CN114934251A - Laser gas alloying method and laser gas alloying device for metal surface - Google Patents
Laser gas alloying method and laser gas alloying device for metal surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN114934251A CN114934251A CN202210530243.0A CN202210530243A CN114934251A CN 114934251 A CN114934251 A CN 114934251A CN 202210530243 A CN202210530243 A CN 202210530243A CN 114934251 A CN114934251 A CN 114934251A
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- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 41
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 229910019655 synthetic inorganic crystalline material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005461 Bremsstrahlung Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 Neodymium-yttrium aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser gas alloying method and a laser gas alloying device for a metal surface. The method adopts laser beams emitted by a carbon dioxide laser and laser beams emitted by a short-wavelength laser to simultaneously irradiate an area to be alloyed on the surface of metal, and provides alloying gas as a reaction gas atmosphere, wherein the wavelength of the laser beams emitted by the short-wavelength laser is less than 10640 nm. The carbon dioxide laser and the short wavelength laser are compounded to alloy the laser gas on the surface of the metal, so that the advantages of the carbon dioxide laser and the short wavelength laser can be exerted, namely, the laser beam emitted by the carbon dioxide laser can cause the ionization of the alloying gas, the content of alloying gas elements in a molten pool is increased, the laser beam emitted by the short wavelength laser is more easily and efficiently absorbed by the metal, and the melting depth of the molten pool and the depth of an alloying layer are increased. The thickness of the alloying layer and the content of the alloying gas can be simultaneously considered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface alloying, in particular to a metal surface laser gas alloying method and a laser gas alloying device.
Background
Laser surface alloying is a method of heating and melting the surface layer of a substrate and an additive element by using a high-energy laser beam, and rapidly solidifying the mixture to form a new surface alloy layer based on the raw material. Laser gas alloying is one of them, and is to inject a gas (such as nitrogen, oxygen, carburizing atmosphere, etc.) capable of reacting with the base metal to form a strengthening phase into the metal molten pool, and react with the base metal to form a compound alloy layer.
Taking titanium alloy as an example, the application environment and service condition of titanium alloy often have higher requirements on wear resistance, and the problem of poor wear resistance of titanium alloy base material leads to short service life of the structure or the titanium alloy base material cannot meet the requirements of actual production and application, so that the application of titanium alloy is greatly limited. When titanium alloy is used as sliding parts such as valves, guide rods, piston pins, and connecting rod shafts, it tends to adhere to the material and cause wear. Titanium alloy is adopted in a large number of high-performance blades such as partial intermediate temperature blade matrixes of aero-engines and gas turbine compressors, last-stage large blades of steam turbines and the like, but the titanium alloy matrixes cannot meet the service environment of wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Therefore, how to prepare a deep high-performance wear-resistant layer with good combination on the surface of the titanium alloy and bear a worse service environment is an important technical problem for expanding the application range of the titanium alloy.
The laser gas nitriding is a commonly used method for strengthening the surface of the titanium alloy at present, and the method actually utilizes a high-energy laser beam to melt the surface of the titanium alloy in a high-purity nitrogen atmosphere, and the nitrogen and the high-temperature titanium alloy molten metal in a molten pool generate strong chemical/metallurgical interaction under the irradiation action of the high-energy laser beam, so that the chemical components and the composition of the molten metal in the molten pool are obviously changed, and finally, a nitrided layer taking hard titanium nitride as a strengthening phase is obtained after rapid solidification.
However, the thickness of the nitriding layer is within 0.5mm at present, but in order to adapt to more use environments, the depth of the nitriding layer on the metal surface, namely the alloying layer, needs to be increased, the penetration depth is increased by increasing the power of laser in the conventional method, but the method causes the increase of heat input to deteriorate the performance of a substrate, the obtained nitriding layer has low nitrogen content, the strength of the nitriding layer is poor, the two are difficult to be obtained at the same time, and the use range of the technology is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a metal surface laser gas alloying method, which aims to solve the problem that the thickness and the content of alloying elements on the surface of metal can not be obtained at the same time in the prior art; meanwhile, the invention also aims to provide a laser gas alloying device for implementing the method.
In order to realize the purpose, the metal surface gas alloying method adopts the following technical scheme: a laser gas alloying method for metal surface features that the laser beams emitted by carbon dioxide laser and short-wavelength laser are simultaneously irradiated to the area to be alloyed on metal surface, and the alloying gas is used as reaction atmosphere, and the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by short-wavelength laser is less than 10640 nm.
The short-wavelength laser is selected from one of Nd, semiconductor laser and free electron laser.
The short-wavelength laser is an Nd-YAG laser, and the wavelength of a laser beam emitted by the Nd-YAG laser is 1064 nm.
The laser gas alloying device for implementing the metal surface gas alloying method adopts the following technical scheme: the laser gas alloying device comprises a carbon dioxide laser and a short-wavelength laser, wherein a laser processing head of the carbon dioxide laser and a laser processing head of the short-wavelength laser face to a to-be-alloyed area on the surface of the metal, so that laser beams emitted by the two lasers can simultaneously irradiate the to-be-alloyed area on the surface of the metal; the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser is less than 10640 nm; each laser is provided with an atmosphere cover, and the gas outlet of each atmosphere cover faces to a region to be alloyed on the metal surface to provide alloying gas as reaction gas atmosphere.
The short wavelength laser is selected from one of Nd, YAG, semiconductor and free electron laser.
The wavelength laser is an Nd-YAG laser, and the wavelength of a laser beam emitted by the Nd-YAG laser is 1064 nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the carbon dioxide laser is 10640nm, the energy of the laser beam is easily absorbed by nitrogen, and through the effect of reverse bremsstrahlung, the alloying gas is ionized to form plasma, the plasma has higher energy and is more easily reacted with a molten pool, the content of alloying gas elements in the molten pool is increased, and the content of alloying gas elements in an alloying layer is increased, but the laser beam is not easily absorbed by metal, the metal absorption rate is low, so the molten pool is shallow, and the alloying layer is also shallow. The laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser is easier to be absorbed by metal, so that the depth of a molten pool and the depth of an alloying layer can be increased, but the short-wavelength laser is not easy to be absorbed by alloying gas, the alloying gas is not easy to ionize to form plasma, the plasma is not easy to react with the molten pool, the content of gas elements in the molten pool is low, and the content of gas elements in the alloying layer is low. The carbon dioxide laser and the short wavelength laser are compounded to alloy the laser gas on the surface of the metal, so that the advantages of the carbon dioxide laser and the short wavelength laser can be exerted, namely, the laser beam emitted by the carbon dioxide laser can cause the ionization of the alloying gas, the content of gas elements in an alloying layer is increased, the laser beam emitted by the short wavelength laser is more easily and efficiently absorbed by the metal, the melting depth of a molten pool and the depth of the alloying layer are increased, and the thickness of the alloying layer and the content of the alloying elements can be simultaneously considered.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the laser gas alloying of a metal surface using a single laser in comparative example one and comparative example two in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a laser gas alloying apparatus in an experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change of the nitrogen content in the nitrided layer on the metal surface obtained in the first comparative example;
FIG. 4 is a pattern of a nitride layer on a surface of a metal obtained in comparative example one;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the nitrogen content in the nitride layer on the surface of the metal obtained in comparative example II;
FIG. 6 is a pattern of a nitride layer on a metal surface obtained in comparative example II;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change of the nitrogen content in the nitride layer of the metal surface obtained in the experimental example;
fig. 8 is a pattern of the metal surface nitride layer obtained in the experimental example.
Detailed Description
According to the embodiment of the metal surface laser gas alloying method, the laser beam emitted by the carbon dioxide laser and the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser are simultaneously irradiated on the area to be alloyed on the metal surface, the alloying gas is provided as a reaction gas atmosphere, and the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser is less than 10640 nm. In this embodiment, the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the carbon dioxide laser is 10640nm, and the laser emitters emitting laser beams with a wavelength less than 10640nm are collectively referred to as a short-wavelength laser. Specifically, the short-wavelength laser is Nd-yttrium aluminum garnet (Neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd: Y3Al5O12), and the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the Nd-Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) laser is 1064 nm.
The laser gas alloying device for implementing the metal surface laser gas alloying method comprises a carbon dioxide laser 5 and a short-wavelength laser 6, wherein a laser processing head 9 of the carbon dioxide laser and a laser processing head of the short-wavelength laser face a region to be alloyed 8 of a metal surface 7, so that laser beams (10 and 11) emitted by the two lasers can simultaneously irradiate the region to be alloyed of the metal surface, as shown in figure 2. The laser beam emitted from the short wavelength laser is required to have a wavelength of less than 10640 nm. Each laser has an atmosphere hood 12, each atmosphere hood having a gas inlet 13, the gas outlet of each atmosphere hood facing the region of the metal surface to be alloyed, each atmosphere hood being supplied with alloying gas from the gas inlet to provide nitrogen as a reaction gas atmosphere.
Comparative example 1
The workpiece is made of TC4 titanium alloy, a single carbon dioxide laser is adopted, the wavelength of emitted laser beam 1 is 10640nm, the device is shown in figure 1, the carbon dioxide laser is adopted to irradiate the area to be alloyed on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece, the surface of the titanium alloy is melted to form a molten pool, meanwhile, an atmosphere cover sprays nitrogen as alloying gas, and the nitrogen exhausts the air near the molten pool and surrounds the molten pool. The nitrogen reacts with the high-temperature molten pool and enters the molten pool, and the molten pool is cooled and solidified to form a nitride layer. The nitrogen element plays a role in strengthening a second phase or solid solution strengthening in the nitride layer, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the titanium alloy are improved. The experimental parameters are shown in table 1, the nitrogen content variation in the obtained metal surface nitride layer is shown in fig. 3, and the pattern of the obtained metal surface nitride layer is shown in fig. 4, the maximum nitrogen content of the nitride layer is 50%, but the depth of the nitride layer is only 0.5mm at most.
TABLE 1
Comparative example No. two
The workpiece is made of TC4 titanium alloy, a single Nd-YAG laser is adopted, the wavelength of emitted laser beam 1 is 1064nm, the device is also shown in figure 1, the Nd-YAG laser is adopted to irradiate the area to be alloyed on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece, the surface of the titanium alloy is melted to form a molten pool, meanwhile, an atmosphere cover sprays nitrogen as alloying gas, and the nitrogen exhausts the air near the molten pool and surrounds the molten pool. The nitrogen reacts with the high-temperature molten pool and enters the molten pool, and the molten pool is cooled and solidified to form a nitride layer. The nitrogen element plays a role in strengthening a second phase or solid solution strengthening in the nitride layer, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the titanium alloy are improved. The experimental parameters are shown in table 2, the nitrogen content variation in the obtained metal surface nitride layer is shown in fig. 5, and the pattern of the obtained metal surface nitride layer is shown in fig. 6, wherein the maximum nitrogen content of the nitride layer is only 35%, but the depth of the nitride layer can reach 1mm at most.
TABLE 2
Examples of the experiments
The workpiece is made of TC4 titanium alloy, and a carbon dioxide laser and a short-wavelength laser are used in a combined mode, wherein the wavelength of a laser beam emitted by the carbon dioxide laser is 10640nm, the wavelength of a laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser is Nd: YAG laser, the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the laser beam is 1064nm, and the device is shown in figure 2. YAG laser irradiates the area to be alloyed on the surface of the titanium alloy workpiece simultaneously, the surface of the titanium alloy is melted to form a molten pool, and nitrogen is sprayed out of each atmosphere cover to serve as alloying gas and exhaust air near the molten pool and surround the molten pool. The nitrogen reacts with the high-temperature molten pool and enters the molten pool, and the molten pool is cooled and solidified to form a nitride layer. The nitrogen element plays a role in strengthening a second phase or solid solution strengthening in the nitride layer, and the surface hardness and the wear resistance of the titanium alloy are improved. The experimental parameters are shown in Table 3, the nitrogen content variation in the resulting metal surface nitride layer is shown in FIG. 7, and the pattern of the resulting metal surface nitride layer is shown in FIG. 8, where the maximum nitrogen content of the nitride layer is 45.5%, but the maximum depth of the nitride layer is 0.91 mm.
TABLE 3
From the above experimental examples and comparative examples one and two, it can be seen that: the sampling carbon dioxide laser and the short-wavelength laser are combined, and the alloying layer with high gas element content and larger depth can be obtained under the condition that the two lasers are both positioned at low power.
In other embodiments of the present invention, a semiconductor laser may be used as the short-wavelength laser, and the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the semiconductor laser is 976 nm; the short wavelength laser can also adopt a free electron laser, and the wavelength of a laser beam emitted by the free electron laser is 3000 nm; other types of lasers can also be used for the short-wavelength laser, but the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the laser is less than 10640 nm; the alloying gas can be other alloying gases according to the requirement instead of nitrogen.
Claims (6)
1. A metal surface laser gas alloying method is characterized in that: the laser beam emitted by a carbon dioxide laser and the laser beam emitted by a short-wavelength laser are simultaneously irradiated on the area to be alloyed on the surface of the metal, and alloying gas is provided as a reaction gas atmosphere, and the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser is less than 10640 nm.
2. The metal surface laser gas alloying method of claim 1 wherein: the short-wavelength laser is selected from one of Nd, semiconductor laser and free electron laser.
3. The metal surface laser gas alloying method according to claim 2, wherein: the short-wavelength laser is an Nd-YAG laser, and the wavelength of a laser beam emitted by the Nd-YAG laser is 1064 nm.
4. A laser gas alloying apparatus for carrying out the method of laser gas alloying of metal surfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alloying device comprises a carbon dioxide laser and a short-wavelength laser, wherein a laser processing head of the carbon dioxide laser and a laser processing head of the short-wavelength laser face to a to-be-alloyed area on the surface of the metal, so that laser beams emitted by the two lasers can simultaneously irradiate the to-be-alloyed area on the surface of the metal; the wavelength of the laser beam emitted by the short-wavelength laser is less than 10640 nm; each laser is provided with an atmosphere cover, and the gas outlet of each atmosphere cover faces to a region to be alloyed on the metal surface to provide alloying gas as reaction gas atmosphere.
5. The laser gas alloying apparatus of claim 4 wherein: the short wavelength laser is selected from one of Nd, YAG, semiconductor and free electron laser.
6. The laser gas alloying apparatus of claim 5 wherein: the wavelength laser is an Nd-YAG laser, and the wavelength of a laser beam emitted by the Nd-YAG laser is 1064 nm.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6229111B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-05-08 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for laser/plasma surface alloying |
| CN101733553A (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2010-06-16 | 中国第一汽车集团公司 | Laser welding method for metal part by dual-wavelength dual laser beam |
| CN105154877A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2015-12-16 | 河北瑞驰伟业科技有限公司 | Copper matrix surface laser cladding technology |
| CN110293317A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-10-01 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of gradient titanium alloy laser gain material manufacturing method of nitrogen home position strengthening |
| CN112575283A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-30 | 中国兵器装备研究院 | Method for local carburization of a metal workpiece and metal workpiece |
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- 2022-05-16 CN CN202210530243.0A patent/CN114934251A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6229111B1 (en) * | 1999-10-13 | 2001-05-08 | The University Of Tennessee Research Corporation | Method for laser/plasma surface alloying |
| CN101733553A (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2010-06-16 | 中国第一汽车集团公司 | Laser welding method for metal part by dual-wavelength dual laser beam |
| CN105154877A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2015-12-16 | 河北瑞驰伟业科技有限公司 | Copper matrix surface laser cladding technology |
| CN110293317A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-10-01 | 兰州理工大学 | A kind of gradient titanium alloy laser gain material manufacturing method of nitrogen home position strengthening |
| CN112575283A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-30 | 中国兵器装备研究院 | Method for local carburization of a metal workpiece and metal workpiece |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王一龙: "TC4 激光气体渗氮层及其耐腐蚀性能", 焊接, pages 62 - 64 * |
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Application publication date: 20220823 |