CN114910626A - Model test device and method based on basic mosaic unit - Google Patents
Model test device and method based on basic mosaic unit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a model test device and method based on basic mosaic units, belonging to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and tunnels. Compared with the traditional model test method, the method is more reliable and accurate, and can meet the requirements of model test research in the tunnel engineering room.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and tunnels, and particularly relates to a model test device and method based on a basic mosaic unit.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
With the continuous development of underground engineering, particularly tunnel engineering, the requirement on the stability of underground structures is continuously improved, and similar model tests can comprehensively and truly simulate complex rock masses and geological structures, so that new mechanical phenomena and laws are discovered, a basis and a method are provided for establishing new theoretical and mathematical models, and the method is a main mode for verifying the stability of the underground structures at present.
The inventor finds that for underground engineering, especially tunnel engineering, if the traditional model test method is adopted, namely the geological conditions are simulated by stacking and mixing continuous bodies such as cement, sand and stone and other materials, the structural characteristics of rock bodies, especially the function of a structural plane, cannot be reflected; if a single regular block such as a rectangular or rhombic block is adopted for paving to simulate the structural characteristics of the rock mass, weak occlusion or even no occlusion between the blocks is not in line with the actual situation on site. The simulation results of the traditional model test methods are often in great difference with the actual situations on the site, and are difficult to be referred to in actual engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a model test device and a method based on a basic mosaic unit, and the device can solve the problems that the situation of a rock mass structural plane cannot be reflected due to the fact that a traditional model test device adopts continuous bodies such as cement, sand and stone and the like for filling, or the meshing effect between blocks is not obvious and the actual situation of a site is difficult to reflect due to the fact that single regular blocks such as rectangular blocks and rhombic blocks are adopted for laying; compared with the traditional model test method, the method is more reliable and accurate, has important scientific significance, and can meet the requirements of model test research in the tunnel engineering room.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a model test device based on a basic mosaic unit, which comprises a plurality of counterforce structures connected end to form a frame structure, wherein a loading device is fixedly arranged at the inner side of the counterforce structure, a plurality of steel loading modules are arranged in the frame structure, the steel loading modules surround a mosaic unit accommodating area, the mosaic unit and a non-standard block made of a mold are placed in the mosaic unit accommodating area, and a contact surface between the non-standard blocks forms a simulated structural surface.
As a further technical solution, a plurality of the mosaic units are arranged in a set form, and adjacent mosaic units are bonded by an adhesive.
As a further technical scheme, a first monitoring element is pre-embedded in the embedding unit and connected with a data acquisition unit; the first monitoring element comprises a soil pressure cell and a resistance strain gauge.
As a further technical scheme, a second monitoring element is arranged between every two adjacent mosaic units to monitor the mechanical behavior and displacement information between the mosaic units, and the second monitoring element is connected with the data acquisition unit.
As a further technical scheme, the reaction structure is in a plate shape, the loading device is arranged close to the inner wall of the reaction structure, and the size of the steel loading module can be adjusted as required and is connected with the loading device through bolts.
As a further technical scheme, the die consists of a side plate and a bottom plate, a guide rail is arranged below the side plate, pulleys which can be fixed through bolts are contained in the guide rail, the side plate and the bottom plate can be fixed through the bolts, splicing deformation can be carried out according to needs, and different-shape embedded units are manufactured.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a test method using the model test apparatus as described above, comprising the steps of:
determining the shape of the embedding unit, and manufacturing the embedding unit and the non-standard block by using a mold;
arranging and placing the embedding units in the frame structure, and connecting the monitoring elements embedded in the embedding units with the data acquisition unit;
after loading is carried out by the loading device, excavation is carried out, the conditions of the embedding units are observed, the stress and the displacement of the embedding units are recorded, and the test without adding structural planes is completed;
and then, carrying out the test again, arranging and placing the embedded units and the non-standard blocks in the frame structure, repeating the steps, completing the test of adding the structural surface, comparing the test results of the two models, and summarizing the influence rule of the rock mass structure surface on the stability of the tunnel engineering.
As a further technical scheme, in the test of simulating the addition of the structural plane, the simulation of the structural plane division rock body is realized by placing the partition material at the position where the structural plane is distributed.
As a further technical solution, when arranging the non-standard blocks, the partition material is taken out, and the non-standard blocks on both sides of the structural surface are bonded by the adhesive to simulate the structural surface.
As a further technical scheme, river sand is adopted to simulate a structural surface, or quartz sand and vaseline are adopted to simulate the structural surface.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the model test device, a frame structure is formed through a counter-force structure, a plurality of steel loading modules are arranged in the frame structure to form an embedding unit accommodating area, the effect of a structural surface in a rock body can be simulated in the embedding unit accommodating area through the combination of the embedding units and the non-standard blocks, the problem of non-engagement between blocks can be solved through the application of the embedding unit combinations or the non-standard blocks in different shapes, the used monitoring elements can monitor not only the blocks, but also the mechanical behavior information and the displacement information between the blocks, and the situations of falling and peeling of the rock blocks on site and the like can be better simulated.
According to the model test device, the side plates and the bottom plate which form the mold can be used for manufacturing various embedded unit shapes in different splicing modes, the mold is simple to form and can be repeatedly used, and a large number of embedded units and non-standard blocks can be quickly manufactured.
The model test method disclosed by the invention is reasonable in design, simple in process and convenient to operate, and can ensure the accuracy of the test result. Summarizing the shape and size of the mosaic unit through on-site investigation and actual measurement and numerical simulation; the monitoring element can be buried in the embedding units and between the embedding units in advance, structural surface simulation is realized by using the adhesive, the embedding units are bonded and assembled, the monitoring element conducting wire is led out of the model test reaction structure and is connected with the data acquisition unit, loading is carried out through the loading device, excavation is carried out through the excavation equipment, the test result is compared with the field actual measurement and the numerical simulation result after the whole test is completed, the test condition can be changed, multiple tests are carried out to form comparison, and a new test method can be provided for the influence of the rock mass structure on the tunnel engineering.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a front view of a mosaic cell-based model test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mold assembly provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a mold construction provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a testing method of a model testing apparatus based on a mosaic unit basic unit according to the present invention;
in the figure: the mutual spacing or size is exaggerated to show the position of each part, and the schematic diagram is only used for illustration;
the device comprises a counter-force structure 1, a steel loading module 2, a loading device 3, an embedding unit 4, a nonstandard block 5, a structural surface 6, a monitoring element 7, a data acquisition unit 8, a tunnel excavation outline 9, similar materials 10, a die 11, a bolt hole 12, a die bottom plate 13, a die side plate 14, a guide rail 15 and a fixable pulley 16.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1:
in a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a model test device based on a basic mosaic unit is provided, which can be used for studying the influence of a rock mass structure on the stability of tunnel engineering.
The model test device comprises a model test counter-force structure 1, a steel loading module 2, a loading device 3, an embedded unit 4, a non-standard block 5, a simulated structural surface 6, a pre-embedded monitoring element 7 and a data acquisition unit 8.
The model test counter-force structures 1 are in a plate shape and are arranged in a plurality of numbers, and the model test counter-force structures are connected end to form a frame structure; the frame structure has an inner space to place a steel loading module 2, a loading device 3, an inlay unit 4, a non-standard block 5, etc. In this embodiment, the interior space of the frame structure is rectangular. The model test reaction structure is highly modularized.
The loading device 3 is fixedly arranged on the inner side of the model test reaction structure 1, the loading device is positioned on the periphery of the model test reaction structure and can be hydraulically loaded, the model test reaction structure 1 forms a frame structure, the loading device is also arranged on the transverse direction and the vertical direction of the whole test device, and the embedded unit in the frame structure can receive the loading force in the transverse direction and the vertical direction.
Steel loading module 2 sets up a plurality ofly, and steel loading module passes through the bolt with loading device 3 and links to each other, and a plurality of steel loading modules enclose to inlay the unit holding region, and in this embodiment, it is the rectangle to inlay the unit holding region.
The mosaic units 4 are placed in a mosaic unit containing area defined by the steel loading module, the mosaic units are multiple and are arranged in a set form, and adjacent mosaic units are bonded through a bonding agent; non-standard blocks 5 are also placed in the mosaic unit accommodating area, and the contact surfaces between the non-standard blocks 5 form a simulated structural surface 6.
The embedding unit is manufactured through a mold, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the mold for manufacturing the embedding unit is composed of a steel bottom plate 13 and a steel rectangular side plate 14, the steel bottom plate is provided with bolt holes 12, the lower surface of the steel rectangular side plate is provided with a guide rail 15, a pulley 16 is arranged in the guide rail, and the steel rectangular side plate can be locked through connection of bolts and the bolt holes.
The mold 11 for manufacturing the mosaic unit can be deformed, and the shape of the mold can be changed by changing the connecting position of the steel rectangular side plate and the steel bottom plate, so that the shape of the mosaic unit is changed. Various forms of inlay units may be made by the mold, as shown in fig. 2.
On the same bottom plate, the mould is spliced into different special-shaped embedded unit shapes by changing the positions of the side plates so as to manufacture the embedded units. In addition, the non-standard block is different from the mosaic unit in that whether a structural surface is contained in the non-standard block or not is judged, and the structural surface is called as the non-standard block; the structural surface can also be simulated by bonding the boundaries of the mosaic cells when they are arranged.
The die can adapt to the manufacture of the embedded units with different shapes, and the manufacturing cost and the manual operation cost of the die are reduced.
The embedded unit 4 made of the mould is embedded with a first monitoring element 7, the first monitoring element 7 is connected with a wire, and the wire leading-out embedded unit can be connected with a data acquisition unit 8, as shown in figure 1.
In this embodiment, the first monitoring element arranged in the embedding unit includes a soil pressure cell and a resistance strain gauge, the soil pressure cell and the resistance strain gauge are arranged in the embedding unit to be lined and the embedding unit near the excavation clearance, and the arrangement number of the other embedding units can be reduced.
And a second monitoring element for monitoring the mechanical behavior and the displacement information between the mosaic units is arranged between the adjacent mosaic units 4, and the second monitoring element for monitoring the mechanical behavior and the displacement information is also connected with the data acquisition unit so as to acquire corresponding data.
This model test device still includes excavation equipment, and excavation equipment accessible arm itself is installed on model test counter-force structure 1, can excavate inlaying the unit. The excavation equipment is arranged on the model test counter-force structure, so that excavation control and adjustment are facilitated.
Example 2:
the model test method based on the basic mosaic unit comprises the following steps:
step one, test preparation:
step 101, performing on-site investigation and monitoring, determining the structural characteristics of a rock mass of a tunnel section to be subjected to a model test, summarizing the shape of a common rock mass according to the structural characteristics of the on-site rock mass, simulating the summarized shape information of the rock mass by combining on-site monitoring data and using a numerical simulation method, determining the shape of an embedding unit to be used according to a numerical simulation result, and determining the position of a non-standard block or the arrangement mode of the embedding unit according to structural plane information;
102, manufacturing a die top plate with a wire guide hole according to the shape of an embedded unit determined by field actual measurement information and numerical simulation, and splicing a die bottom plate and a die side plate;
step 103, determining the proportion of the binder according to the on-site rock mass structure information, generally adopting quartz sand and vaseline to simulate a structural surface, and simulating river sand if the strength of the on-site structural surface is extremely low;
104, manufacturing an embedding unit by using a mold, proportioning the materials of the embedding unit according to the field geological condition, when manufacturing a non-standard block, simulating the division of a rock mass by a structural surface by placing plastic plates or other partition materials at the positions where the structural surface is distributed according to the information determined in the step 101, selecting the embedding position of a monitoring element according to the information determined in the step 101, embedding the monitoring element in the embedding unit and at the boundary position in advance, leading out the wire of the monitoring element through a bolt hole, and plugging the other bolt holes through external bolts;
step two, molding a model:
assembling a model test counter-force structure, coating silicone grease on the inner side wall, arranging the manufactured embedding units according to a preset arrangement mode, taking out a partition material when arranging the non-standard blocks, bonding the non-standard blocks on two sides of the structure surface through a bonding agent to simulate the structure surface, bonding the adjacent embedding units through the bonding agent, arranging a monitoring element wire between the adjacent embedding units and fixing the monitoring element wire by using the bonding agent when arranging and bonding the embedding units embedded with the monitoring element, leading out the model test counter-force structure together with the monitoring element wire arranged between the embedding units, and connecting the model test counter-force structure with a data acquisition unit;
step three, loading and excavating:
after the mosaic units are arranged, loading is carried out through a loading device around the model test counter-force structure, excavation equipment of the tunnel is installed after loading is finished, overload is carried out after excavation is finished, and meanwhile, the model condition is observed and the data of the block body stress movement monitoring system are recorded;
and step four, after the test is finished, removing the steel loading module, removing the embedding unit, completing the whole test, repeating the step one to the step three, obtaining a group of test results by not adding the structural surface, obtaining another group of test results by changing the position of the structural surface, analyzing the two groups of test results and test data, comparing the model test results obtained by distributing the structural surface according to the actual situation on site, and summarizing the influence rule of the rock mass structure surface on the stability of the tunnel engineering.
In step 101, a numerical simulation method is determined according to the conditions of the on-site rock mass, and the rock mass including the structural plane is generally simulated by using discrete element simulation software such as UDEC and 3DEC so as to obtain a more practical result.
The shapes and arrangement modes of the mosaic units determined in the step 101 can be arranged by adopting single units such as regular hexahedron units, or can be arranged by adopting various shapes such as quadrilateral and triangular units according to field conditions in a combined manner, when numerical simulation and actual model splicing are carried out, units with smaller sizes are generally adopted around the excavation clearance, and units with larger sizes can be arranged far away from the excavation clearance.
The binder ratio mentioned in step 103 is configured according to the requirement of the similarity ratio and can be configured in various ways, for example, river sand can be used for controlling the weight and the internal friction to meet the similarity ratio, and quartz sand and vaseline can be used for controlling the elastic modulus to meet the similarity ratio.
The simulation of the structural surface in step 104 can be realized by splicing mosaic units with other shapes, and the boundary of the mosaic unit is matched with the adhesive to simulate the structural surface, so that the manufacture of non-standard blocks can be reduced.
If no structural surface exists between the adjacent mosaic units in the second step, the mosaic unit manufacturing material can be directly used as the adhesive.
In the fourth step, the influence rule of the summarized rock mass structure surface on the stability of the tunnel engineering is compared with the result obtained through numerical simulation in the step 101, so that the method can be further applied to actual engineering, and guidance design is performed on the rock mass structure tunnel engineering construction in the actual engineering in future.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The model test device based on the basic mosaic unit is characterized by comprising a plurality of counter-force structures which are connected end to form a frame structure, wherein a loading device is fixedly arranged on the inner side of each counter-force structure, a plurality of steel loading modules are arranged in the frame structure, a mosaic unit containing area is defined by the steel loading modules, a mosaic unit and non-standard blocks are placed in the mosaic unit containing area, and a simulated structural surface is formed by contact surfaces between the non-standard blocks.
2. The model testing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of said mosaic cells are arranged in a set pattern, adjacent mosaic cells being bonded by an adhesive.
3. The model test device of claim 1 or 2, wherein a first monitoring element is embedded in the embedding unit and connected with a data acquisition unit; the first monitoring element comprises a soil pressure cell and a resistance strain gauge.
4. The model test device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a second monitoring element is arranged between adjacent mosaic units to monitor the mechanical behavior and displacement information between the mosaic units, the second monitoring element being connected to the data collector.
5. The model test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reaction structure is in the form of a plate, the loading device being disposed against an inner wall of the reaction structure, and excavation equipment being mountable to an outer side of the reaction structure.
6. The model test device of claim 1, wherein the mold comprises a side plate and a bottom plate, a guide rail is arranged below the side plate, a pulley which can be fixed by a bolt is contained in the guide rail, the side plate and the bottom plate can be fixed by the bolt and can be spliced and deformed as required to manufacture the mosaic units with different shapes.
7. A test method using the model test apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
determining the shape of the embedding unit, and manufacturing the embedding unit and the non-standard block by using a mold;
arranging and placing the embedding units in the frame structure, and connecting the monitoring elements embedded in the embedding units with the data acquisition unit;
after the loading device is used for loading, excavation is carried out, the conditions of the embedding units are observed, the stress and the displacement of the embedding units are recorded, and the test without adding structural planes is completed;
and then, carrying out the test again, arranging and placing the embedded units and the non-standard blocks in the frame structure, repeating the steps, completing the test of adding the structural surface, comparing the test results of the two models, and summarizing the influence rule of the rock mass structure surface on the stability of the tunnel engineering.
8. A test method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the test of simulating the addition of the structural plane, the simulation of the structural plane dividing the rock mass is carried out by placing the partition material at the position where the structural plane is distributed.
9. The test method as claimed in claim 8, wherein, when the non-standard blocks are arranged, the partition material is taken out and the non-standard blocks on both sides of the structural plane are bonded by the adhesive to simulate the structural plane.
10. The test method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the structural surface is simulated by river sand or quartz sand and vaseline.
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