CN114939531B - A micro-nano particle size divider based on the principle of inertial impact - Google Patents
A micro-nano particle size divider based on the principle of inertial impact Download PDFInfo
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- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种干粉颗粒分径仪，具体是在干燥条件下能实现对亚微米或纳米尺度颗粒按照粒径大小进行分类的仪器。The invention relates to a dry powder particle size analyzer, in particular to an instrument capable of classifying submicron or nanoscale particles according to particle size under dry conditions.
背景技术Background technique
纳米材料是目前研究的热点，对纳米颗粒的特性分析是纳米颗粒合成、表征及应用的关键。颗粒的特性与其粒径分布紧密相关，粒径分布窄的纳米粒子应用范围更广泛，用其生产的产品性能更稳定，如电容凃层，色谱填料、液晶屏幕等。Nanomaterials are currently a hot topic in research, and the analysis of the characteristics of nanoparticles is the key to the synthesis, characterization and application of nanoparticles. The characteristics of particles are closely related to their particle size distribution. Nanoparticles with narrow particle size distribution have a wider range of applications, and the products produced with them have more stable performance, such as capacitive coatings, chromatographic fillers, and liquid crystal screens.
目前，获得精确可控，具备粒径高度均一的单分散纳米颗粒仍是制约我国制造业升级的瓶颈。现有的分径技术如沉降法，筛分法，主要用于少量粒径测量过程，难以实现批量且长时间的粒径分离，且常用于溶液中颗粒分离，对干粉颗粒分离应用较少。因此，利用颗粒在气流场中惯性冲击原理，根据不同粒径颗粒的运动特性，实现不同粒径的微纳颗粒分离，获得粒径均一的纳米材料，并实现良好的收集效果，对获得高质量的纳米颗粒具有重要意义。At present, the acquisition of precise and controllable monodisperse nanoparticles with highly uniform particle size is still the bottleneck restricting the upgrading of my country's manufacturing industry. Existing sizing techniques, such as sedimentation method and sieving method, are mainly used in the measurement process of a small amount of particle size, and it is difficult to achieve batch and long-term particle size separation, and are often used for particle separation in solutions, and are rarely used for dry powder particle separation. Therefore, using the principle of inertial impact of particles in the airflow field, according to the movement characteristics of particles of different particle sizes, to achieve the separation of micro-nano particles of different particle sizes, to obtain nanomaterials with uniform particle size, and to achieve a good collection effect, it is of great significance to obtain high-quality nanoparticles.
基于惯性冲击原理的微纳颗粒分径仪原理如下：当载有颗粒相的气流通过冲击喷嘴被加速后，由于冲击平板的拦截作用，改变了气流原来的方向，导致一定范围粒径的颗粒因为具有较大的惯性无法跟随气流继续运动，最终撞击在冲击平板上被收集；而其他尺寸的颗粒会继续跟随气流流动至离开平板。这样就收集到了在一定尺寸范围内的颗粒。The principle of the micro-nano particle size analyzer based on the principle of inertial impact is as follows: when the air flow carrying the particle phase is accelerated through the impact nozzle, the original direction of the air flow is changed due to the interception effect of the impact plate, resulting in a certain range of particles. This collects particles within a certain size range.
然而，随着颗粒的采样时间增加，冲击平板上会出现颗粒过载的现象，使得本应该被冲击平板收集的颗粒撞击在先前堆积的颗粒上，发生颗粒反弹现象，然后离开冲击平板随着气流继续流动，最终导致此粒径的颗粒的收集效率变低。另外，现有的颗粒粒径分级装置模型普遍偏小，仅适用于面向粒径分布测量的小流量条件下的颗粒收集，无法大量应用于微纳颗粒粒径筛分领域，极大限制了纳米材料产品性能。However, as the sampling time of the particles increases, particle overload will appear on the impact plate, so that the particles that should have been collected by the impact plate hit the previously accumulated particles, and the particles rebound, and then leave the impact plate and continue to flow with the airflow, which eventually leads to a low collection efficiency for particles of this particle size. In addition, the existing particle size classification device models are generally small, and are only suitable for particle collection under small flow conditions for particle size distribution measurement, and cannot be widely used in the field of micro-nano particle size screening, which greatly limits the performance of nanomaterial products.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于气流场中，基于惯性冲击原理能实现持续微纳颗粒分径，减少颗粒过载现象的颗粒分径仪。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a particle size analyzer used in an airflow field, which can realize continuous micro-nano particle size separation and reduce particle overloading based on the principle of inertial impact.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
本发明包含入口外壳、冲击腔、定位套、出口外壳；所述入口外壳、冲击腔和出口外壳通过定位套实现顺次连接；The invention comprises an inlet housing, an impact chamber, a positioning sleeve, and an outlet housing; the inlet housing, the impact chamber and the outlet housing are sequentially connected through the positioning sleeve;
所述冲击腔具有多个并列的高速冲击部件；每个所述高速冲击部件包含高速冲击部件入口，与高速冲击部件入口连接的冲击喷嘴，位于冲击喷嘴正下方的可活动的冲击平板以及位于冲击平板两侧的高速冲击部件出口。The impact chamber has a plurality of parallel high-speed impact components; each of the high-speed impact components includes a high-speed impact component inlet, an impact nozzle connected to the high-speed impact component inlet, a movable impact plate located directly below the impact nozzle, and high-speed impact component outlets located on both sides of the impact plate.
优选的，增加冲击平板的粗糙度来减少颗粒反弹现象。Preferably, the roughness of the impact plate is increased to reduce the bouncing phenomenon of particles.
优选的，所述冲击平板活动发生的时间为设定值。Preferably, the time for the impacting plate movement to occur is a set value.
优选的，在冲击平板的左侧设有旋钮，冲击平板的下方设有可伸缩的支架。冲击腔外部设置有按钮，所述按钮通过连接路径控制支架的伸缩。Preferably, a knob is provided on the left side of the impact plate, and a telescopic bracket is provided under the impact plate. A button is arranged outside the impact chamber, and the button controls the expansion and contraction of the bracket through the connection path.
优选的，入口外壳和出口外壳均分布有连接减压阀的接口。Preferably, both the inlet housing and the outlet housing are distributed with ports connected to pressure reducing valves.
本发明的有益效果：通过喷嘴形状流道设计，获得冲击流场，使包含微纳颗粒的气流高速冲击平板，实现窄范围粒径颗粒在平板上的沉积；同时在冲击平板上表面增加粗糙度防止颗粒反弹；将多个高速冲击部件并联成蜂窝状用于增加流量，提高收集效率；设计装置外部的按钮使得支撑冲击平板的支架长度缩短，于是控制收集平板的方向发生变化，以防止颗粒堆积，放下冲击板后，通过吸附材料吸附收集颗粒到合适的容器中。Beneficial effects of the present invention: the impact flow field is obtained through the design of the nozzle-shaped flow channel, so that the airflow containing micro-nano particles hits the flat plate at high speed to realize the deposition of particles with a narrow range of particle diameters on the flat plate; at the same time, the roughness of the upper surface of the impact plate is increased to prevent particles from rebounding; multiple high-speed impact parts are connected in parallel into a honeycomb shape to increase the flow rate and improve collection efficiency; the button outside the device is designed to shorten the length of the bracket supporting the impact plate, so that the direction of the collection plate is controlled to change to prevent particle accumulation.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的立体图；Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;
图2为本发明的主视图；Fig. 2 is the front view of the present invention;
图3是图2沿A-A方向的剖视图；Fig. 3 is a sectional view along the A-A direction of Fig. 2;
图4是高速冲击部件示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of high-speed impact components;
图5是图3沿B-B方向的剖视图；Fig. 5 is a sectional view along the B-B direction of Fig. 3;
图6是模拟不同粒径大小颗粒收集效率曲线图。Fig. 6 is a curve diagram of simulating the collection efficiency of particles with different particle sizes.
图中主要元件符号说明：Description of main component symbols in the figure:
1、入口壳体；2、冲击腔；201、高速冲击部件；2011、高速冲击部件入口；2012、冲击喷嘴；2013、冲击平板；2014、高速冲击部件出口；2015、旋钮；2016、支架；2017、支架连接壳体路径；3、定位套；4、按钮；5、出口外壳；6、连接减压阀的接口。1. Entrance shell; 2. Impact chamber; 201. High-speed impact component; 2011. High-speed impact component inlet; 2012. Impact nozzle; 2013. Impact plate; 2014. High-speed impact component outlet; 2015. Knob; 2016. Bracket;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应该理解的是，此处的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不限制本发明。Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
本发明包括入口外壳、冲击腔、定位套、按钮、出口外壳及减压阀接口。所述入口外壳具有气体入口，其下端与冲击腔连接。所述冲击腔是颗粒收集的核心区域，其具有若干个并列的高速冲击部件以实现大流量下的颗粒收集；其中，单个高速冲击部件由冲击喷嘴以及位于喷嘴下方的可活动的粗糙度高的冲击平板所组成，在冲击平板下方连接有可伸缩的支架。所述按钮可控制支架的伸缩。所述出口外壳具有气体出口可连接至采样设备。入口外壳及出口外壳上均匀分布有减压阀接口。所述入口外壳、冲击腔和出口外壳通过定位套实现顺次连接。本发明采用缩扩变截面流道加速了气流的流动，使气流冲击壁面，实现不同粒径颗粒流动分离；采用喷嘴阵列并联分布，可增加气流流量；设计颗粒释放装置，可实现颗粒分径过程连续工作。The invention comprises an inlet casing, an impact cavity, a positioning sleeve, a button, an outlet casing and a pressure reducing valve interface. The inlet housing has a gas inlet, the lower end of which is connected to the impingement chamber. The impact chamber is the core area of particle collection, which has several parallel high-speed impact components to achieve particle collection under large flow rates; wherein, a single high-speed impact component is composed of an impact nozzle and a movable high-roughness impact plate located below the nozzle, and a telescopic bracket is connected under the impact plate. The button can control the expansion and contraction of the bracket. The outlet housing has a gas outlet connectable to a sampling device. Ports of pressure reducing valves are evenly distributed on the inlet shell and the outlet shell. The inlet housing, the impact chamber and the outlet housing are sequentially connected through positioning sleeves. The invention adopts the shrinking and expanding cross-section flow channel to accelerate the flow of the airflow, so that the airflow hits the wall surface to realize the flow separation of particles with different particle sizes; the parallel distribution of nozzle arrays can increase the flow rate of the airflow; the design of the particle release device can realize the continuous operation of the particle diameter separation process.
实施例：Example:
参见图1、图2和图3所示，本实施例包含入口外壳1、冲击腔2、定位套3、按钮4、出口外壳5及连接减压阀的接口6。所述入口外壳1、冲击腔2和出口外壳5通过定位套3实现顺次连接；所述入口外壳1的气体入口通过导气管与气体流量计相连。所述冲击腔2具有多个并列的高速冲击部件201；其中高速冲击部件201包含高速冲击部件入口2011，与高速冲击部件入口2011连接的冲击喷嘴2012，初始位置位于冲击喷嘴2012正下方的冲击平板2013以及高速冲击部件出口2014。在冲击平板2013的左侧设有旋钮2015，冲击平板2013的下方设有可伸缩的支架2016。按钮4位于冲击腔2的外部，并通过连接路径2017控制支架2016的伸缩。所述出口外壳5与冲击腔2相连，出口外壳5的气体出口可连接至采样设备。入口外壳和出口外壳均分布有连接减压阀的接口6。Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, this embodiment includes an inlet casing 1, an impact chamber 2, a positioning sleeve 3, a button 4, an outlet casing 5 and an interface 6 connected to a pressure reducing valve. The inlet shell 1, the impact chamber 2 and the outlet shell 5 are sequentially connected through the positioning sleeve 3; the gas inlet of the inlet shell 1 is connected with the gas flow meter through the air guide tube. The impact chamber 2 has a plurality of parallel high-speed impact components 201; wherein the high-speed impact components 201 include a high-speed impact component inlet 2011, an impact nozzle 2012 connected to the high-speed impact component inlet 2011, an impact plate 2013 directly below the impact nozzle 2012, and a high-speed impact component outlet 2014 at the initial position. A knob 2015 is provided on the left side of the impact plate 2013 , and a telescopic bracket 2016 is provided under the impact plate 2013 . The button 4 is located outside the impact chamber 2 and controls the expansion and contraction of the bracket 2016 through the connection path 2017 . The outlet casing 5 is connected to the impact chamber 2, and the gas outlet of the outlet casing 5 can be connected to a sampling device. Both the inlet housing and the outlet housing are distributed with ports 6 for connecting pressure reducing valves.
据此设计，带有颗粒的样品流体先经过除静电装置以去除所需测量颗粒的电荷，然后通过导管流过流量计以确定流入微纳颗粒分径仪的流量，然后流经入口外壳1的气体入口，高速冲击部件入口2011，冲击喷嘴2012，高速冲击部件出口2014，最后从出口外壳5的气体出口流出。符合高速冲击部件收集尺寸范围内的颗粒被冲击平板2013所收集；而样品流体中的气流在流经冲击平板2013的上方区域时发生拐弯，最后由高速冲击部件出口2014流出。入口外壳1和出口外壳5均分布有连接减压阀的接口6以控制高速冲击部件201上游和下游的压力，入口外壳1和出口外壳5的结构一样。According to this design, the sample fluid with particles first passes through the static elimination device to remove the charge of the particles to be measured, then flows through the flowmeter through the conduit to determine the flow rate into the micro-nano particle size analyzer, and then flows through the gas inlet of the inlet housing 1, the high-speed impact component inlet 2011, the impact nozzle 2012, the high-speed impact component outlet 2014, and finally flows out from the gas outlet of the outlet housing 5. Particles within the collection size range of the high-speed impact part are collected by the impact plate 2013; while the airflow in the sample fluid turns when flowing through the upper area of the impact plate 2013, and finally flows out through the outlet 2014 of the high-speed impact part. Both the inlet shell 1 and the outlet shell 5 are distributed with ports 6 connected to pressure reducing valves to control the pressure upstream and downstream of the high-speed impact component 201 , and the structures of the inlet shell 1 and the outlet shell 5 are the same.
然而，在实际情况中，随着微纳颗粒分径仪工作时间的增加，颗粒往往会堆积在冲击平板2013的表面上，导致后面本应该撞击在冲击平板2013上被收集的颗粒因撞击于先前停留在冲击平板2013的颗粒，发生颗粒反弹现象；后继续跟随气流流动，从而影响微纳颗粒分径仪的收集效率。于本实施案例中，如图4所示，可通过增加冲击平板2013的粗糙度来降低此种现象发生的机率。另外，还可以设置规定的时间，通过控制按钮4来改变位于冲击平板2013下方的支架2016的长短；于是旋钮2015发生转动，使得冲击平板2013的方向由平行方向转至向下倾斜。这时，通过在出口外壳5的气体出口处连接吸附材料来吸附收集颗粒到采样设备中。其好处在于，无需去除冲击板就可以得到特定尺寸的颗粒。此外，在空腔2内并列多个高速冲击部件201，如图5所示，以适用于大流量条件下的颗粒收集，并且易按要求调节流量大小。需要注意的是，在微纳颗粒分径仪使用一段时间后，应采用干净的空气以固定的气流速度冲洗该设备，使得停留在壁面的颗粒流出，达到清洗仪器、减小误差的目的。However, in actual situations, as the working time of the micro-nano particle size analyzer increases, the particles tend to accumulate on the surface of the impact plate 2013, causing the particles that should have been collected on the impact plate 2013 to collide with the particles that had previously stayed on the impact plate 2013, resulting in a particle rebound phenomenon; and then continue to follow the air flow, thereby affecting the collection efficiency of the micro-nano particle size analyzer. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 , the probability of this phenomenon can be reduced by increasing the roughness of the impact plate 2013 . In addition, a specified time can also be set, and the length of the bracket 2016 located below the impact plate 2013 can be changed by controlling the button 4; then the knob 2015 is rotated so that the direction of the impact plate 2013 is turned from parallel to downward. At this time, the particles are adsorbed and collected into the sampling device by connecting an adsorbent material at the gas outlet of the outlet housing 5 . The benefit is that particles of a specific size can be obtained without removing the impingement plate. In addition, a plurality of high-speed impact components 201 are arranged in parallel in the cavity 2, as shown in FIG. 5, so as to be suitable for particle collection under large flow conditions, and to easily adjust the flow rate as required. It should be noted that after using the micro-nano particle size analyzer for a period of time, clean air should be used to flush the equipment at a fixed airflow rate, so that the particles staying on the wall can flow out, so as to clean the instrument and reduce the error.
针对本发明，取出了冲击腔2中的单个高速冲击部件201进行模拟计算，得到的颗粒收集效率和粒径的关系如图6所示。对于粒径大于2.48µm的颗粒，高速冲击部件的收集效率达到60%以上，对于粒径大于3.8µm的颗粒，收集效率达到100%。此时气体入口的体积流量为1×10-5m3/s，气体入口的压力为98480Pa，气体出口的压力为98410Pa。需要指出，在不同高速冲击部件几何尺寸和不同进出口压差情况下，还可实现其他粒径范围的颗粒分离，在这里仅列举了一种情况。For the present invention, a single high-speed impact part 201 in the impact chamber 2 is taken out for simulation calculation, and the obtained relationship between particle collection efficiency and particle size is shown in FIG. 6 . For particles with a particle size larger than 2.48µm, the collection efficiency of the high-speed impact part reaches more than 60%, and for particles with a particle size larger than 3.8µm, the collection efficiency reaches 100%. At this time, the volume flow rate of the gas inlet is 1×10 -5 m 3 /s, the pressure of the gas inlet is 98480Pa, and the pressure of the gas outlet is 98410Pa. It should be pointed out that under different geometric dimensions of high-speed impact parts and different inlet and outlet pressure differences, particle separation in other particle size ranges can also be achieved, and only one situation is listed here.
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何限制，凡是根据本发明实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments according to the essence of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
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