CN114903062A - 防治茎瘤芥小菜蛾的中草药源农药、协同增效药剂 - Google Patents
防治茎瘤芥小菜蛾的中草药源农药、协同增效药剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及农作物防病虫害技术领域,尤其涉及防治茎瘤芥小菜蛾的中草药源农药、协同增效药剂。中草药源农药,包括百部,苦参,槟榔,半夏,川楝子,苦楝皮,土荆皮,细辛,苍耳,石菖蒲,蛇床子,透骨草,金银花,五倍子,黄柏,鸡冠花,白头翁,甘草,青蒿,马齿苋,金钱草,乌柏叶,荆芥,穿心莲。协同增效药剂:包括中药药液和阿维菌素原液配比得到。本发明所选用的中药对小菜蛾虫害的防治具有高效性,且价格低廉;此外解决了传统农药高残留、重污染的问题,对人体的损害以及环境的污染都降低到零或几乎为零,此外协同增效药剂可解决传统农药高残留、重污染的问题具有重要实际应用价值,为今后中草药农药复配的探究和应用奠定基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农作物防病虫害技术领域,尤其涉及一防治茎瘤芥小菜蛾的中草药源农药、协同增效药剂。
背景技术
茎瘤芥,属十字花科芸苔属。芸苔属蔬菜是我国主要蔬菜种类之一,在我国有着悠久栽培历史和丰富种植资源。茎瘤芥是涪陵榨菜加工的主要原料作物,涪陵榨菜是世界三大名腌菜之一,在国内外享有盛誉,是我国的特产。
但是在茎瘤芥种植过程中,茎瘤芥容易受病虫害侵害,如小菜蛾(Plutellaxylostella)是属于鳞翅目菜蛾科,也称为吊丝虫,是危害芥菜、甘蓝、花椰菜等十字花科蔬菜的重要害虫,逐渐取代了菜青虫成为蔬菜上的头号害虫。小菜蛾具有繁殖量大、世代短、变异快、极易产生抗药性等特点,其中尤以抗药剂性问题较为突出。在榨菜苗期危害嫩叶,茎膨大期,危害球茎,造成球茎上留下黄斑,严重影响榨菜产量和质量。
因此,研制出防治小菜蛾的高效、低毒、低抗药性、低残留的生物农药具有显著的意义。研究表明一只小菜蛾的传代数为20次,导致小菜蛾防治困难。据统计,在小菜蛾的防治方面每年投入防治资金巨大。目前,化学药的频繁使用,导致小菜蛾对很多药剂都产生了一定的抗药性。因此,寻找高效率、低毒性且安全的药剂意义重大。
当前,对中草药农药的研究已经十分成熟,这为小菜蛾的防治提供了依据,此外中草药源农药是天然成分,易于降解,与化学农药相比对环境的积蓄毒性更小、小菜蛾的抗性更低,应用前景广阔。
植物源农药是以植物体本身或以植物中可作为农药的各种生理活性物质加工而成的农药,具有选择性高、低毒、易降解、害虫不易产生抗药性等优点。
常见的小菜蛾的防治农药大多为化学试剂配制,有的杀虫效果,但对人体、环境都有超强的副作用,其中一些低毒性的激素类、有机磷农药对环境的破坏更严重,虫害易产生抗药性,导致对于虫害的预防效果却不尽人意,故急需一种高效低毒的、对人和植物无毒害、安全的新型农药的出现。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中草药源农药,用于提供一种高效低毒的、对人和植物无毒害、安全的新型农药。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中草药源农药,由以下重量份配比原料制备而成:
百部15-25份,苦参15-25份,槟榔13-23份,半夏15-25份,川楝子15-25份,苦楝皮15-25份,土荆皮15-25份,细辛15-25份,苍耳13-23份,石菖蒲10-20份,蛇床子15-25份,透骨草15-25份,金银花7-17份,五倍子10-20份,黄柏7-17份,鸡冠花10-20份,白头翁10-20份,甘草7-17份,青蒿10-20份,马齿苋1-11份,金钱草1-11份,乌柏叶13-23份,荆芥13-23份,穿心莲10-20份。
进一步地,还包括有以下重量份配比的添加剂:
乳化剂1份,消泡剂1份。
进一步地,由以下重量份配比原料制备而成:
百部20份,苦参20份,槟榔18份,半夏20份,川楝子20份,苦楝皮20份,土荆皮20份,细辛20份,苍耳18份,石菖蒲15份,蛇床子20份,透骨草20份,金银花12份,五倍子15份,黄柏12份,鸡冠花15份,白头翁15份,甘草12份,青蒿15份,马齿苋6份,金钱草6份,乌柏叶18份,荆芥18份,穿心莲15份。
本发明提供一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中草药源农药的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.按上述重量份配比称取各味中药主材,混合后倒入铝锅中;
S2.加入没过药材高度2-3cm的蒸馏水,用武火加入至沸腾后继续保持沸腾20min,过滤取滤液;
S3.滤渣,重复步骤S2的操作2次,收集三次滤液,加热浓缩成浓度为1g/ml的中药药液;
S4.将所得1g/ml的中药药液分装后放入高压灭菌锅内,110℃条件下进行灭菌处理15min。
S5.加入上述重量份配比的消泡剂、乳化剂,混合均匀后,装入瓶内分装,常温保存。
本发明提供一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中药农药与化学农药协同增效药剂,包括中药药液,按上述组分及配比制备得到;
化学药液:阿维菌素原液;
其配比为:
3份中药药液的两倍稀释液:1份阿维菌素原液,
或,
7份中药药液的四倍稀释液:1份阿维菌素原液。
进一步地,还包括有以下重量份配比的添加剂:
1份乳化剂,1份消泡剂。
本发明至少具备以下有益效果:
本发明所选用的中药对小菜蛾虫害的防治具有高效性,且价格低廉;此外解决了传统农药高残留、重污染的问题,对人体的损害以及环境的污染都降低到零或几乎为零;此外还可以根据小菜蛾虫害的严重程度,进行一些中药与化学药剂的重量混合分量占比调控,而达到更好的防治效果,实用价值极高,值得广泛地推广。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明配比的示意图;
图2为拒食作用效果图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明提供的一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中草药源农药,具体包括以下实施例:
实施例1:参阅图1
本发明的中草药源农药由以下重量份组分组成:
中药主材:
百部20份,苦参20份,槟榔18份,半夏20份,川楝子20份,苦楝皮20份,土荆皮20份,细辛20份,苍耳18份,石菖蒲15份,蛇床子20份,透骨草20份,金银花12份,五倍子15份,黄柏12份,鸡冠花15份,白头翁15份,甘草12份,青蒿15份,马齿苋6份,金钱草6份,乌柏叶18份,荆芥18份,穿心莲15份;
添加剂:
乳化剂1份,消泡剂1份。
本实施例的中药材的加工方法如下:
S1.按重量份配比称取各味中药主材,混合后倒入铝锅中;
S2.加入没过药材高度2~3cm的蒸馏水,用武火加入至沸腾后继续保持沸腾20min,过滤取滤液;
S3.滤渣重复步骤S2的操作2次,收集三次滤液,加热浓缩成浓度为1g/ml的中药药液;
S4.将所得1g/ml的中药药液分装后放入高压灭菌锅内,110℃条件下进行灭菌处理15min。
S5.加入重量份配比的消泡剂、乳化剂,混合均匀后,装入瓶内分装,常温保存即可。
为此,我们对本实施例的进行了效果验证,如下:
(1)触杀试验法
采用浸虫法进行触杀实验。选取小菜蛾3龄幼虫放入圆桶状滤网中,置于按照0、2、4稀释倍数稀释的中药药液内分别浸渍10s后取出,(记为A组、B组、C组)用滤纸吸取试虫体表多余药液,转入装有新鲜茎瘤芥叶片并垫有保湿滤纸的培养皿(φ=9cm)中,置于培养箱内25℃、湿度70%RH饲养,每处理20头重复,以含0.05%吐温-80溶液作对照(记为D组),重复3次。
药后1、2、3、4、5d分别调查试验虫的死亡情况,以虫体腐烂、变软、用毛笔轻触无反应则认为死亡,计算死亡率,以评价效果。
防效率(%)=死亡虫数/供试虫总数×100%
实验结果:
表1触杀试验
注:A、B、C分别为中药药液依次稀释0倍、2倍、4倍后的药剂;D为空白对照
由此,可知:本发明的中药药液对小菜蛾的防效在25%~35%,与浓度成正相关。
实施例2:
本发明还用于公开一种中药农药与化学农药协同增效药剂,具体的:
包括上述实施例1中的中药药液;
化学药液:阿维菌素原液;
添加剂:乳化剂、消泡剂;
其配比为:
3份中药药液的两倍稀释液或者7份中药药液的四倍稀释液:1份阿维菌素原液:1份乳化剂:1份消泡剂。
我们对本实施例的进行了效果验证,如下:
(1)拒食作用试验法
采用载毒叶片法进行拒食实验。
将新鲜茎瘤芥叶片用圆形打孔器(φ=1.4cm)打成叶碟,分别放入稀释后中药药液、化学药液、混合药液(即为本实施例协同增效药剂)和对照溶液内浸渍30s后,晾干,放入垫有湿润滤纸的培养皿中。选择性试验每个培养皿等距离放入4个叶碟,即对照、处理叶碟共4个;非选择性试验每个培养皿放入4个处理叶碟或对照叶碟。每个培养皿内接入已饥饿3h的3龄幼虫1头,每个处理重复20次,即总虫数20头(n=20)。试验中根据幼虫取食情况及时添加经相同处理的叶碟。
其中,A组:对照溶液0.05%吐温-80水溶液;B组:中药药液;C组:混合药液;D组:化学药液。
实验结果请参阅图2。可知,本实施例的化学药液与化学药液的拒食作用无明显差异,且有效降低了化学药阿维菌素的用量。
(2)胃毒作用试验法
采用叶碟添加法进行胃毒实验。
将茎瘤芥叶片在供试药液内浸渍30s后,晾干,放入垫有湿润滤纸的培养皿中,每个培养皿接入饥饿3h小菜蛾3龄幼虫20头,以含0.05%吐温-80水溶液处理作对照,重复3次。连续饲喂5d每日观察试虫中毒死亡情况,计算死亡率和校正死亡率,以评价效果。
其中,A组:化学药剂阿维菌素;B组:化学药剂阿维菌素与本发明中药药剂按照1:1进行配比的混合药剂;C组:本发明中药药剂;D组:0.05%吐温-80水溶液。
实验结果:
表2胃毒作用试验
由此,可知:药后3d小菜蛾有大量死亡的趋势,混合药液与化学药原液无差异,并且在取得相同的防治效果前提下,有效降低了的化学药阿维菌素的用量。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。本发明要求的保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中草药源农药,其特征在于,由以下重量份配比原料制备而成:
百部15-25份,苦参15-25份,槟榔13-23份,半夏15-25份,川楝子15-25份,苦楝皮15-25份,土荆皮15-25份,细辛15-25份,苍耳13-23份,石菖蒲10-20份,蛇床子15-25份,透骨草15-25份,金银花7-17份,五倍子10-20份,黄柏7-17份,鸡冠花10-20份,白头翁10-20份,甘草7-17份,青蒿10-20份,马齿苋1-11份,金钱草1-11份,乌柏叶13-23份,荆芥13-23份,穿心莲10-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中草药源农药,其特征在于,还包括有以下重量份配比的添加剂:
乳化剂1份,消泡剂1份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中草药源农药,其特征在于,由以下重量份配比原料制备而成:
百部20份,苦参20份,槟榔18份,半夏20份,川楝子20份,苦楝皮20份,土荆皮20份,细辛20份,苍耳18份,石菖蒲15份,蛇床子20份,透骨草20份,金银花12份,五倍子15份,黄柏12份,鸡冠花15份,白头翁15份,甘草12份,青蒿15份,马齿苋6份,金钱草6份,乌柏叶18份,荆芥18份,穿心莲15份。
4.一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中草药源农药的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.按权利要求1或权利要求3的重量份配比称取各味中药主材,混合后倒入铝锅中;
S2.加入没过药材高度2-3cm的蒸馏水,用武火加入至沸腾后继续保持沸腾20min,过滤取滤液;
S3.滤渣,重复步骤S2的操作2次,收集三次滤液,加热浓缩成浓度为1g/ml的中药药液;
S4.将所得1g/ml的中药药液分装后放入高压灭菌锅内,110℃条件下进行灭菌处理15min。
S5.加入如权利要求2重量份配比的消泡剂、乳化剂,混合均匀后,装入瓶内分装,常温保存。
5.一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中药农药与化学农药协同增效药剂,其特征在于,包括中药药液,按权利要求1或权利要求3组分及配比制备得到;
化学药液:阿维菌素原液;
其配比为:
3份中药药液的两倍稀释液:1份阿维菌素原液,
或,
7份中药药液的四倍稀释液:1份阿维菌素原液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于茎瘤芥小菜蛾防治的中药农药与化学农药协同增效药剂,其特征在于,还包括有以下重量份配比的添加剂:
1份乳化剂,1份消泡剂。
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