CN114891494A - 一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液及其制备方法,该压裂液的配方组分包括:重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂、聚丙烯酰胺、KC l、NH4C l、溶剂;配比方案按照质量份计如下:重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂:0.2‑0.3份;聚丙烯酰胺:0.04‑0.06份;KC l:0.5‑1份;NH4C l:0.5‑1份;制备时先将溶剂水加入配液罐并保持罐内搅拌,加入KC l、NH4C l于配液罐中,搅拌溶解;再加入按重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂,搅拌混合均匀;最后加入聚丙烯酰胺搅拌混合均匀;得到大排量压裂的压裂液;本发明制备的压裂液,因聚丙烯酰胺使液体具有一定粘性,降低液体湍流阻力,而重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂可使液体变得“滑溜”,降低液体与管壁的流动阻力,从而降低液体流动阻力,实现大排量压裂操作。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于油田压裂液技术领域,具体涉及一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液及其制备方法。
背景技术
压裂液是由几种化学试剂按一定配比形成的非均质不稳定的化学体系,在压裂施工中通过高压泵组将压裂液注入地层,当注入速度大于地层的吸收速度时,地层就会产生破裂或使原来的微小缝隙张开,形成较大的裂缝,从而增加储层岩石的渗透率。
压裂液技术是实现低渗透储层高效开发的主要技术手段之一。但受压裂液施工设备及液体性质的限制,目前压裂液的注入速度一般不超过6m3液/min,对于致密储层压裂效果有限。为突破这一极限,可从改进施工设备及提高压裂液性能两方面入手,但改进施工设备耗资巨大,不易实施,因此可改进注入液体性能来实现大排量压裂操作。
要实现8m3液/min以上大排量压裂液操作,除了要求压裂液具有滤失量小、热稳定性好、剪切性能好、低残渣、配伍性好、便于配制等性能外,还要求压裂液具有很小的磨阻,否则大排量的注入会造成操作体系压力过高而无法进行。因此,需要一种低磨阻、性能好的压裂液,满足大排量压裂操作要求。
专利申请号CN201610584259.4《一种油井压裂用洗油剂及其制备方法和应用》公开了一种油井压裂用洗油剂,包括磺酸盐型阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂、聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂和水。该洗油剂与压裂液配伍性好,但是该专利申请在常规压裂液中加入表面活性剂,只能达到洗油的效果,无法实现压裂液大排量输送。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种大排量压裂的压裂液及其制备方法,以实现大排量压裂液施工,扩大致密储层压裂裂缝,提高原油采收率。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案是:
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液,该压裂液的配方组分包括:
重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂、聚丙烯酰胺、KCl、NH4Cl、溶剂;
配比按照质量份计如下:
重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂:0.2-0.3份;
聚丙烯酰胺:0.04-0.06份;
KCl:0.5-1份;
NH4Cl:0.5-1份;
溶剂:用量为完全溶解;
所述的重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂,分子结构式为:
所述的聚丙烯酰胺为非离子型,其分子量为1400万,分子式为C3xH5xNxOx。
所述的KCl为质量分数98%的工业级产品。
所述的NH4Cl为质量分数99%的工业级产品。
所述的溶剂为水。
基于上述一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
S1.先将溶剂水加入配液罐并保持罐内搅拌,按KCl为0.5-1份、NH4Cl为0.5-1份的重量百分比称取并依次加入配液罐中,搅拌溶解;
S2.按重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂0.2-0.3份重量百分比称取并加入配液罐中,搅拌混合均匀;
S3.按聚丙烯酰胺0.04-0.06份重量百分比称取并加入配液罐,搅拌混合均匀;
S4.得到粘稠液体即为用于大排量压裂的压裂液。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果:
(1)、本发明制备的大排量压裂用压裂液,因聚丙烯酰胺使液体具有一定粘性,降低液体湍流阻力,而重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂可使液体变得“滑溜”,降低液体与管壁的流动阻力,从而大大降低液体流动阻力,实现大排量压裂操作。
(2)、此外,聚丙烯酰胺与重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂复配体系进入地层后,还可起到协同作用,如扩大体系波及系数、降低油水界面张力,起到驱油的作用。KCl、NH4Cl是油田常用的无机防膨剂,可防止储层中岩石遇水膨胀,保持压裂出的裂缝渗透率,最终实现提高采收率的目的。
附图说明
图1为0.04%聚丙烯酰胺+0.1%重烷基苯磺酸盐的减阻效率图。
图2为重烷基苯磺酸盐降低界面张力效果图。
图3为体系物理模拟驱油实验结果图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步地详细描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面通过实施例对本发明进行详细的说明:
实施例1
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液,配方组分为:
重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂:0.06kg;
聚丙烯酰胺:0.015kg;
KCl:0.18kg;
NH4Cl:0.24kg;
溶剂水:29.505kg;
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液的制备方法,在配液罐中先加入29.505kg水,在搅拌的状态下加入0.18kg的KCl、0.24kg的NH4Cl,搅拌至完全溶解;将0.06kg重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂加入,搅拌至完全溶解;将0.015kg聚丙烯酰胺加入,搅拌至完全溶解。即为目标大排量压裂的压裂液。
利用室内管路磨阻仪[管径为3/8英寸(9mm)],分别测定水在45L/min、50L/min、55L/min、60L/min流量下管路进出口压力差。然后测定压裂液在45L/min、50L/min、55L/min、60L/min流量下管路进出口压力差。实验表明在45L/min流量下,压裂液的减阻率最低,但也达到了66.67%,表明压裂液体系可有液体与管壁的摩擦阻力。
实施例2
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液,配方组分为:
重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂:0.09kg;
聚丙烯酰胺:0.012kg;
KCl:0.15kg;
NH4Cl:0.3kg;
溶剂水:29.448kg;
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液的制备方法,在配液罐中先加入29.448kg水,在搅拌的状态下加入0.15kg的KCl、0.3kg的NH4Cl,搅拌至完全溶解;将0.09kg重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂加入,搅拌至完全溶解;将0.012kg聚丙烯酰胺加入,搅拌至完全溶解。即为目标大排量压裂的压裂液。
利用室内管路磨阻仪[管径为3/8英寸(9mm)],分别测定水在45L/min、50L/min、55L/min、60L/min流量下管路进出口压力差。然后测定压裂液在45L/min、50L/min、55L/min、60L/min流量下管路进出口压力差。实验表明在45L/min流量下,压裂液的减阻率最低,但也达到了65.38%,表明压裂液体系可有液体与管壁的摩擦阻力。
实施例3
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液,配方组分为:
重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂:0.06kg;
聚丙烯酰胺:0.018kg;
KCl:0.3kg;
NH4Cl:0.15kg;
溶剂水:29.472kg;
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液的制备方法,在配液罐中先加入29.472kg水,在搅拌的状态下加入0.3kg的KCl、0.15kg的NH4Cl,搅拌至完全溶解;将0.06kg重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂加入,搅拌至完全溶解;将0.018kg聚丙烯酰胺加入,搅拌至完全溶解。即为目标大排量压裂的压裂液。
利用室内管路磨阻仪[管径为3/8英寸(9mm)],分别测定水在45L/min、50L/min、55L/min、60L/min流量下管路进出口压力差。然后测定压裂液在45L/min、50L/min、55L/min、60L/min流量下管路进出口压力差。实验表明在45L/min流量下,压裂液的减阻率最低,但也达到了67.48%,表明压裂液体系可有液体与管壁的摩擦阻力。
实施例4
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液,配方组分为:
重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂:0.09kg;
聚丙烯酰胺:0.015kg;
KCl:0.3kg;
NH4Cl:0.18kg;
溶剂水:29.415kg;
一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液的制备方法,在配液罐中先加入29.415kg水,在搅拌的状态下加入0.3kg的KCl、0.18kg的NH4Cl,搅拌至完全溶解;将0.09kg重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂加入,搅拌至完全溶解;将0.015kg聚丙烯酰胺加入,搅拌至完全溶解。即为目标大排量压裂的压裂液。
利用室内管路磨阻仪[管径为3/8英寸(9mm)],分别测定水在45L/min、50L/min、55L/min、60L/min流量下管路进出口压力差。然后测定压裂液在45L/min、50L/min、55L/min、60L/min流量下管路进出口压力差。实验表明在45L/min流量下,压裂液的减阻率最低,但也达到了66.94%,表明压裂液体系可有液体与管壁的摩擦阻力。
本发明的原理为:聚丙烯酰胺+重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂复配溶液可大大降低液体与管道的摩擦阻力,如图1所示为不同流量下,0.04%聚丙烯酰胺+0.1%重烷基苯磺酸盐的减阻效率。通过室内管道磨阻仪测试体系的管道摩擦阻力比水的要低很多,所以大排量泵注压裂液时,压力不会超标。此外,K+、NH4 +的分子尺寸可进入岩石矿物分子晶体层间域,避免水分子进入而扩大层间域引起矿物膨胀,保持储层渗透率及压裂出的裂缝。聚合物与表面活性剂是油田二元化学驱常用的化学试剂,聚/表二元体系可扩大体系的波及系数,降低油水界面张力,从而提高驱油效率。图2为不同浓度重烷基苯磺酸盐降低界面张力的情况,图3为室内物理模拟驱油实验结果(体系配方为0.04%聚丙烯酰胺+0.1%重烷基苯磺酸盐的减阻效率)。因此本发明一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液可通过“降低液体摩擦阻力——实现大排量压裂,压裂——增加致密储层裂缝,防膨——保持储层渗透率,驱油——扩大波及系数、降低油水界面张力”,实现提高原油采收率。
Claims (6)
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于大排量压裂的压裂液,其特征在于:所述的聚丙烯酰胺为非离子型,其分子量为1400万,分子式为C3xH5xNxOx。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于大排量压裂的压裂液,其特征在于:所述的KCl为质量分数98%的工业级产品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于大排量压裂的压裂液,其特征在于:所述的NH4Cl为质量分数99%的工业级产品。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于大排量压裂的压裂液,其特征在于:所述的溶剂为水。
6.一种用于大排量压裂的压裂液制备方法,其特征在于:该方法包括如下步骤:
S1.先将溶剂水加入配液罐并保持罐内搅拌,按KCl为0.5-1份、NH4Cl为0.5-1份的重量百分比称取并依次加入配液罐中,搅拌溶解;
S2.按重烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂0.2-0.3份重量百分比称取并加入配液罐中,搅拌混合均匀;
S3.按聚丙烯酰胺0.04-0.06份重量百分比称取并加入配液罐,搅拌混合均匀;
S4.得到粘稠液体即为用于大排量压裂的压裂液。
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