CN114929511A - 用于插入式电动车辆的充电器 - Google Patents

用于插入式电动车辆的充电器 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114929511A
CN114929511A CN202080072181.2A CN202080072181A CN114929511A CN 114929511 A CN114929511 A CN 114929511A CN 202080072181 A CN202080072181 A CN 202080072181A CN 114929511 A CN114929511 A CN 114929511A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
link
voltage
battery charger
switch
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202080072181.2A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
白华
竹立岩
沃尔夫冈·贝克
迈克尔·诺伊多夫霍费尔
格尔德·施拉格
拉克希米·瓦拉哈·耶尔
菲利普·科塔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna International Inc
University of Tennessee Research Foundation
Original Assignee
Magna International Inc
University of Tennessee Research Foundation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magna International Inc, University of Tennessee Research Foundation filed Critical Magna International Inc
Publication of CN114929511A publication Critical patent/CN114929511A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4233—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input using a bridge converter comprising active switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/337—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in push-pull configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于电动车辆的电池充电器，将DC输出电力供应到输出总线以向电池供应电力。电池充电器包括AC/DC转换器，其使用开关将来自AC源的AC电力转换为DC链路总线上的DC链路电压。DC链路电容器允许DC链路电压中的纹波大于常规充电器设计中的纹波。DC/DC级包括DC/AC转换器，该DC/AC转换器包括一个或更多个开关，用于选择性地传导来自DC链路总线的电流，以向变压器供应AC电力。DC/AC转换器的开关被安装到绝缘金属基板，该绝缘金属基板与变压器壳体热接触以从变压器壳体散热。控制器控制DC/AC转换器的一个或更多个开关，并且响应于DC链路电压的纹波而改变开关频率。

Description

用于插入式电动车辆的充电器
相关申请的交叉引用
该PCT国际专利申请要求于2019年8月16日提交的题为“Charger For In Plug-InElectric Vehicles”的序列号为62/887,910的美国临时专利申请的权益和优先权，该美国临时专利申请的全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
背景技术
存在使用固定电力源(通常通过与电网的连接提供)来为插入式电动车辆(EV)的电池组充电的不同类型和布置。插入式EV充电器(也称为“电池充电器”)可以广义地分类为1级、2级或3级。1级充电器使用标准的单相插座(在北美为120VAC)并且在上述三个级别的充电器中为电池组进行充电花费的时间最长。2级充电器利用较高的供应电压(在北美为240VAC)并且通常由汽车制造商或其他电气供应设备制造商以在1000美元与3000美元之间的附加成本出售。2级充电通常花费2小时至4小时来为一般的插入式EV的电池组进行充电。
插入式EV充电器可以与EV集成以及/或者作为独立的单元提供。插入式EV充电器的尺寸和重量是重要的考虑因素。这对于与EV集成或以其他方式与EV一起运输的充电器尤其如此。
发明内容
本公开内容提供一种用于电动车辆的电池充电器，该电池充电器包括AC/DC转换器，AC/DC转换器被配置成将来自AC源的AC电力转换为DC链路总线上的DC电力，DC链路总线包括DC正节点和DC负节点并且限定DC正节点与DC负节点之间的DC链路电压。DC链路电压具有周期性变化的纹波。电池充电器还包括DC/DC级，该DC/DC级包括开关，该开关被配置成选择性地传导来自DC链路总线的电流以将来自DC链路总线的DC电力转换为具有与DC链路电压不同的输出电压的输出DC电力。该电池充电器还包括控制器，该控制器被配置成控制开关并且响应于DC链路电压的纹波来改变开关的开关频率或占空比或相移中的至少一个。
本公开内容还提供一种操作电池充电器的方法。该方法包括：命令开关选择性地传导来自DC链路总线的电流，以将来自DC链路总线的DC电力转换为具有与DC链路电压不同的输出电压的输出DC电力；以及响应于DC链路总线上的DC链路电压的纹波，改变开关的开关频率或占空比或相移中的至少一个。
附图说明
本发明的设计的其他细节、特征和优点从参照相关联附图对实施方式示例的以下描述得到。
图1示出了根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器的示意性框图；
图2示出了根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器的示意图；
图3示出了DC总线电压和DC总线电流随时间变化的曲线图；
图4示出了电网电压和电网电流随时间变化的复合图；
图5示出了说明根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的DC-DC级的操作的功能图；
图6示出了根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器的俯视图；
图7示出了根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器的立体图；
图8示出了根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器的立体图；
图9示出了示出根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器的各个部分的温度的立体图；
图10示出了示出根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器的各个部分的温度的俯视图；
图11示出了示出根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器的各个部分的温度的前侧视图；
图12示出了根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器的各个部件的温度的侧视图；以及
图13示出了根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的操作电池充电器的方法中的步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
参照附图，将鉴于以下实施方式详细描述本发明。
图1至图2各自示出了用于电动车辆的电池充电器10的示意图，该电池充电器被配置成使用从AC源18获得的AC电力向输出总线28提供DC输出电力以用于向负载30(例如电池)供电，该AC源18可以是电网或公用线电源。本公开内容的电池充电器10可以是车载装置，其部件中的全部或大部分位于电动车辆内并且可以与电动车辆一起移动。替选地，本公开内容的电池充电器10可以位于车辆的外部。例如，电池充电器10可以位于固定的充电站设施处。在一些实施方式中，如图1至图2所示，AC源18是在第一输入导体20(可以称为线路导体(L1))与第二输入导体22(可以称为中性导体(N))之间提供AC电网电压Vgrid的单相源。然而，AC源18可以具有例如三相电源的其他配置，或不同的单相配置，例如具有两个导体的240V单相系统，每个导体承载彼此异相180度的AC电压(如在北美住宅和轻型商业服务中通常提供的)。图1所示的负载30是包括电池电压Vb和模型电池电阻Rb的电池的简化模型。
在一些实施方式中，如图1所示，输入电感器24(也可以称为电网电感器)被连接在第一输入导体20与第一线节点26之间。输入电感器24具有电感Lgrid，并且可以帮助调节由AC源18供应的电压和/或电流，并且可以起到减少电磁干扰(EMI)的作用。
仍然参照图1，电池充电器10包括第一AC/DC转换器32，该第一AC/DC转换器32被配置成将来自AC源18的AC电力转换为DC链路总线34、36上的DC电力。具体地，DC链路总线34、36包括限定其间的DC链路电压VDC_BUS的DC正节点34和DC负节点36。具有电容值Cdc的DC链路电容器38被连接在DC正节点34与DC负节点36之间，以用于调节和稳定DC链路电压VDC_BUS。电池充电器10还包括具有DC/AC转换器42的DC/DC级40，DC/AC转换器42向变压器44供应AC电力。DC/DC级40还包括第二AC/DC转换器46，该第二AC/DC转换器46被配置成转换来自变压器44的次级侧的AC电力以用DC电力激励输出总线28。
在一些实施方式中，DC链路电压VDC_BUS具有周期性变化的纹波。纹波的频率可以是AC源18的频率的两倍。纹波可以是正弦的，但是其他波形形状也是可能的。在常规转换器设计中，寻求使纹波最小化。然而，在本公开内容的一些实施方式中，使DC链路电压VDC_BUS的纹波能够具有比常规设计中更大的幅度。在一些实施方式中，例如，DC链路电压VDC_BUS可以在330V与410V之间波动，从而提供80V的峰-峰纹波。DC链路电容器38的大小是确定DC链路电压VDC_BUS的纹波的幅度的主要因素。在本公开的一些实施方式中，DC链路电容器38具有100μF的值以提供80V的峰-峰纹波，其中，常规设计可以具有500μF的值以提供基本上小于80V的峰-峰纹波。在一些实施方式中，不由有源滤波器调节DC链路电压VDC_BUS。换言之，可以不存在用于主动调节DC链路电压VDC_BUS的开关或其他主动控制装置。
图2示出了根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器10的示意图。具体地，图2示出了根据一些示例实施方式的第一AC/DC转换器32和DC/DC级40的附加内部细节。在一些实施方式中，如图2所示，输入电容器54(也可以被称为电网电容器或滤波器电容器)具有电容值Cf，并且被连接在第一输入导体20与第二输入导体22之间。输入电容器54可以帮助调节由AC源18供应的电压和/或电流，并且可以起到减少电磁干扰(EMI)的作用。
在一些实施方式中，并且如图2所示，第一AC/DC转换器32被配置为功率因数校正(PFC)级，其使用诸如开关晶体管的开关来将来自AC源18的AC电力转换为DC链路总线34、36上的DC电力，同时提供基本上接近于一(1.0)的功率因数。换言之，PFC级对于AC源18可以表现为或接近于纯电阻性负载。第一AC/DC转换器32包括第一高开关56，第一高开关56被配置成在第一线节点26与DC链路总线34、36的DC正节点34之间选择性地传导电流。第一AC/DC转换器32还包括第一低开关58，第一低开关58被配置成在第一线节点26与DC链路总线34、36的DC负节点34之间选择性地传导电流。第一高开关56和第一低开关58可以各自以快速开关频率(例如，可以是100kHz)操作。第一高开关56和第一低开关58可以一起被称为第一AC/DC转换器32的快脚56、58。
第一AC/DC转换器32还包括第二高开关60和第二低开关62，第二高开关60被配置成在第二输入导体22与DC链路总线34、36的DC正节点34之间选择性地传导电流，第二低开关62被配置成在第二输入导体22与DC链路总线34、36的DC负节点34之间选择性地传导电流。第二高开关60和第二低开关62可以各自以可以与AC源的频率(例如60Hz)匹配的慢开关频率操作。第二高开关60和第二低开关62可以一起被称为第一AC/DC转换器32的慢脚60、62。第一AC/DC转换器32的开关56、58、60、62可以是如图所示的负型金属氧化物半导体(NMOS)型场效应晶体管(FET)。然而，开关56、58、60、62中的一个或更多个可以是不同类型的装置，例如另一类型的FET、结型晶体管或三端双向可控硅开关。
仍然参照图2，电池充电器10包括具有一个或更多个开关70、74、76、80的DC/DC级40，所述一个或更多个开关70、74、76、80被配置成选择性地传导来自DC链路总线34、36的电流，以将来自DC链路总线34、36的DC电力转换为具有与DC链路电压VDC_BUS不同的输出电压Vout的输出DC电力。电池充电器10还包括控制器84，控制器84被配置成控制开关70、74、76、80，并且响应于DC链路电压VDC_BUS的纹波来改变开关的开关频率或占空比或相移中的至少一个。更具体地，控制器84包括处理器86以及机器可读存储存储器88，机器可读存储存储器88保存指令90，指令90由处理器86执行，以使处理器86响应于DC链路电压VDC_BUS的纹波而命令开关70、74、76、80中的一个或更多个选择性地传导来自DC链路总线34、36的电流。处理器86可以包括以下中的一个或更多个：微处理器、微控制器、可编程门阵列或专用集成电路(ASIC)。
在一些实施方式中，如图2所示，DC/DC级40包括DC/AC转换器42，DC/AC转换器42被配置成通过切换来自DC链路总线34、36的电流来生成AC电流。具体地，DC/AC转换器42包括第一正开关70和第一负开关74，第一正开关70被配置成在DC正节点34与第一内部节点72之间选择性地传导电流，第一负开关74被配置成在DC负节点36与第一内部节点72之间选择性地传导电流。DC/AC转换器42还包括第二正开关76和第二负开关80，第二正开关76被配置成在DC正节点34与第二内部节点78之间选择性地传导电流，第二负开关80被配置成在DC负节点36与第二内部节点78之间选择性地传导电流。如图所示，DC/AC转换器42的开关70、74、76、80可以是负型金属氧化物半导体(NMOS)型场效应晶体管(FET)。然而，开关56、58、60、62中的一个或更多个可以是不同类型的装置，例如另一类型的FET、结型晶体管或三端双向可控硅开关。
因此，第一内部节点72和第二内部节点78承载AC电流，该AC电流由电感器-电感器-电容器(LLC)谐振回路(tank)96和具有初级绕组102和次级绕组104的变压器100转换成不同电压电平。变压器绕组102、104可以具有1:1的比率(如图2所示)，但是可以使用其他匝数比。谐振回路96包括具有电感值Lp的谐振电感器108和具有电容值Cp的谐振电容器110。谐振电感器108和谐振电容器110彼此串联并且在第一内部节点72与第三内部节点112之间布线。具有电感值Lm的磁化电感114和变压器100的初级绕组102各自被连接在第二内部节点78与第三内部节点112之间。磁化电感114可以是独立装置和/或变压器100的初级绕组102的功能特征。在一些实施方式中，并且特别是在DC/DC级40包括电感器-电感器-电容器(LLC)谐振回路96的情况下，可以响应于DC链路总线34、36上的DC链路电压VDC_BUS的纹波而改变开关70、74、76、80的开关频率。
变压器100的次级绕组104限定了第一次级节点118和第二次级节点120，第一次级节点118和第二次级节点120上具有由初级绕组102中的AC电流感应的磁通量而感应的AC电压。第二AC/DC转换器46被配置成对来自第一次级节点118和第二次级节点120的AC电压进行整流，并在输出总线28上提供输出电压VOUT。如图2所示，第二AC/DC转换器46可以包括连接为桥式整流器的四个二极管。然而，第二AC/DC转换器46可以具有其他配置，例如单个二极管、波形整流器以及/或者被配置成提供有源整流(其也可以被称为同步整流(SR))的一个或更多个开关。在一些实施方式中，如图2所示，可以将输出电容器124跨接在输出总线28上，以用于平滑输出电压VOUT。
在一些实施方式中(图中未示出)，DC/DC级40可以包括双有源桥(DAB)型转换器，该双有源桥(DAB)型转换器包括第一有源桥，该第一有源桥包括被配置成将DC电流直接供应给变压器100的初级绕组102的一个或更多个开关。在一些实施方式中，第一有源桥可以类似于或等同于上面参照图2描述的DC/AC转换器42。换言之，DAB型转换器在第一有源桥与变压器100之间可以不包括的任何谐振回路96。DAB型转换器还可以包括第二有源桥，第二有源桥被配置成将来自变压器100的次级绕组104的AC电流整流为输出总线28上的DC输出电力。在一些实施方式中，并且特别是在DC/DC级40包括双有源桥(DAB)型转换器的情况下，可以响应于DC链路总线34、36上的DC链路电压VDC_BUS的纹波而改变开关70、74、76、80的相移。
图3示出了DC链路电压VDC_BUS和DC总线电流IDC_BUS随时间变化的曲线图，并且图4示出了由AC源18供应给电池充电器10的AC电网电压VGRID和AC电网电流IGRID随时间变化的复合曲线图。
图5示出了说明根据本发明的一些实施方式的DC-DC级40的操作的功能图。具体地，图5示出了求和框130，求和框130被配置成从实际输出电压134中减去参考电压132以产生电压误差信号Verror。电压误差信号Verror被发送至频率比例积分(PI)控制器138，频率比例积分(PI)控制器138基于电压误差信号Verror随时间生成LLC开关频率。在一些实施方式中，LLC开关频率可以在170kHz与250kHz之间变化，但是可以使用其他频率。将LLC开关频率提供给LLC PWM发生器140，LLC PWM发生器140生成脉宽调制(PWM)信号。脉宽调制(PWM)信号可以被配置为50％占空比的方波。将脉宽调制(PWM)信号提供给主H桥，该主H桥可以包括例如以上参照图2描述的DC/AC转换器42的第一正开关70和第一负开关74。将脉宽调制(PWM)信号提供给主H桥142，该主H桥142可以包括例如以上参照图2描述的DC/AC转换器42的第一正开关70和第一负开关74。还将脉宽调制(PWM)信号提供给次级H桥144，该次级H桥144可以包括例如以上参照图2描述的DC/AC转换器42的第二正开关76和第二负开关80。DC-DC级40还可以包括输出电压监视器146，输出电压监视器146可以被配置成周期性地采样并且保持输出电压VOUT的值以生成实际输出电压信号134。
图6示出了根据本公开内容的一些实施方式的电池充电器10的俯视图。具体地，图6示出了主板150(例如印刷电路板)，主板150在平面中延伸并且保持包括变压器100的变压器壳体152。变压器壳体152可以包括金属(例如铝)或其他导热材料的外壳。电子控制单元(ECU)板154被设置在变压器100上方，其中，变压器100设置在主板150与ECU板154之间。ECU板可以包含处理器86和/或其他电子装置和部件。输入端子连接器156和输出端子连接器158各自设置在主板150上以分别为AC源18和输出总线28提供电连接。两个DC链路电容器38与端子连接器156、158相邻地设置在主板150上，并且两个输出电容器124与DC链路电容器38相对地设置在主板150上。输入电感器24被设置在主板150上，并且示出为图6顶部附近的大盒。十五个单独装置的阵列被设置在主板150上，并且一起包括输入电容器54(也可以称为“电网侧电容器”)。第一AC/DC转换器32的四个开关56、58、60、62被示出为从变压器100与输入电容器54之间的主板150向上延伸。
在一些实施方式中，DC/DC级40的开关70、74、76、80被各自安装到与变压器壳体152热接触的绝缘金属基板(IMS)160。例如，可以将开关70、74、76、80中的一个或更多个焊接到绝缘金属基板160。因此，来自开关70、74、76、80的操作的废热可以通过IMS 160传导到变压器壳体152，可以从变压器壳体152移除热量。还可以通过与变压器壳体152导热接触的一个或更多个散热器从变压器壳体152耗散热量。
在一些实施方式中，如图6所示，绝缘金属基板160均设置在变压器壳体152的垂直于主板150的侧壁162上。这种配置可以简化主板150与绝缘金属基板160上的开关70、74、76、80之间的布线连接，从而使组件更加紧凑。
在一些实施方式中，如图7至图8所示，绝缘金属基板160各自设置在变压器壳体152的与主板150间隔开并且平行于主板150的上部164上。在一些实施方式中，如图7至图8所示，螺钉和/或螺栓168用作将具有DC/DC级40的开关70、74、76、80的绝缘金属基板160连接至变压器100的相应初级绕组的导体。图8是图8的电池充电器10的旋转视图，但其中去除了ECU板154以示出下面的绝缘金属基板160的细节。
图8至图12各自示出了图7至图8的电池充电器10的不同视图，展示了从绝缘金属基板160处和/或附近的最热区域170到主板150处或附近的最冷区域的不同温度。图8至图12示出了在开关70、74、76、80(387K＝114℃)处发生的最大温度，该最大温度远低于开关70、74、76、80是氮化镓(GaN)装置情况下的150℃限制。
本公开内容的电池充电器10可以比具有类似电力转换容量的常规转换器显著小和/或重量更轻。这些节省可以通过以下组合来实现:1)减小DC链路电容器38的尺寸，以及2)将IMS 160附接至变压器壳体152。
在一些实施方式中，根据本公开内容构造的电池充电器10可以具有2.45*1.18*0.5dm3＝1.45L的尺寸(没有电连接器)，产生6.6/1.45＝4.56kW/L的功率密度，这与市场上类似容量而具有小于2.0kW/L的功率密度的其他转换器形成对比。
在图13的流程图中示出了操作电池充电器的方法200。方法200包括在步骤202处命令开关70、74、76、80选择性地传导来自DC链路总线34、36的电流，以将来自DC链路总线34、36的DC电力转换为具有与DC链路总线34、36上的DC链路电压VDC_BUS不同的输出电压VOUT的输出DC电力。
方法200还包括在步骤204处响应于DC链路总线34、36上的DC链路电压VDC_BUS的纹波而改变开关70、74、76、80的开关频率或占空比或相移中的至少一个。步骤204可以包括通过响应于DC链路电压VDC_BUS小于标称电压而以小于标称频率的低频率操作开关频率，以及响应于DC链路电压VDC_BUS大于标称电压而以大于标称频率的高频率操作开关频率，来改变开关70、74、76、80的开关频率。例如，开关频率可以在低于200kHz的标称频率50kHz的低频率(即150kHz)与高于标称频率50kHz的高频率(即250kHz)之间变化。
可以以适于特定应用的硬件、软件或硬件和软件的任何组合来实现上述系统、方法和/或过程及其步骤。硬件可以包括通用计算机和/或专用计算装置或特定计算装置或特定计算装置的特定方面或部件。这些过程可以以一个或更多个微处理器、微控制器、嵌入式微控制器、可编程数字信号处理器或其他可编程装置以及内部存储器和/或外部存储器实现。这些过程还可以或替选地以专用集成电路、可编程门阵列、可编程阵列逻辑或可以被配置成处理电子信号的任何其他装置或装置的组合来实施。还将理解的是，可以将过程中的一个或更多个实现为能够在机器可读介质上执行的计算机可执行代码。
计算机可执行代码可以使用例如C的结构化编程语言、例如C++的面向对象编程语言或任何其他高级或低级编程语言(包括汇编语言、硬件描述语言和数据库编程语言和技术)来创建，其可以被存储、编译或解释以在以上装置以及处理器架构的异构组合或不同硬件和软件的组合或能够执行程序指令的任何其他机器之一上运行。
因此，在一方面，上述每种方法及其组合可以以计算机可执行代码实施，该计算机可执行代码当在一个或更多个计算装置上执行时，执行方法的步骤。在另一方面中，这些方法可以在执行其步骤的系统中被实施，并且可以以多种方式跨装置分布，或者所有功能都可以集成到专用的独立运行的装置或其他硬件中。在另一方面，用于执行与上述过程相关联的步骤的装置可以包括上述硬件和/或软件中的任何一种。所有这样的枚举和组合都旨在落入本公开内容的范围内。
上述描述并非旨在穷举或限制本公开内容。特定实施方式的各个要素或特征通常不限于该特定实施方式，而是在适用的情况下是可互换的，并且可以在所选择的实施方式中使用，即使没有具体示出或描述也是如此。特定实施方式的各个元件或特征还可以以许多方式进行变化。这样的变型不被视为是背离本公开内容，并且所有这样的修改旨在被包括在本公开内容的范围内。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于电动车辆的电池充电器，包括：
AC/DC转换器，被配置成将来自AC源的AC电力转换为DC链路总线上的DC电力，所述DC链路总线包括DC正节点和DC负节点并且限定所述DC正节点与所述DC负节点之间的DC链路电压，所述DC链路电压具有周期性变化的纹波；
DC/DC级，所述DC/DC级包括开关，所述开关被配置成选择性地传导来自所述DC链路总线的电流以将来自所述DC链路总线的DC电力转换为具有与所述DC链路电压不同的输出电压的输出DC电力；以及
控制器，被配置成控制所述开关，并且被配置成响应于所述DC链路电压的纹波来改变所述开关的开关频率或占空比或相移中的至少一个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池充电器，其中，所述控制器被配置成响应于所述DC链路电压的纹波而改变所述开关的开关频率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池充电器，其中，所述控制器被配置成使所述开关的开关频率在响应于所述DC链路电压小于标称电压的小于标称频率的低频率与响应于所述DC链路电压大于所述标称电压的大于所述标称频率的高频率之间变化。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电池充电器，其中，所述开关的开关频率由比例积分(PI)控制器基于所述DC链路电压来确定。
5.根据权利要求3所述的电池充电器，其中，所述低频率比所述标称频率低50kHz，并且所述高频率比所述标称频率高50kHz。
6.根据权利要求3所述的电池充电器，其中，所述标称频率是200kHz。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电池充电器，其中，所述控制器被配置成响应于所述DC链路电压的纹波而改变所述开关的占空比。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电池充电器，其中，所述控制器被配置成响应于所述DC链路电压的纹波而改变所述开关的相移。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电池充电器，还包括：
DC链路电容器，连接在所述DC链路总线的所述DC正节点与所述DC负节点之间，以调节所述DC链路电压的纹波。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电池充电器，其中，所述DC链路电容器具有小于500μF的值。
11.根据权利要求9所述的电池充电器，其中，所述DC链路电容器具有小于100μF的值。
12.根据权利要求1所述的电池充电器，其中，所述DC链路电压不由有源滤波器调节。
13.一种操作电池充电器的方法，包括：
命令开关选择性地传导来自DC链路总线的电流，以将来自所述DC链路总线的DC电力转换为具有与DC链路电压不同的输出电压的输出DC电力；以及
响应于所述DC链路总线上的DC链路电压的纹波，改变所述开关的开关频率或占空比或相移中的至少一个。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，改变所述开关的开关频率或占空比或相移中的至少一个包括改变所述开关的开关频率。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，改变所述开关的开关频率包括响应于所述DC链路电压小于标称电压而以小于标称频率的低频率操作所述开关频率，以及响应于所述DC链路电压大于所述标称电压而以大于所述标称频率的高频率操作所述开关频率。
CN202080072181.2A 2019-08-16 2020-08-14 用于插入式电动车辆的充电器 Pending CN114929511A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201962887910P 2019-08-16 2019-08-16
US62/887,910 2019-08-16
PCT/US2020/046344 WO2021034651A1 (en) 2019-08-16 2020-08-14 Charger for in plug-in electric vehicles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114929511A true CN114929511A (zh) 2022-08-19

Family

ID=74660274

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202080072181.2A Pending CN114929511A (zh) 2019-08-16 2020-08-14 用于插入式电动车辆的充电器

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20220294338A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3999376A4 (zh)
KR (1) KR20220045024A (zh)
CN (1) CN114929511A (zh)
CA (1) CA3148018A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2021034651A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102497871B1 (ko) 2022-09-15 2023-02-08 홍정애 전기자동차 충전기용 누전차단기

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090103341A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2009-04-23 Young Joo Lee Integrated bi-directional converter for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
US20150180356A1 (en) * 2013-12-24 2015-06-25 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Electric power converter
US20160172877A1 (en) * 2014-12-16 2016-06-16 Lingxiao Xue Optimal Battery Current Waveform for Bidirectional PHEV Battery Charger
US20180251036A1 (en) * 2017-03-03 2018-09-06 General Electric Company Drive system and method of operation thereof for reducing dc link current ripple
KR20190043268A (ko) * 2017-10-18 2019-04-26 현대자동차주식회사 직류-직류 컨버터

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6577087B2 (en) * 2001-05-10 2003-06-10 Ut-Battelle, Llc Multilevel DC link inverter
US7593243B2 (en) * 2006-10-09 2009-09-22 Honeywell International Inc. Intelligent method for DC bus voltage ripple compensation for power conversion units
US9071141B2 (en) * 2011-04-08 2015-06-30 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Two-stage single phase bi-directional PWM power converter with DC link capacitor reduction
US10686385B2 (en) * 2017-03-23 2020-06-16 HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA Apparatus to realize fast battery charging and motor driving for electric vehicles using one AC/DC converter

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090103341A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2009-04-23 Young Joo Lee Integrated bi-directional converter for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
US20150180356A1 (en) * 2013-12-24 2015-06-25 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Electric power converter
US20160172877A1 (en) * 2014-12-16 2016-06-16 Lingxiao Xue Optimal Battery Current Waveform for Bidirectional PHEV Battery Charger
US20180251036A1 (en) * 2017-03-03 2018-09-06 General Electric Company Drive system and method of operation thereof for reducing dc link current ripple
KR20190043268A (ko) * 2017-10-18 2019-04-26 현대자동차주식회사 직류-직류 컨버터

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA3148018A1 (en) 2021-02-25
KR20220045024A (ko) 2022-04-12
EP3999376A4 (en) 2022-11-16
US20220294338A1 (en) 2022-09-15
EP3999376A1 (en) 2022-05-25
WO2021034651A1 (en) 2021-02-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Kim et al. Multifunctional onboard battery charger for plug-in electric vehicles
KR102442605B1 (ko) 전기 자동차 배터리 충전기
Kim et al. Topology and control scheme of OBC–LDC integrated power unit for electric vehicles
US9590434B2 (en) Compact and modular electrical power supply unit, with multi-converters, notably for fast recharging terminals for electric vehicles
EP3360243B1 (en) A bidirectional power converter
KR102208523B1 (ko) Ldc 및 obc 통합 모듈 장치
CN102447397B (zh) 电源装置
Rehlaender et al. Interleaved single-stage LLC converter design utilizing half-and full-bridge configurations for wide voltage transfer ratio applications
JP2018170930A (ja) 電力変換装置、電力変換システム
CN111602329A (zh) 变流器部件和这种变流器部件的半导体模块
KR20150053452A (ko) 전기자동차용 모듈식 차량 탑재형 완속 충전 시스템 및 충전 방법
Kim et al. Asymmetric control algorithm for increasing efficiency of nonisolated on-board battery chargers with a single controller
US11689112B2 (en) DC-DC converter and vehicle
KR20180029713A (ko) 전기자동차용 충전제어장치
KR20160007867A (ko) 풀브릿지 저전압 ｄｃ-ｄｃ 컨버터
CN114929511A (zh) 用于插入式电动车辆的充电器
US11990830B2 (en) Power conversion system and virtual DC voltage generator circuit
US20230025867A1 (en) Charger capable of bidirectional power transfer
Dong et al. High Efficiency GaN-based Non-isolated Electric Vehicle On-board Charger with Active Filtering
CN110014986B (zh) 分布式单级车载充电装置及其方法
JP2022069834A (ja) 電源制御装置
Vinusha et al. Improved power quality of single phase on-board charger with wide voltage conversion range
US20220286040A1 (en) Power electronic converter
US10862401B2 (en) Tandem DC/DC converter for a vehicle battery charger
US20240048058A1 (en) Switchable bidirectional power converter with single power factor correction circuit and on board charger therewith

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination