CN114910600B - Visual test device and method for combustion behavior - Google Patents
Visual test device and method for combustion behavior Download PDFInfo
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- CN114910600B CN114910600B CN202110172890.4A CN202110172890A CN114910600B CN 114910600 B CN114910600 B CN 114910600B CN 202110172890 A CN202110172890 A CN 202110172890A CN 114910600 B CN114910600 B CN 114910600B
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001499 laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 132
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/12—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using combustion
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visual combustion behavior test device, which comprises: the test pipeline simulates combustion behavior under a preset working condition, and is provided with a sensor assembly; a high-speed camera which photographs the test pipeline; a visual monitoring unit comprising: a schlieren instrument that visualizes shock behavior in the test line; a planar laser-induced fluorescence camera that visualizes where chemical reactions occur in the test line; and a data analysis unit in communication with the sensor assembly, the high speed camera, and the visual monitoring unit. The invention also discloses a visual test method of the combustion behavior. The invention can monitor and record the combustion position, shock wave behavior, chemical reaction behavior, static electricity generation behavior and the like of the combustion behavior in real time, can realize multi-factor coupling analysis of the combustion behavior, and provides data support for research and utilization of the combustion behavior.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of combustion behavior safety research, in particular to a combustion behavior visual test device and method.
Background
Hydrogen has been widely appreciated and used in recent years as a clean, efficient, renewable energy source in international fields. Meanwhile, the hydrogen has the characteristics of active chemical property, small molecular weight, low ignition energy and the like, and spontaneous combustion and accidents are easy to occur in the emergency release process. The high pressure hydrogen may undergo spontaneous combustion in the downstream pipeline during the bleed process, and the spontaneous combustion occurrence mechanism is not clear. The existing experimental device aiming at the phenomenon mainly has two types, namely, an on-site pressure sensor and a flame sensor are arranged on the side wall of a downstream pipeline in a punching way so as to infer the spontaneous combustion behaviors of shock waves and flames in the experimental pipeline, and the device can only qualitatively describe whether spontaneous combustion and the evolution behaviors of the shock waves occur or not and cannot refine the specific position and mechanism of the spontaneous combustion; the other type is to use a transparent test pipeline to be matched with a high-speed camera and a schlieren to quantify the spontaneous combustion flame position and the shock wave behavior, and the device can not be coupled to analyze the relationship between the shock wave behavior and the chemical reaction process only by taking the shooting result of the camera as the chemical reaction judgment basis.
Likewise, mechanism studies and coupling analysis for other types of combustion are less common.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a combustion behavior visual test device and a combustion behavior visual test method, so that the problems that combustion behaviors are difficult to quantify and coupling analysis are solved.
The invention further aims to provide a visual test device and a visual test method for the combustion behavior, so that a tool is provided for researching the mechanism of the high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion behavior, and theoretical support is provided for efficient and stable operation of hydrogen equipment.
To achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion behavior visualization test apparatus including: the test pipeline simulates combustion behavior under a preset working condition, and is provided with a sensor assembly; a high-speed camera which photographs the test pipeline; a visual monitoring unit comprising: a schlieren instrument that visualizes shock behavior in the test line; a planar laser-induced fluorescence camera that visualizes where chemical reactions occur in the test line; and a data analysis unit in communication with the sensor assembly, the high speed camera, and the visual monitoring unit.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the test pipeline can be moved relative to the visual monitoring unit.
Further, in the above technical solution, the data analysis unit may obtain the combustion position of the test pipeline according to the result photographed by the high-speed camera; the visual monitoring unit monitors the obtained combustion position.
Further, in the above technical solution, the plane laser-induced fluorescence camera is obliquely arranged to avoid shielding the optical path of the schlieren instrument.
Further, in the above technical solution, the sensor assembly includes a plurality of pressure sensors and a plurality of electrostatic sensors.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the combustion behavior visual test device further comprises: and the synchronous triggering unit is used for starting the high-speed camera and the visual monitoring unit according to the pressure of the test pipeline.
Further, in the above technical solution, the combustion behavior is a high-pressure hydrogen gas release spontaneous combustion behavior, a premixed flame deflagration to detonation behavior or a resident flame combustion behavior.
Further, in the above-mentioned technical scheme, test pipeline is equipped with in proper order along the air current direction: a gas supply unit for supplying a test gas; a gas storage unit for storing a test gas; the discharge device is provided with an action pressure, and discharges when the test gas of the gas storage unit reaches the action pressure; and a transparent pipeline which receives the test gas discharged by the discharge device.
Further, in the above technical solution, the cross section of the transparent pipeline is rectangular.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the test pipeline is further provided with: and the protective box is used for collecting the test gas exhausted by the transparent pipeline and exhausting the test gas into the atmosphere.
Furthermore, in the above technical scheme, one end of the protective box adjacent to the transparent pipeline is provided with an observation window.
Furthermore, in the technical scheme, the gas storage unit is provided with a flame arrester and a vacuum pump; the relief device is a rupture disk or a safety valve.
Further, in the above technical solution, the sensor assemblies are uniformly distributed along the transparent pipeline; the transparent pipeline is provided with a staff gauge.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the test pipeline includes: a premix unit providing a pre-set concentration of combustible premix gas; a transparent pipe filled with a combustible premix gas; and an ignition device for igniting the combustible premixed gas in the transparent pipeline.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the test pipeline is a burner.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion behaviour visualisation test method comprising at least the steps of: simulating combustion behavior under a preset working condition; collecting an electrostatic signal of combustion behavior; shooting the combustion behavior; and visually monitoring combustion behavior, including shock behavior visual monitoring and chemical reaction occurrence location visual monitoring.
Further, in the technical scheme, a schlieren instrument is adopted for the visual monitoring of shock behaviors; and a planar laser-induced fluorescence camera is adopted for visual monitoring of the occurrence position of the chemical reaction.
Further, in the above technical scheme, the step of visually monitoring the chemical reaction occurrence position includes: obtaining an oblique image of the location where the chemical reaction occurs; and reducing the inclined image to a corresponding chemical reaction occurrence position according to the parameters of the inclined arrangement.
Further, in the above technical solution, the combustion behavior is a high-pressure hydrogen gas release self-ignition behavior.
Further, in the above technical solution, before the step of visually monitoring the combustion behavior, the method further includes the steps of: determining the occurrence position of the combustion behavior; and after the determined occurrence position of the combustion behavior is moved into the visual monitoring area, simulating the combustion behavior under the preset working condition again.
Further, in the above technical solution, determining the occurrence position of the combustion behavior is achieved by shooting the combustion behavior.
Further, in the above technical solution, the combustion behavior visual test method further includes a step of judging a mechanism of the high-pressure hydrogen gas release self-ignition behavior, and the step includes: comparing whether the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion behavior coincides with the position with larger shock wave intensity; and whether an electrostatic signal is detected at a location adjacent to the location where the chemical reaction occurs.
Further, in the above technical solution, the step of judging the mechanism of the high-pressure hydrogen gas release spontaneous combustion behavior includes: when the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen discharging spontaneous combustion behavior coincides with the position with larger shock wave intensity and the static signal is detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is jointly caused by shock wave compression and static action; when the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion behavior coincides with the position with larger shock wave intensity and no electrostatic signal is detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is only caused by shock wave compression; when the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen discharging spontaneous combustion behavior is not coincident with the position with larger shock wave intensity and the electrostatic signal is detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, the spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is only caused by the electrostatic action; and when the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen gas release spontaneous combustion behavior is not overlapped with the position where the shock wave intensity is larger and the static signal is not detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is not caused by shock wave compression and/or static action.
Further, in the above technical solution, the combustion behavior is a behavior that high-pressure hydrogen discharges spontaneously to form injection fire, and the combustion behavior visual test method further includes the steps of: the relationship between combustion behavior and shock attenuation is quantified.
Further, in the above technical solution, the combustion behavior is a premixed flame deflagration to detonation behavior, and the combustion behavior visualization test method further includes the steps of: and obtaining a flow state transition mechanism of a flow field of the combustion behavior and the influence of the flow state transition mechanism on the combustion behavior according to the visual monitoring result and the shooting result.
Further, in the above technical solution, the combustion behavior is a resident flame combustion behavior.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has one or more of the following beneficial effects:
1. The device can monitor and record the combustion position, shock wave behavior, chemical reaction behavior, static electricity generation behavior and the like of the combustion behavior in real time, can realize multi-factor coupling analysis of the combustion behavior, and provides data support for research and utilization of the combustion behavior.
2. The invention can monitor and record key parameters such as spontaneous combustion position, shock wave intensity, chemical reaction behavior, electrostatic intensity and the like when the high-pressure hydrogen is discharged, and can carry out artificial change of preset working conditions by changing the type of a discharge device, the design pressure value of the discharge device, the geometric property of a downstream pipeline and the like. The pressure sensor can monitor the pressure change in the pipeline under the given discharging condition; the electrostatic sensor can monitor potential electrostatic generation behaviors in the discharging process in real time; the high-speed schlieren instrument can visualize shock wave behaviors through the side wall of the transparent discharge pipeline, and the mechanism of spontaneous combustion of high-pressure hydrogen discharge under different working conditions is revealed by combining the visual monitoring result (monitoring the concentration distribution of OH free radicals, namely a chemical reaction area) of the plane laser-induced fluorescence camera and the acquisition result of the electrostatic sensor.
3. In the test device, the visual monitoring unit can be fixed, different monitoring purposes can be realized by replacing or moving the test pipeline, and the device is convenient to operate and wide in application range.
4. The end of the transparent pipeline is provided with the protective box, so that the danger of free diffusion of test gas is prevented on the one hand, and on the other hand, the observation window is arranged on the protective box, and the behavior of the injection fire formed by the spontaneous combustion of the high-pressure hydrogen discharged can be monitored and studied.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and it is to be understood that it is intended to provide a more clear understanding of the technical means of the present invention and to enable the technical means to be carried out in accordance with the contents of the specification, while at the same time providing a more complete understanding of the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention, and one or more preferred embodiments thereof are set forth below, together with the detailed description given below, along with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a combustion behavior visualization test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view structural arrangement of a visual monitoring unit according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The main reference numerals illustrate:
10-test pipelines, 11-gas supply units, 111-hydrogen cylinders, 112-nitrogen cylinders, 113-pressure reducing valves, 114-electromagnetic valves, 115-hydrogen compressors, 12-gas storage units, 121-flame arresters, 122-vacuum pumps, 123-emergency release pipelines, 124-high-pressure gas cylinders, 125-pressure gauges, 126-vacuum gauges, 13-release devices, 14-transparent pipelines, 15-protective boxes, 16-pressure sensors, 17-electrostatic sensors, 20-high-speed cameras, 30-visual monitoring units, 310-schlieren lasers, 311-first spherical mirrors, 312-second spherical mirrors, 313-first cameras, 320-plane laser-induced fluorescence camera lasers, 321-beam splitters, 322-second cameras, 40-synchronous triggering units and 50-data analysis units.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is, therefore, to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising", etc. will be understood to include the stated element or component without excluding other elements or other components.
Spatially relative terms, such as "below," "beneath," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element's or feature's relationship to another element's or feature's in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the article in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the article in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" may encompass both a direction of below and a direction of above. The article may have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
The terms "first," "second," and the like herein are used for distinguishing between two different elements or regions and are not intended to limit a particular position or relative relationship. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first," "second," etc. may also be interchanged with one another.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, a combustion behavior visualization test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a test line 10, a high-speed camera 20, and a visualization monitoring unit 30. The test pipeline 10 can simulate the combustion behavior under the preset working condition, and the high-speed camera 20 shoots the test pipeline 10. The visual monitoring unit 30 may include a schlieren that visualizes shock behavior in the test line 10 and a planar laser-induced fluorescence camera that visualizes where chemical reactions occur in the test line 10. Illustratively, the arrangement of the visual monitoring unit 30 is shown in fig. 2, the schlieren laser 310 forms parallel light perpendicular to the test pipeline 10 under the reflection of the first spherical mirror 311, and the flow field shock behavior of the combustion behavior occurrence area is recorded by the first camera 313 after focusing by the second spherical mirror 312; the plane laser induced fluorescence camera laser 320 forms a light sheet after passing through the beam splitter 321, enters along the reverse air flow of the test pipeline 10, induces fluorescence in the normal direction of the place where the chemical reaction occurs, and shoots through the second camera 322, thereby visualizing the chemical reaction area. It should be understood that the specific arrangement of the schlieren and planar laser-induced fluorescence cameras of the visual monitoring unit 30 is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can set the arrangement as desired. The test line 10 is provided with a sensor assembly, which may be, for example, a plurality of pressure sensors 16 and a plurality of electrostatic sensors 17, uniformly disposed along the line. The sensor assembly, the high speed camera 20 and the visual monitoring unit 30 are communicatively connected to a data analysis unit 50.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the test line 10 is movable relative to the visual monitoring unit 30. Illustratively, the test line 10 is provided with a support unit (not shown in the figures) for supporting and moving the test line 10. The support unit may be arranged on a preset guide rail, the visual monitoring unit 30 being fixedly arranged relative to the guide rail, the test line 10 being movable along the guide rail to a specified position such that the combustion behaviour is in the measuring light path of the visual monitoring unit 30. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that one skilled in the art may implement the movement of the test line in other ways. Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the data analysis unit 50 can obtain the combustion position of the test line 10 according to the result photographed by the high-speed camera 20; the test line 10 is moved to the obtained post-combustion position and the obtained combustion position is monitored by the visual monitoring unit 30.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the planar laser-induced fluorescence camera is arranged slightly tilted to avoid obscuring the light path of the schlieren instrument and restoring the image of the real chemical reaction area by post-processing.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the combustion behavior visualization test apparatus further includes a synchronous trigger unit 40 that activates the high speed camera 20 and the visualization monitoring unit 30 according to the pressure of the test line 10. Illustratively, when the pressure signal detected by the first pressure sensor 16 immediately adjacent the vent apparatus 13 increases, the synchronous trigger unit 40 automatically activates the high speed camera 20 to take a picture of the test line, and the specific location and time at which autoignition occurs is obtained by post-processing of the taken image. It should be understood that the synchronous trigger unit 40 shown in fig. 1 is separately provided, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and the synchronous trigger unit may be integrated in the data analysis unit 50, and the data analysis unit 50 may also integrate the functions of the controller.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the combustion behavior may be a high pressure hydrogen bleed auto-ignition behavior, a premixed flame deflagration to detonation behavior, or a resident flame combustion behavior.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the test line 10 simulates the high pressure hydrogen bleed auto-ignition behavior. The test pipeline 10 is provided with an air supply unit 11, an air storage unit 12, a discharge device 13 and a transparent pipeline 14 in sequence along the air flow direction. The gas supply unit 11 is used to supply test gas, and may be, for example, a hydrogen cylinder and a nitrogen cylinder. The gas storage unit 12 may be a high pressure gas cylinder for storing high pressure hydrogen gas before release. The relief device 13 is provided with an operating pressure, and when the test gas of the gas storage unit 12 reaches the operating pressure, hydrogen gas is released to the transparent pipe 14. Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a protective housing 15 is provided downstream of the transparent pipe 14, the protective housing 15 being used to collect the test gas exhausted from the transparent pipe 14, the downstream of the protective housing 15 being in communication with the atmosphere. Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, an end of the protective casing 15 adjacent to the transparent pipe 14 may be provided with a viewing window (not shown) for viewing the spontaneous combustion of the high-pressure hydrogen gas discharged to form a jet fire.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the transparent tube 14 may be rectangular in cross-section. Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the gas storage unit 12 may be provided with a flame arrestor 121 and a vacuum pump 122. The relief device 13 may be a rupture disk or a safety valve, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the sensor assemblies are evenly distributed along the transparent tube 14; the transparent pipe 14 is provided with a scale (not shown in the figures).
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the pilot line may simulate premixed flame deflagration to detonation behavior. The test line comprises a premix unit providing a pre-set concentration of combustible premix gas; a transparent pipe filled with a combustible premix gas; and an ignition device for igniting the combustible premixed gas in the transparent pipeline. Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the test line is a burner that simulates a resident flame combustion behavior.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the visual test method for the combustion behavior at least comprises the following steps: simulating combustion behavior under a preset working condition; collecting an electrostatic signal of combustion behavior; shooting the combustion behavior; and visually monitoring combustion behavior, including shock behavior visual monitoring and chemical reaction occurrence location visual monitoring.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, shock behavior visualization monitoring employs a schlieren; and a planar laser-induced fluorescence camera is adopted for visual monitoring of the occurrence position of the chemical reaction.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the planar laser-induced fluorescence camera tilt arrangement, the step of visually monitoring the chemical reaction occurrence location comprises: obtaining an oblique image of the location where the chemical reaction occurs; and reducing the inclined image to a corresponding chemical reaction occurrence position according to the parameters of the inclined arrangement.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the combustion behavior is a high pressure hydrogen bleed auto-ignition behavior.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the step of visually monitoring the combustion behavior further comprises the step of: determining the occurrence position of the combustion behavior; and after the determined occurrence position of the combustion behavior is moved into the visual monitoring area, simulating the combustion behavior under the preset working condition again.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, determining the location of occurrence of the combustion behavior is accomplished by photographing the combustion behavior.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the combustion behavior visualization test method further includes a step of judging a mechanism of the high-pressure hydrogen bleed auto-ignition behavior, the step including: comparing whether the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion behavior coincides with the position with larger shock wave intensity; and whether an electrostatic signal is detected at a location adjacent to the location where the chemical reaction occurs.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the combustion behavior is a behavior in which the high pressure hydrogen is discharged to spontaneously ignite to form an injection fire, and the combustion behavior visualization test method further includes the steps of: the relationship between combustion behavior and shock attenuation is quantified.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the combustion behavior is a premixed flame deflagration to detonation behavior, the combustion behavior visualization test method further includes the steps of: and obtaining a flow state transition mechanism of a flow field of the combustion behavior and the influence of the flow state transition mechanism on the combustion behavior according to the visual monitoring result and the shooting result.
Further, in one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the combustion behavior is a resident flame combustion behavior.
The combustion behavior visualization test apparatus and method of the present invention will be described in more detail by way of specific examples, which should be understood to be illustrative only and not limiting.
Example 1
The embodiment adopts the visual test device and the visual test method for the combustion behavior, and the test pipeline simulates the high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion behavior.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the test line 10, the gas supply unit 11 is mainly composed of a hydrogen cylinder 111 and a nitrogen cylinder 112, a pressure reducing valve 113, an electromagnetic valve 114, and a hydrogen compressor 115. The hydrogen cylinder 111 and the nitrogen cylinder 112 are connected to the downstream gas storage unit 12 through a pressure reducing valve 113, an electromagnetic valve 114, and a hydrogen compressor 115, respectively. The gas storage unit 12 mainly includes a flame arrester 121, a vacuum pump 122, an emergency release line 123, a high pressure gas cylinder 124, and a pressure gauge 125. An emergency relief line 123 is mounted at the front of the high pressure gas cylinder 124 and is vented to atmosphere for system relief in emergency situations. The high-pressure gas cylinder 124 is made of 316L stainless steel and is used for storing high-pressure hydrogen before discharging. The bleed device 13 is connected to a high pressure gas cylinder 124. When the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure gas tank 15 reaches the design pressure of the relief device 13, the relief device 13 operates to release the high-pressure hydrogen through the transparent pipe 14. The cross section of the transparent pipeline 14 is rectangular, the material is quartz glass, and the joint of the transparent pipeline 14 and the discharge device 13 is sealed by adopting silica gel to ensure air tightness. The transparent pipe 14 is perforated at the upper and lower sides for mounting the sensor assembly, and a scale is mounted at the lower side to determine the spontaneous combustion occurrence position. The protective box 15 is a square cavity made of 316L stainless steel, and the downstream is communicated with the atmosphere.
Before the experiment starts, the vacuum pump 122 is started to evacuate the gas in the gas storage unit 12, then the valve is closed to keep the vacuum state in the system, and the vacuum degree is judged whether to reach the requirement by the vacuum gauge 126. After the vacuumizing operation is completed, the high-pressure hydrogen with set pressure is filled into the high-pressure gas bottle 124, the pressure in the high-pressure gas bottle 124 is monitored in real time through the pressure gauge 125, and when the design pressure of the relief device 13 is reached, the hydrogen is released to the transparent pipeline 14.
The synchronous triggering unit 40 receives the output signal of the data analysis unit 50 when the relief occurs and the first pressure sensor 16 adjacent to the relief device 13 records a sudden rise in value, and triggers the high-speed camera 20, the schlieren, the planar laser-induced fluorescence camera to start shooting.
The pressure sensor 16 and the electrostatic sensor 17 collect pressure and electrostatic fluctuations in the transparent pipe 14 in real time during the bleeding process and transmit the data to the data analysis unit 50. The data analysis unit 50 collects and stores sensor signals during the course of the experiment and outputs signals to the synchronous trigger unit 40 when a sudden rise in value is recorded by the first pressure sensor 16 adjacent to the bleeder 13. The high-speed camera 20 starts shooting and records the spontaneous combustion occurrence position under the action of the trigger signal. The schlieren instrument can visualize the shock behavior of the hydrogen bleed process by recording the density change of the gas phase medium. The plane laser-induced fluorescence camera is high-speed, and fluorescence can be generated through a plane laser-induced chemical reaction zone (the concentration of OH free radicals is higher), so that the occurrence position of spontaneous combustion chemical reaction is visualized and discharged. The schlieren and the plane laser induced fluorescence camera simultaneously start to work under the action of the trigger signal and record shock behavior and chemical reaction behavior of the spontaneous combustion occurrence position of the discharge.
The specific arrangement and acquisition of the schlieren and planar laser-induced fluorescence cameras is shown in connection with fig. 2. The schlieren laser formed by the schlieren after receiving the trigger signal of the synchronous trigger unit 40 forms parallel light perpendicular to the transparent pipeline 14 under the reflection of the first spherical mirror 311, and finally, after focusing through the second spherical mirror 312, the flow field shock wave behavior of the area where the bleeder self-ignition occurs is recorded by the first camera 313. The plane laser induced fluorescence camera receives the trigger signal of the synchronous trigger unit 40, and the plane laser induced fluorescence camera laser 320 forms polarized light after passing through the beam splitter 321, enters along the test pipeline 10 along the reverse air flow, induces fluorescence in the normal direction of the chemical reaction place, and shoots through the second camera 322, so that the visualization of the chemical reaction area is performed. To avoid the schlieren light path, the second camera 322 is arranged slightly inclined and restores the image of the real chemical reaction area by post-processing. The second camera 322 is at the same level as the first camera 313, and the included angle between the second camera 322 and the optical path of the schlieren should be as small as possible while avoiding the optical path of the schlieren so as to reduce the distortion of the image of the chemical reaction area.
Example 2
The device of the embodiment 1 is adopted for analysis aiming at test results, and the following mechanisms of high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion under different working conditions can be determined:
when the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen discharging spontaneous combustion behavior coincides with the position with larger shock wave intensity and the static signal is detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is jointly caused by shock wave compression and static action;
When the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion behavior coincides with the position with larger shock wave intensity and no electrostatic signal is detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is only caused by shock wave compression;
When the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen discharging spontaneous combustion behavior is not coincident with the position with larger shock wave intensity and the electrostatic signal is detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, the spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is only caused by the electrostatic action; and
When the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen discharging spontaneous combustion behavior is not coincident with the position where the shock wave intensity is larger and the static signal is not detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is not caused by shock wave compression and/or static action.
Example 3
The embodiment adopts the visual test device and the visual test method for the combustion behavior, and the test pipeline simulates the behavior that the high-pressure hydrogen is discharged for spontaneous combustion and the injection fire is formed outside the pipeline.
After the high-pressure hydrogen is spontaneously combusted in the pipeline, flame can form jet fire outside the pipe orifice under certain conditions. The embodiment mainly illustrates the process and the action mechanism of forming the injection fire by using the coupling uncovering of the high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion of the schlieren and the plane laser induced fluorescence camera.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1 and 2, observation windows for facilitating laser and fluorescence transmission are provided on the left and right sides of the protection box 15 near the outlet of the transparent pipeline 14, and the outlet position of the transparent pipeline 14 is moved into the measuring light path region of the schlieren and plane laser-induced fluorescence camera by moving the test pipeline.
The specific arrangement and acquisition of the schlieren and planar laser-induced fluorescence cameras is the same as in example 1. And analyzing the visual shooting results of the schlieren and the plane laser-induced fluorescence camera, and quantifying the relationship between the maintenance behavior of the external jet fire of the pipeline and the shock attenuation behavior.
Example 4
The embodiment adopts the visual test device and the visual test method for the combustion behavior, and the test pipeline simulates the behavior of converting premixed flame detonation (DDT) in a pipeline.
In this embodiment, the pre-mixing unit may be used to fill the transparent pipeline with a combustible pre-mixing gas of a given concentration, and the bleeder device in the device shown in fig. 1 is changed to an ignition device, and the ignition device is started to be used as a starting trigger signal of the high-speed camera, the schlieren and the plane laser-induced fluorescence camera. The specific arrangement and acquisition of the schlieren and planar laser-induced fluorescence cameras is the same as in example 1. The visual shooting results of the DDT occurrence position are analyzed by a schlieren instrument and a plane laser-induced fluorescence camera, so that the flow state transition behavior and mechanism of the DDT process flow field can be revealed, and the influence of the DDT process flow state transition behavior and mechanism on the combustion reaction process can be quantitatively analyzed.
The embodiment can be used for visual research of shock wave and chemical reaction coupling behavior of a premixed flame DDT process in a pipeline.
Example 5
The embodiment adopts the combustion behavior visual test device and the combustion behavior visual test method, and the test pipeline simulates the resident flame combustion behavior and is used for visual research of a flow field and a chemical reaction process of the resident flame combustion behavior. Test lines include, but are not limited to, internal combustion engine compression combustion, pool fires, injection fires, diffusion burners (Santoro burners, etc.), premix burners (Mckenna burners, etc.), and the like.
In this embodiment, similarly to embodiment 1, the burner needs to be moved into the photographing optical path region of the visual monitoring unit. The specific arrangement and acquisition of the schlieren and planar laser-induced fluorescence cameras is the same as in example 1.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications of the above-described exemplary embodiments should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. A visual test method for combustion behavior is characterized in that a test device applied by the method comprises the following steps:
the test pipeline simulates combustion behavior under a preset working condition, and is provided with a sensor assembly; the test line has a transparent line receiving a blowdown test gas; the test pipeline can move relative to the visual monitoring unit;
A high-speed camera that photographs the transparent pipe of the test pipe;
A visual monitoring unit comprising:
A schlieren that visualizes shock behavior in the test line; the laser of the schlieren instrument forms parallel light perpendicular to the test pipeline under the reflection of the first spherical mirror, and the flow field shock wave behavior of the combustion behavior generation area is recorded by the first camera after being focused by the second spherical mirror;
The plane laser-induced fluorescence camera is used for forming light sheets after laser passes through the beam splitter through the plane laser-induced fluorescence camera, the light sheets are incident along the reverse airflow of the test pipeline, fluorescence is induced in the normal direction of the chemical reaction occurrence position, and the chemical reaction occurrence position in the test pipeline is visualized by monitoring the concentration distribution of OH free radicals; and
A data analysis unit in communication with the sensor assembly, the high speed camera, and the visual monitoring unit;
The method comprises the following steps: simulating combustion behavior under a preset working condition; collecting an electrostatic signal of the combustion behavior; shooting the combustion behavior; and visually monitoring the combustion behavior, including shock behavior visual monitoring and chemical reaction occurrence location visual monitoring;
The planar laser-induced fluorescence camera is obliquely arranged, and the step of visually monitoring the occurrence position of the chemical reaction comprises the following steps of: obtaining an oblique image of the location where the chemical reaction occurs; and reducing the oblique image to a corresponding chemical reaction occurrence position according to the parameters of the oblique arrangement;
the method further includes a step of determining a mechanism of auto-ignition behavior of the high pressure hydrogen bleed, the step comprising: comparing whether the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion behavior coincides with the position with larger shock wave intensity; and whether an electrostatic signal is detected at a position adjacent to the chemical reaction occurrence position;
when the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen discharging spontaneous combustion behavior coincides with the position with larger shock wave intensity and the static signal is detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is jointly caused by shock wave compression and static action;
When the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen release spontaneous combustion behavior coincides with the position with larger shock wave intensity and no electrostatic signal is detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is only caused by shock wave compression;
When the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen discharging spontaneous combustion behavior is not coincident with the position with larger shock wave intensity and the electrostatic signal is detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, the spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is only caused by the electrostatic action; and
When the chemical reaction occurrence position of the high-pressure hydrogen discharging spontaneous combustion behavior is not coincident with the position where the shock wave intensity is larger and the static signal is not detected at the adjacent position of the chemical reaction occurrence position, spontaneous combustion under the preset working condition is not caused by shock wave compression and/or static action.
2. The visual test method of combustion behavior according to claim 1, wherein the data analysis unit is capable of obtaining the combustion position of the test pipeline from the result photographed by the high-speed camera; the visual monitoring unit monitors the obtained combustion position.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the planar laser-induced fluorescence camera is tilted to avoid obscuring the light path of the schlieren instrument.
4. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 1, wherein the sensor assembly comprises a plurality of pressure sensors and a plurality of electrostatic sensors.
5. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 1, further comprising:
and the synchronous triggering unit is used for starting the high-speed camera and the visual monitoring unit according to the pressure of the test pipeline.
6. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 1, wherein the combustion behavior is a high pressure hydrogen bleed auto-ignition behavior, a premixed flame deflagration to detonation behavior, or a resident flame combustion behavior.
7. The visual test method for combustion behavior according to claim 1, wherein the test pipeline is provided with, in order along the air flow direction:
A gas supply unit for supplying a test gas;
A gas storage unit for storing the test gas;
and the relief device is provided with an action pressure, and is used for relieving when the test gas of the gas storage unit reaches the action pressure.
8. The visual test method for combustion behavior according to claim 7, wherein the transparent pipe has a rectangular cross section.
9. The visual test method for combustion behavior according to claim 7, wherein the test line is further provided with:
and the protective box is used for collecting the test gas exhausted by the transparent pipeline and exhausting the test gas into the atmosphere.
10. The visual test method of combustion behavior according to claim 9, wherein an observation window is provided at an end of the protective box adjacent to the transparent pipeline.
11. The visual test method of combustion behavior according to claim 7, wherein the gas storage unit is provided with a flame arrester and a vacuum pump; the relief device is a rupture disc or a safety valve.
12. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 7, wherein the sensor assemblies are evenly distributed along the transparent conduit; the transparent pipeline is provided with a scale.
13. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 1, wherein the test line comprises:
a premix unit providing a pre-set concentration of combustible premix gas;
a transparent pipe filled with the combustible premix gas; and
And the ignition device is used for igniting the combustible premixed gas in the transparent pipeline.
14. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 1, wherein the test line is a burner.
15. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 1, wherein the combustion behavior is a high pressure hydrogen off-gassing auto-ignition behavior.
16. The visual combustion behavior testing method of claim 15, wherein the step of visually monitoring the combustion behavior is preceded by the step of:
Determining the occurrence position of the combustion behavior; and
And after the determined occurrence position of the combustion behavior is moved into the visual monitoring area, simulating the combustion behavior under the preset working condition again.
17. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 16, wherein the determining of the location of occurrence of the combustion behavior is accomplished by photographing the combustion behavior.
18. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 1, wherein the combustion behavior is a behavior in which high pressure hydrogen is discharged to spontaneously ignite to form a jet fire, the combustion behavior visualization test method further comprising the steps of:
Quantifying the relationship between the combustion behavior and shock attenuation.
19. The combustion behavior visualization test method according to claim 1, wherein the combustion behavior is a premixed flame deflagration to detonation behavior, the combustion behavior visualization test method further comprising the steps of:
And obtaining a flow state transition mechanism of a flow field of the combustion behavior and the influence of the flow state transition mechanism on the combustion behavior according to the visual monitoring result and the shooting result.
20. The combustion behavior visualization test method of claim 1, wherein the combustion behavior is a resident flame combustion behavior.
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