CN114899507A - Battery system and multistage battery system with emergent processing function of accident - Google Patents
Battery system and multistage battery system with emergent processing function of accident Download PDFInfo
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- CN114899507A CN114899507A CN202111637688.0A CN202111637688A CN114899507A CN 114899507 A CN114899507 A CN 114899507A CN 202111637688 A CN202111637688 A CN 202111637688A CN 114899507 A CN114899507 A CN 114899507A
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a battery system and a multi-stage battery system having an accident emergency disposal function, the battery system having the accident emergency disposal function including: a housing, a cooling module, and a battery; the shell is used for enclosing the battery therein; the shell is provided with an accident smoke output interface; the cooling module includes: the flue gas treatment device comprises a cavity, a flue gas access pipeline, a flue gas treatment part and a flue gas output structure; the cavity is used for storing working media for cooling accident smoke; the flue gas access pipeline is communicated with the accident flue gas output interface and the flue gas processing part; the smoke treatment part is arranged in the working medium and covered by the working medium so as to cool smoke generated by a battery accident through the cooling module; the flue gas output structure is used for discharging the flue gas subjected to cooling treatment by the cooling module. The cooling module has the beneficial effects that a large amount of high-temperature flue gas escaping from the battery module in an accident state can be intensively and quickly treated through the cooling module, and the risk of secondary accidents caused by the high-temperature flue gas is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function and a multistage battery system, and belongs to the technical field of batteries and electric energy storage systems.
Background
With the rapid development of the energy storage industry, a lithium battery energy storage system is used as an important technical scheme in a large amount, and the usage amount of lithium batteries is rapidly increased. As the lithium battery belongs to an intrinsic unsafe system and under the condition of centralized and large-scale use, the consequences can not be expected if a malignant accident happens. Therefore, the consistent view in the industry is to strengthen the safety early warning and protection of the system, take the prevention as the main, avoid the occurrence of accidents and block the spread of the accidents. However, for a sudden malignant accident with a low probability, the existing multi-stage protection measures are possibly broken through to cause serious consequences, so a high-reliability treatment scheme should be designed in a targeted manner, and a comprehensive safety system is formed.
Battery modules and energy storage systems composed of a plurality of battery modules are characterized by a high energy density. When a violent runaway reaction occurs inside the battery module, a large amount of combustible flue gas (high-temperature flue gas) is formed from a relatively narrow space and a large amount of reaction heat is generated. In the process of rapid diffusion, the high-temperature combustible flue gas can be burnt or even exploded if contacting with air, so that the accident is more serious or the accident is spread. High temperature combustible flue gases are characterized by uncertainty and potentially high risk, adding to the complexity of incident disposal.
Since the battery system is a charged body, particularly for a large-sized battery system, it is not recommended to directly use a large amount of water for accident disposal because the conductive property of water may aggravate the accident reaction. And since the energy density of the battery system is extremely high, the utilization rate of water by fire fighting measures of spraying water from the outside is low, and there is a large amount of loss. In the prior art, the battery accident cannot be efficiently handled by using cheap water as a fire-fighting medium, so that the handling cost is undoubtedly increased, and the accident risk is increased.
In the existing fire-fighting measures, the measure of directly handling the accident position of a battery system is adopted, but the spreading and the diffusion of the accident cannot be completely restrained in the handling process due to the high energy density and the limited handling space of the battery system; although the smoke is intensively and directionally discharged, the danger of high-temperature smoke cannot be effectively reduced, and secondary disasters and environmental pollution are easily caused. Therefore, it is difficult to remove the great amount of heat generated in a short time in the conventional fire fighting measures, and it is not possible to effectively reduce the risk of the high-temperature flammable smoke, so that it is necessary to improve the conventional emergency disposal system for the battery module.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a battery system with emergency accident disposal function, so as to solve the problems of the background art mentioned above.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a battery system having emergency disposal of an accident, comprising: a housing, a cooling module and a battery; the shell is used for enclosing the battery therein; the shell is provided with an accident smoke output interface; in the battery accident state, the smoke generated by the battery accident is discharged from the shell through the accident smoke output interface;
the cooling module includes: the flue gas treatment device comprises a cavity, a flue gas access pipeline, a flue gas treatment part and a flue gas output structure; the cavity is used for storing working media for cooling accident smoke; the flue gas access pipeline is communicated with the accident flue gas output interface and the flue gas processing part; the smoke treatment part is arranged in the working medium to cool smoke generated by a battery accident; the flue gas output structure is used for discharging the flue gas subjected to cooling treatment by the cooling module.
The shell is a structural body with a protection function, can maintain the stability of the shell in an accident state, and is combined with a flue gas access pipeline to realize the directional discharge of accident flue gas; the shell can be a fixed structure, such as a battery pack shell, a battery cabinet body and the like; or the structure can be a movable structure, such as a fireproof rolling door, which is rolled up at ordinary times and unfolded during accidents to realize isolation protection; or, the battery is temporarily moved into the shell when an accident happens, so as to realize accident treatment.
As a further scheme of the invention: the smoke treatment part is provided with a smoke outlet for discharging smoke generated by a battery accident into a working medium; the smoke outlet is arranged in the working medium; the flue gas after the temperature reduction treatment by the working medium is discharged outwards through the flue gas output structure.
As a further scheme of the invention: the flue gas treatment part is arranged at the bottom of the cavity; the smoke treatment part is provided with a plurality of smoke outlets.
As a further scheme of the invention: the battery system with the accident emergency treatment function also comprises a one-way valve or a fluid flow direction control device; the one-way valve or the fluid flow direction control device is connected with one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access pipeline and the smoke processing part.
As a further scheme of the invention: the battery system with the accident emergency handling function also comprises a forced smoke exhaust device; and the forced smoke exhaust device is connected with one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access pipeline and the smoke processing part.
As a further scheme of the invention: the smoke output interface and/or the smoke access pipeline are/is provided with a fire-fighting agent injection port.
As a further scheme of the invention: the flue gas treatment part comprises: a flue gas heat exchanger; the flue gas heat exchanger is at least partially covered by the working medium; the flue gas passes through the flue gas heat exchanger and outwards discharges via the flue gas output structure after carrying out the heat exchange with the outside working medium of flue gas heat exchanger.
As a further scheme of the invention: the smoke output structure is arranged at the upper part of the cooling module.
As a further scheme of the invention: and a chimney which extends upwards and is used for smoke discharge is arranged in the smoke output structure.
As a further scheme of the invention: the lower part of the cavity stores working medium; the upper part of the cavity is provided with an air cavity for playing a role of buffering for balancing gas pressure.
As a further scheme of the invention: the cooling module is also provided with an air supply device; the air supply device is used for mixing the treated flue gas with air to reduce the concentration of combustible substances in the flue gas.
As a further scheme of the invention: the battery system with the accident emergency disposal function further comprises a working medium circulating system, wherein the working medium circulating system comprises a working medium injection port and a working medium discharge port, and the working medium circulating system is used for replacing and/or cooling the working medium.
As a further scheme of the invention: the working medium inlet is positioned above the cooling module, and the working medium outlet is positioned at the bottom of the cooling module.
The utility model provides a battery system that is used for vehicle battery to have emergent processing function of accident sets up the above-mentioned battery system that has emergent processing function of accident in the vehicle, and flue gas output structure is connected with and is used for guiding the flue gas to discharge and can connect external cooling module to carry out secondary treatment's outside smoke exhaust pipe to the flue gas.
A multi-stage battery system with emergency handling of accidents, comprising: the battery system with the accident emergency handling function comprises a plurality of stages;
the shells of the battery systems with the accident emergency disposal function at all levels adopt a hierarchical nested structure, and the shells of a plurality of battery systems with the accident emergency disposal function at low levels are sealed in the shells of the battery systems with the accident emergency disposal function at high levels.
As a further scheme of the invention: the cooling module can be arranged as a stationary cooling module, which is fixedly connected to the housing.
As a further scheme of the invention: the cooling module can be set as a movable cooling module, and is connected with the shell through the butt joint of the smoke access pipeline and the accident smoke output interface under the condition of battery accidents.
As a further scheme of the invention: at least one part of the smoke access pipeline of the low-level battery system is wrapped in the shell of the high-level battery system, the smoke access pipeline of the part is provided with a pressure relief interface, and when the pressure relief interface is opened, accident smoke can be directly led into the shell of the high-level battery system.
As a further scheme of the invention: when the accident scope is controlled in the battery system with low level, starting the emergency disposal function of the battery system with low level;
and when the accident scope breaks through the battery system with the low level, starting an emergency disposal function of the battery system with the high level.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. a large amount of high temperature flue gas that can concentrate under the accident condition to deal with fast through cooling module, eliminate the risk that causes secondary accident by high temperature flue gas. The cooling module can accumulate a large amount of cold energy, and is enough to cool the high-temperature flue gas which is intensively exploded in a short period to the normal temperature and then discharge the high-temperature flue gas, thereby avoiding secondary accidents caused by the discharge of the flue gas. Because the flue gas is always in a closed environment, the chance of contacting oxygen before being cooled and discharged is low, so that the accident of the battery module is mainly embodied as pyrolysis instead of pyrolysis plus combustion, and the hazard level and duration of the accident are greatly reduced. The defect that an indoor power station is not beneficial to fire control management can be overcome through the treatment of battery accidents, and the safe operation of the indoor energy storage power station is guaranteed.
2. Because the heat insulation sealing treatment is firstly carried out on the battery module, as long as the accident smoke can be smoothly discharged and can be treated in time, the sealing structure of the battery module can not be damaged due to the rise of the internal pressure, thereby achieving the effect of blocking the spread of the accident.
3. The working medium is liquid or solid water or a solution mainly containing water, and it is needless to say that fire-fighting agents capable of suppressing accidents may be added to the water as appropriate. The technical scheme of the invention not only can fully exert the advantages of large specific heat capacity and large phase change latent heat of water, greatly improve the utilization efficiency of water, reduce the water consumption, but also avoid the risk that the water with conductivity directly contacts with a battery system to aggravate the accident reaction.
4. Compared with the fire extinguishing agent generally adopted in the prior art, the water has the advantages of low cost, no limit of shelf life and high reliability.
5. The system is provided with the circulating filtration subsystem, impurities (such as a large amount of particulate matters and partial VOCs components) adsorbed by the liquid working medium can be filtered out through the circulating filtration subsystem, and harmless treatment is carried out, so that the pollution to the environment is greatly reduced.
6. For energy storage systems containing a large number of batteries, the owner is very careful about the equipment investment in this regard, since the utility of the accident management system is very low and only works when an accident occurs. Because the energy storage system needs to cool the battery all the year round, the cooling module of the invention can be used as a cold source at ordinary times, and the operation mode of 'peak load shifting' similar to the cold accumulation air conditioning system of the building is adopted to save the operation electricity charge.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery system having an accident emergency handling function as a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery system having an accident emergency handling function as a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery system having an accident emergency handling function as another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery system having an accident emergency handling function as yet another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a battery system having an accident emergency disposal function including a cold storage module as one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a perspective schematic view of a prefabricated cabin energy storage power plant with emergency handling of accidents incorporating a mobile cooling module as the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a battery system with emergency handling of an accident in a vehicle;
FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a battery system with emergency handling of an accident incorporating a mobile cooling module applied to a vehicle;
fig. 9 is a panoramic view of a single energy storage prefabricated cabin of a prefabricated cabin type energy storage power station applying a multistage emergency handling system for battery accidents.
List of labels: the device comprises a shell 10, a cooling module 20, a battery 30, a working medium 40, a cold accumulation module 60, a cavity 21, a flue gas access pipeline 22, a flue gas treatment part 23, a flue gas output structure 24, a flue gas heat exchanger 25, a chimney 26, an air supply device 27, a water source 51, a water inlet 52, a water outlet 53 and a filtering device 54.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As a first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a battery system having an accident emergency handling function includes: a housing 10, a cooling module 20 and a battery 30.
The case 10 serves to enclose the battery 30 therein. The shell 10 is provided with an accident smoke output interface. In the battery accident state, the accident smoke output interface is opened so as to directionally discharge smoke generated by the battery accident.
The cooling module 20 includes: cavity 21, flue gas access pipe 22, flue gas processing part 23 and flue gas output structure 24. The chamber 21 is used to store a working medium 40 for cooling the accident fumes. The flue gas access pipeline 22 is communicated with the accident flue gas output interface and the flue gas treatment part 23. The flue gas treatment part 23 is disposed in the working medium 40 and covered by the working medium 40 to perform a temperature reduction treatment on the flue gas generated by the battery accident through the cooling module 20. The flue gas output structure 24 is used for discharging the flue gas subjected to the temperature reduction treatment by the cooling module 20. The shell 10 and the flue gas inlet pipe 22 can be made of high temperature resistant heat insulation materials, and have high temperature resistant heat insulation effects.
In a specific embodiment, the flue gas treatment section 23 is provided with a smoke discharge port for discharging flue gas generated by a battery accident into the working medium 40. The smoke exhaust is provided in the working medium 40. The flue gas subjected to the temperature reduction treatment by the working medium 40 is discharged outwards through the flue gas output structure 24. The flue gas treatment part 23 is arranged at the bottom of the cavity 21. The flue gas treatment part 23 is provided with a plurality of smoke outlets. The high-temperature accident smoke can be subjected to sufficient heat exchange with a working medium and can be rapidly reduced to a normal temperature state.
As an alternative, a check valve or similar fluid flow control device is provided to prevent the working medium 40 from back-filling the interior of the housing. A one-way valve or a similar fluid flow direction control device is connected with one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access pipeline and the smoke processing part.
As an optional implementation manner, a forced smoke exhaust device, such as a fan and the like, is provided and is communicated with one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access pipeline and the smoke processing part, and is used for directionally and quickly guiding the accident smoke in case of an accident.
As an optional implementation mode, one or two of the smoke output interface and the smoke access pipeline is/are provided with a fire-fighting agent injection port, and a fire-fighting agent can be injected into the shell through the fire-fighting agent injection port, so that the diffusion of accidents is further avoided.
The flue gas output structure 24 is arranged in the upper part of the cooling module 20. As a further scheme of the invention: the lower portion of the chamber 21 stores the working medium 40. The upper part of the cavity 21 is an air cavity for playing a role of buffering for balancing the gas pressure.
When the battery has a thermal runaway accident, the pyrolysis reaction mainly occurs in the battery, and as a result, a large amount of high-temperature combustible smoke is rapidly generated; the heat (electrochemical energy + heat of reaction) generated during the complete decomposition process inside the battery is about 2-3 times of the SOC of the battery before the accident, and the instantaneous heat release power is very high. However, if the high-temperature combustible flue gas is contacted with external oxygen to burn and even explode and spread to surrounding articles, the released heat will show geometric progression increase. The battery system with the emergency handling function of the accident can effectively cool the high-temperature combustible flue gas generated by the battery accident, timely absorbs all heat generated in the accident process (can be designed to have the capacity of absorbing heat which is equal to 3 times of the rated electric quantity of the battery according to the maximum value), and can ensure that the cooled combustible flue gas can not be combusted and explode even if being mixed with oxygen.
As a second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the housing 10, the cooling module 20, the battery 30, the working medium 40, the cavity 21, the flue gas inlet duct 22 and the flue gas outlet structure 24 are the same as those of the first embodiment shown in fig. 1. Unlike the first embodiment shown in fig. 1, in the second embodiment, the flue gas treatment section 23 includes: a flue gas heat exchanger 25. The flue gas heat exchanger is covered by a working medium 40. The flue gas passes through the flue gas heat exchanger 25 to exchange heat with the working medium outside the flue gas heat exchanger 25, and then is discharged outwards through the flue gas output structure 24. In the mode of the first embodiment, the flue gas is directly discharged into the working medium, the cooling effect is good, and part of substances in the flue gas can be adsorbed by using the working medium. By adopting the mode of the second embodiment, the flue gas indirectly exchanges heat with the working medium through the flue gas heat exchanger, the flue gas does not pollute the working medium, and the operation condition is stable.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a working medium circulation system is configured in the system, the working medium circulation system includes a working medium source 51, a working medium inlet 52 is located at the upper part of the cooling module, and a working medium outlet 53 is located at the bottom of the cooling module, which is closer to the flue gas treatment part, so that the discharged high-temperature and high-temperature working media can be cooled by using the normal-temperature circulating working medium. As an alternative embodiment, the working medium is water and the source 51 is a water source, which may be a municipal fire water source, natural or artificial water source. And under the accident state, the cooling module is communicated with a water source, and normal-temperature cold water is continuously injected from a water injection port on the cavity. Meanwhile, high-temperature hot water after heat exchange with the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from a water outlet on the cavity. As an alternative embodiment, the water circulation system may further include a filtering device 54 for performing a harmless treatment on the discharged hot water and then discharging the same.
As another alternative, the temperature may also be reduced by using a low-temperature medium, in this case, a cold storage module 60 (refer to fig. 4) needs to be configured in the system, and specifically, the cold storage module may be ice storage or chilled water storage. The advantage of this mode is that heat transfer ability is strong, compares with normal atmospheric temperature water scheme and can bear the impact of more violent high temperature accident flue gas in the unit space, is favorable to the processing of accident. And, storing ice or ice slurry in cooling module 60, can more effective reduction flue gas temperature, if can reduce the temperature of the VOCs composition among them below its boiling point, then can reduce its volume of volatilizing by a wide margin, further reduce accident risk and reduce the emission of pollutant.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, for a system with daily refrigeration demand, the operation mode of "peak load shifting" can be adopted to reduce the operation cost when the system is in a normal state most of the time. In a normal state, cooling the water in the cooling module through a refrigeration cycle system to accumulate cold energy; in addition, the operation mode of 'peak shifting and valley filling' can be adopted, and the cold energy is released through the cold release circulating system, so that the cold energy is provided for the system with daily refrigeration requirement. The amount of cold storage modules is typically large in order to achieve the goal of providing cooling to a system that has a daily refrigeration requirement. In the accident state, the cold energy accumulated in the cooling module cools the high-temperature flue gas. Typically, the accumulated cold is sufficient to complete the entire treatment of the accident. Of course, the refrigeration cycle system can also be started to supplement the cold energy to the cooling module so as to enhance the capability of the cooling module to deal with the accident. Referring to fig. 4, the refrigeration cycle system and the cooling cycle system adopt one heat exchanger 61 in the cooling module to realize heat exchange, but different heat exchangers or water mixing devices can be respectively adopted to complete the heat exchange process. For the ice cold accumulation system, the heat exchanger and the fins thereof can be frozen, the heat exchanger is arranged above the smoke treatment part, on one hand, the high-temperature accident smoke can be in full contact with an ice layer and can be rapidly cooled, on the other hand, the smoke outlet of the smoke treatment part can be prevented from being blocked by ice, and unsmooth exhaust can be avoided. The refrigeration cycle and the cold release cycle usually form working medium circulation by a supply pipeline and a return pipeline, and heat exchange is realized by adopting a heat exchanger for heat exchange or/and a direct mixing mode. The cooling module and the cold accumulation module can be mutually independent or mutually combined.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, a chimney 26 extending upwards for smoke evacuation is provided in the smoke output structure. In particular, the cooling module may be provided with a smoke evacuation subsystem for evacuating the flue gas treated with the working medium. The smoke exhaust subsystem is provided with an upward extending chimney. The chimney structure can guide the treated gas to be far away from the accident site, and further reduces the danger. The cooling module is also provided with air supply means 27. The air supply device is used for mixing the treated flue gas with air to reduce the concentration of combustible substances in the flue gas. The air supply device introduces external fresh air so as to reduce the concentration of combustible substances in the smoke and further reduce the risk.
As a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the cooling module 20 may be configured as a fixed cooling module 20, and the cooling module 20 is fixedly connected to the housing 10.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the cooling module may be configured as a mobile cooling module, and at this time, the cooling module is an independent unit that is connected to the flue gas through the flue gas connection pipe for processing, and is connected to the emergency flue gas output interface through the flue gas connection pipe in a butt joint manner to realize connection between the cooling module and the housing in case of a battery accident.
The foregoing has set forth primarily the details of the various frame structures, organization and design of the cooling modules of the subject matter. For further convenience, practical application scenarios are taken as an example for illustration.
As shown in fig. 7, a battery system having an accident emergency handling function for a vehicle battery is provided in a vehicle. I.e. mounting the housing 10 and the cooling module 20 in the vehicle. The vehicle battery is enclosed by the housing 10.
The accident smoke output interface is in a closed state in a non-accident state. After the battery fails, the air pressure is excessively increased, the temperature is increased, and the air pressure can be started through a pressure signal or/and a temperature signal. And after the accident flue gas output interface is opened, the flue gas enters the cooling module through the smoke exhaust pipeline to be cooled. The cold energy can be supplemented to the working medium through the vehicle air conditioning system, and the vehicle air conditioning system is adopted as a cold accumulation circulating subsystem of the cooling module to undertake the refrigeration operation. For the electric automobile, a battery system with an accident emergency disposal function is adopted, so that open fire cannot be generated in the early period of an accident, and the hazard of the accident can be effectively inhibited. However, due to the limited space available in the vehicle, the cooling module 20 on board the vehicle is generally only able to handle accident smoke in less than 30 minutes, after which the cooling capacity of the cooling module will be exhausted, which is sufficient for the occupants to escape and take further measures.
When a plurality of electric vehicles are parked in adjacent positions in a parking lot, if one electric vehicle has an accident and is easy to spread to surrounding vehicles, serious chain reaction is caused. This situation is particularly catastrophic for underground parking lots. At the moment, the mobile cooling module can be arranged in the parking lot, when the vehicle is in a parking state and a battery accident occurs, the vehicle-mounted cooling module firstly carries out initial treatment, then the mobile cooling module is moved to the position close to the position of the vehicle where the accident occurs and is connected with a smoke exhaust pipeline extending to the outside of the vehicle, continuous treatment of accident smoke is realized, and the accident is prevented from spreading to surrounding vehicles. The above-mentioned connection process can be accomplished manually or automatically by an automatic connection robot. The smoke output structure is connected with an external smoke exhaust pipeline. The external smoke exhaust pipeline is used for guiding smoke to exhaust and can be connected with the external cooling module to carry out secondary treatment on the smoke. For example, as shown in fig. 8, on the basis of the housing 10 and the cooling module 20 being provided in a vehicle, the flue gas inlet duct of the separate cooling module can also be connected via an external flue gas duct. And the movable cooling module is used as an external cooling module to carry out secondary treatment on the flue gas.
The battery system with the accident emergency handling function can be applied to large-scale battery systems, such as an energy storage power station, an electric vehicle battery replacement station and the like. In a large-sized battery system, a large number of battery modules are densely stored; in order to realize the grading positioning and accurate disposal of the accident, a battery accident multistage emergency disposal system is required. The prefabricated cabin type energy storage power station of fig. 6 is taken as an example for explanation.
A battery accident multistage emergency disposal system comprising: the battery system with the accident emergency disposal function comprises a plurality of stages.
The shells of the battery systems at all levels adopt a hierarchical nested structure, and the shells of a plurality of battery systems at low levels are enclosed in the shells of the battery systems at high levels. When the accident scope is controlled within the low level battery system, the handling is performed by the low level battery system. When the accident scope breaks through the battery system of the low grade, the battery system of the high grade is started to handle.
Specifically, fig. 6 shows a prefabricated cabin type energy storage power station, which includes a refrigeration host system, a concentrated cold storage module, a mobile cooling module, and a plurality of prefabricated energy storage cabins. During normal operation, a peak shifting and valley filling operation mode is adopted, namely a refrigeration host system operates in a valley power period, and the refrigeration capacity is supplemented to the concentrated cold accumulation module through refrigeration circulation; and then, the concentrated cold accumulation module provides cold energy for each energy storage prefabricated cabin through a cold release cycle and is mainly used for daily cooling of the battery system. When an accident occurs, the movable cooling module is moved to the position near the energy storage prefabricated cabin where the accident occurs, is in butt joint with the energy storage prefabricated cabin, and then is ready to use or is subjected to accident disposal, the movable cooling module is kept connected with the concentrated cold storage module through the circulating pipeline, and the concentrated cold storage module continuously provides cold energy required by cooling smoke for the movable cooling module.
The energy storage battery prefabricated cabin shown in fig. 9 comprises a prefabricated cabin air conditioner host, a control header cabinet and six battery clusters. Each battery cluster comprises three battery cabinets, each battery cabinet comprises seven grids mainly used for placing battery modules, and a control module can also be placed in each grid; typically, one control module is configured for one battery cluster. The energy storage prefabricated cabin of fig. 9 can be provided with three stages of battery systems with accident emergency disposal functions. Battery module level (first level), battery cabinet level (second level), and battery cluster/prefabricated cabin level (third level). Each stage has a corresponding housing and cooling module. The battery modules are placed on the partition board of the battery cabinet, the battery modules are sealed in the shell of the battery cabinet, and the battery modules adopt a sealed shell (generally standard is protection grade IP 67) as a first-stage shell. The first level smoke exhaust pipeline adopts a phi 50mm circular pipeline and has a cross section area of about 0.002 square meter, the second level smoke exhaust pipeline adopts a phi 150mm circular pipeline and has a cross section area of about 0.018 square meter, and the third level smoke exhaust pipeline adopts a rectangular flat pipe and has a cross section area of about 0.14 square meter. For safety, the protective structure is prevented from being damaged by excessive local pressure, and the sectional area of each stage of pipeline can be increased appropriately. The shell of the battery module is provided with a first-stage one-way safety valve which is opened in an accident state. The first-stage smoke exhaust pipeline is connected with each first-stage one-way safety valve respectively, extends outwards after being gathered, and is connected with the first-stage cooling module. The first stage cooling module is disposed in the prefabricated cabin for handling primary accidents at the battery module level.
At least one part of the smoke access pipeline of the low-level battery system is wrapped in the shell of the high-level battery system, the smoke access pipeline of the part is provided with a pressure relief interface, and when the pressure relief interface is opened, accident smoke can be directly led into the shell of the high-level battery system.
The shell of the battery module can be designed to have high temperature resistance and heat insulation functions as a first-stage shell, and the shell and the partition plate of the battery cabinet can be designed to have high temperature resistance and heat insulation functions so as to jointly form the first-stage shell by the shell of the battery cabinet, the partition plate and the shell of the battery module. At this time, the partition plate has no air tightness requirement, and the partition plate is mainly used for blocking heat radiation and reducing heat convection. When accident high temperature flue gas can be in time discharged, battery module's closed casing just need not bear too high atmospheric pressure, can reduce the manufacturing degree of difficulty and cost.
Before the casing that passes the battery cabinet at first order exhaust pipe outwards extends, set up first order pressure release interface, this pressure release interface is used for monitoring the internal pressure of the first order exhaust pipe after gathering, when the diffusion takes place to lead to the internal pressure of first order exhaust pipe to rise in the event, pressure relief device opens among the space with the leading-in battery cabinet of accident flue gas.
The pressure relief interface comprises three interfaces, namely an air inlet, an air outlet and a pressure relief port; the air inlet is connected with the flue gas access pipeline at the same level in the shell at the first level. The exhaust port is connected to an external smoke exhaust duct outside the first-level housing. The pressure relief port communicates with the interior space of the first-level housing. Exhaust port and pressure release mouth all close under the normal condition, and under the accident condition, the pressure of inlet side risees and makes the exhaust port open, discharges the accident flue gas to the exhaust port. When the accident occurs and the internal smoke quantity is greatly increased to cause the pressure to continuously rise, the pressure relief opening is opened, and the accident smoke is guided into the shell with the first level and then discharged. Simultaneously, can close the gas vent, stop to the outside exhaust pipe output accident flue gas of the same grade. The normally closed state of the exhaust port is used for preventing accident smoke generated at other positions from flowing backwards.
The three battery cabinets are sealed in the shell of the battery clusters, or a dynamic protection body structure can be adopted, for example, a fireproof rolling door is arranged between the battery clusters, the battery clusters are in a rolling state in a normal state, the fireproof rolling door is completely unfolded when an accident occurs, and fireproof and heat-insulation isolation among the battery clusters is realized. The tops of the three battery cabinets are provided with second-stage one-way safety valves which are opened in an accident state. The second-stage smoke exhaust pipeline is connected with three second-stage one-way safety valves respectively, extends outwards after being gathered, and is connected with the second-stage cooling module. The second-stage cooling module adopts an external movable cooling module.
Before the second level discharge fume duct passed the casing of battery cluster and outwards extended, set up second level pressure release interface, this pressure release interface is used for monitoring the internal pressure of the second level discharge fume duct after the summary, when the diffusion takes place to lead to the internal pressure of second level discharge fume duct to rise in the event, pressure relief device opens among the space of leading-in battery cluster with the accident flue gas. The structural form of the second-stage pressure relief interface is the same as that of the first-stage pressure relief interface.
Six battery clusters are sealed in the shell of the prefabricated cabin, and the tops of the six battery clusters are respectively provided with a third-stage one-way safety valve which is opened in an accident state. The third-stage smoke exhaust pipeline is connected with three third-stage one-way safety valves respectively, two paths of gathering channels are adopted, and three gathering channels extend outwards from the top of the prefabricated cabin and are connected with a third-stage cooling module. The three gathering channels are arranged up and down and are connected with a main smoke exhaust pipeline interface arranged on one side of the top of the prefabricated cabin. Meanwhile, the second-stage smoke exhaust channel is also connected with the main smoke exhaust pipeline. The third stage cooling module and the second stage cooling module together use the mobile cooling module shown in fig. 6. The arrangement of the check valves at all levels can prevent smoke released from a certain shell which has an accident from being poured into the space of other shells which do not have the accident.
For an energy storage power station system arranged indoors, the system setting and handling processes are approximately the same as those of a prefabricated cabin type energy storage power station system, and only the traveling route of the movable cooling module needs to be strictly divided, isolated in a grading fire prevention mode and reserved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (16)
1. A battery system having emergency handling of an accident, comprising: a housing, a cooling module and a battery; the shell is used for enclosing the battery therein;
the shell is provided with an accident smoke output interface, and smoke generated by a battery accident is discharged from the shell through the accident smoke output interface in a battery accident state;
the cooling module includes: the flue gas treatment device comprises a cavity, a flue gas access pipeline, a flue gas treatment part and a flue gas output structure; the cavity is used for storing working media for cooling accident smoke; the flue gas access pipeline is communicated with the accident flue gas output interface and the flue gas processing part; the smoke treatment part is arranged in a working medium to cool smoke generated by a battery accident; the flue gas output structure is used for discharging the flue gas subjected to cooling treatment outwards.
2. The battery system with accident emergency handling function of claim 1,
the smoke treatment part is provided with a smoke outlet for discharging smoke generated by a battery accident into a working medium; the smoke exhaust port is arranged in the working medium; and the smoke subjected to cooling treatment by the working medium is discharged outwards through the smoke output structure.
3. The battery system with accident emergency handling function of claim 2,
the smoke treatment part is arranged at the bottom of the cavity; the smoke treatment part is provided with a plurality of smoke outlets.
4. The battery system with emergency handling of accidents as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the battery system with the accident emergency handling function further comprises: a one-way valve or fluid flow direction control device; the one-way valve or the fluid flow direction control device is connected with one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access pipeline and the smoke processing part.
5. The battery system with emergency handling of accidents as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the battery system with the accident emergency handling function further comprises: a forced smoke exhaust device; the forced smoke exhaust device is connected with one or more of the smoke output interface, the smoke access pipeline and the smoke processing part.
6. The battery system with emergency handling of accidents as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
and a fire-fighting agent injection port is formed on the shell and/or the smoke access pipeline.
7. The battery system with emergency handling function of an accident according to claim 1,
the flue gas treatment part comprises: a flue gas heat exchanger; the flue gas heat exchanger is at least partially covered by the working medium; and the smoke is subjected to heat exchange with a working medium outside the smoke heat exchanger through the smoke heat exchanger and then is discharged outwards through the smoke output structure.
8. The battery system with accident emergency handling function of claim 1,
the smoke output structure is arranged at the upper part of the cooling module.
9. The battery system with accident emergency handling function of claim 8,
and a chimney which extends upwards and is used for smoke discharge is arranged in the smoke output structure.
10. The battery system with accident emergency handling function of claim 1,
the lower part of the cavity stores working media; the upper part of the cavity is an air cavity for playing a role in balancing the buffer action of the gas pressure.
11. The battery system with accident emergency handling function of claim 1,
the cooling module is also provided with an air supply device; the air supply device is used for sucking air in the external environment and mixing the treated smoke with the air to reduce the concentration of combustible substances in the smoke.
12. The battery system with emergency handling function for accidents according to claim 1, wherein the battery system with emergency handling function for accidents further comprises: a working medium replenishment system; the working medium replenishing system comprises a working medium injection port and a working medium discharge port, and is used for replacing and/or cooling the working medium in the cooling module.
13. The battery system with emergency accident management function of claim 12, wherein the working medium injection port is located above the cooling module and the working medium discharge port is located at the bottom of the cooling module.
14. The battery system with emergency handling function for accidents according to claim 1, wherein the battery system with emergency handling function for accidents further comprises: a working medium cooling system; the working medium cooling system comprises a refrigeration main machine, a circulating pipeline and a heat exchanger; a cooling medium circulates among the refrigeration main machine, the circulation pipeline and the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is in contact with the working medium in the cooling module, the refrigeration host machine refrigerates the cooling medium, and the cooling medium cools the working medium in the cooling module through the heat exchanger.
15. A battery system with an accident emergency treatment function for a vehicle battery is characterized in that the battery system with the accident emergency treatment function is arranged in a vehicle, and the smoke output structure is connected with an external smoke exhaust pipeline which is used for guiding smoke to be exhausted and can be connected with an external cooling module to carry out secondary treatment on the smoke.
16. A multi-stage battery system having an accident emergency handling function, comprising: several stages of battery system with emergency handling of an accident according to any of claims 1 to 14;
the shells of the battery systems with the accident emergency disposal function at all levels are of a hierarchical nested structure, and the shells of the battery systems with the accident emergency disposal function at a plurality of low levels are sealed in the shells of the battery systems with the accident emergency disposal function at high levels.
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