CN114922605B - Method for compositely opening and branching directional holes of underground coal mine along coal seam - Google Patents
Method for compositely opening and branching directional holes of underground coal mine along coal seam Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/02—Fluid rotary type drives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for compositely opening and branching a directional hole along a coal seam in a coal mine, which comprises the following steps: selecting a first branching point in the formed directional hole according to the obtained directional hole track data and the coal seam inclination angle predicted value, wherein the track data comprises a drilling inclination angle and a drilling azimuth angle; lifting the drill until the drill bit reaches the first branching point selected in the step 1, and retesting the inclination angle and azimuth angle of the drill hole within a preset distance before and after the first branching point, thereby completing the calibration of the first branching point; controlling the rotation speed of the drill rod and the composite rotation speed of the motor to carry out composite directional branch opening drilling at a first branch point, and measuring the inclination angle of the drilled hole after the drilling is carried out to a designated position; and sequentially opening the next branch hole in each opened branch hole until the drilling is carried out to a preset depth, and completing the combined branch opening operation of the directional holes. The invention determines the relation between the rotation speed of the drill rod and the compound rotation speed of the motor in the compound branching drilling of the directional hole along the coal seam in the coal mine, and solves the difficult problem of difficult branching of the directional hole along the coal seam in the coal mine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of directional drilling in a coal mine, in particular to a method and a device for compositely opening and branching directional holes along a coal seam in the coal mine.
Background
The underground directional drilling of the coal mine has the advantages of controllable track of the directional hole, high drilling utilization rate, high drilling precision and the like, is widely applied to various fields of underground gas extraction, water damage prevention and control, geological abnormal body exploration and the like of the coal mine, and achieves remarkable application effects. However, in deep hole directional drilling, the drilling tool pressure is serious, so that directional drilling is difficult, although the track can be controlled to a certain extent by changing the composite drilling parameters, the traditional branch opening technology still depends on the sliding directional drilling technology, in particular the sliding directional branch opening technology, namely, the tool face is adjusted to lead the elbow of the screw motor to be downward, and the continuous grinding of the wall of the lower side of the drill hole under the action of gravity is utilized to open the branch downwards at the lower side of the original drill hole. The sliding directional branch-off technique relies on three aspects: the three aspects of effective weight on bit transmission, stable downward tool surface and uniform feeding speed are difficult to meet in deep hole and ultra-deep hole directional drilling due to the supporting pressure of a drilling tool; and the drilling hole formed by the composite drilling has small bending curvature, smoother drilling hole wall, low pressure of a drilling system, high drilling efficiency and far greater drilling depth than sliding directional drilling.
Therefore, the designer of the invention has the technical defects of sliding directional branching in deep hole drilling and the advantages of compound drilling, and through careful research and design, the experience and achievement of relevant industries are integrated for a long time, and the method and the device for compound branching along the directional hole of the coal seam in the underground coal mine are researched and designed, so that the problem that branching cannot be carried out due to serious supporting pressure in ultra-deep hole drilling is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for compositely opening branches of directional holes along a coal seam in a coal mine, which are easy to operate, can effectively solve the problems of difficult branching and low success rate caused by pressure supporting of a drilling tool in ultra-deep hole drilling, are beneficial to extending the track of the directional holes to the deep part in the coal seam, improve the coal-seeing rate of drilling and realize comprehensive control of large-area gas.
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a method for compositely opening branches of directional holes along a coal seam in a coal mine, which is realized by a compositely opening branch drilling system and comprises the following steps:
step 3, controlling the rotation speed of the drill rod and the compound rotation speed of the motor to carry out compound directional branch opening drilling, and measuring the inclination angle of the drill hole after the drill rod is drilled to a designated position;
wherein, the relation between the drill rod rotating speed and the motor compound rotating speed satisfies the following formula:
wherein:
m is the composite rotation number of the screw motor within half the length of the lower edge of the drill hole cut by the single rotation side cutting edge of the drill bit, the unit is r, and m is more than or equal to 1;
h is the height of the side edge of the drill bit, the unit is m, and h is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.002;
r is the diameter of the drill bit side cutting edge composite sheet, the unit is m, and R is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.015;
v is the drilling speed of the drill rod, the unit is m/h, and v is more than 0 and less than or equal to 12;
n 2 the motor compound rotation speed is rpm, and n is not less than 60 2 ≤180；
If the difference between the drilling inclination angle measured after drilling to the designated position and the drilling inclination angle measured before drilling the composite directional branch is equal to 0 DEG, returning to the step 1, and reselecting the branch point;
if the difference between the measured drilling inclination angle after drilling to the designated position and the drilling inclination angle of the position obtained by the drilling track before the composite directional branch drilling is carried out is smaller than 0.5 degrees, returning to the branching point, and carrying out the composite directional branch drilling again; if the difference of the inclination angles of the drill holes is still smaller than 0.5 degrees after the second time of compound directional branch drilling, returning to the step 1, and reselecting the branch point;
if the difference between the measured drilling inclination angle after drilling to the designated position and the drilling inclination angle at the position obtained by the drilling track before the composite directional branch drilling is carried out is more than or equal to 0.5 degrees, and the propelling force of the drill feeding is continuously increased in the pump-off state, continuously controlling the rotating speed of the drill rod and the composite rotating speed of the motor to carry out the composite directional branch drilling for 100-150 m, stopping drilling, and completing the construction of the first branch hole;
step 4, repeating the steps 1 to 3, completing the selection of a second branch point and the compound directional branch drilling in the first branch hole, and opening a second branch hole; finishing the selection of a third branch point and the compound directional branch drilling in the second branch hole, and opening the third branch hole; and by analogy, sequentially opening the next branch hole in each opened branch hole until the drilling is performed to a preset depth, and completing the combined branch opening operation of the directional holes.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
specifically, the selection criteria of the branching point described in step 1 are: the branching point is positioned at a position where the inclination angle of the drilling hole is increased, and the deviation between the inclination angle of the drilling hole and the predicted value of the inclination angle of the coal bed is less than or equal to 5 degrees.
Further, when the drilling inclination angle of the branching point is larger than the coal seam inclination angle predicted value, the vertical distance between the branching point and the coal-rock boundary line of the coal seam bottom plate is larger than 0.5m; when the drilling inclination angle of the branching point is smaller than or equal to the coal seam inclination angle predicted value, the vertical distance between the branching point and the coal-rock boundary line of the coal seam bottom plate is larger than or equal to 1m.
Further, the predetermined distance in step 2 is 6m.
Further, the distance between the specified position and the branching point in the step 3 is 6m.
Further, the compound branch drilling system comprises a single-bending screw motor, wherein the upper end of the single-bending screw motor is connected with a measurement-while-drilling probe, the lower end of the single-bending screw motor is connected with a pilot bit, the pilot bit comprises a bit body, a cutting blade and a cutting tooth are arranged on the bit body, and a side cutting edge is arranged on the cutting tooth;
the number of the cutting blades is four, the included angle between every two adjacent cutting blades is 90 degrees, and the height of the side outlet edge is 1-2 mm.
Further, the included angle between the gage surface of the cutting blade and the central axis of the drill body is 4.31 degrees.
Still further, the single-turn screw motor is a 1.5 ° single-turn screw motor.
Further, PDC composite sheet wear-resistant particles are inlaid on the outer surfaces of the cutting blades.
The invention has the following effects:
the method determines the relation between the rotating speed of the drill rod and the composite rotating speed of the motor in the composite branch drilling of the directional hole along the coal seam in the coal mine, solves the difficult problem of difficult directional branch drilling caused by serious supporting pressure of the drilling tool by matching the rotating speed of the drill rod and the composite rotating speed of the motor, leads the track of the directional hole to extend to deeper stratum, and realizes the comprehensive control of the gas in a large area; the branching operation is not limited by the drilling depth any more, so that the directional hole track extends to deeper stratum, and the comprehensive control of large-area gas, cost reduction and synergy are realized.
The details of the present invention can be found in the following description and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain, but do not limit the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a pilot bit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a single turn screw motor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a compound split-branch down-dip cutting process of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the first stage hole bottom morphology of the solid shot of application example 1;
FIG. 6 shows the hole bottom morphology of the second stage of the solid photographing in application example 1;
FIG. 7 shows a third stage hole bottom morphology of the solid shot of application example 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the maximum open branch depth of the method of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-single bend screw motor, 2-pilot bit, 21-bit body, 211-cutting blade, 212-cutting tooth.
Detailed Description
The following specific embodiments of the present invention are given according to the above technical solutions, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "comprising," "including," and "having" are intended to be inclusive. In addition, it should be understood that the positional relationship indicated by the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", etc. are based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Technical terms involved in the present invention are explained as follows:
drilling inclination angle: and an included angle between a tangent line of a certain point on the drilling axis along the extending direction of the axis and the horizontal projection of the tangent line.
Drilling azimuth angle: generally referred to as the azimuth of the borehole, from the north magnetic direction, clockwise to the axis of the borehole, and the angle subtended by the projection onto the horizontal.
Inclination angle of coal seam: and an included angle between the coal seam layer surface and the horizontal plane.
Gage surface: is hard alloy welded or embedded on the outer side of the drill bit.
Composite directional branch drilling: the drilling is completed by pushing a drill rod to drill by a drilling machine and driving a drill bit to rotate by a motor.
Example 1:
the technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a method for compositely opening and branching a directional hole of a coal seam along the coal mine, which comprises the following steps of:
the directional hole track measurement is carried out in the drilling process, drilling data are collected through a measurement while drilling device used in the drilling process, namely, measurement is carried out at intervals, so that the hole depth, the drilling inclination angle and the drilling azimuth angle of each measurement point are obtained, the drilling inclination angle can be collected through a triaxial acceleration sensor, and the drilling azimuth angle is collected through a triaxial magnetic field sensor.
The predicted value of the coal seam inclination angle is obtained according to stratum trend disclosed in the working face gateway tunneling process or a coal-rock interface height connecting line obtained by two branch opening detection.
In the formed directional holes, the point that the increase value of the drilling inclination angle is more than or equal to 0.6 degrees and the deviation of the drilling inclination angle and the predicted value of the coal seam inclination angle is less than or equal to 5 degrees is preferable when the hole depth is increased by 3m, so that the problem that after a branch hole is opened, the local hole Duan Guiji is seriously bent due to the fact that the track deviation is corrected by continuously utilizing sliding deflecting drilling is avoided, and finally the transmission of drilling power is influenced. Meanwhile, the lithology condition of the stratum where the branching point is located is considered, and the softer the stratum is, the shorter the time for branching off is.
In the coal seam, the hole section is preferably positioned at the middle position of the top and bottom plates of the coal seam, so that the selected branching point is prevented from being close to the coal-rock dividing line:
when the drilling inclination angle of the branching point is larger than the coal seam inclination angle predicted value, the vertical distance between the branching point and the coal-rock boundary line of the coal seam bottom plate is larger than 0.5m;
when the drilling inclination angle of the branching point is smaller than or equal to the coal seam inclination angle predicted value, the vertical distance between the branching point and the coal-rock boundary of the coal seam bottom plate is larger than or equal to 1m, so that the directional hole track after the branching point is opened is prevented from rapidly entering the coal-rock boundary;
in the process of compound branching of directional holes along the coal seam, compound drilling is carried out at relatively higher rotating speed and lower drilling speed, the more and better the grinding times of the inner wall of a drilled hole in unit length are, the ratio of the downward cutting displacement of a drill bit to the forward footage can be improved by reducing the drilling speed and improving the rotation of a drill rod, and therefore the purposes of reducing the inclination angle of the drilled hole and creating steps are achieved. In this embodiment, the rotational speed of the screw motor at which the composite rotational speed is equal to or higher than 90r/min is defined as a higher rotational speed (the rotational speed is not set to an upper limit, and the highest upper limit rotational speed of the existing drill rod is generally set to the highest value), and the drilling speed is less than 0.05m/min and is defined as a lower drilling speed. The drilling tool has the advantages that the drilling cuttings formed by composite drilling is small in quantity and small in grain size under the action of flushing fluid, the bottom of the hole can be kept clean, no drilling cuttings are accumulated, and the side outlet edge can cut coal and rock mass at the lower edge of the hole wall under the combined action of gravity and centrifugal force.
Step 3, controlling the rotation speed of the drill rod and the composite rotation speed of the motor to carry out composite directional branch opening drilling at a first branch point, and measuring the inclination angle of the drilled hole after the drilling is carried out to a designated position;
as shown in fig. 4, in order to ensure a good cutting effect, the drill should be advanced by a distance not greater than half the length l of the lower edge of the drill cut by the side cutting edge of a single rotation of the drill, that is, the number of rotations of the drill is not less than 1 in the time required for cutting the lower edge of the drill by the side cutting edge of a single rotation of the drill, as shown in fig. 5,
wherein, the relation between the rotating speed of the drill rod and the compound rotating speed of the motor is determined by the following formula:
wherein:
m is the composite rotation number of the screw motor within half the length of the lower edge of the drill hole cut by the single rotation side cutting edge of the drill bit, the unit is r, and m is more than or equal to 1;
h is the height of the side edge of the drill bit, and the unit is m, and h is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.002;
r is the diameter of the drill bit side cutting edge composite sheet, the unit is m, and R is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.015;
v is the drilling speed of the drill rod, and the unit is m/h, v is more than 0 and less than or equal to 12;
n 2 the motor compound rotation speed is rpm, and n is not less than 60 2 ≤180。
If the difference between the drilling inclination angle measured after drilling to the designated position and the drilling inclination angle measured before drilling the composite directional branch is equal to 0 DEG, returning to the step 1, and reselecting the branch point;
if the difference between the measured drilling inclination angle after drilling to the designated position and the drilling inclination angle of the position obtained by the drilling track before the composite directional branch drilling is carried out is smaller than 0.5 degrees, returning to the branching point, and carrying out the composite directional branch drilling again; if the difference of the inclination angles of the drill holes is still smaller than 0.5 degrees after the second time of compound directional branch drilling, returning to the step 1, and reselecting the branch point;
if the difference between the measured drilling inclination angle after drilling to the designated position and the drilling inclination angle at the position obtained through the drilling track before the composite directional branch opening drilling is carried out is more than or equal to 0.5 degrees, and the propelling force of the drill feeding is continuously increased in the pump closing state, continuously controlling the rotating speed of the drill rod and the composite rotating speed of the motor to carry out the composite directional branch opening drilling;
step 4, repeating the steps 1 to 3, finishing the selection of the second branch point and the compound directional branch drilling in the first branch hole, and cutting out the second branch hole; finishing the selection of a third branch point and the compound directional branch drilling in the second branch hole, and opening the third branch hole; and by analogy, sequentially opening the next branch hole in each opened branch hole until the drilling is performed to a preset depth, and completing the combined branch opening operation of the directional holes.
As a preferable mode of this embodiment, the predetermined distance in step 2 is 6m.
As a preferable mode of this embodiment, the distance between the specified position and the branching point in step 3 is 6m. In other schemes, the distance between the designated position and the branching point is 4m or 8m.
In actual drilling operation, the composite rotating speed of the motor should be as high as possible, and the drilling speed of the drill rod should be as low as possible, so as to ensure that the critical value of m more than or equal to 1 in the formula is met.
In the process of compound drilling and branching, the elbow orientation of the single-rod screw motor is periodically changed in the rotating process of the drilling tool, when the tool face angle rotates to an interval of (90-270 degrees), the side outlet edge of the drilling bit can cut the coal rock body at the lower edge of the hole wall while the front surface of the pilot bit cuts the coal rock body at the bottom of the hole, so that the uniform drilling speed and the uniform rotating speed of the drilling bit are maintained.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, as a preferred solution of the present embodiment, the compound branching drilling system includes a single-bending screw motor 1, an upper end of the single-bending screw motor 1 is connected with a measurement while drilling probe, a lower end of the single-bending screw motor is connected with a pilot bit 2, the pilot bit 2 includes a bit body 21, a cutting blade 211 and a cutting tooth 212 are disposed on the bit body 21, and a side cutting edge is disposed on the cutting tooth 212.
In other embodiments, the existing drilling tool assembly that can be used for directional branching may be used, for example, the downhole compound drilling control drilling inclination device for coal mine disclosed in patent application CN 202110360586.2.
As a preferred aspect of this embodiment, the gage surface of the cutting blade 211 is at an angle of 4.31 ° to the central axis of the bit body.
The number of the cutting blades 211 is four, the included angle between the adjacent cutting blades 211 is 90 degrees, the diameter R of the side-out blade composite blade is 13.44mm, the height of the side-out blade is 1mm, and the value m is 1, so that n can be calculated according to the above formula 2 =0.21 v, thereby obtaining the matching relation between the motor composite rotation speed and the drill rod drilling speed in the composite branch drillingThe following are provided:
TABLE 1 relation between motor compound rotation speed and drill rod drilling rate
In table 1, the drilling speed of the drill rod is the critical drilling speed of drilling at the current motor compound rotating speed, and in the actual operation process, the lower the drilling speed is, the higher the success rate of compound branch opening is.
And (3) controlling the rotation speed of the drill rod and the compound rotation speed of the motor according to the numerical values in the table 1, carrying out compound directional drilling of the branch hole, and stopping drilling after the branch hole drills to the designed depth or passes through the target stratum.
Application example 1:
the application example adopts the method disclosed in the embodiment 1, in the application example, a ZDY12000LD high-power directional drilling machine, a BYL390/12 mud pump truck, a phi 89mm center cable drill rod, an external spiral non-magnetic drill rod, a YHD3-1500 wireless mud pulse measurement while drilling system, a phi 120mm four-wing flat bottom directional drill bit 2, a phi 89mm, a 1.5 DEG single-bending hydraulic pressurizing screw motor and a screw motor with a spiral phi 116mm centralizer are adopted.
Since 1.5 ° screw motors have a deflecting capability greater than 1.25 ° screw motors, and 1.75 ° and above screw motors are not suitable for fast rotary drilling, 1.5 ° single-turn hydraulic pressurizing screw motors are preferred in this application example; the upper end of the single-bending hydraulic pressurizing screw motor is connected with a measurement while drilling probe, and the lower end is connected with a pilot bit 2; the length between the elbow and the drill bit of the single-bending screw motor is slightly longer than that of a common single-bending screw motor, which is beneficial to enhancing the deflecting capability of the screw motor.
The pilot bit 2 comprises a bit body 21, cutting blades 211 and cutting teeth 212 are arranged on the bit body, PDC composite sheet wear-resistant particles are inlaid on the outer sides of the cutting blades 211, the wear resistance and the gage capacity of a bit matrix are enhanced, side cutting edges are arranged on the cutting teeth 212, and the height of the side cutting edges is 2mm.
The cutting blades 212 are four, and the four cutting blades 212 are arranged at an included angle of 90 degrees.
The end face of pilot bit 2 is flat bottomed or concave in shape.
The gage surface of cutting blade 212 is at an angle of 4.31 ° to the central axis of the bit body.
The outside of the bent angle of the single-bending screw motor 1 is provided with a gasket, so that the deflecting capability of the screw drilling tool is enhanced.
The specific use process of the device comprises the following steps: test sites were selected to complete a drilling with a measurement depth of up to 24m, and the directional hole track parameters are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Directional hole trajectory parameters
In the formed directional hole, branch points are selected for branch opening operation according to the method step 1 disclosed in the embodiment 1, in order to visually verify the branch opening process of the composite drilling, the drilling is divided into three stages, after each stage is completed, the drilling is lifted up and is put into a drilling peeping instrument for observation, the position 15m away from the hole opening, the inclination angle is 3.5 degrees, is selected as the branch point, and the drilling parameters in the branch opening drilling process are shown in table 3.
In order to ensure that the composite rotating speed of the screw motor is constant in the composite branching process, the same feeding pressure, drill rod rotating speed and slurry pump pressure are adopted in the test.
TABLE 3 drilling parameters for the composite open branch procedure
Fig. 5 shows the bottom pattern of the drilled hole after the first stage drilling length of 1m. As can be seen from the figure, after the compound branching operation is carried out by adopting compound drilling at the drilling speed of the drill rod of 0.025m/min, a crescent step which is close to 1/4 of the area of the end face of the drill bit is formed at the bottom of the hole due to the lateral cutting of the drill bit.
Fig. 6 shows the bottom pattern of the drilled hole after the second stage drilling length of 1.5 m. It can be seen that the crescent steps at the bottom of the hole are enlarged to approximately 3/5 of the area of the end face of the drill bit after the composite branching operation is carried out by adopting composite drilling at the drilling speed of the drill rod of 0.039 m/min.
Fig. 7 shows the bottom pattern of the drilled hole after the third stage drilling length of 3.5 m. In the figure, it can be seen that after the composite branching operation is performed by adopting the composite drilling at the drilling speed of the drill rod of 0.109m/min, the hole bottom step is enlarged to be close to the area of the end face of the drill bit of 2/3.
As can be seen from fig. 5, 6 and 7, in this application example, the method for opening the branch by using the present invention forms gradually enlarged steps at the bottom of the hole, and finally completes the construction of the branch hole.
Application example 2:
in this application example, the method in example 1 is used to perform a field test on a baodia mine, the working surface where the test drill holes are located is located in two areas of the baodia mine, as shown in fig. 8, the area between virtual lines in fig. 8 represents a coal seam, the average thickness of the coal seam is 18m, the roadway spacing on two sides of the area exceeds 3300m, in order to ensure that the drill holes pass through the roadway on two sides of the area, the drilling rate of the coal seam of the drill holes must be ensured to be 100%, and the directional hole track is smoother, so as to reduce drilling friction.
Because the inclination angle trend of the coal bed is unknown, roof penetrating is needed to be carried out once every 80-150 m in the construction process, then the inclination angle of the coal bed is predicted approximately according to the height of a coal-rock interface of the continuous roof penetrating twice, after roof penetrating, a branch point is selected at a proper position, and drilling is carried out along the coal bed through compound directional branch opening.
In the application example, the method for compositely opening and branching the directional hole of the coal mine underground along the coal seam disclosed by the invention is adopted, the rotation speed of a drill rod is determined to be 60rpm, the pressure of a slurry pump is determined to be 10MPa, the composited rotation speed of a motor is determined to be about 140rpm, the drilling speed of the drill rod is 0.05m/min, branching holes are formed in 2424m, 2832m, 3036m and 3198m, and all the branching holes are successful once, so that the drilling track extending along the coal seam shown in fig. 8 is finally obtained.
In theory, the composite drilling branching operation is not limited in drilling depth by adopting the composite drilling branching method and the matched drilling tool assembly, and any position can be selected for branching operation.
Comparative example 1
The existing drilling method is adopted to carry out field test on a certain mine, because the maximum propelling force of the existing underground high-power directional drilling machine for the coal mine is about 30kN, in the ultra-long directional drilling construction process, after the hole depth exceeds 2000m, the sliding drilling resistance rises up in an accelerating way and quickly approaches the limit of the capacity of the drilling machine, and because the pressure in the hole is supported, the feeding speed of the drill bit is not uniform, and the difficulty of sidetrack drilling and branching is caused.
In the test, the sliding drilling branch opening method is adopted for drilling in the front 2000m, the forward and reverse torsion sliding drilling mode is adopted for drilling in 2000-2100 m, and the forward and reverse torsion sliding drilling is adopted for successfully opening branch holes in 2076m, but after the drilling depth reaches 2100m, the pressure of the drilling tool in the holes is supported, although the pure sliding drilling and the forward and reverse torsion sliding drilling branch opening method are adopted for carrying out multiple tests, the branch opening is unsuccessful, and the success rate is 0.
It is to be clearly understood that the above description and illustration is made only by way of example and not as a limitation on the disclosure, application or use of the invention. Although embodiments have been described in the embodiments and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the invention is not limited to the specific examples illustrated by the drawings and described in the embodiments as the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the teachings of the invention, and the scope of the invention will include any embodiments falling within the foregoing specification and the appended claims.
The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.
In addition, the specific features described in the foregoing embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure does not further describe various possible combinations.
Moreover, any combination between the various embodiments of the present disclosure is possible as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure, which should also be construed as the disclosure of the present disclosure.
Claims (9)
1. The method for compositely opening and branching the directional hole of the coal seam along the underground coal mine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, acquiring directional hole track data and a coal seam dip angle predicted value of a coal seam where the directional hole is located, and selecting a first branching point in the formed directional hole according to the acquired directional hole track data and the coal seam dip angle predicted value, wherein the track data comprises a drilling dip angle and a drilling azimuth angle;
step 2, lifting the drill until the drill bit reaches the first branching point selected in the step 1, and retesting the inclination angle and azimuth angle of the drill hole within a preset distance before and after the first branching point, thereby completing the calibration of the first branching point;
step 3, controlling the rotation speed of the drill rod and the composite rotation speed of the motor to carry out composite directional branch opening drilling at a first branch point, and measuring the inclination angle of the drilled hole after the drilling is carried out to a designated position;
wherein, the relation between the drill rod rotating speed and the motor compound rotating speed satisfies the following formula:
wherein:
m is the composite rotation number of the screw motor within half the length of the lower edge of the drill hole cut by the single rotation side cutting edge of the drill bit, the unit is r, and m is more than or equal to 1;
h is the height of the side edge of the drill bit, the unit is m, and h is more than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.002;
r is the diameter of the drill bit side cutting edge composite sheet, the unit is m, and R is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.015;
v is the drilling speed of the drill rod, the unit is m/h, and v is more than 0 and less than or equal to 12;
n2 is the compound rotation speed of the motor, the unit is rpm, and n2 is more than or equal to 60 and less than or equal to 180;
if the difference between the drilling inclination angle measured after drilling to the designated position and the drilling inclination angle measured before drilling the composite directional branch is equal to 0 DEG, returning to the step 1, and reselecting the branch point;
if the difference between the measured drilling inclination angle after drilling to the designated position and the drilling inclination angle of the position obtained by the drilling track before the composite directional branch drilling is carried out is smaller than 0.5 degrees, returning to the branching point, and carrying out the composite directional branch drilling again; if the difference of the inclination angles of the drill holes is still smaller than 0.5 degrees after the second time of compound directional branch drilling, returning to the step 1, and reselecting the branch point;
if the difference between the measured drilling inclination angle after drilling to the designated position and the drilling inclination angle at the position obtained by the drilling track before the composite directional branch drilling is carried out is more than or equal to 0.5 degrees, and the propelling force of the drill feeding is continuously increased in the pump-off state, continuously controlling the rotating speed of the drill rod and the composite rotating speed of the motor to carry out the composite directional branch drilling for 100-150 m, stopping drilling, and completing the construction of the first branch hole;
step 4, repeating the steps 1 to 3, completing the selection of a second branch point and the compound directional branch drilling in the first branch hole, and opening a second branch hole; finishing the selection of a third branch point and the compound directional branch drilling in the second branch hole, and opening the third branch hole; and by analogy, sequentially opening the next branch hole in each opened branch hole until the drilling is performed to a preset depth, and completing the combined branch opening operation of the directional holes.
2. A method for compositely opening and branching directional holes in coal seam in underground coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the steps of
1 satisfies the following condition: when the hole depth is increased by 3m, the increase value of the drilling inclination angle is more than or equal to 0.6 degrees, and the deviation of the drilling inclination angle and the coal seam inclination angle predicted value is less than or equal to 5 degrees.
3. A method of branching a coal mine down-hole coal seam directional hole complex as claimed in claim 2, wherein the branching point is selected to also satisfy the following conditions: when the drilling inclination angle of the branching point is larger than the coal seam inclination angle predicted value, the vertical distance between the branching point and the coal-rock boundary line of the coal seam bottom plate is larger than 0.5m; when the drilling inclination angle of the branching point is smaller than or equal to the coal seam inclination angle predicted value, the vertical distance between the branching point and the coal-rock boundary line of the coal seam bottom plate is larger than or equal to 1m.
4. A method of multiple splitting of directional holes in a coal seam downhole in a coal mine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the predetermined distance in step 2 is 6m.
5. A method of branching a coal mine underground coal seam directional hole in combination as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between the specified position in step 3 and the branching point is 6m.
6. The method for compositely opening and branching a directional hole of a coal seam in a coal mine underground as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system for compositely opening and branching drilling comprises a single-bending screw motor (1), the upper end of the single-bending screw motor (1) is connected with a measurement-while-drilling probe, the lower end of the single-bending screw motor is connected with a directional drill bit (2), the directional drill bit (2) comprises a drill bit body (21), a cutting blade (211) and a cutting tooth (212) are arranged on the drill bit body (21), and a side outlet edge is arranged on the cutting tooth (212);
the number of the cutting blades (211) is four, the included angle between every two adjacent cutting blades (211) is 90 degrees, and the height of the side outlet edge is 1-2 mm.
7. A method of multiple branching of a coal mine down-hole directional hole as claimed in claim 6, wherein the gage surface (a) of the cutting blade (211) is at an angle of 4.31 ° to the central axis of the bit body.
8. A method of combined branching of directional holes in coal seams downhole in coal mines as claimed in claim 6, wherein said single bend screw motor (1) is a 1.5 ° single bend screw motor.
9. A method of composite branching of directional holes in coal seams in a coal mine as claimed in claim 6, wherein said cutting blades (211) have PDC composite wear resistant particles embedded on their outer surfaces.
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