CN114927727A - Low-temperature cold start test equipment and test method for fuel cell - Google Patents
Low-temperature cold start test equipment and test method for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN114927727A CN114927727A CN202210693005.1A CN202210693005A CN114927727A CN 114927727 A CN114927727 A CN 114927727A CN 202210693005 A CN202210693005 A CN 202210693005A CN 114927727 A CN114927727 A CN 114927727A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell testing, and discloses low-temperature cold start testing equipment and a low-temperature cold start testing method for a fuel cell. The low-temperature cold start test equipment for the fuel cell comprises a first branch, a second branch and a third branch. Two ends of the first branch are respectively connected with the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, and the first branch is used for rapidly reducing the temperature of the fuel cell; the second branch can be used for a channel for internal circulation of coolant of the fuel cell, and when the cold start of the fuel cell fails, the second branch can rapidly increase the temperature of the fuel cell; the third branch may be used for a passage for external circulation of coolant of the fuel cell while performing a performance test on the fuel cell. The invention improves the cooling efficiency of the fuel cell when the fuel cell is immersed in the machine, prevents the external material of the fuel cell from shrinking to generate stress to the internal parts of the fuel cell, improves the heating efficiency of the fuel cell after the cold start failure, and improves the efficiency of the cold start test of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell testing, in particular to low-temperature cold start testing equipment and a low-temperature cold start testing method for a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device and has the advantages of cleanness, no pollution and high conversion rate. At present, low-temperature cold start is one of the barriers to commercialization of fuel cells, and therefore, it is necessary to explore a cold start strategy of fuel cells by performing cold start tests at low temperature on the fuel cells.
In the prior art, the low-temperature environment bin mostly uses air cooling, and the air cooling type environment bin directly blows cold air into the environment bin to reduce the environment temperature and then indirectly reduce the temperature of the fuel cell. Because of the efficiency of heat transfer between solids and gases, fuel cell temperature reduction rates are low, resulting in long soak times. Meanwhile, due to the phenomenon of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, when the external temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than the internal temperature, the shrinkage rate of the external material of the cell is greater than that of the internal material of the fuel cell stack, and certain stress is generated on the internal material of the fuel cell stack, so that the fuel cell itself can be damaged. Moreover, when the cold start of the fuel cell is unsuccessful, the temperature of the fuel cell needs to be raised, the water inside the fuel cell changes from solid state to liquid state, and then the water inside the fuel cell is purged, so that the state of the fuel cell is consistent before each test, but when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is raised, hot air needs to be used for raising the temperature, and the speed is slow.
At patent CN113921857A, a fuel cell's cold start testing arrangement of low temperature is disclosed, discloses in low temperature environment storehouse, realizes the rapid cooling of coolant liquid through plate heat exchanger, cools down to the fuel cell pile through the cold water tower. However, when the cold start of the fuel cell fails, the temperature rise rate of the fuel cell is slow, which affects the efficiency of the next fuel cell test.
Therefore, a low-temperature cold start test device and a test method for a fuel cell are needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention aims to provide a low-temperature cold start test device for a fuel cell, which improves the cooling efficiency of the fuel cell during soaking, prevents the shrinkage of external materials of the fuel cell from generating stress on internal parts of the fuel cell, improves the heating efficiency of the fuel cell after cold start failure, and improves the cold start test efficiency of the fuel cell.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, there is provided a fuel cell low temperature cold start test apparatus for testing a cold start performance of a fuel cell, the fuel cell being provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, the fuel cell low temperature cold start test apparatus comprising:
a first branch, both ends of which are respectively connected to the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, wherein a first three-way valve, a second three-way valve, a third three-way valve and a fourth three-way valve are sequentially arranged on the first branch, a first circulating pump and a heat exchanger are arranged between the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve, and the heat exchanger is used for reducing the temperature of the coolant;
a second branch provided with a second circulation pump and a heater, both ends of the second branch being connected to the first three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve, respectively;
and a third branch provided with a fuel cell test table, both ends of the third branch being connected to the second three-way valve and the third three-way valve, respectively.
As a preferred technical scheme of the low-temperature cold start test equipment for the fuel cell, the coolant inlet is provided with a first temperature and pressure sensor, and the coolant outlet is provided with a second temperature and pressure sensor.
As a preferred technical scheme of fuel cell low temperature cold start test equipment, still include first expansion kettle, first expansion kettle set up in on the first branch road, and be located first three-way valve with the coolant export between.
As an optimal technical scheme of the low-temperature cold start test equipment for the fuel cell, the low-temperature cold start test equipment for the fuel cell further comprises a second expansion kettle, the heat exchanger is arranged on the upstream of the first circulating pump, and the second expansion kettle is arranged on the first branch and is located between the heat exchanger and the second three-way valve.
As a preferable technical scheme of the low-temperature cold start test equipment for the fuel cell, the fuel cell comprises an electric pile and an electronic load, wherein the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are arranged on the electric pile, and the electronic load is electrically connected to the electric pile.
As an optimal technical scheme of the low-temperature cold start test equipment for the fuel cell, the low-temperature cold start test equipment for the fuel cell further comprises an environment bin, the environment bin is provided with refrigeration equipment, the environment bin is provided with a cavity and an installation cavity, the outer wall of the cavity is provided with a heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer is arranged between the cavity and the installation cavity, the galvanic pile, the second branch and the first branch except the heat exchanger are arranged in the cavity, the heat exchanger is arranged in the installation cavity, and the heat exchanger is connected with the refrigeration equipment.
As a preferred technical scheme of the low-temperature cold start test equipment for the fuel cell, the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.
As a preferred technical solution of the fuel cell low-Temperature cold start test device, the heater is a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, it is an object of the present invention to provide a test method that improves the efficiency of cold start testing of fuel cells.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fuel cell low-temperature cold start test method using the fuel cell low-temperature cold start test apparatus described in any one of the above, the test method comprising the steps of:
s1, closing the second branch and the third branch, conducting the first branch, and circulating a coolant between the fuel cell and the first branch so as to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell to a first preset temperature;
s2, closing the first branch and the third branch, conducting the second branch, cold starting the fuel cell, and circulating a coolant between the fuel cell and the second branch until the temperature of the fuel cell is raised to a second preset temperature;
and S3, closing the first branch and the second branch, conducting the third branch, circulating the coolant between the fuel cell and the third branch, and testing the fuel cell by the fuel cell testing platform.
As a preferable technical solution of the test method for the low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell, in the step S2, when the fuel cell is cold started, the heater is in an off state;
and when the cold start of the fuel cell fails, the heater is started.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a low-temperature cold start test device for a fuel cell, which can absorb the heat in the fuel cell through a heat exchanger arranged on a first branch, quickly reduce the temperature of the fuel cell to a first preset temperature, and improve the cooling efficiency of the fuel cell compared with the air cooling mode in the prior art. And in the cooling process, the external temperature of the fuel cell is higher than the internal temperature, so that the stress of the external material of the fuel cell on internal parts of the fuel cell is prevented from being generated by shrinkage. The heater is in an opening state and a closing state through the heater arranged on the second branch, the heater is closed when the fuel cell is in cold start, and the second branch is used as a coolant for internal circulation when the fuel cell is in cold start; when the cold start of the fuel cell fails, the heater is started, so that the fuel cell can be rapidly heated, the heating efficiency of the fuel cell is improved, solid water in the fuel cell is liquefied, liquid water is convenient to purge, and the condition of the fuel cell is consistent before each test. And the third branch realizes the external circulation of the coolant during the cold start of the fuel cell. The low-temperature cold start test equipment for the fuel cell improves the efficiency of cold start test of the fuel cell.
The invention also provides a test method, before the test, the second branch and the third branch are closed, the coolant circularly flows between the first branch and the fuel cell under the drive of the first circulating pump, when the coolant passes through the heat exchanger, the temperature of the coolant is reduced by the heat exchanger, when the coolant flows back to the fuel cell, the heat in the fuel cell can be absorbed, the temperature of the fuel cell is rapidly reduced to a first preset temperature, compared with the air cooling and cooling mode in the prior art, the cooling efficiency of the fuel cell is improved, and the efficiency of the cold start test of the fuel cell is improved. And in the cooling process, the external temperature of the fuel cell is higher than the internal temperature, so that the stress generated on internal parts of the fuel cell by the shrinkage of external materials of the fuel cell is prevented.
During the test, close first branch road and third branch road, switch on the second branch road, the heater of second branch road is the closed condition, and the coolant is under the drive of second circulating pump, and the circulation flows between second branch road and fuel cell, has realized fuel cell's coolant inner loop, and it is to the second preset temperature to heat up to fuel cell. And then the first branch and the second branch are closed, the third branch is conducted, and the fuel cell test bench can drive the coolant to circularly flow between the third branch and the fuel cell, so that extra coolant circulation of the fuel cell is realized. The fuel cell performance test is carried out in the experiment, and when the cold start of fuel cell failed, the heater was opened to make fuel cell can rapid heating up, improved fuel cell intensification efficiency, with the inside solid-state water liquefaction of fuel cell, be convenient for sweep liquid water, guarantee that fuel cell state before experimental at every turn was unanimous. When the temperature of the fuel cell is raised to a second preset temperature, the first branch and the second branch are closed, the third branch is conducted, and the coolant circularly flows between the third branch and the fuel cell under the driving of the fuel cell test bench, so that the coolant of the fuel cell is circulated externally.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the contents of the embodiments of the present invention and the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell low temperature cold start test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a test method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
The figures are labeled as follows:
1. a fuel cell; 11. a galvanic pile; 111. an anode inlet line; 112. a cathode inlet line; 113. an anode gas outlet pipeline; 114. a cathode gas outlet pipeline; 12. an electronic load;
2. an environment bin; 21. a heat-insulating layer; 22. a chamber; 23. a mounting cavity; 3. a first branch; 31. a first three-way valve; 32. a second three-way valve; 33. a third three-way valve; 34. a fourth three-way valve; 35. a first circulation pump; 36. a heat exchanger; 4. a second branch; 41. a second circulation pump; 42. a heater; 5. a third branch; 51. a fuel cell test stand; 6. a first temperature pressure sensor; 7. a second temperature and pressure sensor; 8. a first expansion tank; 9. a second expansion kettle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
In the prior art, when the fuel cell is subjected to a cold start test, the fuel cell adopts air cooling, and the cooling rate of the fuel cell is low, so that the soaking time is long. Meanwhile, due to the phenomenon of expansion with heat and contraction with cold, the external material of the fuel cell generates certain stress on the internal material of the fuel cell stack, and therefore the fuel cell itself may be damaged. Moreover, when the cold start of the fuel cell is unsuccessful, the fuel cell adopts hot air for heating, so that the efficiency is low.
In order to solve the above problem, as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell low-temperature cold start test apparatus for testing the cold start performance of a fuel cell 1, the fuel cell 1 is provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, and the fuel cell low-temperature cold start test apparatus includes a first branch 3, a second branch 4, and a third branch 5. The two ends of the first branch 3 are respectively connected with the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, a first three-way valve 31, a second three-way valve 32, a third three-way valve 33 and a fourth three-way valve 34 are sequentially arranged on the first branch 3, a first circulating pump 35 and a heat exchanger 36 are arranged between the second three-way valve 32 and the third three-way valve 33, the heat exchanger 36 is used for reducing the temperature of the coolant, and the first branch 3 is used for rapidly reducing the temperature of the fuel cell 1; the second branch 4 is provided with a second circulation pump 41 and a heater 42, both ends of the second branch 4 are connected to the first three-way valve 31 and the fourth three-way valve 34, respectively, the second branch 4 can be used as a passage for internal circulation of the coolant of the fuel cell 1, and when the cold start of the fuel cell 1 fails, the second branch 4 can rapidly increase the temperature of the fuel cell 1; the third branch 5 is provided with a fuel cell test bench 51, two ends of the third branch 5 are respectively connected to the second three-way valve 32 and the third three-way valve 33, and the third branch 5 can be used as a channel for external circulation of coolant of the fuel cell 1, and can be used for performing performance test on the fuel cell 1. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger 36 is a plate heat exchanger. The heater 42 is a PTC heater.
Before the test, close second branch 4 and third branch 5, the coolant is under the drive of first circulating pump 35, circulation flow between first branch 3 and fuel cell 1, when through heat exchanger 36, heat exchanger 36 reduces the temperature of coolant, when the coolant flows back to fuel cell 1, can absorb the inside heat of fuel cell 1, reduce fuel cell 1 temperature to first preset temperature fast, for the mode of air-cooling among the prior art, the cooling efficiency of fuel cell 1 has been improved, improve the efficiency that fuel cell 1 carries out the cold start test. And in the cooling process, the external temperature of the fuel cell 1 is higher than the internal temperature, so that the stress generated on the internal parts of the fuel cell 1 by the contraction of the external material of the fuel cell 1 is prevented.
During the test, the first branch 3 and the third branch 5 are closed, the second branch 4 is conducted, the heater 42 of the second branch 4 is in a closed state, and the coolant is driven by the second circulating pump 41 to circularly flow between the second branch 4 and the fuel cell 1, so that the internal circulation of the coolant of the fuel cell 1 is realized until the temperature of the fuel cell 1 is raised to the second preset temperature. Then the first branch 3 and the second branch 4 are closed, the third branch 5 is conducted, and the fuel cell test platform 51 can drive the coolant to circularly flow between the third branch 5 and the fuel cell 1, so that the extra coolant of the fuel cell 1 is circulated. The fuel cell 1 is subjected to performance test in the test, when the cold start of the fuel cell 1 fails, the heater 42 is started to enable the fuel cell 1 to be capable of rapidly heating up, the heating efficiency of the fuel cell 1 is improved, solid water inside the fuel cell 1 is liquefied, liquid water is convenient to purge, and the condition of the fuel cell 1 before the test is consistent every time. When the temperature of the fuel cell 1 rises to the second preset temperature, the first branch 3 and the second branch 4 are closed, the third branch 5 is conducted, and the coolant is driven by the fuel cell test platform 51 to circularly flow between the third branch 5 and the fuel cell 1, so that the coolant of the fuel cell 1 is externally circulated.
Further, the coolant inlet is provided with a first temperature and pressure sensor 6, the first temperature and pressure sensor 6 being capable of detecting the temperature and pressure of the coolant at the coolant inlet, and the coolant outlet is provided with a second temperature and pressure sensor 7, the second temperature and pressure sensor 7 being capable of detecting the temperature and pressure of the coolant at the coolant outlet. In the process of the low-temperature soaking machine, the temperature and the pressure of the coolant entering the fuel cell 1 and exiting the fuel cell 1 are displayed in real time, and whether the fuel cell 1 is completely soaked in the electric pile 11 is judged; during the test, the coolant temperature and pressure were monitored in real time.
In this embodiment, the fuel cell low-temperature cold start test apparatus further includes a first expansion tank 8, where the first expansion tank 8 is disposed on the first branch 3 and located between the first three-way valve 31 and the coolant outlet. When the first branch 3, the second branch 4 and the third branch 5 are independently conducted, the first expansion kettle 8 is arranged on a circulation pipeline of the coolant, and on one hand, is used for displaying the coolant level in the circulation pipeline of the coolant; the expansion tank can accommodate/compensate for changes in coolant volume due to temperature changes as the temperature increases/decreases.
Further, the fuel cell low-temperature cold start test device further comprises a second expansion kettle 9, the heat exchanger 36 is arranged on the upstream of the first circulating pump 35, and the second expansion kettle 9 is arranged on the first branch 3 and located between the heat exchanger 36 and the second three-way valve 32. When first branch road 3 switches on, first expansion kettle 8 and second expansion kettle 9 all act on first branch road 3, have the bubble that first circulating pump 35 drive coolant produced, can be discharged by first expansion kettle 8 and second expansion kettle 9 to the compensation is because the coolant volume change that temperature reduction, coolant shrink lead to. The second expansion tank 9 of the present embodiment is closest to the heat exchanger 36, so as to ensure that no bubbles are generated when the coolant enters the heat exchanger 36, and improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger 36. In this embodiment, two expansion tanks all need to be set up before the circulating pump, if connect after the circulating pump, then because the flow resistance reason, the coolant gushes into the expansion tank, can't get into in the fuel cell 1, so second expansion tank 9 and heat exchanger 36 set up the upstream at first circulating pump 35.
Further, the fuel cell 1 includes a stack 11 and an electronic load 12, a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet are provided on the stack 11, and the electronic load 12 is electrically connected to the stack 11. The fuel cell test bench 51 is connected with the electric pile 11 through an anode gas inlet pipeline 111, a cathode gas inlet pipeline 112, an anode gas outlet pipeline 113 and a cathode gas outlet pipeline 114, and the fuel cell test bench 51 provides gas required by starting the fuel cell 1 for the electric pile 11.
This fuel cell low temperature cold start test equipment still includes environment storehouse 2, environment storehouse 2 is provided with refrigeration plant, environment storehouse 2 is provided with cavity 22 and installation cavity 23, the outer wall of cavity 22 is provided with heat preservation 21, heat preservation 21 sets up between cavity 22 and installation cavity 23, the galvanic pile 11, second branch road 4 and first branch road 3 except that heat exchanger 36 all set up in cavity 22, heat exchanger 36 and refrigeration plant all set up in installation cavity 23, and heat exchanger 36 connects in refrigeration plant, prevent that the temperature of heat exchanger 36 from producing the interference to cavity 22's temperature. Wherein, heat exchanger 36 links to each other with the refrigeration plant of environment storehouse 2 self or directly replaces the part (like the evaporimeter) among the original refrigeration plant, and the coolant in the first branch road 3 passes through heat exchanger 36, and heat exchanger 36 absorbs the heat of coolant, and to the coolant cooling, drive to galvanic pile 11 by first circulating pump 35, reduce galvanic pile 11 temperature, replace the mode of air-cooled cooling among the prior art, promote cooling rate, shorten the dipping machine time.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment further provides a low-temperature cold start test method for a fuel cell, which uses the above-mentioned low-temperature cold start test apparatus for a fuel cell, and the test method includes the following steps:
s1, closing the second branch 4 and the third branch 5, opening the first branch 3, and circulating the coolant between the fuel cell 1 and the first branch 3 to lower the temperature of the fuel cell 1 to a first preset temperature;
the step S1 is a temperature reduction process before the low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell 1, after flowing out through the coolant outlet, the coolant in the fuel cell 1 sequentially flows back into the fuel cell 1 through the first three-way valve 31, the second three-way valve 32, the heat exchanger 36, the first circulating pump 35, the third three-way valve 33, the fourth three-way valve 34 and the coolant inlet, and circulates in a reciprocating manner, so that the heat exchanger 36 absorbs heat of the coolant to reduce the temperature of the coolant, and the coolant is driven to the cell stack 11 by the first circulating pump 35 to reduce the temperature of the cell stack 11, thereby replacing the air cooling method in the prior art, increasing the temperature reduction rate and shortening the time of the soaking machine.
In this process, the monitoring is performed by the first temperature and pressure sensor 6 and the second temperature and pressure sensor 7, and the monitoring data is sent to the fuel cell test stand 51 until the temperature of the fuel cell 1 reaches the first preset temperature.
In step S1, the first circulation pump 35 drives the coolant to move, so that the generated air bubbles are discharged from the first expansion water tank 8 and the second expansion water tank 9, and the change in volume of the coolant caused by the temperature decrease and the coolant shrinkage is compensated for by the first expansion water tank 8 and the second expansion water tank 9.
S2, closing the first branch 3 and the third branch 5, conducting the second branch 4, cold starting the fuel cell 1, and circulating the coolant between the fuel cell 1 and the second branch 4 until the temperature of the fuel cell 1 is raised to a second preset temperature;
after the soaking machine is completed, the fuel cell 1 starts to perform a cold start test, after the coolant in the fuel cell 1 flows out through the coolant outlet, the coolant flows back into the fuel cell 1 through the first three-way valve 31, the heater 42 which is not started, the second circulating pump 41, the fourth three-way valve 34 and the coolant inlet in sequence, and the above steps are repeatedly performed until the temperature of the fuel cell 1 is raised to a second preset temperature, so that the cold start internal circulation of the fuel cell 1 is realized.
In this process, the monitoring data is sent to the fuel cell test stand 51 by monitoring through the first temperature and pressure sensor 6 and the second temperature and pressure sensor 7 until the temperature of the fuel cell 1 rises to the second preset temperature.
In step S2, the bubbles generated by the movement of the coolant driven by the second circulation pump 41 are discharged from the first expansion tank 8, and the change in the volume of the coolant due to the temperature rise and the expansion of the coolant is compensated for by the first expansion tank 8.
It should be noted that, when a shutdown phenomenon occurs during a cold start test of the cell stack 11 of the fuel cell 1, which results in a failed start, the heater 42 may be started to heat the coolant, and the coolant flows through an internal circulation of the cold start at the same time, so that the temperature of the cell stack 11 of the fuel cell 1 may be rapidly raised to prepare for the next immersion machine, which may shorten the waiting time and improve the test efficiency of the low-temperature cold start of the fuel cell 1 compared to a manner in which the temperature of the fuel cell 1 is indirectly raised through the temperature of the environmental chamber 2 in the prior art.
S3, the first branch 3 and the second branch 4 are closed, the third branch 5 is opened, the coolant circulates between the fuel cell 1 and the third branch 5, and the fuel cell test stand 51 performs a test on the fuel cell 1.
When the temperature of the fuel cell 1 rises to the second preset temperature after the cold start, the flow path of the coolant in the fuel cell 1 is changed, the coolant in the fuel cell 1 flows out through the coolant outlet, and then flows back into the fuel cell 1 through the first three-way valve 31, the second three-way valve 32, the fuel cell test platform 51, the third three-way valve 33, the fourth three-way valve 34 and the coolant inlet in sequence, and the fuel cell test platform 51 performs further test on the fuel cell 1 by the reciprocating circulation.
In step S3, the fuel cell test board 51 drives the coolant to move to generate bubbles to be discharged from the first expansion tank 8, so as to avoid hot spots inside the stack 11, and compensate for the volume change of the coolant caused by the temperature rise and the expansion of the coolant by the first expansion tank 8.
It should be noted that the fuel cell test platform 51 can control the conducting states of the first three-way valve 31, the second three-way valve 32, the third three-way valve 33 and the fourth three-way valve 34 to achieve the closing and conducting of the first branch 3, the second branch 4 and the third branch 5, which is a conventional technical means of those skilled in the art and will not be described herein again.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions will now be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A fuel cell low-temperature cold start test apparatus for testing a cold start performance of a fuel cell (1), the fuel cell (1) being provided with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, the fuel cell low-temperature cold start test apparatus comprising:
a first branch (3), two ends of which are respectively connected to the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet, wherein a first three-way valve (31), a second three-way valve (32), a third three-way valve (33) and a fourth three-way valve (34) are sequentially arranged on the first branch (3), a first circulating pump (35) and a heat exchanger (36) are arranged between the second three-way valve (32) and the third three-way valve (33), and the heat exchanger (36) is used for reducing the temperature of the coolant;
a second branch (4) provided with a second circulation pump (41) and a heater (42), both ends of the second branch (4) being connected to the first three-way valve (31) and the fourth three-way valve (34), respectively;
a third branch (5) provided with a fuel cell test stand (51), both ends of the third branch (5) being connected to the second three-way valve (32) and the third three-way valve (33), respectively.
2. The fuel cell low temperature cold start test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the coolant inlet is provided with a first temperature pressure sensor (6) and the coolant outlet is provided with a second temperature pressure sensor (7).
3. The fuel cell cold start test device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a first expansion tank (8), said first expansion tank (8) being provided on said first branch (3) and being located between said first three-way valve (31) and said coolant outlet.
4. The fuel cell cold start test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a second expansion tank (9), the heat exchanger (36) being disposed upstream of the first circulation pump (35), the second expansion tank (9) being disposed on the first branch (3) between the heat exchanger (36) and the second three-way valve (32).
5. The fuel cell cold start test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell (1) includes an electric stack (11) and an electronic load (12), the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are provided on the electric stack (11), and the electronic load (12) is electrically connected to the electric stack (11).
6. The fuel cell low-temperature cold start test device according to claim 5, further comprising an environment bin (2), wherein the environment bin (2) is provided with a refrigeration device, the environment bin (2) is provided with a chamber (22) and an installation cavity (23), an outer wall of the chamber (22) is provided with a heat insulation layer (21), the heat insulation layer (21) is arranged between the chamber (22) and the installation cavity (23), the electric pile (11), the second branch (4) and the first branch (3) except the heat exchanger (36) are arranged in the chamber (22), the heat exchanger (36) is arranged in the installation cavity (23), and the heat exchanger (36) is connected to the refrigeration device.
7. The fuel cell low temperature cold start test apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heat exchanger (36) is a plate heat exchanger.
8. The fuel cell low temperature cold start test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the heater (42) is a PTC heater.
9. A fuel cell low-temperature cold start test method using the fuel cell low-temperature cold start test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the test method comprising the steps of:
s1, closing the second branch (4) and the third branch (5), conducting the first branch (3), and circulating a coolant between the fuel cell (1) and the first branch (3) so as to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell (1) to a first preset temperature;
s2, shutting down the first branch (3) and the third branch (5), conducting the second branch (4), cold starting the fuel cell (1), and circulating the coolant between the fuel cell (1) and the second branch (4) until the temperature of the fuel cell (1) rises to a second preset temperature;
s3, closing the first branch (3) and the second branch (4), conducting the third branch (5), circulating the coolant between the fuel cell (1) and the third branch (5), and testing the fuel cell (1) by the fuel cell testing platform (51).
10. The fuel cell cold start test method according to claim 9, wherein in the step S2, when the fuel cell (1) is cold started, the heater (42) is in an off state;
turning on the heater (42) when the cold start of the fuel cell (1) fails.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116169324A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-05-26 | 上海韵量新能源科技有限公司 | Pile low-temperature cold start test system |
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| CN111640965A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-08 | 电子科技大学 | High-low temperature starting test system and test method for fuel cell |
| CN111725536A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-29 | 上海捷氢科技有限公司 | System and method for rapid pre-cooling and auxiliary heating of fuel cell |
| CN213425026U (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-06-11 | 上海弗有冷热控制技术有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start test platform for hydrogen fuel cell engine |
| CN113921857A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-11 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start testing device for fuel cell |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111640965A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-08 | 电子科技大学 | High-low temperature starting test system and test method for fuel cell |
| CN111725536A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-29 | 上海捷氢科技有限公司 | System and method for rapid pre-cooling and auxiliary heating of fuel cell |
| CN213425026U (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-06-11 | 上海弗有冷热控制技术有限公司 | Low-temperature cold start test platform for hydrogen fuel cell engine |
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| CN116169324A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-05-26 | 上海韵量新能源科技有限公司 | Pile low-temperature cold start test system |
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