CN114890878B - 一种用光催化制备氘代丙酮的方法 - Google Patents
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N deuterated acetone Substances [2H]C([2H])([2H])C(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用光催化制备氘代丙酮的方法,该方法是以最廉价易得的氘水为氘源,以丙酮为原料,在有机溶剂中,采用多种催化剂协同催化,30‑60℃下反应若干小时,然后通过减压蒸馏收集产物且进一步干燥后,即可得到高纯度的氘代丙酮。经过高分辨质谱检测其氘代率大于99.8%,符合商业氘代丙酮的标准。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学合成领域,具体涉及新型光催化制备氘代丙酮的方法。
背景技术
氘代丙酮是最常用的核磁(NMR)检测溶剂之一。目前其主要制备方法是在碱的作用下,氘水和丙酮在高温下反复进行氢氘交换制备得到。现有的制备方法往往耗时长、能耗高、氘代率不稳定等缺点,大大提高了氘代丙酮的制备成本。王雪婷等人的研究表明,氘代丙酮的氘同位素丰度平衡条件为碳酸钠添加量0.0159mol/mol、反应温度45℃、平衡时间3h,交换后丙酮的氘原子同位素丰度仅达到80.53 atom%D(“丙酮与重水氢-氘交换反应催化剂的考察研究”,王雪婷等,《化学试剂》,2017年第6期,第647-650页)。目前国内氘代丙酮的价格普遍在2500元/100克,开发一种更加绿色、环保、低成本、氘代效率及同位素丰度高的氘代丙酮制备方法是一大研究热点。
二氧化钛作(TiO2)为一种优良的光敏型半导体材料,其禁带宽度为3.2eV, 当受到波长≤387.5nm的紫外光照射时,价带的电子就会获得光子的能量而越前至导带,形成光生电子(e-);而价带中则相应地形成光生空穴(h+),因此TiO2被广泛用于光解水和有机物C-H键的活化领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种快速、高效、廉价的方法制备氘代丙酮。
根据本发明提供的一种用光催化制备氘代丙酮的方法,其特征在于,以氘水和丙酮为反应原料,在有机溶剂中,以催化量路易斯酸、TiO2、卤代碱金属盐、硼烷衍生物和三氧化二铝为复合催化剂,惰性气氛保护下,紫外光下加热反应得到氘代丙酮。
根据本发明提供的一种用光催化制备氘代丙酮的方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)将一定量的丙酮和氘水分别加入到有机溶剂中,并加入复合催化剂,惰性气氛保护下充分搅拌均匀;
(2)功率5W-25W,波长在265-390nm之间的紫外灯照射下,30-60℃充分反应4-24h;
(3)反应结束后,过滤除去催化剂,55℃下减压蒸馏收集得到氘代丙酮粗品;
(4)粗品干燥即可得到氘代丙酮纯品。
步骤(1)中所述的有机溶剂为一种或几种有机溶剂的混合,有机溶剂选自例如丙酮、乙二醇、正丁醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺等包含但不局限上述几种。优选地为乙二醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二乙醇胺中的一种或几种。
步骤(1)中丙酮和氘水之间的摩尔比为1:10~50。
步骤(1)中丙酮和有机溶剂之间的摩尔比为1:20~100。
步骤(1)中所述惰性气氛为氮气或氩气气氛,优选为氮气气氛。
步骤(1)中丙酮和复合催化剂之间的摩尔比依次为:n(丙酮):n(路易斯酸):n(TiO2):n(卤代碱金属盐):n(硼烷衍生物) :n(三氧化二铝)=1:0.0001-0.5:0.0001-0.5:0.0001-0.5:0.0001-0.5:0.0001-0.5。
步骤(4)中所述粗品干燥为使用无水硫酸钠、无水硫酸钙或无水硫酸镁进行干燥。
所述的催化量路易斯酸为路易斯酸一种或几种混合,例如FeCl3、Co(NO3)2、AgNO3、RuCl3、H2SO4、CuCl2等包含但不局限于上述几种。优选为FeCl3、Co(NO3)2、AgNO3、RuCl3、H2SO4中的一种或几种。
所述的卤代碱金属盐可以为任意卤族元素和碱金属的盐,例如氟化铯,氯化锂、氯化钠,溴化钠、碘化钾、溴化钾,氯化铷等的一种或几种。优选为氟化铯,氯化锂、氯化钠,溴化钠、碘化钾中的一种或几种。
所述的硼烷衍生物为BnHn 2-、BnHn+1 -、BnHn+2、CaBn−aHn−a+2中的一种或几种,其中n为6,7,8,9,10,12,20,24中的一种;a为1,2,3,4中的一种。当述的硼烷衍生物具有前述阴离子结构时,所述的硼烷衍生物配位阳离子为碱金属或过渡族金属中的一种或几种,例如Na+,Li+,K+,Cs+,Mg2+,Cr3+,Ru3+,Al3+,Mn4+等的一种或几种。优选为Na+、Cs+、Ru3+的一种或几种。优选地,所述的硼烷衍生物为Na2B12H12、CsB6H7、Na2B6H6 、NaCB9H10中的一种或几种。
与现在的技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明首次采用复合催化剂在光照下实现了丙酮的氘化反应。
(2)本发明采用氘水作为氘源,极大地降低了其氘代成本。
(3)本发明采用光催化的方法得到氘代丙酮,有着反应温和,反应时间短,操作容易、环境良好、氘代率及收率高等优点,有助于氘代丙酮的工业化生产。
附图说明
图1是实施例4制备原料丙酮的核磁1H NMR图谱。
图2是实施例4制备的产物氘代丙酮的核磁1H NMR图谱。
图3是实施例4制备原料丙酮的核磁13C NMR图谱。
图4是实施例4制备的产物氘代丙酮的核磁13C NMR图谱。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1:
(1)将0.5mmol丙酮和5mmol氘水同时溶于10mmol DMF中,并加入复合催化剂(FeCl3:0.25mmol,TiO2:0. 25mmol,CsF:0.01mmol,Na2B12H12: 0.05mmol,Al2O3:0.25mmol),N2保护下充分搅拌均匀;
(2)功率5W,波长365nm的紫外灯照射下,35℃充分反应12h;
(3)反应结束后,过滤收集催化剂,滤液在55℃下减压蒸馏收集得到氘代丙酮粗品;
(4)利用无水硫酸钠干燥即可得到氘代丙酮纯品,收率为92%,高分辨质谱检测其氘代率为99.83%。
实施例2:
(1)将1mmol丙酮和50mmol氘水同时溶于100mmol 乙二醇中,并加入复合催化剂(Co(NO3)2:0.25 mmol,TiO2:0.25 mmol,LiCl:0.01 mmol,CsB6H7: 0.05 mmol,Al2O3:0.03mmol ),N2保护下充分搅拌均匀;
(2)功率25W,波长325nm的紫外灯照射下,60℃充分反应4h;
(3)反应结束后,过滤收集催化剂,滤液在55℃下减压蒸馏收集得到氘代丙酮粗品;
(4)利用无水硫酸钠干燥即可得到氘代丙酮纯品,收率为98%,高分辨质谱检测其氘代率为99.85%。
实施例3:
(1)将1mmol丙酮和50mmol氘水同时溶于100mmol 乙二醇中,并加入复合催化剂(Co(NO3)2:0.25 mmol, LiCl:0.01mmol,CsB6H7: 0.05 mmol,Al2O3:0.03 mmol ),N2保护下充分搅拌均匀;
(2)功率25W,波长325nm的紫外灯照射下,60℃充分反应4h;
(3)反应结束后,过滤收集催化剂,滤液在55℃下减压蒸馏收集得到氘代丙酮粗品;
(4)利用无水硫酸钠干燥即可得到氘代丙酮纯品,收率为43%,高分辨质谱检测其氘代率为49.41%;
实施例4:
(1)将1 mmol丙酮和25 mmol氘水同时溶于50 mmol DMSO中,并加入复合催化剂(AgNO3:0.05 mmol,TiO2:0.05 mmol,KI:0.01 mmol,Na2B6H6: 0.04 mmol,NaCB9H10:0.04mmol,Al2O3:0.05 mmol ),N2保护下充分搅拌均匀;
(2)功率20W,波长265nm的紫外灯照射下,50℃充分反应6h;
(3)反应结束后,过滤除去催化剂,55℃下减压蒸馏收集得到氘代丙酮粗品;
(4)利用无水硫酸钙干燥即可得到氘代丙酮纯品,收率为92.98%,高分辨质谱检测其氘代率为99.83%。丙酮氘代前后的核磁对比谱图见附图(图1、图2、图3、图4,溶剂:D2O)。
实施例5:
(1)将10mmol丙酮和200mmol氘水同时溶于400mmol 二乙醇胺中,并加入复合催化剂(H2SO4:0.5mmol,TiO2:0.1mmol,NaBr:0.04 mmol,NaCB9H10:0.007 mmol,Al2O3:0.05 mmol),N2保护下充分搅拌均匀;
(2)功率20W,波长265nm的紫外灯照射下,40℃充分反应24h;
(3)反应结束后,过滤除去催化剂,55℃下减压蒸馏收集得到氘代丙酮粗品;
(4)利用无水硫酸镁干燥即可得到氘代丙酮纯品,收率为98.16%,高分辨质谱检测其氘代率为99.87%。
实施例6:
(1)将1mmol丙酮和30mmol氘水同时溶于100mmol 正丁醇中,并加入复合催化剂(RuCl3:0.025mmol,TiO2:0.25mmol,NaCl:0.025mmol,Al2O3:0.025mmol ),N2保护下充分搅拌均匀;
(2)功率5W,波长390nm的紫外灯照射下,30℃充分反应18h;
(3)反应结束后,过滤除去催化剂,55℃下减压蒸馏收集得到氘代丙酮粗品;
(5)利用无水硫酸钠干燥即可得到氘代丙酮纯品,收率为33.46%,高分辨质谱检测其氘代率为39.13%。
以上列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例。显然本发明不限于以上实施例,还可以有许多变化。在氘代药物领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变化,如复合催化剂中路易斯酸,卤代金属盐,硼烷衍生物等也可以是两种或者两种以上。此外,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种用光催化制备氘代丙酮的方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)将一定量的丙酮和氘水分别加入到有机溶剂中,并加入复合催化剂,N2保护下充分搅拌均匀;
(2)功率5W-25W,波长在265-390nm之间的紫外灯照射下,30-60℃充分反应4-24h;
(3)反应结束后,过滤除去催化剂,55℃下减压蒸馏收集得到氘代丙酮粗品;
(4)粗品干燥即可得到氘代丙酮纯品;
所述的有机溶剂选自丙酮、乙二醇、正丁醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺中的任意一种或几种的混合物;
所述复合催化剂由催化量路易斯酸、TiO2、卤代碱金属盐、硼烷衍生物和三氧化二铝组成;
所述的路易斯酸选自FeCl3、Co(NO3)2、AgNO3、RuCl3、H2SO4、CuCl2中的任意一种或几种的混合物;
所述的卤代碱金属盐选自氟化铯,氯化锂、氯化钠,溴化钠、碘化钾、溴化钾,氯化铷中的一种或几种的混合物;
所述的硼烷衍生物为BnHn 2-、BnHn+1 -、BnHn+2、CaBn−aHn−a+2中的一种或几种,其中n为6,7,8,9,10,12,20,24中的一种;a为1,2,3,4中的一种;当所述的硼烷衍生物具有前述阴离子结构时,所述的硼烷衍生物配位阳离子为Na+,Li+,K+,Cs+,Mg2+,Cr3+,Ru3+,Al3+,Mn4+中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中丙酮和氘水之间的摩尔比为1:10~50。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中丙酮和有机溶剂之间的摩尔比为1:20~100。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中丙酮和复合催化剂之间的摩尔比依次为:n(丙酮):n(路易斯酸):n(TiO2):n(卤代碱金属盐):n(硼烷衍生物) :n(三氧化二铝)=1:0.0001-0.5:0.0001-0.5:0.0001-0.5:0.0001-0.5:0.0001-0.5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述粗品干燥为使用无水硫酸钠、无水硫酸钙或无水硫酸镁进行干燥。
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