CN114916589B - Preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins - Google Patents
Preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins Download PDFInfo
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- CN114916589B CN114916589B CN202210445647.XA CN202210445647A CN114916589B CN 114916589 B CN114916589 B CN 114916589B CN 202210445647 A CN202210445647 A CN 202210445647A CN 114916589 B CN114916589 B CN 114916589B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
- A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
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- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, which comprises the steps of removing the coat, pulping and centrifuging the walnut to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase; then carrying out freezing-thawing demulsification treatment on the obtained light phase, and obtaining walnut oil and phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate after centrifugal treatment; and then fully mixing the obtained phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate with at least one of the embedded matters or ingredients, stirring and homogenizing, and then spray-drying to obtain the powder grease. Through the mode, the method can efficiently utilize the lipid in the walnut without using an organic solvent or an enzyme preparation, prepare natural, green and nutritional powder rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, has good emulsifying property and stability, meets the requirements of practical application, and plays a positive role in the development of the large health field and the walnut industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil lipid and protein processing, in particular to a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins.
Background
The application of powdered grease (creamer) in milk tea, coffee mate and the like is very wide and widespread. However, the main raw materials of the commonly used powdered oils are: hydrogenated vegetable oil, protein (such as milk casein), embedding wall material, edible essence, etc. Wherein, the hydrogenated vegetable oil can generate trans fatty acid under the condition of improper processing, and has safety risk for human health. With the rise of consumer's willingness to eat healthy food, natural healthy powdered grease will be more and more favored by consumers and markets.
Among various natural materials rich in oil, walnut has received a great deal of attention in terms of its high lipid content and high phospholipid content. The walnut kernel contains 65-70% of lipid, the fatty acid of the lipid is mainly polyunsaturated fatty acid, wherein linoleic acid (omega-6 fatty acid) accounts for 50-70% of the fatty acid, and alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3 fatty acid) accounts for 5.5-18%. In addition, the walnut lipid exists in the state of an oil storage cell-oil body in walnut cells, is a natural spherical emulsified oil drop particle, the inner core of the walnut lipid is triglyceride, and the outer shell of the walnut lipid is phospholipid and membrane protein. Researches show that the walnut phospholipid accounts for about 2.5% of the total lipid of the walnut, is obviously larger than the ratio of peanut and almond phospholipid in the total lipid, and the walnut lipid content is high, so that the walnut becomes a good source of the phospholipid. Therefore, how to effectively utilize phospholipids and membrane proteins in walnut to prepare natural and healthy nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins has become a current urgent problem to be solved.
At present, the walnut is mainly processed into nut products and is also processed into walnut oil, and the main processing technology is cold pressing to obtain the walnut oil and the walnut meal. However, walnut pieces are often mixed in walnut pulp, so that the appearance quality and the eating taste of the walnut pulp are poor, and the walnut pulp is mainly used as feed in general. On the one hand, the low value of walnut protein is caused; on the other hand, the walnut phospholipids also remain in the walnut cake, thereby also causing the waste of the walnut phospholipids.
In order to improve the utilization rate of nutrient components in walnuts, the patent with the application number of 201910878935.2 provides a preparation method of walnut protein powder with high protein content, which comprises the steps of removing the coat of the walnuts, pulping, and centrifugally separating the walnut into a light phase, an intermediate phase and a precipitate; the precipitate can be directly dried to obtain walnut protein powder with the dry-basis protein content of more than 85%, and the light phase and the intermediate phase are mixed and prepared into a walnut oil related product. However, the light phase separated in this patent is actually an oil concentrate of walnut, and further processing is still necessary to enrich the phospholipids and membrane proteins contained in the oil concentrate, so as to provide a basis for preparing the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins.
In view of this, there is a need to improve the existing walnut processing method and design a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that walnut phospholipid and membrane protein residues cannot be effectively and additionally utilized in walnut pulp during cold pressing of walnuts, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipid and membrane protein.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing the coat of the walnut to obtain a walnut kernel with the coat removed;
s2, preparing walnut pulp from the dehulled walnut kernels obtained in the step S1;
s3, carrying out centrifugal treatment on the walnut pulp obtained in the step S2 to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase;
s4, performing freeze-thawing demulsification treatment on the light phase obtained in the step S3, and performing centrifugal treatment to obtain walnut oil and phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate;
and S5, fully mixing the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4 with at least one of an embedding substance or ingredients, stirring and homogenizing, and then performing spray drying to obtain the powdered oil.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S5, the entrapping object is a mixture of the walnut water-soluble protein and the small particle size oil body prepared according to the mesophase obtained in step S3.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mixture of the walnut water-soluble protein and the small-particle-size oil body is prepared by the following steps:
adjusting the pH value of the intermediate phase obtained in the step S3 to 4-5 by adopting an acidic pH regulator, and performing centrifugal treatment to obtain an upward floating substance, clear liquid and precipitate;
and fully mixing the supernatant, the precipitate and a part of clear liquid, regulating the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using an alkaline pH regulator, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixture of the walnut water-soluble protein and the small-particle-size oil body.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the acidic pH adjustor comprises one or more of citric acid, malic acid and vitamin C, and the alkaline pH adjustor comprises one or two of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium phosphate.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S4, the freezing temperature of the freezing treatment is-15 to-20 ℃ and the freezing time is 72 to 90 hours; the thawing temperature of the thawing treatment is 20-30 ℃ and the thawing time is 6-8 h.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S5, the ingredients comprise one or more of maltodextrin, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and edible essence.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S2, the walnut pulp is obtained by sequentially adding water, grinding and filtering the walnut kernels after the coating removal.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S2, the mass ratio of the walnut to the water is 1:3-6 during the water adding treatment; the time for pulping is 1-3 min, and the processes of adding water, pulping and filtering are repeated for 1-3 times.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S1, the peeling treatment comprises soaking the walnut in water at 0-30 ℃ for 1-12 h.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the centrifuge used in the centrifugation is a three-phase centrifuge, or a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disk centrifuge connected in series, or a tube centrifuge and a disk centrifuge connected in series.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the preparation method of the nutritional functional powder grease rich in the walnut phospholipids and the membrane proteins, after the walnut is subjected to coating removal, pulping and centrifugal treatment to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase, the light phase is subjected to freezing-thawing demulsification treatment and centrifugal treatment to obtain the walnut oil and the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate. On the basis, the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate is used for preparing the powdery grease rich in phospholipid and membrane protein, so that the utilization efficiency of lipid in walnut can be improved, the nutrition functionality of the powdery grease can be effectively improved due to high content of phospholipid in the powdery grease, the powdery grease has excellent emulsifying property due to the membrane protein, and the prepared powdery grease has higher stability due to the synergistic effect of the phospholipid and the membrane protein.
(2) According to the invention, the intermediate phase obtained after the walnut is subjected to the steps of removing the coat, pulping and centrifuging is further treated, so that the walnut water-soluble protein and the small-particle-size oil body are separated from the intermediate phase, the walnut water-soluble protein can be used as a wall material for embedding the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate, the stability of the powder grease is further improved, the full utilization of walnut lipid can be basically realized through the reutilization of the small-particle-size oil body, and the problem that the conventional cold pressing technology is difficult to realize the efficient utilization of various lipids in the walnut is effectively solved.
(3) Compared with the traditional walnut cold pressing process, the method provided by the invention not only can be used for preparing a high-quality walnut oil product, but also can be used for effectively utilizing phospholipid and membrane protein in the walnut to prepare the nutritional functional powder grease rich in the walnut phospholipid and the membrane protein. The preparation method provided by the invention does not use any organic solvent or enzyme preparation, can prepare the all-plant-based powder grease, has the properties of nature, green, nutrition functionality and the like, can be applied to the production and manufacture of healthier milk tea, coffee mate, vegetable protein drink and other products, and has positive effects on the development of the large health field and walnut industry.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a physical diagram of the nutritional functional powdered oil rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins prepared in example 2.
Fig. 2 is a physical diagram of the nutritional functional powdered oil rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins prepared in example 4.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only structures and/or processing steps closely related to aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not greatly related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it should be further noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, which comprises the following steps:
s1, removing the coat of the walnut to obtain a walnut kernel with the coat removed;
s2, preparing walnut pulp from the dehulled walnut kernels obtained in the step S1;
s3, carrying out centrifugal treatment on the walnut pulp obtained in the step S2 to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase;
s4, performing freeze-thawing demulsification treatment on the light phase obtained in the step S3, and performing centrifugal treatment to obtain walnut oil and phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate;
and S5, fully mixing the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4 with at least one of an embedding substance or ingredients, stirring and homogenizing, and then performing spray drying to obtain the powdered oil.
More specifically, in step S1, the peeling treatment comprises immersing walnut in water at 0-30 ℃ for 1-12 h.
In step S2, the walnut pulp is obtained by sequentially adding water, grinding and filtering the walnut kernels after the coating removal; wherein, when the water is added for treatment, the mass ratio of the walnut to the water is 1:3-6; the time for pulping is 1-3 min, and the processes of adding water, pulping and filtering are repeated for 1-3 times.
In step S3, the centrifuge used in the centrifugal treatment is a three-phase centrifuge, or a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disk centrifuge connected in series, or a tube centrifuge and a disk centrifuge connected in series.
In the step S4, the freezing temperature of the freezing treatment is-15 to-20 ℃ and the freezing time is 72 to 90 hours; the thawing temperature of the thawing treatment is 20-30 ℃ and the thawing time is 6-8 h.
In step S5, the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate may be mixed with the embedding agent, stirred, homogenized and spray dried to form a powdered oil; or mixing the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate with the embedding material, stirring and homogenizing, adding the ingredients, stirring uniformly, and spray drying to obtain powder oil; the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate can be stirred and homogenized, the ingredients are added, and the powder grease is prepared by spray drying after uniform stirring.
The embedded substance is a mixture of walnut water-soluble protein and small-particle-size oil bodies prepared according to the intermediate phase obtained in the step S3, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the pH value of the intermediate phase obtained in the step S3 to 4-5 by adopting an acidic pH regulator, and performing centrifugal treatment to obtain an upward floating substance, clear liquid and precipitate;
and fully mixing the supernatant, the precipitate and a part of clear liquid, regulating the pH value to 6.5-7.5 by using an alkaline pH regulator, and uniformly stirring to obtain the mixture of the walnut water-soluble protein and the small-particle-size oil body.
Wherein the acidic pH regulator comprises one or more of citric acid, malic acid and vitamin C, and the alkaline pH regulator comprises one or two of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and sodium phosphate.
The ingredients comprise one or more of maltodextrin, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and edible essence.
The preparation method of the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins provided by the invention is described below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, which comprises the following steps:
s1, soaking 1kg of walnut in water at the temperature of 4 ℃ for 12 hours, and removing the coat to obtain the coat-removed walnut kernel.
S2, adding water into the walnut kernels subjected to the removal of the coat, which are obtained in the step S1, until the total weight is 6kg, pulping for 2.5min, and filtering to obtain walnut pulp I and walnut residue I; adding 4kg of water into the walnut residue I, pulping for 1min, and filtering to obtain walnut pulp II and walnut residue II; and (3) mixing the walnut pulp I and the walnut pulp II to obtain the walnut pulp.
S3, carrying out centrifugal separation on the walnut slurry obtained in the step S2, and centrifuging for 15min under the condition of 4000rpm to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase; wherein the light phase is oil body enriched substance, the mass is 766g, and the solid content is about 80%.
S4, freezing the light phase obtained in the step S3 at the temperature of minus 18 ℃ for 72 hours, thawing for 6 hours at room temperature, centrifuging for 15 minutes at 4000rpm, and obtaining 553g of golden yellow, clear and transparent walnut oil and 213g of phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate. After the light phase (oil body enrichment) is converted into the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate, the concentration of the phospholipid and the membrane protein is increased by more than 9 times.
S5, adding water into the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4 to enable the total weight of the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate to reach 400g, and homogenizing for 2min under 20 MPa; then 68g of maltodextrin and 0.35g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are added as ingredients, and after stirring for 30min, spray drying is carried out, the air inlet temperature in the spray drying process is set to 170 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is set to 80 ℃, so that the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins is obtained.
The powder grease prepared by the embodiment is white and light in smell, can form a uniform system after being stirred in water for 10-15 s, has excellent dispersibility, does not have floating and precipitation after being stood for 1h, and has higher stability. After 4 months of storage at normal temperature, the smell is unchanged, and the rancid smell is avoided.
In addition, the acid value of the walnut oil obtained in the step S4 of the embodiment is 0.1mgKOH/g, the peroxide value is 0.08g/100g, and the requirements of the national standard GB/T22327-2019 walnut oil on the first-grade walnut oil and the requirements of the group standard T/CCOA2-2019 superfine walnut oil are met, so that the quality of the walnut oil is good.
Therefore, the preparation method provided by the embodiment not only can prepare the walnut oil with good quality, but also can prepare the natural, green and nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins with good emulsifying property and stability.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing 200g of walnut in water, soaking for 6 hours at room temperature, and removing the coat to obtain the coat-removed walnut kernel.
S2, adding water into the walnut kernels subjected to the removal of the coat, which are obtained in the step S1, until the total weight is 1200g, pulping for 2.5min, and filtering to obtain walnut pulp I and walnut residue I; adding 800g of water into the walnut residue I, pulping for 1min, and filtering to obtain walnut pulp II and walnut residue II; and (3) mixing the walnut pulp I and the walnut pulp II to obtain the walnut pulp.
And S3, carrying out centrifugal separation on the walnut slurry obtained in the step S2, and centrifuging for 10min under the condition of 6000rpm to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase.
S4, freezing the light phase obtained in the step S3 at the temperature of minus 18 ℃ for 72 hours, thawing for 6 hours at room temperature, centrifuging for 15 minutes at 4000rpm, and obtaining 114g of walnut oil and 42g of phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate.
S5, regulating the pH value of the intermediate phase obtained in the step S3 to 4.5 by using food-grade citric acid, and then performing centrifugal separation, and centrifuging for 15min under the condition of 6000rpm to obtain an supernatant, a clear liquid and a precipitate. Mixing the supernatant and precipitate with part of the clear liquid to make the total weight of the mixture be 50g, and then regulating the pH of the mixture to 7.2 by using dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to obtain a mixture of walnut water-soluble protein and small-particle-size oil bodies, wherein the mixture is used as an embedding substance of the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4.
S6, mixing the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4 with the embedded material obtained in the step S5, homogenizing for 2min under 20MPa to obtain a uniform mixture, and performing spray drying, wherein the air inlet temperature in the spray drying process is 170 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 80 ℃ to obtain the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins.
A physical diagram of the powder grease prepared in this example is shown in FIG. 1. The product is light brown powder, and has light walnut fragrance. After 4 weeks of storage experiment at normal temperature, the powder has no rancidity phenomenon, the product is stable, and the storage can be continued. After the product is homogenized in a beater, the product is uniformly dispersed, and after standing for 1h, no sediment and floating matters exist, so that the product has higher stability. Meanwhile, the walnut oil obtained in the step S4 of the embodiment also meets the corresponding standard and has good quality.
In the embodiment, the intermediate phase is treated to separate the walnut water-soluble protein and the small-particle-size oil body, so that the walnut water-soluble protein can be used as a wall material for embedding the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate, the stability of the powder grease is further improved, the small-particle-size oil body can be reused, the full utilization of walnut lipid is basically realized, and the problem that the conventional cold pressing technology is difficult to realize efficient utilization of various lipids in walnuts is effectively solved.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing 1kg of walnut in water, soaking for 6 hours at room temperature, and removing the coat to obtain the coat-removed walnut kernel.
S2, adding water into the walnut kernels subjected to the removal of the coat, which are obtained in the step S1, until the total weight is 5kg, pulping for 2.5min, and filtering to obtain walnut pulp I and walnut residue I; adding 2kg of water into the walnut residue I, pulping for 1min, and filtering to obtain walnut pulp II and walnut residue II; adding 2kg of water into the walnut residue II, pulping for 1min, and filtering to obtain walnut pulp III and walnut residue III; and combining the walnut pulp I, the walnut pulp II and the walnut pulp III to obtain the walnut pulp.
And S3, carrying out centrifugal separation on the walnut slurry obtained in the step S2, and centrifuging for 15min under the condition of 4000rpm to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase.
S4, freezing the light phase obtained in the step S3 at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for 72 hours, thawing for 6 hours at room temperature, centrifuging for 15 minutes at 4000rpm, and obtaining the walnut oil and phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate.
S5, adjusting the pH value of the intermediate phase obtained in the step S3 to 4.5 by utilizing vitamin C, and then carrying out centrifugal separation, and centrifuging for 15min under the condition of 4000rpm to obtain an supernatant, a clear liquid and a precipitate. Mixing the supernatant and precipitate with part of the clear liquid to make the total weight of the mixture be 300g, and then regulating the pH of the mixture to 7.3 by using dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to obtain a mixture of walnut water-soluble protein and small-particle-size oil bodies, wherein the mixture is used as an embedding substance of the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4.
S6, mixing the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4 with the embedding substance obtained in the step S5, homogenizing for 2min under 20MPa, dividing into three parts averagely, respectively adding 5g, 10g and 15g of maltodextrin, stirring for 30min, performing spray drying, setting the air inlet temperature of the spray drying process to 170 ℃ and the air outlet temperature to 80 ℃ to obtain three parts of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins.
As can be seen from comparing the three parts of powdery grease with different maltodextrin contents prepared in the embodiment, with the increase of the maltodextrin addition amount, the obtained product becomes whiter, the walnut flavor becomes lighter and the dispersibility becomes better. The three parts of powder grease prepared in the embodiment are placed at normal temperature for storage experiments, after 4 weeks, the powder has no rancidity phenomenon, the product is stable, and the storage can be continued. After the three products are homogenized in a beater, the three products are uniformly dispersed, and after standing for 1h, no sediment and floating matters exist, so that the three products have higher stability. Meanwhile, the walnut oil obtained in the step S4 of the embodiment also meets the corresponding standard and has good quality.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, which comprises the following steps:
s1, placing 200g of walnut in water, soaking for 4 hours at room temperature, and removing the coat to obtain the coat-removed walnut kernel.
S2, adding water into the walnut kernels subjected to the removal of the coat, which are obtained in the step S1, until the total weight is 600g, pulping for 2min, and filtering to obtain walnut pulp I and walnut residue I; adding 400g of water into the walnut residue I, pulping for 2min, and filtering to obtain walnut pulp II and walnut residue II; and (3) mixing the walnut pulp I and the walnut pulp II to obtain the walnut pulp.
And S3, carrying out centrifugal separation on the walnut slurry obtained in the step S2, and centrifuging for 15min under the condition of 4000rpm to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase.
S4, freezing the light phase obtained in the step S3 at the temperature of minus 18 ℃ for 90 hours, thawing for 6 hours at room temperature, centrifuging for 15 minutes at 4000rpm, and obtaining the walnut oil and phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate.
S5, regulating the pH value of the intermediate phase obtained in the step S3 to 4.5 by using food-grade citric acid, and then performing centrifugal separation, and centrifuging for 15min under the condition of 4000rpm to obtain an supernatant, a clear liquid and a precipitate. Mixing the supernatant and precipitate with part of the clear liquid to make the total weight of the mixture be 50g, and then regulating the pH of the mixture to 7.2 by using dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to obtain a mixture of walnut water-soluble protein and small-particle-size oil bodies, wherein the mixture is used as an embedding substance of the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4.
S6, mixing the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4 with the embedding substance obtained in the step S5, adding 0.3% of vanilla essence, homogenizing for 2min under 20MPa, adding 8g of maltodextrin, stirring for 30min, and performing spray drying, wherein the air inlet temperature in the spray drying process is 170 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 80 ℃ to obtain the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins.
A physical diagram of the powder grease prepared in this example is shown in FIG. 2. The product has pleasant vanilla flavor due to the added vanilla essence. After 4 weeks of storage experiment at normal temperature, the powder has no rancidity phenomenon, the product is stable, and the storage can be continued. After the product is homogenized in a beater, the product is uniformly dispersed, and after standing for 1h, no sediment and floating matters exist, so that the product has higher stability. Meanwhile, the walnut oil obtained in the step S4 of the embodiment also meets the corresponding standard and has good quality.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a preparation method of powder grease, comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate according to the method in the example 2;
s2, adding water into the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S1 to enable the total weight to be 80g, homogenizing for 2min under 20MPa without adding any other ingredients to obtain a mixture;
and S3, performing spray drying on the mixture obtained in the step S2, setting the air inlet temperature of the spray drying process to be 170 ℃ and the air outlet temperature to be 80 ℃ to obtain the powder grease.
The powder grease prepared in the comparative example is semisolid and has obvious oil precipitation; after being placed for 2 days at room temperature, the seasoning has obvious rancid taste.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a preparation method of powder grease, comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate according to the method in the example 2;
s2, adding water into the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S1 to enable the total weight to be 80g, homogenizing for 2min under 20MPa, adding 8g of beta-cyclodextrin and 2.4g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and stirring for 30min to obtain a mixture;
and S3, performing spray drying on the mixture obtained in the step S2, setting the air inlet temperature of the spray drying process to be 170 ℃ and the air outlet temperature to be 80 ℃ to obtain the powder grease.
The powder grease obtained in the comparative example is white powder, has fine powder quality and light walnut fragrance. However, after 18 days of storage at room temperature, rancid taste appeared.
By comparing comparative examples 1-2 with example 2, it can be seen that in example 2, by separating the water-soluble walnut protein and the oil with small particle size from the intermediate phase, not only can the utilization rate of the walnut lipid be effectively improved and the full utilization of the walnut lipid be basically realized, but also the water-soluble walnut protein can be used as a wall material for embedding the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate, so that the stability of the powder grease is improved and the shelf life of the powder grease is effectively prolonged.
In summary, the invention provides a preparation method of nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, which comprises the steps of removing the coat of walnut, pulping and centrifuging to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase; then carrying out freezing-thawing demulsification treatment on the obtained light phase, and obtaining walnut oil and phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate after centrifugal treatment; and then fully mixing the obtained phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate with at least one of the embedded matters or ingredients, stirring and homogenizing, and then spray-drying to obtain the powder grease. Through the mode, the method can efficiently utilize the lipid in the walnut without using an organic solvent or an enzyme preparation, prepare natural, green and nutritional powder rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins, has good emulsifying property and stability, meets the requirements of practical application, and plays a positive role in the development of the large health field and the walnut industry.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, removing the coat of the walnut to obtain a walnut kernel with the coat removed;
s2, preparing walnut pulp from the dehulled walnut kernels obtained in the step S1;
s3, carrying out centrifugal treatment on the walnut pulp obtained in the step S2, and centrifuging for 10min under the condition of 6000rpm or for 15min under the condition of 4000rpm to obtain a light phase, an intermediate phase and a heavy phase;
s4, freezing the light phase obtained in the step S3 at the temperature of minus 18 to minus 20 ℃ for 72-90 hours, thawing for 6 hours at room temperature, centrifuging for 15 minutes at 4000rpm, and obtaining the walnut oil and phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate;
s5, fully mixing the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate obtained in the step S4 with an embedding material, or fully mixing the phospholipid-membrane protein concentrate with the embedding material and ingredients, stirring and homogenizing, and then spray-drying to obtain powder grease;
the preparation method of the embedded substance comprises the following steps:
regulating the pH value of the intermediate phase obtained in the step S3 to 4.5 by adopting food-grade citric acid or vitamin C, centrifuging for 15min under the condition of 6000rpm or for 15min under the condition of 4000rpm, so as to obtain an upward floating substance, clear liquid and precipitate;
fully mixing the supernatant, the precipitate and a part of the clear liquid, regulating the pH value to 7.2-7.3 by using dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture of walnut water-soluble protein and small-particle-size oil body serving as the embedding substance;
the ingredients comprise one or more of maltodextrin, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and edible essence.
2. The method for preparing the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S2, the walnut pulp is obtained by sequentially adding water, grinding and filtering the walnut kernel after the coating removal.
3. The method for preparing the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, during the water adding treatment, the mass ratio of the walnut to the water is 1:3-6; the pulping time is 1-3 min, and the water adding, pulping and filtering processes are repeated for 1-3 times.
4. The method for preparing the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the peeling treatment comprises the step of soaking the walnuts in water at the temperature of 0-30 ℃ for 1-12 h.
5. The method for preparing the nutritional functional powder grease rich in walnut phospholipids and membrane proteins according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step S3, the centrifuge used in the centrifugal treatment is a three-phase centrifuge, or a horizontal screw centrifuge and a disk centrifuge connected in series, or a tube centrifuge and a disk centrifuge connected in series.
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| CN103238680B (en) * | 2013-05-10 | 2014-08-13 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Walnut oil microcapsule and preparation method thereof |
| CN104522188B (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2017-11-21 | 广州倚德生物科技有限公司 | Powdered oil rich in middle low carbon acid and preparation method thereof |
| CN105285159B (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2020-08-18 | 东北农业大学 | Preparation method of high-oil-content soybean powder grease |
| CN105925368B (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2019-08-30 | 油谷生物科技南京有限公司 | A method of walnut oil is prepared by water law demulsification walnut oil body |
| CN106070715A (en) * | 2016-07-09 | 2016-11-09 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of mixed oil powdered oil |
| CN106937680A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-07-11 | 广州白云山汉方现代药业有限公司 | A kind of walnut oil and water soluble powder powder composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN106929141A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-07 | 江南大学 | A kind of method that peanut oil is prepared based on peanut endogenous protease water law demulsification peanut oil body |
| CN108887402A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-27 | 菏泽中禾健元生物科技有限公司 | A kind of production method of health care ready-mixed oil powdered oil |
| CN109463470B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2021-09-10 | 江南大学 | Method for preparing stable peanut oil body milky system |
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