖直部62，水平部61上设置有冷却液进口8和冷却液出口9，且内部设置导管10；导管10的一端与冷却液进口8连通，另一端与冷却液出口9连通；竖直部62设置于水平部61的底部，且插入可视化壳体2内部，并且竖直部62与土样4紧密接触；对土样4实现冷却。冷却液供给装置可以为外部装置，用于向导管10内供给循环冷却液。Specifically, the first heat conductor 6 can be a T-shaped metal block with good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, such as stainless steel. The T-shaped metal block includes a horizontal part 61 and a vertical part 62. The horizontal part 61 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet 8 and a Coolant outlet 9, and a conduit 10 is provided inside; one end of the conduit 10 is connected with the coolant inlet 8, and the other end is connected with the coolant outlet 9; the vertical part 62 is provided at the bottom of the horizontal part 61, and is inserted into the inside of the visualization housing 2 , and the vertical part 62 is in close contact with the soil sample 4; the soil sample 4 is cooled. The cooling liquid supply device may be an external device for supplying circulating cooling liquid into the conduit 10 .
本发明提供的土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，通过第一导热体作为一个传递温度的中介，将循环通入的精准控温的冷却液的温度迅速传递到土样4的顶部，对土样4的顶部实现冷却，有效地进行温度传递，在隔离冷却液供给装置和土样4进行接触的同时，还可以更好地控制温度，冷却液的温度可以进行精准控制和实时监测。The visualization device for the soil freezing experiment provided by the present invention uses the first thermal conductor as an intermediary to transfer temperature, and quickly transfers the temperature of the circulated and precisely controlled cooling liquid to the top of the soil sample 4, thereby affecting the temperature of the soil sample 4. The top realizes cooling and effectively transmits temperature. While isolating the contact between the coolant supply device and the soil sample 4, it can also better control the temperature. The temperature of the coolant can be accurately controlled and monitored in real time.
在本发明的实施例中，第二导热体7包括：导热块71、导热柱72和多孔板73；导热块71设置于可视化壳体2的底部；导热柱72具有多个，且多个导热柱72分布于导热块71的顶部；并且位于可视化壳体2的内部；多孔板73设置于导热柱72的顶部，同时设置于土样4的底部，多孔板73用于承载土样4。In the embodiment of the present invention, the second thermal conductor 7 includes: a thermal conductive block 71, a thermal conductive column 72 and a porous plate 73; the thermal conductive block 71 is provided at the bottom of the visualization shell 2; there are multiple thermal conductive columns 72, and the plurality of thermal conductive columns 72 are The columns 72 are distributed on the top of the thermal conductive block 71 and are located inside the visualization housing 2; the porous plate 73 is disposed on the top of the thermal conductive column 72 and at the bottom of the soil sample 4. The porous plate 73 is used to carry the soil sample 4.
其中，导热块71、导热柱72和多孔板73可以均采用导热性能较好且耐腐蚀的金属材质，例如不锈钢。多孔板73用于承托土样，还包括铺设于多孔板73靠近土样4一侧的过滤件，过滤件可以是滤纸，滤纸的孔径要小于土样4的粒径，以避免土样4落入水槽内；即多孔板73和过滤件液体可以自由通过，土样颗粒无法通过。Among them, the thermal conductive block 71 , the thermal conductive column 72 and the porous plate 73 can all be made of metal materials with good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, such as stainless steel. The porous plate 73 is used to support the soil sample, and also includes a filter element laid on the side of the porous plate 73 close to the soil sample 4. The filter element can be filter paper, and the pore size of the filter paper should be smaller than the particle size of the soil sample 4 to avoid the soil sample 4. Fall into the water tank; that is, the porous plate 73 and the filter member liquid can pass through freely, but the soil sample particles cannot pass through.
如图2所示，在本发明的实施例中，第一导热体6的内部设置的导管10呈曲折蜿蜒状，可以增加第二导热体6和冷却液的接触面积，更好地控制温度，达到更佳的冷却效果。As shown in Figure 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the conduit 10 provided inside the first heat conductor 6 is in a meandering shape, which can increase the contact area between the second heat conductor 6 and the cooling liquid and better control the temperature. , to achieve better cooling effect.
如图1所示，在本发明的实施例中，补水组件3包括马氏瓶31、水槽32，马氏瓶31设置于可视化壳体2的一侧，马氏瓶31的作用在于补水过程中保持土样4中的水位恒定，模拟一定埋深的地下水；在马氏瓶31内装的含第二颜料的水分，第二颜料与第一颜料的颜色不同；此处，第二颜料可以是含亚甲基蓝的水分(可见光照射下溶液呈蓝色，被冻结后不显色)；水槽32设置于多孔板73的底部，且水槽32与马氏瓶31相连通；导热柱72位于水槽32内；导热柱72可以对水槽32内水的温度进行控制；同时，多孔板73与可视化壳体2内壁接触的部分以及导热块71与可视化壳体2下端接触的部分通过密封材料密封，防止漏土漏水。用装有亚甲基蓝的马氏瓶31接入系统模拟一定埋深的地下水，用于冻结过程中的地下水向冻结锋面运移过程的示踪。As shown in Figure 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the water replenishment component 3 includes a Markov's bottle 31 and a water tank 32. The Markov's bottle 31 is provided on one side of the visualization housing 2. The role of the Markov's bottle 31 is in the process of replenishing water. Keep the water level in soil sample 4 constant to simulate groundwater with a certain burial depth; the water containing the second pigment contained in the Markovian bottle 31 has a different color from the second pigment; here, the second pigment can be The moisture of methylene blue (the solution appears blue under visible light irradiation and does not develop color after being frozen); the water tank 32 is provided at the bottom of the porous plate 73, and the water tank 32 is connected to the Markovian bottle 31; the thermal conductive column 72 is located in the water tank 32; heat conduction The column 72 can control the temperature of the water in the water tank 32; at the same time, the part where the porous plate 73 contacts the inner wall of the visualization housing 2 and the part where the heat conduction block 71 contacts the lower end of the visualization housing 2 are sealed by sealing materials to prevent soil leakage and water leakage. A Markovian bottle 31 filled with methylene blue was connected to the system to simulate groundwater at a certain depth, which was used to trace the migration process of groundwater to the freezing front during the freezing process.
控制第一导热体6的温度为-10℃，恒温箱的温度为1℃，冻结过程开始。将光源5切换为紫外线时，在其照射下，可以由荧光素(C20H12O5)示踪得到原来土壤中所含的水分的分布，即初始时整体呈均匀的黄绿色，开始冻结后，上部冻结的部分不显色，冻结锋面的黄绿色加深，冻结锋面会自上而下移动。同时土壤下部的水分会自下而上迁移，与此同时，装有亚甲基蓝的马氏瓶31开始为土样补水，将光源5切换为可见光，在其照射下，补充的地下水在可见光照射下为蓝色，含有亚甲基蓝的水分被冻结后也不显色。这样，可以由亚甲基蓝示踪得到原来地下水中的水分补充土壤水的过程。光源5在紫外线和可见光之间切换，冻结区、未冻结区和未冻水来源都能可视化。The temperature of the first thermal conductor 6 is controlled to -10°C, the temperature of the thermostatic box is controlled to 1°C, and the freezing process begins. When the light source 5 is switched to ultraviolet light, under its irradiation, the distribution of water contained in the original soil can be traced by fluorescein (C 20 H 12 O 5 ). That is, the entire soil is uniformly yellow-green initially and begins to freeze. Finally, the upper frozen part does not show color, the yellow-green color of the freezing front deepens, and the freezing front moves from top to bottom. At the same time, the water in the lower part of the soil will migrate from bottom to top. At the same time, the Markovian bottle 31 containing methylene blue begins to replenish the soil sample, and the light source 5 is switched to visible light. Under its irradiation, the supplemented groundwater is irradiated by visible light. Blue, water containing methylene blue does not develop color even after being frozen. In this way, the process of replenishing soil water with water in the original groundwater can be traced by methylene blue. Light source 5 switches between ultraviolet and visible light, and frozen areas, unfrozen areas and unfrozen water sources can all be visualized.
补水组件3的设置，可以将冻结过程可视化和研究冻结过程中的水盐运移问题，通过不同状态下颜色变化的鲜明对比，将冻结过程可视化，同时实现冻结区、未冻结区和未冻水来源的可视化。The setting of the water replenishment component 3 can visualize the freezing process and study the water and salt migration problems during the freezing process. Through the sharp contrast of color changes in different states, the freezing process can be visualized and the frozen area, unfrozen area and unfrozen water can be realized at the same time. Visualization of sources.
在本发明的实施例中，还包括摄像机11，摄像机11设置于可视化壳体2的一侧，用于对冻结过程进行拍摄。可视化壳体2的一个侧壁穿入多个温度测量传感器12，例如热电偶，能够实时测量温度。可以在可视化壳体2的该侧壁上设置多个贯穿孔13，将温度测量传感器12一一对应插入贯穿孔埋于土样4中，再用密封材料将温度测量传感器12的导线和贯穿孔13之间的缝隙密封，以防土样4外漏。由于可视化壳体2的前后两平行板之间的距离约5mm，近似认为温度测量传感器12测得的温度能代表此厚度的土样一定半径范围内的温度，通过多个温度测量传感器12测得的温度进行插值，可以认为得到了整个土样剖面的温度分布等值线图。需要说明的是，仅在可视化壳体2的一个侧壁上设置贯穿孔穿入温度测量传感器的目的在于，另一侧壁便于观察冻结的过程。In the embodiment of the present invention, a camera 11 is also included. The camera 11 is disposed on one side of the visualization housing 2 for photographing the freezing process. One side wall of the visualization housing 2 penetrates a plurality of temperature measurement sensors 12, such as thermocouples, to enable real-time temperature measurement. A plurality of through holes 13 can be provided on the side wall of the visualization housing 2, and the temperature measurement sensors 12 can be inserted into the through holes one by one and buried in the soil sample 4, and then the wires and through holes of the temperature measurement sensors 12 can be sealed with sealing material. The gaps between 13 are sealed to prevent the soil sample 4 from leaking. Since the distance between the front and rear parallel plates of the visualization housing 2 is about 5mm, it is approximately considered that the temperature measured by the temperature measurement sensor 12 can represent the temperature within a certain radius of the soil sample of this thickness, measured by multiple temperature measurement sensors 12 By interpolating the temperature, it can be considered that the temperature distribution contour map of the entire soil sample profile is obtained. It should be noted that the purpose of arranging the through-hole penetration temperature measurement sensor on only one side wall of the visualization housing 2 is to facilitate observation of the freezing process on the other side wall.
具体地，通过可视化壳体2的侧壁上密布的贯穿孔穿入直径0.0254mm、探头长5mm的热电偶并埋于土样中，以热电偶阵列的方法测量温度，通过若干热电偶的温度测量，确定多点的温度，降低插值带来的影响，在分析冻结示踪过程时有较好的温度比较效果，并将拍摄得到的土壤冻结水和未冻水的分布图，与密布的热电偶得到的温度等值线图叠加，进行冻结过程中的量化分析。Specifically, a thermocouple with a diameter of 0.0254 mm and a probe length of 5 mm is inserted into the densely distributed through holes on the side wall of the visualization shell 2 and buried in the soil sample, and the temperature is measured using a thermocouple array method. Through the temperature of several thermocouples Measure and determine the temperature at multiple points, reduce the impact of interpolation, have a better temperature comparison effect when analyzing the freezing tracing process, and compare the distribution map of frozen water and unfrozen water in the soil with the dense thermoelectric The obtained temperature contour maps are superimposed to conduct quantitative analysis during the freezing process.
其中，可视化壳体2由双层石英玻璃板制成，用于绝热，可透过紫外线和可见光，且为上下通透的长方体壳体。为了便于观察，可视化壳体2长度和高度可根据需求自行设定，而内部宽度约为5mm，即，可视化壳体2的前侧板和后侧板之间距离约为5mm，摄像机11位于可视化壳体2的前侧板的一侧；用于穿入温度测量传感器12的贯穿孔13位于可视化壳体2的后侧板上。Among them, the visualization shell 2 is made of a double-layer quartz glass plate, which is used for heat insulation, can transmit ultraviolet and visible light, and is a rectangular parallelepiped shell that is transparent from top to bottom. In order to facilitate observation, the length and height of the visualization housing 2 can be set according to the needs, and the internal width is about 5mm, that is, the distance between the front side plate and the rear side plate of the visualization housing 2 is about 5mm, and the camera 11 is located in the visualization housing 2. On one side of the front side panel of the housing 2; the through hole 13 for penetrating the temperature measurement sensor 12 is located on the rear side panel of the visualization housing 2.
其中，土样4主要针对非饱和土壤，同时也适用于饱和土壤，应用范围较广。当用于饱和土壤时，则补水组件3无需补水，且多孔板73靠近土样4一侧的过滤件应替换为金属板，液体和土壤均不能通过。Among them, soil sample 4 is mainly for unsaturated soil, but it is also suitable for saturated soil and has a wide range of applications. When used for saturated soil, the water replenishing component 3 does not need to replenish water, and the filter element on the side of the porous plate 73 close to the soil sample 4 should be replaced with a metal plate, so that neither liquid nor soil can pass through.
下面对本发明提供的非饱和土壤冻结实验的可视化方法进行描述，下文描述的非饱和土壤冻结实验的可视化方法与上文描述的土壤冻结实验的可视化装置可相互对应参照。The visualization method of the unsaturated soil freezing experiment provided by the present invention is described below. The visualization method of the unsaturated soil freezing experiment described below and the visualization device of the soil freezing experiment described above can correspond to each other.
如图3所示，本发明的另一方面实施例公开了土壤冻结实验的可视化方法，利用上述土壤冻结实验的可视化装置，包括步骤：As shown in Figure 3, another aspect of the present invention discloses a method for visualizing soil freezing experiments. Using the above visualization device for soil freezing experiments, the method includes the steps:
S1、在可视化壳体2内部设置含第一颜料的土样4，同时将温度测量传感器12通过贯穿孔13穿入可视化壳体2内部并埋于土样4中；S1. Set the soil sample 4 containing the first pigment inside the visualization housing 2, and at the same time, penetrate the temperature measurement sensor 12 into the interior of the visualization housing 2 through the through hole 13 and bury it in the soil sample 4;
S2、在可视化壳体的顶部设置第一导热体6，在第一导热体6内设置有导管10，并将导管10接通冷却液供给装置，且第一导热体6伸入土样4内，通过第一导热体6对土样4进行冷却；S2. Set the first heat conductor 6 on the top of the visualization shell, and set the conduit 10 in the first heat conductor 6. Connect the conduit 10 to the cooling liquid supply device, and the first heat conductor 6 extends into the soil sample 4. , cooling the soil sample 4 through the first thermal conductor 6;
S3、在可视化壳体2的底部设置第二导热体7，通过第二导热体7对土样进行承载并控制土样的底部的温度；S3. Set a second thermal conductor 7 at the bottom of the visualization shell 2, and use the second thermal conductor 7 to carry the soil sample and control the temperature of the bottom of the soil sample;
S4、通过补水组件3对土样4进行补水，模拟地下水补水；S4. Replenish water to soil sample 4 through water replenishment component 3 to simulate groundwater replenishment;
S5、通过光源5对可视化壳体2进行照射。S5. Use the light source 5 to illuminate the visualization housing 2.
在步骤S1中包括对土样4的温度进行监测，可以在可视化壳体2的后侧板上设置多个均匀分布的贯穿孔，一一对应地穿入多个温度测量传感器12，例如，热电偶，埋于土样4中，形成阵列分布，实时进行温度检测，通过若干热电偶的温度测量，确定多点的温度，降低插值的影响，在分析冻结示踪过程时提供精准的土样剖面温度等温线图。Step S1 includes monitoring the temperature of the soil sample 4. Multiple evenly distributed through holes can be set on the rear side plate of the visualization housing 2 to penetrate multiple temperature measurement sensors 12 in one-to-one correspondence, for example, thermoelectric sensors. Couple, buried in the soil sample 4, forms an array distribution, conducts temperature detection in real time, determines the temperature at multiple points through temperature measurement of several thermocouples, reduces the impact of interpolation, and provides accurate soil sample profiles when analyzing the freezing tracing process Temperature isotherm plot.
其中，在步骤S2中，第一导热体6上开设有冷却液进口8和冷却液出口9，与外接循环冷却液供给装置相连接，以实现冷却液供给装置对第一导热体6的持续冷却。Among them, in step S2, the first thermal conductor 6 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet 8 and a cooling liquid outlet 9, and is connected to an external circulating cooling liquid supply device to realize continuous cooling of the first thermal conductor 6 by the cooling liquid supply device. .
而且，第一导热体采用T型金属块，T型金属块包括水平部61和竖直部62，水平部61上设置有冷却液进口8和冷却液出口9，且内部设置导管10；导管10的一端与冷却液进口8连通，另一端与冷却液出口9连通；竖直部62设置于水平部61的底部，且插入可视化壳体2内部，并且竖直部62与土样4紧密接触；对土样4实现冷却。冷却液供给装置可以为外部装置，用于向导管10内供给循环冷却液。Moreover, the first thermal conductor adopts a T-shaped metal block. The T-shaped metal block includes a horizontal part 61 and a vertical part 62. The horizontal part 61 is provided with a cooling liquid inlet 8 and a cooling liquid outlet 9, and a conduit 10 is provided inside; the conduit 10 One end is connected with the cooling liquid inlet 8, and the other end is connected with the cooling liquid outlet 9; the vertical part 62 is provided at the bottom of the horizontal part 61, and is inserted into the inside of the visualization housing 2, and the vertical part 62 is in close contact with the soil sample 4; Cool the soil sample 4. The cooling liquid supply device may be an external device for supplying circulating cooling liquid into the conduit 10 .
在步骤S3中，第二导热体7包括：导热块71、导热柱72和多孔板73；导热块71设置于可视化壳体2的底部；导热柱72具有多个，且多个导热柱72分布于导热块71的顶部，并且位于可视化壳体2的内部，用于支撑多孔板73的同时，在导热块71和多孔板73之间迅速传递热量，并且和导热块71、多孔板73一起控制水槽中水的温度；多孔板73设置于导热柱72的顶部，同时设置于土样4的底部，多孔板73用于承载土样4，并控制土样4底部的温度。In step S3, the second thermal conductor 7 includes: a thermal conductive block 71, a thermal conductive column 72 and a porous plate 73; the thermal conductive block 71 is provided at the bottom of the visualization housing 2; there are multiple thermal conductive columns 72, and the plurality of thermal conductive columns 72 are distributed Located on the top of the thermal block 71 and located inside the visualization shell 2, it is used to support the porous plate 73 while quickly transferring heat between the thermal block 71 and the porous plate 73, and is controlled together with the thermal block 71 and the porous plate 73. The temperature of the water in the water tank; the porous plate 73 is arranged on the top of the thermal conductive column 72 and at the bottom of the soil sample 4. The porous plate 73 is used to carry the soil sample 4 and control the temperature at the bottom of the soil sample 4.
在步骤S4中，补水组件3包括马氏瓶31和水槽32，马氏瓶31设置于可视化壳体2的一侧，马氏瓶31在补水过程中保持土样中的水位恒定；在马氏瓶31内装含亚甲基蓝的水分(可见光照射下溶液呈蓝色，被冻结后不显色)；多孔板73用于承托土样，还包括铺设于多孔板73靠近土样4一侧的过滤件，过滤件可以是滤纸，滤纸的孔径要小于土样4的粒径，以避免土样4落入水槽内；即多孔板73和过滤件液体可以自由通过，土壤颗粒无法通过；水槽32设置于多孔板73的底部，且水槽32与马氏瓶31相连通；用装有亚甲基蓝的马氏瓶31接入系统模拟一定埋深的地下水，用于冻结过程中的水分迁移过程的示踪。In step S4, the water replenishing component 3 includes a Markovian bottle 31 and a water tank 32. The Markovian bottle 31 is arranged on one side of the visualization housing 2. The Markovian bottle 31 keeps the water level in the soil sample constant during the replenishing process; in the Markovian bottle 31 The bottle 31 contains water containing methylene blue (the solution turns blue under visible light irradiation and does not develop color after being frozen); the porous plate 73 is used to support the soil sample, and also includes a filter laid on the side of the porous plate 73 close to the soil sample 4 , the filter element can be filter paper, and the pore size of the filter paper should be smaller than the particle size of the soil sample 4 to prevent the soil sample 4 from falling into the water tank; that is, the porous plate 73 and the filter element liquid can pass through freely, but the soil particles cannot pass; the water tank 32 is provided in The bottom of the porous plate 73, and the water tank 32 is connected with the Markovian bottle 31; the Markovian bottle 31 filled with methylene blue is connected to the system to simulate the groundwater buried at a certain depth for tracing the water migration process during the freezing process.
而且，在步骤S5之后，通过摄像机11对可视化壳体2进行拍摄，拍摄得到的土壤冻结水和未冻水的分布图，与密布的温度测量传感器12，例如热电偶，得到的温度等值线图叠加，进行冻结过程的量化分析。Moreover, after step S5, the visualization shell 2 is photographed by the camera 11, and the obtained distribution map of soil frozen water and unfrozen water is photographed, together with the densely distributed temperature measurement sensors 12, such as thermocouples, to obtain the temperature contours. The graphs are superimposed to conduct quantitative analysis of the freezing process.
在本发明实施例中，可以控制第一导热体6的温度为-10℃，恒温箱的温度为1℃，冻结过程开始。将光源5切换为紫外线时，在其照射下，可以由荧光素(C20H12O5)示踪得到原来土壤中所含的水分的分布，即初始时整体呈均匀的黄绿色，开始冻结后，上部冻结的部分不显色，冻结锋面的黄绿色加深，冻结锋面会自上而下移动。同时土壤下部的水分会自下而上迁移，与此同时，装有亚甲基蓝的马氏瓶31开始为土样补水，将光源5切换为可见光时，在其照射下，补充的地下水在可见光照射下为蓝色，含有亚甲基蓝的水分冻结后也不显色。这样，可以由亚甲基蓝示踪得到原来地下水中的水分补充土壤水的过程。光源5在紫外线和可见光之间切换，冻结区、未冻结区和未冻水来源都能可视化。In the embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the first thermal conductor 6 can be controlled to -10°C, the temperature of the thermostatic box can be controlled to 1°C, and the freezing process begins. When the light source 5 is switched to ultraviolet light, under its irradiation, the distribution of water contained in the original soil can be traced by fluorescein (C 20 H 12 O 5 ). That is, the entire soil is uniformly yellow-green initially and begins to freeze. Finally, the upper frozen part does not show color, the yellow-green color of the freezing front deepens, and the freezing front moves from top to bottom. At the same time, the water in the lower part of the soil will migrate from bottom to top. At the same time, the Markovian bottle 31 containing methylene blue begins to replenish the soil sample. When the light source 5 is switched to visible light, under its irradiation, the supplemented groundwater will be irradiated by visible light. It is blue and does not develop color even after the water containing methylene blue freezes. In this way, the process of replenishing soil water with water in the original groundwater can be traced by methylene blue. Light source 5 switches between ultraviolet and visible light, and frozen areas, unfrozen areas and unfrozen water sources can all be visualized.
其中，土样4可以为含盐土壤，可以为不含盐土壤；补水组件3中的地下水也可以为含盐地下水，或不含盐地下水。Among them, the soil sample 4 can be saline soil or non-salt soil; the groundwater in the water supply component 3 can also be saline groundwater or non-salt groundwater.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it can still be used Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions are made to some of the technical features; however, these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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