CN114920507A - Tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
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- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
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- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/243—Mixtures thereof with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators
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- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
- C04B7/246—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from waste building materials, e.g. waste asbestos-cement products, demolition waste
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: aluminum-silicon powder: 180-300 parts; nano-cellulose solution: 30-56 parts; one-component polyurea resin: 4-8 parts; alkali activator: 140 portions and 330 portions. The invention utilizes the ternary interpenetrating polymer network obtained by the synergistic reaction of the nano-cellulose, the polyurea and the geopolymer, and is beneficial to improving the mechanical property, the durability and other properties of the ecological plate. The main raw materials used by the tough and clean aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate are environment-friendly and nontoxic, have rich sources, low price and excellent performance, and ensure low cost, high strength and extremely high cost performance of the geopolymer-based ecological plate. The tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate is ecological, environment-friendly, free of formaldehyde and harmless, has a formaldehyde-removing function, and has excellent mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, heat insulation and heat preservation performance, and good water resistance and corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of building decoration materials, and particularly relates to a geopolymer-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The geopolymer is one of the most potential substitutes of ordinary portland cement, has the outstanding advantages of low production cost, simple and convenient preparation process, low carbon, environmental protection, early strength, quick hardening, fire resistance, heat insulation, water resistance, moisture resistance, radiation resistance and the like, and has wide application prospect in the field of building and decoration materials. However, geopolymers have the defect of high brittleness, and various fiber materials are generally compounded with geopolymers in order to improve the toughness of the geopolymers, wherein the geopolymers toughened by plant fibers have extremely high ecological advantages and environmental protection value. At present, the technology of preparing composite boards such as fiber boards, shaving boards and the like by utilizing geopolymers is available in the building material industry.
However, the prior art is still lack of technical reports on the combined modification treatment of geopolymer matrix and fibers. As is known, geopolymer is an inorganic gelled material, plant fiber is a natural organic polymer, and the problem of poor interface compatibility exists between a strong-alkaline inorganic matrix and an organic fiber material, which easily causes important defects of low mechanical strength, poor use durability and the like of geopolymer-based composite boards, and limits the practical application of the composite boards.
In recent years, a new board called "ecological board" has appeared on the market of building decoration materials, which is a decorative board made by coating a layer of impregnated adhesive paper on the surface of a base material of a core board, a plywood, a particle board or a fiber board and hot-pressing, and is also called a paint-free board or a melamine board, and most of these products are called "ecological" and "environmental friendly", and some products clearly show that the formaldehyde emission reaches the level of E0, but actually, the board is not zero formaldehyde. Most of adhesives used for preparing the plate are aldehyde-containing adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin and melamine formaldehyde resin. During the production and use process, toxic substances such as formaldehyde and the like are inevitably released, the release period is as long as 15 years, and serious harm is caused to the environment and health.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a geopolymer-based ecological plate with good mechanical properties, good weather resistance and less formaldehyde emission and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects and defects in the background technology, and provide a tough and clean aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate which is ecological, environment-friendly, free of aldehyde, harmless, excellent in mechanical property and weather resistance, and a preparation method thereof. In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
aluminum-silicon powder: 180-300 parts;
nano-cellulose solution: 30-56 parts;
one-component polyurea resin: 4-8 parts;
alkali activator: 140 portions and 330 portions.
In the tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate, preferably, the aluminum-silicon powder comprises one or more of metakaolin, fly ash, blast furnace slag or waste brick powder; the granularity range of the aluminum-silicon powder is 1-100 mu m.
In the above-mentioned tough neat aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate, preferably, the alkali activator is one or a combination of sodium water glass with a modulus of 1-2 and potassium water glass with a modulus of 1-2.
In the tough aldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate, the nano-cellulose solution is preferably a nano-cellulose aqueous dispersion with a mass concentration of 0.5-1.5%.
In the tough aldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological board, preferably, the raw material further comprises 27-45 parts of modified plant fiber and 1-7 parts of waste mask scraps.
In the above ecological plate based on polymer with obovate and clean aldehyde, preferably, the modified plant fiber is a plant fiber which is subjected to combined coating treatment by nano clay and silane coupling agent; the combined coating treatment is to spray the silane coupling agent on the surface of the plant fiber uniformly and then blend the plant fiber with the nano clay. Based on better interface compatibility consideration, the nano-clay and the silane coupling agent are cooperatively modified, the silane coupling agent can play a bridging role between the plant fiber and the inorganic matrix, and the nano-clay and the aluminum-silicon powder have good compatibility and can play a role in protecting the surface of the plant fiber. The modified plant fiber after combined coating treatment has better compatibility with the nanocellulose-geopolymer-polyurea ternary interpenetrating polymer network.
In the above-mentioned tough neat aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate, preferably, the nano clay includes one or more of montmorillonite, kaolin or vermiculite powder; the silane coupling agent is one or more of KH550, Z-6020 or A151; the plant fiber is one or more of wood fiber, bamboo fiber, hemp fiber, reed fiber, crop straw fiber, coconut fiber or oil palm fiber with the length of 0.2-150 mm.
In the tough aldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate, preferably, the waste mask scraps are obtained by crushing and microwave treatment of waste masks with ear bands and nose bridge strips removed, and the size of the waste mask scraps is controlled to be less than 5 mm. The above dimensions are determined by screening with a screen. Since the outbreak of new coronavirus, a great deal of medical waste such as disposable masks has caused more serious environmental pollution problems. The waste disposable mask is crushed and subjected to microwave treatment and then is added into the geopolymer matrix, so that the geopolymer can be strengthened, the disposable mask can be recycled, and the purpose of achieving multiple purposes is achieved. The waste mask is crushed and subjected to microwave treatment, so that the surface energy of polypropylene can be increased, the sterilization purpose is achieved, and the polypropylene is easy to disperse in a geopolymer matrix to achieve the enhancement effect.
As a general technical concept, the invention also provides a preparation method of the geopolymer-based ecological plate for strengthening and purifying aldehyde, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 30-56 parts by weight of nano cellulose solution, 4-8 parts by weight of single-component polyurea resin and 140-330 parts by weight of alkali activator, adding 180-300 parts by weight of aluminum-silicon powder, and stirring and mixing to obtain modified geopolymer slurry;
(2) adding 27-45 parts by weight of modified plant fiber and 1-7 parts by weight of waste mask scraps into the modified geopolymer slurry, and stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry;
(3) and transferring the mixed slurry into a mold, paving and leveling, locking the mold, then placing the mold on an artificial board hot press for pressing, unloading the board, and maintaining to obtain the tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological board.
In the preparation method, preferably, the pressure is controlled to be 2.0-5.0MPa during pressing, the temperature is controlled to be room temperature-85 ℃, the pressing time is controlled to be 12-24h, and the curing is carried out at room temperature to 28 days of age during curing.
The invention forms a nano-cellulose-geopolymer-polyurea ternary interpenetrating polymer network through geopolymerization in an alkali-activated environment containing nano-cellulose and polyurea so as to be used for carrying out chemical toughening treatment on a geopolymer matrix. The flexible macromolecule of the nano-cellulose not only can enhance the toughness of the geopolymer, but also can play a role in internal curing of the geopolymer, and reduce the dry shrinkage rate and cracks of the geopolymer. The polyurea resin has excellent flexibility and impact resistance, and can obviously improve the strength and toughness of the geopolymer. The addition of the modified plant fiber and the waste mask scraps (the main material is polypropylene) can physically toughen the geopolymer matrix and is beneficial to reducing the density of the geopolymer. The invention utilizes the ternary interpenetrating polymer network obtained by the synergistic reaction of the nano-cellulose, the polyurea and the geopolymer, and is beneficial to improving the mechanical property, the durability and other properties of the ecological plate. In addition, the ternary interpenetrating polymer network has better coordination effect with the modified plant fiber, and is more favorable for improving the comprehensive performance of the ecological plate. The method for carrying out combined treatment on the geopolymer matrix and the fiber material can greatly improve the interface performance, the mechanical strength and the durability of the composite material.
Compared with other plant fiber reinforced geopolymer composite boards, the matrix modification method and the reinforced material treatment technology are advanced, the matrix is subjected to physical reinforcement, toughening and lightweight by using plant fibers and waste masks while being subjected to chemical toughening, and the geopolymer-based ecological board has rich zeolite-like microporous structures, has the outstanding advantages of toughness, formaldehyde removal and stable forming technology while being truly ecological and environment-friendly. On the whole, the plate disclosed by the invention solves the key problems of insufficient strength and toughness and poor durability of a plant fiber geopolymer composite material, is really ecological and environment-friendly, has no aldehyde and no harm, has an aldehyde purifying function, and simultaneously has excellent mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, heat insulation and preservation performance, and good water resistance and corrosion resistance; the forming process is simple and easy to operate, has low energy consumption, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention utilizes the ternary interpenetrating polymer network obtained by the synergistic reaction of the nano-cellulose, the polyurea and the geopolymer, and is beneficial to improving the mechanical property, the durability and other properties of the ecological plate.
2. The main raw materials used by the tough and clean aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate are all environment-friendly and nontoxic, have rich sources, low price and excellent performance, and ensure low cost, high strength and extremely high cost performance of the geopolymer-based ecological plate.
3. The tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate is ecological, environment-friendly, free of formaldehyde and harmless, has a formaldehyde-removing function, and has excellent mechanical strength, high temperature resistance, heat insulation and heat preservation performance, and good water resistance and corrosion resistance.
4. The preparation method of the tough and clean aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate is simple and easy to operate, low in energy consumption, various in size specification, capable of meeting application requirements of different occasions, and suitable for industrial popularization and production application.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically indicated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods. The limitations of the various materials or concentrations of the materials used in the following examples may be applied to other types or parameters as long as they meet the requirements, and only a few examples are possible in the examples.
Example 1:
a tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
aluminum-silicon powder: 180 parts of a binder;
nano-cellulose solution: 30 parts of (1);
one-component polyurea resin: 4 parts;
alkali activator: 140 parts of a binder;
modifying plant fibers: 27 parts of (1);
scrap of the waste mask: 1 part.
The aluminum-silicon powder is prepared from metakaolin and fly ash according to the mass ratio of 1: 0.45. The modified plant fiber is bamboo fiber subjected to combined coating treatment by nano clay and silane coupling agent, and is specifically obtained by uniformly spraying KH550 on the surface of the bamboo fiber and then blending with nano montmorillonite. The one-component polyurea resin is an economical one-component polyurea resin (JR001) produced by Guangzhou Garui composite Co. The alkali activator is sodium water glass with modulus of 1-2. The nano-cellulose solution is nano-cellulose water dispersion with the mass concentration of 1%.
The preparation method of the tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 30 parts of nano cellulose solution with the concentration of 0.5%, 4 parts of single-component polyurea resin and 140 parts of alkali activator, and adding 180 parts of a mixture of 1: 0.45 of metakaolin and fly ash mixed powder, and stirring and mixing for 1min to obtain the modified geopolymer slurry. Then 27 parts of bamboo fiber which is jointly coated by montmorillonite and silane coupling agent KH550 is coated withAdding 1 part of waste disposable medical mask scraps (the size is less than 5mm) into the modified geopolymer slurry, and stirring for 1min to obtain mixed slurry. Transferring the mixed slurry into a mold, paving and leveling the mixed slurry, locking the mold for 3h, then placing the mold on an artificial board hot press, pressing the mold for 24h at room temperature under the pressure of 2.0MPa, unloading the mold, continuing to maintain the mold at room temperature to 28 days of age, and obtaining the mixed slurry with the density of 1.576g/cm after sawing and cutting edges 3 The geopolymer-based ecological plate.
The geopolymer-based ecological plate is subjected to performance detection, the static bending strength, the elastic modulus, the internal bonding strength and the water absorption thickness expansion rate are tested according to GB/T17657-2013 test methods for physical and chemical properties of artificial plates and veneers, and the values are respectively 18.31MPa, 4974MPa, 1.92MPa and 0.75 percent, so that the geopolymer-based ecological plate reaches the standard of superior products. The formaldehyde purification performance is detected according to QB/T2761-2006 method for measuring the purification effect of indoor air purification products, and the formaldehyde removal rate is 71.47 percent.
Example 2:
a tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
aluminum-silicon powder: 250 parts of (A);
nano-cellulose solution: 42 parts of a binder;
one-component polyurea resin: 6 parts of (1);
alkali activator: 240 parts of a mixture;
modified plant fiber: 36 parts of (A);
scrap of the waste mask: 4 parts of the raw materials.
The aluminum-silicon powder is prepared from slag and waste brick powder in a mass ratio of 1: 1. The modified plant fiber is rice straw fiber which is subjected to combined coating treatment by nano clay and silane coupling agent, and is specifically obtained by uniformly spraying Z-6020 on the surface of the rice straw fiber and then blending with nano vermiculite powder. The one-component polyurea resin is an economical one-component polyurea resin (JR001) produced by Guangzhou Garui composite Co. The alkali activator is sodium water glass with modulus of 1-2. The nano-cellulose solution is nano-cellulose water dispersion with the mass concentration of 1%.
The preparation method of the tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate comprises the following steps:
will 42Uniformly mixing 1.0% of nano cellulose solution, 6 parts of single-component polyurea resin and 240 parts of alkali activator, adding 250 parts of slag and waste brick powder in a mass ratio of 1:1, and stirring and mixing for 3min to obtain the modified geopolymer slurry. And then adding 36 parts of rice straw fiber subjected to combined coating treatment by vermiculite powder and silane coupling agent Z-6020 and 4 parts of waste disposable medical mask scraps (the size is less than 5mm) into the modified geopolymer slurry, and stirring for 3min to obtain mixed slurry. Transferring the mixed slurry into a mold, paving and leveling, locking the mold for 4.5h, then placing the mold on an artificial board hot press, pressing the mold for 18h at 50 ℃ under the pressure of 3.5MPa, unloading the plate, continuing to maintain the mold at room temperature to 28 days of age, and obtaining the product with the density of 1.624g/cm after sawing and cutting edges 3 The geopolymer-based ecological plate.
The geopolymer-based ecological board is subjected to performance detection, the static bending strength, the elastic modulus, the internal bonding strength and the water absorption thickness expansion rate are tested according to GB/T17657-2013 test methods for physical and chemical properties of artificial boards and veneers, and the values are 19.01MPa, 5017MPa, 1.89MPa and 0.71 percent respectively, so that the geopolymer-based ecological board reaches the standard of superior products. The formaldehyde purification performance is detected according to QB/T2761-2006 method for measuring the purification effect of indoor air purification products, and the formaldehyde removal rate is 73.59 percent.
Example 3:
a tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
aluminum-silicon powder: 300 parts of;
nano-cellulose solution: 56 parts of;
one-component polyurea resin: 8 parts of a mixture;
alkali activator: 330 parts of (B);
modifying plant fibers: 45 parts of a binder;
scrap of the waste mask: 7 parts.
The aluminum-silicon powder is prepared from metakaolin, slag and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:0.23: 0.19. The modified plant fiber is sisal fiber subjected to combined coating treatment by nano clay and silane coupling agent, and is specifically obtained by uniformly spraying A151 on the surface of the sisal fiber and then blending with nano attapulgite. The one-component polyurea resin is an economical one-component polyurea resin (JR001) produced by Guangzhou Garui composite Co. The alkali activator is sodium water glass with modulus of 1-2. The nano-cellulose solution is nano-cellulose water dispersion with the mass concentration of 1%.
The preparation method of the tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 56 parts of 1.5% nanocellulose solution, 8 parts of single-component polyurea resin and 330 parts of alkali activator, adding 300 parts of mixed powder of metakaolin, slag and fly ash in a mass ratio of 1:0.23:0.19, and stirring and mixing for 3min to obtain the modified geopolymer slurry. And then adding 45 parts of sisal fibers subjected to combined coating treatment by attapulgite and a silane coupling agent A151 and 7 parts of waste disposable medical mask scraps (the size is less than 5mm) into the modified geopolymer slurry, and stirring for 5min to obtain a mixed slurry. Transferring the mixed slurry into a mold, paving and leveling the mixed slurry, locking the mold for 6 hours, then placing the mold on an artificial board hot press, pressing the mold for 12 hours at 85 ℃ under the pressure of 5.0MPa, unloading the mold, continuing to maintain the mold at room temperature to 28 days of age, and obtaining the mixed slurry with the density of 1.595g/cm after sawing and cutting edges 3 The geopolymer-based ecological plate.
The geopolymer-based ecological plate is subjected to performance detection, the static bending strength, the elastic modulus, the internal bonding strength and the water absorption thickness expansion rate are tested according to GB/T17657-2013 physicochemical property test methods for artificial plates and veneers, the values are 20.2MPa, 5152MPa, 2.34MPa and 0.58 percent respectively, and the standards of superior products are achieved. The formaldehyde purification performance is detected according to QB/T2761-2006 method for measuring the purification effect of indoor air purification products, and the formaldehyde removal rate is 79.33%.
Claims (10)
1. The tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
aluminum-silicon powder: 180-300 parts;
nano-cellulose solution: 30-56 parts;
one-component polyurea resin: 4-8 parts;
alkali activator: 140 portions and 330 portions.
2. The tough and clean aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum-silicon powder comprises one or more of metakaolin, fly ash, blast furnace slag or waste brick powder; the granularity of the aluminum-silicon powder is 1-100 mu m.
3. The tough neat aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkali activator is one or a combination of sodium water glass with a modulus of 1-2 and potassium water glass with a modulus of 1-2.
4. The tough neat aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nano cellulose solution is a nano cellulose water dispersion with a mass concentration of 0.5-1.5%.
5. The tough neat aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological board according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the raw material further comprises 27 to 45 parts of modified plant fiber and 1 to 7 parts of waste mask scraps.
6. The tough neat aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the modified plant fiber is a plant fiber which is coated with nano clay and silane coupling agent; the combined coating treatment is to spray the silane coupling agent on the surface of the plant fiber uniformly and then blend the plant fiber with the nano clay.
7. The tenacious neat aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate as claimed in claim 6, wherein the nano clay comprises one or more of montmorillonite, kaolin or vermiculite powder; the silane coupling agent is one or more of KH550, Z-6020 or A151; the plant fiber is one or more of wood fiber, bamboo fiber, hemp fiber, reed fiber, crop straw fiber, coconut fiber or oil palm fiber with the length of 0.2-150 mm.
8. The tenacious aldehyde geopolymer-based ecological plate according to claim 5, wherein the waste mask scraps are obtained by crushing and microwave treatment of waste masks from which ear bands and nose bridge strips are removed, and the size of the waste mask scraps is controlled to be less than 5 mm.
9. The preparation method of the tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing 30-56 parts by weight of nano cellulose solution, 4-8 parts by weight of single-component polyurea resin and 140-330 parts by weight of alkali activator, adding 180-300 parts by weight of aluminum-silicon powder, and stirring and mixing to obtain modified geopolymer slurry;
(2) adding 27-45 parts by weight of modified plant fiber and 1-7 parts by weight of waste mask scraps into the modified geopolymer slurry, and stirring and mixing to obtain mixed slurry;
(3) and transferring the mixed slurry into a mold, paving and flattening, locking the mold, then placing the mold on an artificial board hot press for pressing, unloading and maintaining to obtain the tough formaldehyde-removing geopolymer-based ecological board.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the pressure is controlled to be 2.0 to 5.0MPa, the temperature is controlled to be room temperature to 85 ℃, the pressing time is controlled to be 12 to 24 hours, and the curing is performed at room temperature to 28 days of age.
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