CN114901581A - Falling protector - Google Patents
Falling protector Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114901581A CN114901581A CN202080082164.7A CN202080082164A CN114901581A CN 114901581 A CN114901581 A CN 114901581A CN 202080082164 A CN202080082164 A CN 202080082164A CN 114901581 A CN114901581 A CN 114901581A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- spring
- fall arrester
- eccentric
- pawl
- brake shoe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
- B66B5/20—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces by means of rotatable eccentrically-mounted members
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Maintenance And Inspection Apparatuses For Elevators (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to elevator structures and aims to improve manufacturability, reduce the force required to release the elevator from a fall arrester, thereby improving its operating characteristics, reduce the size of the fall arrester structure and the amount of metal required to produce the fall arrester, and provide greater reliability and longer service life. This technical result is achieved by a fall arrester comprising a base (body) to which an eccentric pawl and a spring-loaded brake shoe are fixed. The brake shoe includes a guide shaft on which a disc spring pack is mounted to allow control of the braking force, a cleat and a shoe with a spring-loaded centering mechanism. The over-center pawl is pivotally mounted on the body of the fall arrester and comprises a body on which wedges are arranged, at least one of which is spring-loaded by a belleville spring and a flat control element (washer or plate).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to elevator engineering, in particular to a bidirectional soft braking safety catch for a safe emergency stop and holding it on a guide rail in the event of an elevator car (counterweight) exceeding a set speed (including a break in the traction element).
Background
The prior art discloses a safety catch on a device for lifting loads of elevators, which device has a braking device which interacts with a track rail of the device for lifting loads, wherein the braking device comprises a cam disc which is mounted so as to rotate about the axis of the cam disc, wherein the safety catch comprises an electrically controlled actuating mechanism which actuates the safety catch by rotating the cam disc through an angle required for actuation, wherein the cam disc is designed in such a way that, when rotated through the actuation angle, the cam disc comes into contact with the track rail, so that the track rail, which is moved together with a displacement device for lifting loads relative to the safety catch, rotates the cam disc into a position in which the braking device and thus the safety catch produce a desired braking effect on the track rail. The electrically controlled actuating mechanism comprises a pivotally mounted actuating lever and an actuating spring, wherein the actuating lever is fixed in an initial position and, if the actuating mechanism is released by the actuating spring, the actuating lever is provided with the possibility to move to an end position, wherein the actuating lever is connected to the cam plate in such a way that a movement of the actuating lever from the initial position to the end position by the actuating spring causes the cam plate to rotate at an actuating angle (RU 2607906, 11.01.2017).
A disadvantage of the known solutions is that it is difficult to release the elevator car/counterweight from the fall arrester due to the large forces that need to be applied and that the dimensions are relatively large to ensure self-tightening, which reduces its performance and increases the metal consumption of the structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to expand the terminology of the technical device of the safety catch, reduce the acting force released by an elevator car (counterweight) from the safety catch, contribute to improving the performance of the safety catch, reduce the size and the metal consumption of the safety catch structure, and increase the actuating reliability and the service life of the safety catch.
The technical effects achieved by implementing the invention are that the safety of the elevator equipment and the actuating reliability of the safety catcher are improved, the braking force is controlled, the force of the elevator car (counterweight) released from the safety catcher is reduced, and the metal consumption of the structure is reduced. This technical result is achieved in a fall arrester comprising a base (body) to which an eccentric pawl and a spring-loaded brake shoe are fixed. The brake shoe includes a guide shaft on which a set of disc springs are mounted to allow control of the braking force, a clamping plate and a shoe with a spring-loaded centering mechanism. The over-center pawl is pivotally mounted on the body of the fall arrester and comprises a body with a wedge disposed thereon, at least one of which is spring-loaded by a belleville spring and a flat adjustment element (washer or plate).
The eccentric pawl wedge has a serrated recess in the lead-in portion.
The outer surface of the shoe that contacts the guide rail during braking has a notch.
The mating surfaces of the shoe and the clamping plate are coated with grease.
Between the shoe and the clamping plate, a sliding plate may be placed, the surface of the sliding plate in contact with the clamping plate being coated with a low friction coating.
The cleat may have a low friction coating applied to the surface in contact with the slipper or plate.
The braking force of the disk spring pack is adjusted by means of a flat adjusting element (plate, washer) by means of which the required play between the eccentric pawl wedge and the brake shoe can also be adjusted.
Drawings
The claimed invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 shows the general arrangement of the fall arrester; FIG. 2 shows a fall arrestor actuation mechanism; FIG. 3 shows the general arrangement of the brake shoe design; FIG. 4 shows the construction of an eccentric pawl; FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the rotation of the eccentric pawl relative to the neutral position; FIG. 6 shows an eccentric pawl wedge; FIG. 7 is a state diagram showing the self-tightening of the eccentric pawl; FIG. 8 shows a brake shoe construction; fig. 9 shows a schematic view of the movement of the brake shoe when the elevator car is released from the safety brake; fig. 10 shows a brake shoe with a sliding plate mounted with a coating that ensures low friction between the shoe and the clamping plate.
Detailed Description
The safety brake operates as a component of the elevator safety system and is automatically triggered in the up-and-down movement when the car (counterweight) governor stops.
The safety brake has to ensure that the car (counterweight) stops with an acceleration safe for humans and that the elevator car is reliably held on the guide rails until the problem is eliminated and the car is released from the safety brake.
The safety brake device of the proposed design is mounted on the car or counterweight of a passenger or freight elevator and interacts with each guide rail of the car or counterweight. The proposed fall arrester arrangement comprises a base (body) 1, an over-centre pawl 2 on a shaft 5 and a brake shoe 3 with a disc spring pack 4 (figure 1).
The eccentric pawls of the two safety guards are connected by a linkage system between themselves and the traction element.
Fig. 2 shows the mechanism for actuating the safety brake, wherein the following parts (elements) are indicated after the numerals: 6-car lower beam, 7-safety catch, 8-traction element, 9-return spring, 10-connecting rod system, 11-synchronizing shaft, 12-rope rod.
A return spring is provided in the safety gear synchronizing system to maintain the safety gear eccentric pawl in a neutral state during normal elevator operation. It can prevent the fall arrester from actuating spontaneously due to slight impact and vibration.
When the set speed of the elevator is exceeded, the traction element tightens, pulling the lever connected thereto and moving the eccentric pawl out of the neutral position.
The eccentric teeth contact the working surface of the guide rail. Due to the friction, it tightens itself and presses the guide rail against the brake shoe of the safety brake. To ensure the self-tightening process, the working element of the eccentric pawl has a special serrated surface.
Due to the linkage system and the synchronizing shaft, the safety brake is synchronously actuated on both sides.
The elevator car (counterweight) stops due to the effect of friction, which in turn depends on the coefficient of friction and the force with which the friction surfaces press against each other.
The car deceleration load is specified by elevator industry standards. To ensure passenger safety, it should be in the range of 0.2g < n <1 g.
In order to meet the requirements of the car (counterweight) on allowable deceleration load and smooth braking, the sliding shoes transmit force to the falling protector body through the disc spring group, and the disc spring group is selected according to the weight and the lifting capacity of the car. The eccentric pawl structure also has a belleville spring pack designed to adjust the braking force and ensure a safe condition during emergency braking of upward movement of the elevator car.
When the car (counterweight) stops, the working elements (shoes and eccentric pawls) of the fall arrester continue to hold the elevator car (counterweight) in a stationary position. The car (counterweight) is released from the fall arrester by raising or lowering it at a low speed. The direction of movement depends on the side of the eccentric pawl that rotates.
FIG. 3 shows the construction of a brake shoe, where 13 is a friction face with notches; 14 is a lubricating surface; 15 is a brake shoe; 16 is a centering spring; and 17 is a splint.
In order to ensure an easy release of the elevator car (counterweight) from the safety brake, they comprise a movable brake shoe which can be moved up and down from a neutral position.
When the downward moving car (counterweight) is braked, the shoes move upward from the neutral position. When the upward moving car (counterweight) is braked, the shoes move downward from the neutral position.
The outer surface of the shoe has a special recess to help release grease from the running surface of the rail and increase the coefficient of friction without damaging it.
The mating surfaces of the shoe and the clamping plate are coated with grease. The difference in the coefficients of friction, combined with the full travel of the shoes, helps to simplify the release of the secured eccentric pawl when the elevator car (counterweight) is released from the fall arrester. This in turn helps to reduce the force to release the elevator car (counterweight) fall arrestor from the fall arrestor and reduces the effort to recover the elevator from service and improves the performance of the fall arrestor.
The centering spring provided in the shoe construction is intended to keep it in the nominal position during normal operation of the elevator.
In the construction of the safety brake device, eccentric pawls are used as structural elements to press the brake shoes against the guide rail with the necessary force.
The eccentric pawl consists of the following components (see fig. 4): 18-eccentric pawl body, 19-wedge; 20-axis; 21-a set of belleville springs; 22-flat adjusting element (washer or plate); 23-mounting screws.
The eccentric pawl has a central bore through which the shaft is inserted through the central bore of the fall arrestor body. The eccentric pawl can rotate in one direction or the other relative to its neutral position (see fig. 1). The direction of rotation depends on the direction of movement of the elevator car (counterweight) (see fig. 5), wherein: a is braking down car (counterweight) and b is braking up car (counterweight).
In order to comply with technical regulations for overload occurring when the car is stopped in an emergency, it is necessary to be able to adjust the braking force. The force braking the car depends on the downward force generated by the eccentric. When stopping the downward traveling car, it is necessary to generate a force exceeding the force of braking the upward traveling car. Thus, in fig. 5 b, the eccentric wedge pressing the guide rail against the shoe is mounted on the body by the disc spring pack stack.
For the correct functioning of the eccentric pawl, a precise relative arrangement of the working surfaces of the wedge (the surfaces that rub against the surfaces of the guide 31) with respect to its central axis is necessary. The wedge position is adjusted by selecting a flat adjustment element (washer, plate) 22 (see fig. 4) of the desired thickness.
The proposed construction concept makes it possible to use identically designed wedges and similarly constructed eccentric pawls for elevators of different hoisting capacity and also to reduce the consumption of alloy steel, since the alloy steel is used only for the wedges and not for the entire eccentric pawl. The lifting capacity is adjusted by selecting the number of disc springs in the disc spring pack 21 and the thickness of the flat adjusting element (washer, plate) 22. This in turn improves the efficiency of production, assembly and quality control of the eccentric pawl and fall arrester as a whole.
The proposed eccentric construction allows the deceleration value produced by the fall arrester to be sufficient to reliably stop an elevator moving downwards or upwards, taking into account the functioning of the mechanism.
The eccentric wedge is a working element of an eccentric structure and directly interacts with the guide rail in the operation process of the falling protector.
To ensure self-tightening, the eccentric wedge has a special saw-tooth-shaped recess in the lead-in part, which makes it possible to reduce the overall dimensions of the eccentric pawl and of the safety brake device, due to the local increase in the coefficient of friction at the moment of self-tightening. This in turn helps to reduce the metal consumption of the fall arrester. The geometry of the outer surface of the wedge and the recess is shown in fig. 6 and is determined by the formula f.1.
Where Rn is the vertical distance from the rotation axis to the tooth tips when the tooth tips contact the guide rail 31, Rf is the horizontal distance from the rotation axis to the tooth tips when the tooth tips contact the guide rail 31, and μ шарн Is the coefficient of friction in the eccentric hinge unit, mu is the coefficient of friction of the eccentric wedge along the guide rail, r в Is the radius of the eccentric shaft (see fig. 7). The combination of Rn and Rf for each subsequent tooth varies according to the compression of the slipper belleville spring.
The presence of the above-mentioned teeth on the lead-in part of the wedge ensures that the eccentric pawl is brought into the working locked position when the speed limiter is actuated.
The brake shoes of the safety brake ensure that the elevator car stops with the required force.
The brake shoe comprises the following structural elements (see fig. 8): 24-a slipper; 17-a splint; 25-a guide shaft; 26-belleville springs; 27-flat adjusting element (washer or plate); 16-a centering spring; 28-guide pins.
In order to reduce the force with which the elevator car is released from the safety brake, the construction of the brake shoe allows it to be moved from a neutral position in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the elevator car when it arrives on the safety brake. When the elevator car is released from the fall arrester, the shoes will also move in the opposite direction to the car movement. After passing the nominal position it will move to the extreme position and the eccentric pawl wheel will disengage (see fig. 9).
The shoe operating stroke is selected in such a way that the eccentric pawl is completely disengaged from the guide rail.
During normal elevator operation, the centering spring 16 holds the shoes in a nominal position.
In order to minimize friction between the slipper 24 and the clamping plate 17, grease is applied to their contact surfaces. It also allows the use of an intermediate part, i.e. a plate with a coating 30, which provides low friction on the working surface (see fig. 10). In addition, a similar coating 30 may be applied to the surfaces of the cleat 17 (FIG. 8) that contact the slipper 24 (FIG. 9) or the intermediate plate 29 (FIG. 10).
On the outer surface of the shoe, which is in contact with the guide rail 31 during braking, a recess is applied. With the aid of this recess, grease, dust and particles are released from the area where the shoe contacts the rail, thereby reducing the coefficient of friction.
The dimensions of the belleville spring packs 26 and the flat adjusting element (washer or plate) are selected according to the hoisting capacity of the elevator and the type of guide rail 31 used.
The spring contributes to the adjustment of the braking force of the car, while the flat adjusting element is used to adjust the required clearance between the eccentric wedge and the brake shoe.
Claims (7)
1. A falling protector is characterized by comprising a base part, an eccentric pawl and a spring-loaded brake shoe are fixed on the base part, the brake shoe comprises a guide shaft, and a disc spring group capable of adjusting braking force is arranged on the guide shaft; a cleat and a slipper with a spring centering mechanism, wherein an over-center pawl is pivotally mounted on the fall arrestor body and comprises an over-center pawl body with wedges thereon, at least one of the wedges being spring loaded by a belleville spring and a flat adjustment element.
2. The fall arrester of claim 1 wherein the eccentric pawl wedge has a serrated notch on the lead-in.
3. The fall arrester of claim 1 wherein the notch is applied to an outer surface of the shoe that contacts the rail during braking.
4. The fall arrester of claim 1 wherein grease is applied to mating surfaces of the slipper and the cleat.
5. The fall arrester of claim 1 wherein a sliding plate having a coating on its working surface is located between the slipper and the clamping plate, which provides a low coefficient of friction.
6. The fall arrester of claim 1 wherein the coating is applied to a surface of the cleat in contact with the slipper or sliding plate, which provides a low coefficient of friction.
7. The fall arrester of claim 1 wherein the braking force is adjusted by a set of belleville springs and a flat adjustment member that also adjusts the desired clearance between the eccentric wedge and the brake shoe.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2019130479A RU2718706C1 (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Catcher |
| RU2019130479 | 2019-11-07 | ||
| PCT/RU2020/050314 WO2021091431A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2020-11-03 | Safety catch |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114901581A true CN114901581A (en) | 2022-08-12 |
Family
ID=70277737
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202080082164.7A Pending CN114901581A (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2020-11-03 | Falling protector |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114901581A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2718706C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021091431A1 (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0899231A1 (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 1999-03-03 | Aufzugstechnologie Schlosser GmbH | Double action braking device |
| KR200213956Y1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2001-02-15 | 주식회사동광사우 | A brake system for a elevator |
| WO2001079103A1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-25 | Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency | Brake device for elevator |
| CN101679001A (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2010-03-24 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Safety device of elevator |
| CN102530677A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2012-07-04 | 苏州莱茵电梯制造有限公司 | Safety gear with cam structure |
| WO2015055539A1 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-04-23 | Cobianchi Liftteile Ag | Progressive safety gear and method for conveying means |
| WO2017149968A1 (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-09-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Elevator brake device |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1729988A1 (en) * | 1990-03-11 | 1992-04-30 | Украинский Государственный Проектный И Конструкторско-Технологический Институт "Укрспецмонтажпроект" | Catcher for load-handling mechanisms |
| BRPI0601926B1 (en) * | 2005-06-17 | 2018-06-12 | Inventio Aktiengesellschaft | BRAKE PARACHUTE DEVICE |
| KR101033343B1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2011-05-09 | 미쓰비시덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Safety device for elevator |
| SG11201405459SA (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2014-10-30 | Inventio Ag | Catch device in a lift system |
| AU2013351429B2 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2017-01-19 | Inventio Ag | Safety catch for a traveling body of an elevator system |
-
2019
- 2019-11-07 RU RU2019130479A patent/RU2718706C1/en active
-
2020
- 2020-11-03 WO PCT/RU2020/050314 patent/WO2021091431A1/en active Application Filing
- 2020-11-03 CN CN202080082164.7A patent/CN114901581A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0899231A1 (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 1999-03-03 | Aufzugstechnologie Schlosser GmbH | Double action braking device |
| WO2001079103A1 (en) * | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-25 | Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency | Brake device for elevator |
| KR200213956Y1 (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2001-02-15 | 주식회사동광사우 | A brake system for a elevator |
| CN101679001A (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2010-03-24 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Safety device of elevator |
| CN102530677A (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2012-07-04 | 苏州莱茵电梯制造有限公司 | Safety gear with cam structure |
| WO2015055539A1 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-04-23 | Cobianchi Liftteile Ag | Progressive safety gear and method for conveying means |
| WO2017149968A1 (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2017-09-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Elevator brake device |
| CN108698791A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2018-10-23 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Brake device for elevator |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021091431A1 (en) | 2021-05-14 |
| RU2718706C1 (en) | 2020-04-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5007505A (en) | Elevator traction sheave brake | |
| EP2688825B1 (en) | Elevator braking system | |
| JP5026743B2 (en) | Progressive safety device | |
| CN101200259B (en) | Braking device for holding and braking a lift cabin in a lift facility and method for holding and braking a lift facility | |
| EP2699506B1 (en) | Elevator brake having a brake release feature | |
| WO2003008317A1 (en) | Emergency brake device of elevator | |
| US7591351B2 (en) | Brake for a lift | |
| KR102079432B1 (en) | Elevator safety clamping jaw | |
| CN101287670B (en) | Elevator with electronic urgent safety clamp | |
| CA2408024C (en) | Braking device for a lift | |
| JP2022551320A (en) | Actuating unit for operating the elevator brake | |
| WO2014157566A1 (en) | Brake device and crane with brake device | |
| JP5603755B2 (en) | Elevator equipment | |
| JP4594803B2 (en) | Elevator emergency stop device | |
| CN111332899A (en) | Safety brake device of elevator | |
| US11597633B2 (en) | Elevator safety brake, elevator and method for testing elevator safety brakes | |
| US20180208433A1 (en) | Safety block for elevator | |
| CN114901581A (en) | Falling protector | |
| CN114746353B (en) | Elevator and emergency stop device thereof | |
| JP6868681B1 (en) | Elevator emergency stop device | |
| CN111741915B (en) | Caliper brake for an elevator installation, in particular as a parking and safety brake | |
| WO2005068337A1 (en) | Elevator safety device | |
| EP3517473A1 (en) | Inertia brake for braking a governor rope of a governor system of an elevator system | |
| TR2022007350T2 (en) | CATCHER | |
| CN111170114B (en) | Quick response elevator arresting gear and elevator |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |