CN114922623A - Extravein caving mining method for broken ore body - Google Patents
Extravein caving mining method for broken ore body Download PDFInfo
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- CN114922623A CN114922623A CN202210778678.7A CN202210778678A CN114922623A CN 114922623 A CN114922623 A CN 114922623A CN 202210778678 A CN202210778678 A CN 202210778678A CN 114922623 A CN114922623 A CN 114922623A
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and relates to an external caving mining method for broken ore body vein; dividing an ore body into ore blocks or chambers, arranging vein-penetrating roadways at the bottom of the ore blocks at certain intervals as ore removal access ways, and forming a bottom structure in the access ways by using a one-time well-forming technology and a medium-length hole blasting technology; arranging mining preparation projects such as a pedestrian ventilation shaft, a communication channel, a rock drilling channel and the like at the periphery of the ore body, and arranging deep holes in a rock drilling roadway to realize groove drawing and ore caving of the ore body; all the required roadways for mining are arranged outside the ore vein, so that the aim of mining is fulfilled without personnel and roadways entering the ore body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to an external caving mining method for broken ore body veins.
Background
Because the ore body of the broken ore body is soft, the operation in the ore body not only has great construction difficulty, but also seriously threatens the safety of operating personnel and equipment facilities, some existing mining methods need personnel to directly enter the ore body for operation, such as an open stope method and a filling mining method, some need to construct a certain roadway and a cutting well in the ore body, such as a caving mining method, and some new mining methods, such as a cementing method and a freezing method, except for needing special equipment, the mining cost is very high. Therefore, most of mines encounter the ore bodies and basically abandon the mining, so that the resources are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides an external caving mining method for broken ore body vein. The ore body is broken outside the vein, so that the aim of finishing mining without entering the ore body by personnel, equipment and a roadway is fulfilled.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
An extravein caving mining method for broken ore bodies comprises the following steps:
1) arranging a plurality of drift tunnels at the bottom of the ore body at certain intervals as ore removal access roads; one end of the ore removal route is adjacent to the ore body.
2) Arranging a plurality of layers of rock drilling channels along the trend of the ore body outside the vein, wherein the plurality of layers of rock drilling channels are arranged from high to low at certain intervals; the ore body is divided into a plurality of layers by the rock drilling channel.
3) Arranging a cutting well at one end of the ore removal route adjacent to the ore body, and performing deep hole blasting and splitting leakage by using the cutting well as a free surface to crush and drop the ore body at the lowest part layer of the end part of the ore removal route; the lowest part layer is the ore body between the bottom of the ore body and the lowest rock drill way layer.
4) Arranging a second deep hole for blasting from the lowest rock drilling channel to the upward layered ore body layer by layer, sequentially blasting the ore bodies corresponding to the end part of the ore removal route layer by layer from the bottom upwards, horizontally and downwards, cutting and blocking the whole ore body along the longitudinal direction, and forming ore breaking grooves among the blocked ore bodies; the second deep hole and the first deep hole are located in the same vertical direction.
5) And arranging third deep holes from the rock drill way to the ore body layer by layer from the bottom to the top on two sides of the ore falling groove to control the blasting of the charging length, crushing the block ore body and allowing the block ore body to fall through the ore falling grooves on two sides of the block ore body.
Preferably, a transport level, a pedestrian raise and a communication road are arranged outside the vein; the transportation drift is arranged along the trend of the vein body; the pedestrian sky well is vertically or obliquely arranged from the top to the bottom of the vein body; the transportation gallery, the pedestrian raise and the ore removal route are communicated; the pedestrian raise is communicated with the rock drilling channel through a communication channel.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent ore removal routes is 8-10m, and the width of the ore removal route is 2.5-3.0 m.
Preferably, the drill way is 3-5m from the ore body.
Preferably, the cutting wells are arranged in or on a lower wall of the ore body in each ore removal route.
Preferably, a plurality of first deep holes are arranged from the inside of the cutting well to the lowest part of the ore body in a layering mode, the cutting well is expanded into a funnel shape with a large upper part and a small lower part through the trends of the first deep holes, and the first deep holes are split-leakage deep holes.
Preferably, in the step 4), a chamber is arranged in the rock drilling channel, and a second deep hole is arranged from the chamber to the ore body, wherein the second deep hole is a slot-drawing deep hole.
Preferably, a rock loader or a slag raker is adopted for ore removal in each ore removal route.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
all the tunnels required by mining are arranged outside the vein, so that the aim of mining is fulfilled without entering the mine body by personnel and the tunnels. The invention does not need a complex bottom structure, and the groove is pulled by the extravenal horizontal caving method, and the extravenal medium-length hole is subjected to ore falling. The invention has safe and reliable operation; the required mining and cutting engineering amount is small, the cost is relatively low, and special or novel equipment is not required to be added.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section view of the method of extravenous caving mining of a crushed ore body according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a view of the plane a-a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a view of the plane B-B of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a layout of a split-drain deep hole.
Fig. 5 is a layout view of the deep drawing groove.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention. The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
The ore bodies adopted in the embodiment are 25-1 ore bodies and 25-2 ore bodies of the Luojiahe copper ore II, are very broken ore bodies, are difficult to mine by the existing mining method, and have better effect by adopting the extravenal caving method for mining.
1. Occurrence state and mining technical condition of ore body
The Luojia river copper ore II zone is positioned on an F1 fault top tray, the width of the fault in the ore region is 50-100m, the average width is about 80m, the influence range is 100-230m, and the fault is a later-stage fault and has destructive effect on ore bodies and surrounding rocks. According to the recent mineral exploration results of the Luojiahe copper mine, two ore bodies with the number of more than 460m are numbered as 25-1 and 25-2, and the two ore bodies are distributed in a Y shape.
Ore body 25-1: the ore body is an arc-shaped ore body, and is locally bent under the extrusion of east stress to cause the local ore body to be upright. The trend is nearly east-west, nearly parallel to the F1 large fault, the length is nearly 40m, the thickness is 4.2-7.50m, the average is 5.00m, the trend is from south to south, the inclination angle is 80-85 degrees, the part is upright, and the height is about 45 m. The ore body of 25-1 is small in scale, large in inclination angle, broken and soft in lithology, the chassis is close to the F1 large fault, and the roof rock is metamorphic rock but influenced by the fault and is broken.
Ore body 25-2: the mineral is fractured by tensile property, the lithology of the mineral is quartz vein, the mineral runs to 25 degrees in the north east and tends to the south east, the inclination angle is 80-85 degrees, the length of the mineral body is about 45m, the thickness is 3.00-9.00, and the average thickness is 7.00 m. The height is about 35 m. 25-2 ore bodies are small in scale, large in inclination angle, uneven in mineralization, large in hardness and relatively broken, and rock containing lithology is quartz vein, and surrounding rocks at the top and bottom of the ore bodies are all altered rocks and are influenced by F1 faults and relatively broken.
2. Cutting process
1) Layering height: according to the occurrence state and the mining technical conditions of the II ore zone ore body, the ore body can be divided into 4 layers (as shown in figure 1), which are 460m, 466m, 476m and 486m respectively. 460m is a transportation roadway layer and a mine removal access layer, 466m, 476m and 486m layers are rock drilling layers, the highest can reach 496 elevation, the mining height can reach 46m, and the layer completely covers 25-1 and 25-2 ore body occurrence heights.
2) Route arrangement: three ore removal access ways 3 are arranged along the direction of the through veins in the middle ore body footwall of 460m, and the distance between every two ore removal access ways 3 is 8 m. The width of the ore removal route 3 is 3.0 m.
3) Arranging a transport level drift 1, a pedestrian patio 2 and a connecting road 5 outside the vein, and completing by adopting segmented construction; the transportation gallery 1 is arranged along the trend of the vein body; the pedestrian patio 2 is vertically or obliquely arranged from the top to the bottom of the vein body; the transportation gallery 1, the pedestrian raise 2 and the ore removal route 3 are communicated.
4) Arranging three layers of rock drilling channels 4 along the trend of the ore body outside the vein, wherein the three layers of rock drilling channels 4 are arranged from high to low at certain intervals; dividing the ore body into four layers through the rock drilling channel 4; the rock drilling channel 4 is arranged along the outside of the chassis vein of the ore body and is 3m away from the ore body; 25-1 surrounding rock is poor and is arranged outside the chassis vein of the ore body and 5m away from the ore body. The pedestrian courtyard 2 is communicated with the rock drilling channel 4 through a communication channel 5.
5) A cutting well 7, also called a chute, is arranged at one end of the ore removal route 3 adjacent to the ore body: the mine is a well between the ore removal route 3 and the first layer, is arranged in a mine body or a lower plate in each route, has the same width of the section size as that of a roadway of the ore removal route 3, is generally longer than the width and 8m high, and can be constructed by adopting a deep hole one-time well-forming technology if the rock is particularly broken and cannot be constructed. 3 rows of first deep holes 8 are distributed on the top plate of the cutting well 7 to form fan-shaped deep holes, and 1 row of deep holes are distributed on the bottom plate to perform blasting and splitting. Crushing and falling ore bodies of the lowest partial layer at the end part of the ore removal access path 3; the lowermost strata is the ore body between the bottom of the ore body and the lowermost drill way 4, see figure 4.
6) And (3) digging deep hole drilling chambers 6 with the height of 3m and the length of 2.3m multiplied by 2.1m on the corresponding access section of each layered rock drilling channel 4, wherein 13 rows of 3 holes and blasting broachers are distributed in each chamber 6, and refer to fig. 5. Arranging a second deep hole 9 above one layered ore body layer by layer from the chamber 6 of the lowest rock drilling channel 4 for blasting, sequentially blasting and dropping the ore bodies corresponding to the end part of the ore removal access 3 layer by layer from the bottom upwards, cutting and partitioning the whole ore body along the longitudinal direction, and forming ore dropping grooves among the partitioned ore bodies; the second deep hole 9 is located in the same vertical direction as the first deep hole 8.
7) And arranging third deep holes 10 with large discharge surfaces from the rock drill 4 to the ore body layer by layer from the bottom to the top on two sides of the ore falling groove, blasting, crushing the blocked ore body and allowing the blocked ore body to fall through the ore falling grooves on two sides of the blocked ore body. The deep holes of the large discharge surface of each layered rock drilling roadway can be designed according to the conventional method, so that the purpose of ore caving is achieved.
3. Blasting
The blasting work adopts a layered and fractional blasting technology: firstly, adopting a one-time shaft forming technology to blast to form a chute, then blasting and splitting a deep hole, and after the ore is discharged, blasting a slot-drawing deep hole for the third time, and finally blasting the large-row face. In each ore removal route, a small rock loader or a slag raking machine is adopted for ore removal, and each route alternately and evenly removes ore, so that a large amount of waste rocks are prevented from being mixed.
The Luojiahe copper ore adopts an extravenous caving method to mine two small ore bodies of 25-1 and 25-2, thereby obtaining good effect, continuously, safely and comprehensively recovering the ore bodies, and having good technical indexes, the recovery rate reaching 87 percent and the dilution rate of 12 percent. The cost is 63 yuan per ton. Good social and economic benefits are obtained.
The above is a further detailed description of the present invention with reference to specific preferred embodiments, which should not be considered as limiting the invention to the specific embodiments described herein, but rather as a matter of simple derivation or substitution within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims, it will be understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
Claims (8)
1. An extravein caving mining method for broken ore bodies is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) a plurality of drift tunnels are arranged at the bottom of the ore body at certain intervals as ore removal access roads (3); one end of the ore removal inlet passage (3) is adjacent to the ore body;
2) arranging a plurality of layers of rock drilling channels (4) along the trend of the ore body outside the vein, wherein the plurality of layers of rock drilling channels (4) are arranged from high to low at certain intervals; dividing the ore body into a plurality of layers through a rock drilling channel (4);
3) arranging a cutting well (7) at one end of the ore removal route (3) adjacent to the ore body, and blasting by using a first deep hole (8) which is arranged in a layered manner and faces the lowermost part of the ore body freely towards the cutting well (7) so as to crush and drop the ore body at the lowermost part of the layer at the end part of the ore removal route (3); the lowest part layer is an ore body between the bottom of the ore body and the layer of the lowest rock drilling channel (4);
4) arranging a second deep hole (9) for horizontal blasting from the lowermost rock drilling channel (4) corresponding to the ore removal access (3) to one layered ore body layer by layer, sequentially blasting the ore body at the end part of the second deep hole (3) layer by layer from the bottom upwards, partitioning the whole ore body into blocks along a longitudinal cutting groove, and forming an ore falling groove between the partitioned ore bodies;
5) third deep holes (10) are distributed from the rock drilling channels (4) to the ore body layer by layer from the bottom to the top on two sides of the ore falling groove to perform extravenal reserved hole controlled blasting, and the blocked ore body is crushed and falls into the ore removal access (3) through the ore falling grooves on two sides of the blocked ore body.
2. A method of broken ore body extravein caving in mining according to claim 1, characterized in that outside vein there are arranged haulage drifts (1), manways (2) and connecting roads (5); the transportation gallery (1) is arranged along the trend of the vein body; the pedestrian courtyard (2) is vertically or obliquely arranged from the top to the bottom of the vein body; the transportation drift (1), the pedestrian raise (2) and the ore removal access (3) are communicated; the pedestrian courtyard (2) is communicated with the rock drilling channel (4) through a communication channel (5).
3. A method of broken ore body vein external caving mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between two adjacent ore removal routes (3) is 8-10m, and the width of the ore removal route (3) is 2.5-3.0 m.
4. A method of broken ore body extravein caving in mining in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the drill way (4) is 3-5m from the ore body.
5. A method of broken ore body extravein caving mining in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that cutting wells (7) are arranged in the ore body or in the footwall in each ore removal route (3).
6. A method of broken ore body extravein caving mining according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of first deep holes (8) are arranged in layers from the inside of the cutting well (7) to the lowest part of the ore body, the plurality of first deep holes (8) expand the cutting well (7) to a funnel shape with big top and small bottom, and the first deep holes (8) are split deep holes.
7. A method of broken ore extravein caving in mining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that in step 4), a chamber (6) is provided in the rock drilling tunnel (4), a second deep hole (9) is arranged from the chamber (6) to the ore body, and the second deep hole (9) is a slot-drawing deep hole.
8. A method of broken ore body extravein caving mining in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that a rock loader or a crawler loader is used for ore removal in each ore removal route (3).
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| CN202210778678.7A CN114922623A (en) | 2022-07-04 | 2022-07-04 | Extravein caving mining method for broken ore body |
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| CN202210778678.7A CN114922623A (en) | 2022-07-04 | 2022-07-04 | Extravein caving mining method for broken ore body |
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