CN114892083A - 一种高止裂性e40厚钢板的生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高止裂性E40厚钢板的生产方法,钢的化学成分及质量百分比为C=0.04~0.06、Si=0.10~0.30、Mn=1.50~1.60、P≤0.008、S≤0.002、Alt=0.020~0.050、Ni=0.40~0.50、Cu=0.20~0.30、Cr=0.10~0.20、Nb=0.030~0.040、Ti=0.015~0.020、N≤0.0060;余量为Fe和残留元素;其生产方法包括:转炉冶炼→精炼→连铸→板坯加热→第一次轧制→快冷→再加热→控制轧制→控制冷却→精整→性能检验。生产80‑120mm的产品实物质量各项性能优良:钢板上屈服富余量在20Mpa以上,抗拉富余量在30~100Mpa,‑60℃低温冲击功值200J以上、止裂性Kca(‑10℃)值8000N/mm3/2以上和表面平直度良好的E40厚钢板。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金技术领域,涉及一种高止裂性E40厚钢板的轧制生产方法。
背景技术
海上运输业蓬勃发展,集装箱船作为货物贸易的主要运输工具,逐步向着大型化和超大型的方向发展,集装箱船甲板上部结构承载负荷也越来越大。国际上从20世纪90年代开始研发止裂性钢板,2008年成功开发出一种新型高拉力强化钢,并首次在日本造船厂使用这种钢板。2013年,国际船舶联合会(IACS)专门针对大型集装箱船板关键部位制定了集装箱船用钢板标准,并将ESSO试验和双重拉伸等脆性断裂试验列为检验钢板止裂性能的方法,目前24000TEU超大型集装箱船已使用。
为保证船舶的安全,关键部位如主甲板、舷顶列板、舱口围板等处要求高强度、高韧性及高止裂性能,舱口围板厚度达到95mm,并有望向30000TEU的超级集装箱发展,需要更大厚度的止裂钢板。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种厚度80~120mm高止裂性厚钢板E40的生产方法。
发明的技术方案:
一种高止裂性E40厚钢板的生产方法,钢的化学成分及质量百分比为C=0.04~0.06、Si=0.10~0.30、Mn=1.50~1.60、P≤0.008、S≤0.002、Alt=0.020~0.050、Ni=0.40~0.50、Cu=0.20~0.30、Cr=0.10~0.20、Nb=0.030~0.040、Ti=0.015~0.020、 N≤0.0060;余量为Fe和残留元素;包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)冶炼:按照化学成分要求冶炼400mm厚度铸坯,连铸实行全程保护浇铸,浇注温度按液相线温度+ (6~15℃)低过热度控制,凝固末端轻压下结合浇注末端重压下技术,总压下量≥21mm,保证铸坯心部质量。板坯下线堆冷至室温;
(2)板坯加热:在所述板坯加热中,板坯采用步进炉进行低温加热,在保证微合金元素固溶温度T的前提下,控制原始奥氏体晶粒。温度控制在固溶温度T~T+40℃,加热时间350~420min,其中均热段时间不少于30min;
(3)第一次轧制:在所述轧制中,双机架四辊可逆式轧机,高压水除鳞后粗轧空过,为降低表面的加工硬化程度空冷待温至未再结晶温度Tnr-30℃温度以下,钢板采用低温大压下轧制,保证道次压下量30mm以上,目标厚度250~330mm。轧制完成后经过预矫直机矫直后进入快速冷却设备Muplic采用摆动模式冷却200s至100℃以下,保留细化的晶粒组织;
(4)再加热:将第一次轧制后板坯进行超低温加热,发挥第一次轧制的细化晶粒组织对再热奥氏体的细化作用,温度控制在900~940℃,加热时间250~350min,其中均热段时间不少于30min;
(5)控制轧制:高压水除鳞后,空冷待温至≤Tnr-30℃粗轧机开始轧制,中间坯轧制至120~200mm,中间坯厚度与成品厚度比≥1.5;中间坯空冷,精轧机开始轧制温度≤Ar3-30℃,终轧温度660~710℃;
(6)控制冷却:使用预矫直,保证板形平直度。超快冷Muplic冷却水温≤30℃,开冷温度650~680℃,冷却速率5~10℃/s,返红温度400~450℃。
步骤(2)中,T为固溶温度,T=-6770÷{-2.26+log10×[Nb×(C+12÷14×N)] }-273
步骤(3)中,Tnr为再结晶温度, Tnr=877+464×C+870×Ti+363×Al-357×Si+6445×(Nb×0.80)-644×[Sqrt(Nb×0.80)]+[732×V-230×(Sqrt(V)]
步骤(5)中,Ar3为相变温度,Ar3={1670-558×[C+(Mn+Mo)÷3.875+Cu÷15.5+Cr÷20.67+Ni÷5.636 ]+16×[ (H÷25.4)-0.315 ]-32}×5÷9,其中元素符号表示此元素的质量百分比,单位为%;H表示成品钢板的厚度,单位为mm。
本发明的技术原理:
C:碳元素在合金钢中,常与其它合金元素形成碳化物,在室温或较低温度下能起到强化作用。低C含量对韧性、止裂性和焊接性都有决定性作用,同时结合强度要求,控制C含量控制在0.04%~0.06%的窄成分范围。
Si:以固溶体形式存在于铁素体和奥氏体中,提高铁素体和奥氏体的强度和硬度,造成钢韧性下降,本发明Si含量控制在0.20%~0.30%。
Mn、Ni :淬透性元素,对提高钢板的强度和韧性均有利, 其含量控制在较高水平。
Nb、Ti:碳氮化固溶元素,加热过程中稳定原始奥氏体晶粒度,抑制轧制过程中的动态和静态再结晶,抑制再结晶后晶粒长大细化晶粒,冷却过程中析出强化提高强度。
P、S:为有害元素,应尽量降低,上限控制P≤0.008%、S≤0.002%。
Cr、Cu:提高强度,凝固过程中没有成分的偏析,适量添加时对韧性没有明显的影响,为保证强度富裕量,适量添加。
本发明采用TMCP工艺生产80-120mm大厚度的止裂钢板E40,低C含量成分设计是低温韧性和焊接性能的保证,细化的晶粒、以针状铁素体为主的显微组织,高的位错密度和晶界面积在保证强度的同时具有良好的低温韧性,有效的阻止裂纹的扩展。大厚度钢板保证压缩比采用400mm铸坯,低温加热工艺充分固溶微合金元素的同时防止原始奥氏体长大。轧制过程避免在再结晶过程轧制,因再结晶生成的再结晶晶粒,比未再结晶晶粒软,在后续的轧制中再结晶晶粒畸变集中难以消除。第一次轧制采用未再结晶区的低温大压下技术均匀细化晶粒度,通过快速冷却得到细小的晶粒度。超低温再加热,在均匀奥氏体的同时防止奥氏体长大,二阶段轧制,第一阶段在未再结晶区轧制,第二阶段在两相区轧制,充分细化晶粒和形变诱导析出碳氮化物,大大增加晶界和晶内的形核点,超快冷较大的冷速避开珠光体转变区域,使最终组织以细小针状铁素体和贝氏体为主,同时预矫直机投入使用保证平直度,最终E40厚钢板的强度和冲击韧性性能均匀,止裂性良好。
本发明的有益效果:通过低温和超低温加热,节约能耗的同时控制原始奥氏体晶粒度,通过第一次低温大压下轧制均匀化铸坯组织细化晶粒,后续全轧制过程未再结晶区和两相区轧制,避免再结晶对道次临界压下率的要求,通过累计压下变形细化晶粒,发明工艺使最终组织的稳定性大大提高,因此可用400mm连铸坯稳定生产最大厚度120mm,最大宽度4200mm的高止裂性E40钢板。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例金相组织图。
具体实施方式
下面结合一组实施例进一步说明。
一种高止裂性E40厚钢板的生产方法,生产厚度80mm~120mm高止裂性E40钢板。工艺过程为转炉冶炼→精炼→连铸→板坯加热→第一次轧制→快冷→再加热→控制轧制→控制冷却→精整→性能检验。关键工艺步骤包括:
(1)冶炼:保证各元素成分满足控制要求。由于轧制大厚度钢板,连铸采用400mm断面,浇注温度液相线温度+ (6~12)℃低过热度控制,凝固末端轻压下6mm,浇注末端重压下17mm,总压下量23mm;板坯下线堆冷至室温。
(2)板坯加热:板坯加热根据炉次成分,计算微合金元素固溶温度以确定加热温度控制范围。如实施例1,固溶温度T=-6770÷{-2.26+log10×[0.033×(0.04+12÷14×0.0045)] }-273=1054。结合批量生产的控制和效率,确定加热温度为1080℃,加热时间382min,均热段时间38min。
(3)第一次轧制:高压水除鳞后,粗轧机空过,为最大限度的细化晶粒,计算未再结晶的温度。如实施例1,
Tnr=877+464×0.04+870×0.015+363×0.025-357×0.15+6445×(0.033×0.80)-644×[Sqrt(0.033×0.80)]+[732×0-230×(Sqrt(0)]=940℃,
保证轧制全过程未再结晶区域轧制,确定第一次轧制温度910℃,轧制厚度280mm。轧制完成后快速冷却至265℃,保证细化的晶粒不会长大。
(4)再加热:再加热降低变形抗力在保证可轧性完成奥氏体化的情况下,控制超低温加热920℃,加热时间290min,均热段时间32min。
(5)控制轧制:控制未再结晶区域轧制的同时,保证一定道次的两相区轧制。粗轧开轧温度900℃,中间坯厚度130mm。根据成分计算相变温度Ar3={1670-558×[0.04+(1.53+0)÷3.875+0.23÷15.5+0.12÷20.67+0.46÷5.636 ]+16×[ (80÷25.4)-0.315 ]-32}×5÷9=767℃,确定二阶段开轧温度730℃,保证精轧在两相区轧制。
(6)控制冷却:投入预矫直,超快冷水温25℃,开冷温度375℃。
钢的化学成分及质量百分比为如表1,其它为Fe和残留元素;工艺参数如表2 ;钢的性能检测结果如表3 。
表1 实施例钢的化学组成
表2 实施例生产工艺控制参数
表3 实施例样品性能检测结果
使用本发明所述方法生产80-120mm高止裂性厚钢板E40的产品表面质量优良,外检合格率100%,I级探伤合格率100%,性能合格率100%。钢板厚度位置表面、T/4和T/2处性能均匀性良好,心部位置-60℃低温冲击功200J以上,止裂性Kca(-10℃)8000 N/mm3/2,性能稳定性良好。
Claims (1)
1.一种高止裂性E40厚钢板的生产方法,其特征在于:钢的化学成分及质量百分比为C=0.04~0.06、Si=0.10~0.30、Mn=1.50~1.60、P≤0.008、S≤0.002、Alt=0.020~0.050、Ni=0.40~0.50、Cu=0.20~0.30、Cr=0.10~0.20、Nb=0.030~0.040、Ti=0.015~0.020、N≤0.0060;余量为Fe和残留元素;包括如下工艺步骤:
(1)冶炼:按照化学成分要求冶炼400mm厚度铸坯,连铸实行全程保护浇铸,浇注温度按液相线温度+ (6~15℃)低过热度控制,凝固末端轻压下结合浇注末端重压下技术,总压下量≥21mm,保证铸坯心部质量,板坯下线堆冷至室温;
(2)板坯加热:在所述板坯加热中,板坯采用步进炉进行低温加热,在保证微合金元素固溶温度T的前提下,控制原始奥氏体晶粒,温度控制在固溶温度T~T+40℃,加热时间350~420min,其中均热段时间不少于30min;
(3)第一次轧制:在所述轧制中,双机架四辊可逆式轧机,高压水除鳞后粗轧空过,为降低表面的加工硬化程度空冷待温至未再结晶温度Tnr-30℃温度以下,钢板采用低温大压下轧制,保证道次压下量30mm以上,目标厚度250~330mm,轧制完成后经过预矫直机矫直后进入快速冷却设备Muplic采用摆动模式冷却200s至100℃以下,保留细化的晶粒组织;
(4)再加热:将第一次轧制后板坯进行超低温加热,发挥第一次轧制的细化晶粒组织对再热奥氏体的细化作用,温度控制在900~940℃,加热时间250~350min,其中均热段时间不少于30min;
(5)控制轧制:高压水除鳞后,空冷待温至≤Tnr-30℃粗轧机开始轧制,中间坯轧制至120~200mm,中间坯厚度与成品厚度比≥1.5;中间坯空冷,精轧机开始轧制温度≤Ar3-30℃,终轧温度660~710℃;
(6)控制冷却:使用预矫直,保证板形平直度,超快冷Muplic冷却水温≤30℃,开冷温度650~680℃,冷却速率5~10℃/s,返红温度400~450℃。
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