CN114894363B - Multi-azimuth explosion shock wave overpressure equivalent measurement device and method - Google Patents

Multi-azimuth explosion shock wave overpressure equivalent measurement device and method Download PDF

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CN114894363B
CN114894363B CN202210427522.4A CN202210427522A CN114894363B CN 114894363 B CN114894363 B CN 114894363B CN 202210427522 A CN202210427522 A CN 202210427522A CN 114894363 B CN114894363 B CN 114894363B
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梁民族
周猛
林玉亮
李翔宇
卢芳云
聂铮玥
王超凡
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National University of Defense Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-azimuth explosion shock wave overpressure equivalent measuring device and method, and aims to solve the problems that measurement is inaccurate due to directionality of explosion shock wave measurement and the like. The measuring device comprises an inner cylindrical shell, an outer cylindrical shell, a sensing element and a fixed base, wherein the sensing element is clamped between the inner cylindrical shell and the outer cylindrical shell, a series of first measuring holes with different sizes are formed in the inner cylindrical shell and the outer cylindrical shell in the lateral direction, the loading shock wave overpressure of the first measuring hole with the smallest diameter is calculated by judging whether the sensing element in the first measuring hole is broken or not and combining the law between the shock wave overpressure and the size of the sensing element, and the maximum shock wave overpressure value generated by explosion at the arrangement position of the measuring device is obtained. The method can be used for equivalent measurement of the blast shock wave overpressure in severe environments such as exercises and target range tests, can measure the blast shock wave overpressure in different directions, and has the characteristics of simplicity, accuracy, reliability and strong practicability.

Description

Multi-azimuth explosion shock wave overpressure equivalent measurement device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a measuring device and a method, in particular to an equivalent measuring device and a method for overpressure of shock waves generated by explosion, and more particularly relates to a device and a method for realizing multidirectional equivalent measuring of the overpressure of the explosion shock waves.
Background
The effect target is a target plate structure which has proper sensitivity under a certain boundary constraint condition and generates corresponding deformation under the action of explosion impact, and the overpressure of the explosion shock wave is generally inverted by establishing the relationship between the maximum deflection and the explosion parameters. The effect target is used as a device which is convenient to use, low in cost, sensitive to shock waves and capable of effectively avoiding the influence of parasitic effects of explosion environment, can reflect the damage effect of overpressure of explosion shock waves, is particularly suitable for a target field with strong explosion power and severe environment, and is a scientific, economic and effective means for evaluating the damage effect of the explosion shock waves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the measurement of explosion shock waves is inaccurate due to directionality in shock wave equivalent measurement of a traditional effect target, and provides a multi-azimuth explosion shock wave overpressure equivalent measurement device and method. The invention has the characteristics of low cost, strong environmental adaptability, simple operation, multi-azimuth measurement and the like.
The device and the method provided by the invention have the advantages that the sensitive element is clamped between the inner cylindrical shell and the outer cylindrical shell, a series of circular holes with different sizes are formed in the inner cylindrical shell and the outer cylindrical shell in the lateral direction, and the explosion shock wave overpressure is calculated by judging whether the sensitive element in the circular hole is broken or not and combining the rule between the shock wave overpressure and the size of the sensitive element.
The measuring device consists of an inner cylindrical shell, an outer cylindrical shell, a sensitive element and a fixed base. Interior cylinder shell, sensing element, outer cylinder shell from inside to outside coaxial assembly, the up-down terminal surface parallel and level, and the first terminal surface of interior cylinder shell and the second terminal surface parallel and level of outer cylinder shell. The inner cylindrical shell, the sensitive element and the outer cylindrical shell are inserted into a cavity between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the fixed base as a whole, and the first lower end face of the inner cylindrical shell and the second lower end face of the outer cylindrical shell are tightly attached to the bottom plate of the fixed base.
The inner cylindrical shell 1 is a bottomless cylinder with an inner diameter d 1 Satisfy 0.01m<d 1 <0.5m, outer diameter d 2 Satisfy 1.05d 1 <d 2 <1.2d 1 Height of h 1 Satisfy d 1 <h 1 <5d 1 . The side wall of the inner cylindrical shell 1 is provided with I rings of first measuring holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, each ring is provided with N first measuring holes, I and N are positive integers, and I>2，N>5, the first measuring hole 11 is a circular through hole. The number of turns of the first measuring hole is 1 turn and 2 turns (82303030), the ith turn (82303030), and the ith turn (I is a positive integer and 1)<I is less than or equal to I. The diameters of the 1 st circle of N first measuring holes are f 1 Satisfy d 2 -d 1 <f1<5 (d 2-d 1). The hole diameter of the ith circle of N first measuring holes is fi, and fi = f is met 1 +k(i-1)f 1 Wherein k is a growth coefficient satisfying 0<k<5. The distance between the first measuring hole of the ith-1 circle and the first measuring hole of the ith circle is s i Satisfy f i <s i <2fi. The inner cylindrical shell is made of metal and has the required density of more than 7g/cm 3 And the yield strength is more than 400MPa. The inner cylindrical shell is used for supporting the sensitive element attached to the outer side wall of the inner cylindrical shell.
The outer cylindrical shell is a bottomless cylinder with an inner diameter d 3 Satisfy d 2 <d 3 <1.1d 2 Outer diameter of d 4 Satisfy 1.05d 3 <d 4 <1.2d 3 Higher than h 1 . The side wall of the outer cylindrical shell is provided with I circles of second measuring holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, each circle is provided with N second measuring holes, and the second measuring holes are circular through holes. The second measuring hole formed in the side wall of the outer cylindrical shell is overlapped with the first measuring hole formed in the side wall of the inner cylindrical shell in position, and the second measuring hole and the first measuring hole at the same position are the same in diameter. The number of turns of the second measuring hole is 1 st turn, 2 nd turn, \ 8230;, ith turn, \8230;, and ith turn in sequence from the second upper end face to the second lower end face. The hole diameter of the 1 st circle of the second measuring hole is equal to f 1 The diameter of the second measuring hole of the ith circle is equal to f i . The distance between the second measuring hole of the i-1 th circle and the second measuring hole of the i-th circle is equal to si. The outer cylindrical shell is made of metal and has the required density of more than 7g/cm 3 The yield strength is more than 400MPa. The outer cylindrical shell is used for protecting the whole impact of explosion shock waves on the sensitive element, the sensitive element is clamped between the inner cylindrical shell and the outer cylindrical shell, a series of circular sensitive elements with local naked parts are formed by correspondingly arranging the first measuring holes and the second measuring holes, the minimum diameter of the first measuring hole or the second measuring hole corresponding to the breakage position of the sensitive element is found, the overpressure value of the shock waves can be calculated, and the overpressure of the explosion shock waves can be measured.
The fixed base comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a bottom plate, and the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are coaxially welded on the surface of the bottom plate. The inner cylinder is a cylinder with an inner diameter d 0 Satisfy 0.8d 1 <d 0 <d 1 Outer diameter equal to d 1 Height of h 2 Satisfy 0.1h 1 <h 2 <0.3h 1 . The outer cylinder is in a bottomless cylinder shape, and the inner diameter is equal to d 4 Outer diameter of d 5 Satisfy d 4 <d 5 <1.2d 4 Higher than h 2 . The bottom plate is a disc with a diameter d 6 Satisfy 1.5d 5 <d 6 <2d 5 Thickness of h 3 Satisfies 0.2h 2 <h 3 <0.5h 2 . Four mounting holes are uniformly dug in the circumferential direction of the bottom plate, and the diameter of the circumference where the four mounting holes are distributed is u, so that the requirement of 1.2d is met 5 <u<0.9d 6 . The mounting hole is a through hole with a diameter v which satisfies 0.5 (d) 6 -u)<v<0.9(d 6 -u). The fixing base is made of metal and has the required density of more than 7g/cm 3 The yield strength is more than 400MPa. The fixed base is used for fixing the inner cylindrical shell, the outer cylindrical shell and the sensitive element, and is placed on a flat ground when in use, 4 steel chisels are inserted into the mounting holes and are smashed into the ground, so that the fixed base is fixed on the ground.
The sensitive element being a bottomless cylinder having an outer diameter equal to d 3 Inner diameter equal to d 2 Higher than h 1 . The sensing element preferably has a length h 1 Width of pi d 3 Is rolled into a cylindrical shape in the width direction. The sensitive element is made of fragile film material, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene film, moisture-proof paper, aluminum foil, etc. There is a functional relationship between the diameter of the sensing element and the failure strength of the sensing element, the larger the diameter of the sensing element, the smaller the failure overpressure threshold that can be tolerated. By controlling the size of the sensing elements exposed to the shock wave load, the diameter of the smallest exposed circular hole in a series of broken sensing elements is determined, and the shock wave overpressure can be calculated.
The method for measuring the overpressure of the explosion shock wave by adopting the measuring device comprises the following steps:
in the first step, the number of turns I of the first measuring hole or the second measuring hole is determined. TNT equivalent range W according to weapon ammunition min <W<W max Calculating the range of the overpressure Deltapper of the shock wave by adopting a Sadow-Fisher empirical formula min <Δp<Δp max The empirical formula of Sadawski is
Figure RE-GDA0003685442450000041
Wherein W is the equivalent of explosive TNT, and R is the equivalent of explosive between the arrangement position of the measuring device and the explosiveDistance. And determining the number of turns I of the first measuring hole or the second measuring hole according to the measuring acceptable overpressure test error value q (generally taking 0.01 MPa).
Figure RE-GDA0003685442450000042
Pair of expression (. DELTA.p) max -Δp min ) And/q is rounded up. Δ p of min The shock wave overpressure when W is the minimum equivalent of explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the minimum equivalent of explosive TNT into a formula (1); Δ p of max The shock wave overpressure when W is the maximum equivalent of explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the maximum equivalent of explosive TNT into formula (1).
And secondly, determining the number N of the first measuring holes or the second measuring holes in each circle. When the direction of the weapon explosion cannot be accurately determined, in order to meet the requirement of multi-azimuth measurement, the direction of the weapon explosion is calculated and obtained according to the azimuth angle error g projected by the weapon (the azimuth angle error g is generally obtained by reading the instruction manual of the weapon, and if the azimuth angle error g is unknown, the g =30 degrees is generally adopted)
Figure RE-GDA0003685442450000043
Represents rounding up to 360 deg./g.
And thirdly, selecting an inner cylindrical shell according to the number I of turns of the first measuring hole 11 and the number N of turns, and selecting an outer cylindrical shell according to the number I and the number N.
Fourthly, according to the scale law of ' Wangwang character mark, huangchenguang, zhaoyangping, zhangyanjing, chuanping ' and structural damage ' J]Mechanical progress, 1999 (03): 383-433 ", the material size effect law, which indicates the shock wave loading overpressure Δ p d And the diameter value f of the first measuring hole 11 i A relational empirical formula shown as a formula (2) exists between the parameters, namely alpha, beta and gamma in the formula (2) are calibrated;
Δp d ＝α(f i ) 0 +β(f i ) 1 +γ(f i ) 2 (2)
wherein Δ p d Alpha (in MPa), beta (in MPa/m), gamma (in MPa/m) for applying overpressure to the shock wave 2 ) Three coefficients are related to material properties. The calibration of alpha, beta and gamma needs to be selected at leastThree groups of first measuring holes with different diameters fi are used for loading the sensitive element by adopting a shock tube device, and the corresponding loading shock wave overpressure delta p when the sensitive element is broken is recorded d Three groups of diameters fi and loading shock wave overpressure delta p d The result is substituted into the formula (2), and parameter fitting (i.e. solving the equation system) is performed on the result to obtain alpha, beta and gamma.
And fifthly, assembling the inner cylindrical shell, the outer cylindrical shell, the sensitive element and the fixed base. And (3) attaching the sensing element to the outer side wall surface of the inner cylindrical shell, sleeving the outer cylindrical shell outside the sensing element, enabling the upper end surface and the lower end surface to be parallel and level, enabling the first lower end surface and the second lower end surface to be parallel and level, and adjusting the angle to enable the second measuring hole in the circumferential direction to coincide with the first measuring hole. The inner cylindrical shell, the outer cylindrical shell and the sensitive element are inserted into a cavity between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the fixed base as a whole, and the first lower end face and the second lower end face are tightly attached to the bottom plate of the fixed base.
And sixthly, fixing the measuring device. And (3) placing the fixed base on a flat ground, inserting 4 steel rods into the mounting hole, and smashing the steel rods into the ground so as to fix the measuring device on the ground.
And step seven, detonating the explosive.
Eighthly, finding the first measuring hole with the smallest diameter at the breakage position of the sensitive element after the explosion is finished, and determining the diameter of the first measuring hole to be f i 。
And ninthly, measuring the overpressure value of the explosion shock wave. Due to the smallest diameter f i The breaking strength of the first measuring hole 11 is equal to the maximum shock wave overpressure value at the arrangement of the measuring device, so that only the minimum diameter f is calculated i Is loaded with a shock wave overpressure deltap of the first measuring hole d The overpressure value deltap of the maximum shock wave generated by explosion at the arrangement position of the measuring device can be obtained i ，
Δp i ＝Δp d ＝α(f i ) 0 +β(f i ) 1 +γ(f i ) 2 (3)
Wherein Δ p i The maximum shock wave overpressure value is the measured shock wave overpressure value.
And step ten, detaching the broken sensitive element and simultaneously installing a new sensitive element, thereby realizing the reuse of the measuring device. The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. the measuring method includes that a sensing element is clamped between an inner cylindrical shell and an outer cylindrical shell, a series of circular holes with different sizes are formed in the inner cylindrical shell and the outer cylindrical shell in the lateral direction, whether the sensing element in the circular hole is broken or not is judged, and the explosion shock wave overpressure at the position of the measuring device is calculated by combining rules between the shock wave overpressure and the size of the sensing element.
2. The measuring device realizes equivalent measurement of explosion shock waves based on the breakage of the sensitive elements, and can select the sensitive elements with corresponding strength according to the strength of the shock waves, thereby being suitable for measuring the overpressure of the shock waves of near-field, middle-field and far-field explosions of weapons.
3. The measuring device has the characteristics of simple structure processing and assembly, low cost, convenient arrangement, strong environment adaptability, reusability after replacing the sensitive element and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of a measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the structure of the inner cylindrical shell of the measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of an outer cylindrical shell of the measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a view showing the structure of a fixing base of the measuring apparatus of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. an inner cylindrical shell; 2. an outer cylindrical shell; 3. a sensing element; 4. and fixing the base.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description for the purpose of facilitating understanding and implementation of the invention by those of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a general structural view of a measuring apparatus of the present invention. As shown in figure 1, the invention is composed of an inner cylindrical shell 1, an outer cylindrical shell 2, a sensitive element 3 and a fixed base 4. The inner cylindrical shell 1, the sensitive element 3 and the outer cylindrical shell 2 are coaxially assembled from inside to outside, the upper end surface and the lower end surface are flush, and the first lower end surface 13 of the inner cylindrical shell 1 and the second lower end surface 23 of the outer cylindrical shell 2 are flush. The inner cylindrical shell 1, the sensing element 3 and the outer cylindrical shell 2 are inserted into a cavity between the inner cylinder 41 and the outer cylinder 42 of the fixed base 4 as a whole, and the first lower end surface 13 of the inner cylindrical shell 1 and the second lower end surface 23 of the outer cylindrical shell 2 are tightly attached to the bottom plate 43 of the fixed base 4.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of the inner cylindrical shell 1. As shown in FIG. 2, the inner cylindrical shell 1 is a bottomless cylinder with an inner diameter d 1 Satisfy 0.01m<d 1 <0.5m, outer diameter d 2 Satisfy 1.05d 1 <d 2 <1.2d 1 Height of h 1 Satisfy d 1 <h 1 <5d 1 . The side wall of the inner cylindrical shell 1 is provided with I circles of first measuring holes 11 which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, each circle is provided with N first measuring holes 11, I and N are positive integers, and I>2，N>5, the first measuring hole 11 is a circular through hole. The number of turns of the first measuring hole 11 from the first upper end face 12 to the first lower end face 13 is 1 turn and 2 turns (8230), the ith turn (8230), and the ith turn (I), wherein I is a positive integer and 1<I is less than or equal to I. The diameters of the N first measuring holes 11 in the 1 st circle are f 1 Satisfy d 2 -d 1 <f 1 <5(d 2 -d 1 ). The hole diameter of the ith circle of N first measuring holes 11 is f i Satisfy f i ＝f 1 +k(i-1)f 1 Where k is a growth coefficient satisfying 0<k<5. The distance between the first measuring hole 11 of the ith-1 circle and the first measuring hole 11 of the ith circle is s i Satisfy f i <s i <2fi. The inner cylindrical shell 1 is made of metal and has the required density of more than 7g/cm 3 And the yield strength is more than 400MPa. The inner cylindrical shell 1 is used for supporting the sensitive element 3 attached to the outer side wall of the inner cylindrical shell 1.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of the outer cylindrical shell 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the outer cylindrical shell 2 is a bottomless cylinder with an inner diameter d 3 Satisfy d 2 <d 3 <1.1d 2 Outer straightDiameter d 4 Satisfy 1.05d 3 <d 4 <1.2d 3 Higher than h 1 . The side wall of the outer cylindrical shell 2 is provided with I circles of second measuring holes 21 which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, each circle is provided with N second measuring holes 21, and the second measuring holes 21 are circular through holes. The second measuring hole 21 formed in the side wall of the outer cylindrical shell 2 coincides with the first measuring hole 11 formed in the side wall of the inner cylindrical shell 1, and the second measuring hole 21 and the first measuring hole 11 at the same position have the same diameter. The number of turns of the second measuring hole 21 from the second upper end surface 22 to the second lower end surface 23 is 1 st turn, 2 nd turn, \ 8230;, ith turn, \ 8230;, and ith turn in this order. The hole diameter of the 1 st circle of the second measuring hole 21 is equal to f1, and the hole diameter of the ith circle of the second measuring hole 21 is equal to fi. The distance between the second measuring hole 21 of the i-1 th circle and the second measuring hole 21 of the i-th circle is equal to s i . The outer cylindrical shell 2 is made of metal and has the required density of more than 7g/cm 3 The yield strength is more than 400MPa. The outer cylindrical shell 2 is used for protecting the whole impact of explosion shock waves on the sensitive element 3, the sensitive element 3 is clamped between the inner cylindrical shell 1 and the outer cylindrical shell 2, a series of circular sensitive elements 3 with local exposed parts are formed by correspondingly arranging the first measuring holes 11 and the second measuring holes 21, the minimum diameter of the first measuring hole 11 or the second measuring hole 21 corresponding to the rupture part of the sensitive element 3 is found, the overpressure value of the shock waves can be calculated, and the measurement of the overpressure of the explosion shock waves is realized.
Fig. 4 is a structural view of the fixed base. As shown in fig. 4, the fixed base 4 is composed of an inner cylinder 41, an outer cylinder 42, and a bottom plate 43, and the inner cylinder 41 and the outer cylinder 42 are coaxially welded on the surface of the bottom plate 43. The inner cylinder 41 is a cylinder with an inner diameter d 0 Satisfy 0.8d 1 <d 0 <d 1 The outer diameter being equal to d 1 Height of h 2 Satisfy 0.1h 1 <h 2 <0.3h 1 . The outer cylinder 42 is of bottomless cylindrical shape with an inner diameter equal to d 4 Outer diameter of d 5 Satisfy d 4 <d 5 <1.2d 4 Higher than h 2 . The bottom plate 43 is a circular disc with a diameter d 6 Satisfy 1.5d 5 <d 6 <2d 5 Thickness of h 3 Satisfies 0.2h 2 <h 3 <0.5h 2 . Four mounting holes 431 are uniformly dug in the bottom plate 43 along the circumferential direction, the diameter of the circumference where the four mounting holes 431 are distributed is u, and the requirement of 1.2d is met 5 <u<0.9d 6 . The mounting hole 431 is a through hole with a diameter v satisfying 0.5 (d) 6 -u)<v<0.9(d 6 -u). The fixed base 4 is made of metal and has the required density of more than 7g/cm 3 And the yield strength is more than 400MPa. The fixing base 4 is used for fixing the inner cylindrical shell 1, the outer cylindrical shell 2 and the sensitive element 3, when the fixing base 4 is used, the fixing base 4 is placed on a flat ground, 4 steel rods are inserted into the mounting holes 431, and the steel rods are smashed into the ground, so that the fixing base 4 is fixed on the ground.
The sensitive element 3 is a bottomless cylinder with an outer diameter equal to d 3 Inner diameter equal to d 2 Higher than h 1 . The sensor 3 preferably has a length h 1 Width of pi d 3 Is rolled into a cylindrical shape in the width direction. The material of the sensitive element 3 is a brittle film material, preferably a polytetrafluoroethylene film, moisture-proof paper, aluminum foil and the like. There is a functional relationship between the diameter of the sensor 3 and the breaking strength of the sensor 3, the larger the diameter of the sensor 3, the smaller the breaking overpressure threshold that can be tolerated. By controlling the dimensions of the sensing element 3 exposed to the shock wave load, the diameter of the smallest exposed circular hole in a series of broken sensing elements 3 is determined, and the shock wave overpressure can be calculated.
The method for measuring the overpressure of the explosion shock wave by adopting the measuring device comprises the following steps:
in a first step, the number of turns I of the first measuring opening 11 or the second measuring opening 21 is determined. TNT equivalent range W according to weapon ammunition min <W<W max Calculating the range of the overpressure Deltapper of the shock wave by adopting a Sadow-Fisher empirical formula min <Δp<Δp max The empirical formula of Sadawski is
Figure RE-GDA0003685442450000091
Wherein W is the equivalent of explosive TNT, and R is the distance between the arrangement position of the measuring device and the explosive.The number of turns I of the first measuring orifice 11 or the second measuring orifice 21 is determined on the basis of the measured acceptable overpressure test error value q.
Figure RE-GDA0003685442450000092
Represents a pair of (Δ p) max -Δp min ) And/q is rounded up. Δ p min Obtaining the shock wave overpressure when W is the minimum equivalent of explosive TNT by substituting the minimum equivalent of explosive TNT into the formula (1); Δ p max The shock wave overpressure when W is the maximum equivalent of explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the maximum equivalent of explosive TNT into formula (1).
In a second step, the number N of first measuring holes 11 or second measuring holes 21 per turn is determined. When the direction of the weapon explosion cannot be accurately determined, in order to meet the requirement of multi-azimuth measurement, the direction of the weapon explosion is calculated and obtained according to the azimuth angle error g projected by the weapon (the azimuth angle error g is generally obtained by reading the instruction manual of the weapon, and if the azimuth angle error g is unknown, g =30 degrees is generally adopted)
Figure RE-GDA0003685442450000093
Represents rounding up to 360 deg./g.
And thirdly, selecting the inner cylindrical shell 1 according to the number of turns I and the number N of turns of the first measuring hole 11, and selecting the outer cylindrical shell 2 according to the number I and the number N.
Fourthly, according to the scale law of ' Wangwang character mark, huangchenguang, zhaoyangping, zhangyanjing, chuanping ' and structural damage ' J]Mechanical development, 1999 (03): 383-433 ", the law of the effect of the material dimensions, which indicates the overpressure Δ p for the loading of a shock wave d And the diameter value f of the first measuring hole 11 i A relational empirical formula shown as a formula (2) exists between the parameters, namely alpha, beta and gamma in the formula (2) are calibrated;
Δp d ＝α(f i ) 0 +β(f i ) 1 +γ(f i ) 2 (5)
wherein Δ p d Alpha (in MPa), beta (in MPa/m), gamma (in MPa/m) for applying overpressure to the shock wave 2 ) Three coefficients are related to material properties. The calibration of alpha, beta and gamma needs to select at least three groups of different straight linesDiameter f i The first measuring hole 11 is used for loading the sensitive element 3 by adopting a shock tube device and recording the corresponding loading shock wave overpressure delta p when the sensitive element 3 is broken d Three sets of diameters f i And applying a shock wave overpressure Δ p d The result is substituted into the formula (2), and parameter fitting (i.e. solving the equation system) is performed on the result to obtain alpha, beta and gamma.
And fifthly, assembling the inner cylindrical shell 1, the outer cylindrical shell 2, the sensitive element 3 and the fixed base 4. The sensitive element 3 is attached to the outer side wall surface of the inner cylindrical shell 1, the outer cylindrical shell 2 is sleeved on the outer side of the sensitive element 3, the upper end surface and the lower end surface are flush, the first lower end surface 13 and the second lower end surface 23 are flush, and the position of the second measuring hole 21 in the circumferential direction is overlapped with the position of the first measuring hole 11 by adjusting the angle. The inner cylindrical shell 1, the outer cylindrical shell 2 and the sensing element 3 are inserted into a cavity between the inner cylinder 41 and the outer cylinder 42 of the fixed base 4 as a whole, and the first lower end surface 13 and the second lower end surface 23 are tightly attached to the bottom plate 43 of the fixed base 4.
And sixthly, fixing the measuring device. The fixing base 4 is placed on a flat ground, 4 steel bolts are inserted into the mounting holes 431, and the steel bolts are hammered into the ground, so that the measuring device is fixed on the ground.
And step seven, detonating the explosive.
Eighthly, finding the first measuring hole 11 with the smallest diameter at the breakage part of the sensitive element 3 after the explosion is finished, and determining the diameter of the first measuring hole 11 to be f i 。
And step nine, measuring the overpressure value of the explosion shock wave. Due to the smallest diameter f i The breaking strength of the first measuring hole 11 is equal to the maximum shock wave overpressure value at the arrangement of the measuring device, so that only the minimum diameter f is calculated i First measuring orifice 11 is loaded with a shock wave overpressure Δ p d The maximum overpressure value delta p of the shock wave generated by explosion at the layout of the measuring device can be obtained i ，
Δp i ＝Δp d ＝α(f i ) 0 +β(f i ) 1 +γ(f i ) 2 (6)
Wherein Δ p i The maximum shock wave overpressure value is the measured shock wave overpressure value.
And step ten, detaching the broken sensitive element 3 and simultaneously installing a new sensitive element 3, thereby realizing the reuse of the measuring device of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A multidirectional explosion shock wave overpressure equivalent measuring device is characterized by comprising an inner cylindrical shell (1), an outer cylindrical shell (2), a sensitive element (3) and a fixed base (4); the inner cylindrical shell (1), the sensitive element (3) and the outer cylindrical shell (2) are coaxially assembled from inside to outside, the upper end face and the lower end face are flush, and the first lower end face (13) of the inner cylindrical shell (1) and the second lower end face (23) of the outer cylindrical shell (2) are flush; the inner cylindrical shell (1), the sensitive element (3) and the outer cylindrical shell (2) are inserted into a cavity between an inner cylinder (41) and an outer cylinder (42) of the fixed base (4) as a whole, and a first lower end face (13) of the inner cylindrical shell (1) and a second lower end face (23) of the outer cylindrical shell (2) are tightly attached to a bottom plate (43) of the fixed base (4);
the inner cylindrical shell (1) is a bottomless cylinder with an inner diameter d 1 Outer diameter of d 2 Height of h 1 (ii) a The side wall of the inner cylindrical shell (1) is provided with I circles of first measuring holes (11) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, each circle is provided with N first measuring holes (11), I and N are positive integers, and the first measuring holes (11) are circular through holes; the number of turns of the first measuring hole (11) is 1-turn and 2-turn (8230), the ith turn (I) from the first upper end surface (12) to the first lower end surface (13), wherein I is a positive integer and is 1<I is less than or equal to I; the diameters of the N first measuring holes (11) in the 1 st circle are f 1 The hole diameter of the N first measuring holes (11) of the ith circle is f i Satisfy f i ＝f 1 +k(i-1)f 1 Wherein k is a growth coefficient; the distance between the first measuring hole (11) of the i-1 th circle and the first measuring hole (11) of the i-th circle is s i (ii) a The inner cylindrical shell (1) is made of metal; the inner cylindrical shell (1) is used for supporting the sensitive element (3) attached to the outer side wall of the inner cylindrical shell (1);
the outer cylindrical shell (2) is a bottomless cylinder with an inner diameter d 3 Outer diameter of d 4 Higher than h 1 (ii) a The side wall of the outer cylindrical shell (2) is provided with I circles of second measuring holes (21) which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, each circle is provided with N second measuring holes (21), and each second measuring hole is provided with N second measuring holes (21)The measuring hole (21) is a circular through hole; the position of a second measuring hole (21) formed in the side wall of the outer cylindrical shell (2) is superposed with that of a first measuring hole (11) formed in the side wall of the inner cylindrical shell (1), and the diameters of the second measuring hole (21) and the first measuring hole (11) at the same position are the same; from the second upper end surface (22) to the second lower end surface (23), the number of turns of the second measuring hole (21) is 1 st turn, 2 nd turn, \8230, ith turn, \8230andith turn; the diameter of the 1 st circle of the second measuring hole (21) is equal to f 1 The hole diameter of the second measuring hole (21) of the ith circle is equal to f i (ii) a The distance between the second measuring hole (21) of the i-1 th circle and the second measuring hole (21) of the i-th circle is equal to s i (ii) a The outer cylindrical shell (2) is made of metal; the outer cylindrical shell (2) is used for preventing the whole impact of explosion shock waves on the sensitive element (3), the sensitive element (3) is clamped between the inner cylindrical shell (1) and the outer cylindrical shell (2), and a series of circular sensitive elements (3) with local exposure are formed by correspondingly arranging the first measuring holes (11) and the second measuring holes (21);
the fixed base (4) consists of an inner cylinder (41), an outer cylinder (42) and a bottom plate (43), and the inner cylinder (41) and the outer cylinder (42) are coaxially welded on the surface of the bottom plate (43); the inner cylinder (41) is a cylinder with an inner diameter d 0 The outer diameter being equal to d 1 Height of h 2 (ii) a The outer cylinder (42) is of bottomless cylinder shape, and the inner diameter is equal to d 4 Outer diameter of d 5 Higher than h 2 (ii) a The bottom plate (43) is a disc with a diameter d 6 Thickness of h 3 (ii) a Four mounting holes (431) are uniformly dug in the bottom plate (43) along the circumferential direction, and the diameter of the circumference where the four mounting holes (431) are distributed is u; the mounting hole (431) is a through hole; the fixing base (4) is used for fixing the inner cylindrical shell (1), the outer cylindrical shell (2) and the sensitive element (3), when the fixing base (4) is used, the fixing base is placed on a flat ground, 4 steel rods are inserted into the mounting holes (431), and the steel rods are hammered into the ground, so that the fixing base (4) is fixed on the ground;
the sensitive element (3) is a bottomless cylinder with an outer diameter equal to d 3 Inner diameter equal to d 2 Higher than h 1 (ii) a The sensitive element (3) is made of a brittle film material, and a functional relation exists between the diameter of the sensitive element (3) and the breaking strength of the sensitive element (3).
2. The apparatus for the equivalent measurement of overpressure of explosive blasts in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the inner diameter d of said inner cylindrical shell (1) is such that 1 Satisfies 0.01m<d 1 <0.5m, outer diameter d 2 Satisfy 1.05d 1 <d 2 <1.2d 1 High h is 1 Satisfy d 1 <h 1 <5d 1 (ii) a Said I>2，N>5; diameter f of the 1 st circle N first measuring holes (11) 1 Satisfy d 2 -d 1 <f 1 <5(d 2 -d 1 ) (ii) a The growth coefficient k satisfies 0<k<5; the distance s between the first measuring hole (11) of the ith-1 circle and the first measuring hole (11) of the ith circle i Satisfy f i <s i <2f i 。
3. The apparatus for equivalent measurement of overpressure of explosive shock waves in multiple orientations according to claim 1, wherein the metal adopted by the inner cylindrical shell (1), the outer cylindrical shell (2) and the fixed base (4) has a required density greater than 7g/cm 3 The yield strength is more than 400MPa.
4. The apparatus for equivalent measurement of overpressure in connection with blast shock waves, as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the inner diameter d of the outer cylindrical shell (2) is of such a diameter 3 Satisfy d 2 <d 3 <1.1d 2 Outer diameter d 4 Satisfies 1.05d 3 <d 4 <1.2d 3 。
5. The apparatus for the equivalent measurement of overpressure in an explosive shock wave in multiple orientations according to claim 1, characterised in that the inner diameter d of the inner cylinder (41) is such that 0 Satisfies 0.8d 1 <d 0 <d 1 High h is high 2 Satisfies 0.1h 1 <h 2 <0.3h 1 (ii) a The outer diameter d of the outer cylinder (42) 5 Satisfy d 4 <d 5 <1.2d 4 (ii) a Diameter d of the base plate (43) 6 Satisfy 1.5d 5 <d 6 <2d 5 Thickness h 3 Satisfies 0.2h 2 <h 3 <0.5h 2 (ii) a The four mounting holes (431) on the bottom plate (43) are straightThe diameter u satisfies 1.2d 5 <u<0.9d 6 (ii) a The diameter v of the mounting hole (431) satisfies 0.5 (d) 6 -u)<v<0.9(d 6 -u)。
6. The apparatus for measuring the equivalent overpressure of an explosive shock wave in multiple directions as set forth in claim 1, wherein said sensing element (3) has a length h 1 Width of π d 3 The rectangular material is rolled into a cylinder shape along the width direction; the sensitive element (3) is made of any one of a polytetrafluoroethylene film, moisture-proof paper and aluminum foil; a functional relation exists between the diameter of the sensing element (3) and the breaking strength of the sensing element (3), and the larger the diameter of the sensing element (3), the smaller the breaking overpressure threshold value which can be borne.
7. A method for measuring blast shock wave overpressure using the multi-azimuth blast shock wave overpressure equivalent measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterized by the steps of:
firstly, determining the number of turns I of a first measuring hole (11) or a second measuring hole (21); according to TNT equivalent range W of weapon ammunition min <W<W max Calculating the range of overpressure delta p of the shock wave by adopting a Sadow-fusi empirical formula min <Δp<Δp max The empirical formula of Sadawski is
Figure FDA0003608953430000031
W is equivalent of explosive TNT, and R is the distance between the layout of the multi-azimuth explosion shock wave overpressure equivalent measuring device and the explosive; determining the number of turns I of the first measuring hole (11) or the second measuring hole (21) according to the measured acceptable overpressure test error value q;
Figure FDA0003608953430000041
Figure FDA0003608953430000042
pair of expression (. DELTA.p) max -Δp min ) /q rounding up; Δ p min The shock wave overpressure when W is the minimum equivalent of explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the minimum equivalent of explosive TNT into a formula (1); Δ p max The shock wave overpressure when W is the maximum equivalent of the explosive TNT is obtained by substituting the maximum equivalent of the explosive TNT into the formula (1);
secondly, determining the number N of the first measuring holes (11) or the second measuring holes (21) in each circle; according to the azimuth angle error g of weapon projection, calculating to obtain
Figure FDA0003608953430000043
Figure FDA0003608953430000044
Represents rounding up to 360 °/g; g is obtained by reading the instruction manual of the weapon;
thirdly, selecting an inner cylindrical shell (1) according to the number I of turns of the first measuring hole (11) and the number N of turns, and selecting an outer cylindrical shell (2) according to the number I and the number N;
fourthly, loading the overpressure delta p of the shock wave according to the material size effect law d And the diameter value f of the first measuring hole (11) i A relational empirical formula shown as a formula (2) exists between the three materials, and the three material performance correlation coefficients alpha, beta and gamma in the formula (2) are calibrated to obtain alpha, beta and gamma;
Δp d ＝α(f i ) 0 +β(f i ) 1 +γ(f i ) 2 (2)
wherein Δ p d For loading the overpressure of the shock wave, the alpha unit is MPa, the beta unit is MPa/m, and the gamma unit is MPa/m 2 ；
Fifthly, assembling an inner cylindrical shell (1), an outer cylindrical shell (2), a sensitive element (3) and a fixed base (4); attaching the sensitive element (3) to the outer side wall surface of the inner cylindrical shell (1), sleeving the outer cylindrical shell (2) on the outer side of the sensitive element (3), enabling the upper end surface and the lower end surface to be flush, enabling the first lower end surface (13) and the second lower end surface (23) to be flush, and adjusting the angle to enable the second measuring hole (21) in the circumferential direction to coincide with the first measuring hole (11); the inner cylindrical shell (1), the outer cylindrical shell (2) and the sensitive element (3) are inserted into a cavity between the inner cylinder (41) and the outer cylinder (42) of the fixed base (4) as a whole, and the first lower end surface (13) and the second lower end surface (23) are tightly attached to a bottom plate (43) of the fixed base (4);
sixthly, fixing the measuring device; placing the fixed base (4) on a flat ground, inserting 4 steel rods into the mounting hole (431), and smashing the steel rods into the ground to fix the measuring device on the ground;
step seven, detonating the explosive;
eighthly, finding the first measuring hole (11) with the smallest diameter at the breakage position of the sensitive element (3) after the explosion is finished, and determining the diameter of the first measuring hole (11) to be f i ；
Ninthly, measuring the overpressure value of the explosion shock wave by calculating the minimum diameter f i Is loaded with a shock wave overpressure deltap of the first measuring opening (11) d Obtaining the overpressure value delta p of the maximum shock wave generated by explosion at the arrangement position of the measuring device i ，
Δp i ＝Δp d ＝α(f i ) 0 +β(f i ) 1 +γ(f i ) 2 (3)
Wherein Δ p i Is the maximum shock wave overpressure, i.e. the measured shock wave overpressure value;
and tenth, detaching the broken sensitive element (3), simultaneously installing a new sensitive element (3), and reusing the measuring device.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the overpressure test error value q is 0.01Mpa in the first step and the azimuthal angle error g =30 ° in the second step.
9. The method for measuring the overpressure of the explosion shock wave by using the multi-azimuth equivalent measuring device of the overpressure of the explosion shock wave as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fourth step is to calibrate the correlation coefficients α, β and γ of the three material properties by: selecting three groups of different diameters f i The first measuring hole (11) is used for measuring the sensitive element (3) by adopting a shock tube deviceLoading, recording the corresponding loading shock wave overpressure Deltaph when the sensitive element (3) is broken d Three sets of diameters f i And loading the shock wave overpressure Deltaph d The result is substituted into the formula (2), and the parameter fitting is performed to obtain alpha, beta and gamma.
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