CN114888625A - System and method for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into cutting area - Google Patents
System and method for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into cutting area Download PDFInfo
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- CN114888625A CN114888625A CN202210532511.2A CN202210532511A CN114888625A CN 114888625 A CN114888625 A CN 114888625A CN 202210532511 A CN202210532511 A CN 202210532511A CN 114888625 A CN114888625 A CN 114888625A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1038—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
- B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1ns or less
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/355—Texturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
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- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into a cutting area, wherein a nano capillary channel which can be quantitatively characterized and regulated is provided through nano texturing of the surface of a blade, an external magnetic field which forms a certain angle with a self-excitation electric field acts on the cutting area by utilizing an electric permeation effect caused by the self-excitation electric field of a friction interface of the cutting area, and the Lorentz force generated by the interaction of an electric field and the magnetic field is introduced to drive the cutting fluid to permeate into the cutting area by regulating and controlling the characteristics of the magnetic field and the structural parameters of a nano texture, so that the problem that the cutting fluid cannot permeate efficiently in a nano-scale space of the cutting contact area is solved. The cutting fluid efficiently permeates into a cutter-chip or cutter-workpiece contact area, an effective lubricating film is formed on a friction interface of a cutting area, and the interface friction is slowed down, so that the cutting performances such as cutting temperature, blade abrasion, workpiece surface integrity and the like are improved. Compared with the existing method for infiltrating the cutting fluid into the cutting contact area, the method has the advantages of low driving energy field strength, high efficiency, strong controllability, simple structure and the like, and is suitable for practical use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a system and a method for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into a cutting area.
Background
During the cutting process, the cooling and lubricating conditions of the contact area of the cutter-chip or the cutter-cutter can be improved by applying the cutting fluid, so that the surface quality of the machined workpiece is improved, and the abrasion of the blade is reduced. According to different cutting conditions and cutting conditions, capillary penetration, gap penetration caused by blade vibration, pore penetration caused by built-up edges, penetration caused by chip lattice distortion defects in a first shearing area and the like exist in the way that the cutting fluid penetrates into the cutting area to play a cooling and lubricating effect; wherein, the infiltration of the clearance, the pore and the lattice defect to the cutting fluid for improving the cutter-chip or cutter-workpiece interface is small; and good cooling and lubrication can be achieved if good capillary penetration can be formed between the cutter-chip or cutter-tool interface.
The existing dynamic capillary penetration method has the defects of short time existing in a single capillary, overlarge capillary size, single driving force and the like, so that cutting fluid is difficult to effectively reach a cutter-chip or cutter-tool interface in the cutting process, and the cooling and lubricating effects are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of short time, overlarge capillary size, single driving force and the like of a single capillary in the dynamic capillary penetration method adopted in the prior art, so that the cutting fluid is difficult to effectively reach a cutter-chip or cutter-tool interface in the cutting process, and the cooling and lubricating effects are poor.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a system for assisting a cutting fluid to permeate into a cutting zone, comprising,
a blade having a nanotexture disposed on a rake face or a flank face thereof, the nanotexture extending in a direction perpendicular to a main cutting edge;
the cutting fluid is a water-based cutting fluid with electroosmosis property;
a magnetic field generating device comprising a coil connected to an external power source.
In one embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field generating device further comprises a clamp for clamping the coil, the clamp comprises a fixing rod and an adjusting seat, the fixing rod is used for being connected with a tool rest of a machine tool, the adjusting seat is hinged with the fixing rod, and the adjusting seat is used for bearing the coil and adjusting the position of the coil.
In one embodiment of the invention, a wire core is further arranged in the coil and used for enhancing the magnetic field intensity generated when the coil is electrified.
A method for preparing a blade of a system for infiltration of an auxiliary cutting fluid as described above into a cutting zone, comprising the steps of:
grinding, polishing and cleaning the surface of the blade;
and preparing nano-texture on the front/back tool face of the blade close to the main cutting edge by using femtosecond laser.
A preparation method of the cutting fluid of the system for assisting the cutting fluid to permeate into the cutting area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the zwitterionic surfactant containing a cationic group and two anionic groups in the molecule is dissolved in deionized water to prepare the water-based cutting fluid with electroosmosis property.
A method for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into a cutting area is used for processing a workpiece by using the system for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into the cutting area, and comprises the following steps,
step S1, mounting the blade on a knife rest through a knife bar;
step S2, arranging the magnetic field generating device on the tool rest, adjusting the position of the coil to enable the center of the coil to vertically face the front tool face when the nano-texture is arranged on the front tool face of the blade, and adjusting the position of the coil to enable the center of the coil to vertically face the rear tool face when the nano-texture is arranged on the rear tool face of the blade;
and step S3, setting preset cutting parameters and coil electrifying current, starting the machine tool to process the workpiece and continuously spraying cutting fluid on the contact area of the blade and the workpiece.
In one embodiment of the invention, the distance between the center of the coil and the rake face or the flank face of the insert is 35mm to 45mm, and the magnitude of the current when the coil is energized is 1A to 6A.
In one embodiment of the invention, the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the coil is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the output current of the external power supply of the coil.
In one embodiment of the invention, the blade and the workpiece rub to generate a self-excited electric field during cutting, and the strength of the self-excited electric field is adjusted by adjusting the cutting parameters of the machine tool.
In one embodiment of the invention, the magnetic field strength of the coil at its middle position when energized is greater than 220 Gs.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
the system and the method for assisting the cutting fluid to permeate into the cutting area provide a nano capillary channel which can be quantitatively characterized and regulated through the nano texturing of the surface of the blade, utilize an electric osmosis effect induced by a self-excitation electric field of a friction interface of the cutting area, act an external magnetic field forming a certain angle with the self-excitation electric field on the cutting area, and further introduce the Lorentz force generated by the interaction of the electric field and the magnetic field through regulating and controlling the characteristics of the magnetic field and the structural parameters of the nano texture. In addition to the driving acting force of the traditional cutting fluid permeation mechanism, electroosmosis force and Lorentz force are introduced, so that the problem of efficient permeation of the cutting fluid in a nano-scale space of a cutting contact area is solved. The cutting fluid can efficiently permeate into a cutter-chip/cutter-tool contact area, an effective lubricating film can be formed on a friction interface of the cutting area, and the interface friction is slowed down, so that the cutting performances such as cutting temperature, blade abrasion, workpiece surface integrity and the like are improved. Compared with the existing driving method for the cutting fluid to permeate into the cutting contact area, the magnetic field assisted nanochannel electroosmosis driving method has the advantages of low driving energy field strength, high efficiency, strong controllability, simple structure and the like.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a system for assisting the penetration of a cutting fluid into a cutting zone (nanotexture is disposed on a rake surface) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a system for assisting the penetration of a cutting fluid into a cutting area (a nanotexture is arranged on a rear tool face) according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the penetration of cutting fluid at the tool-chip interface under the combined action of an applied magnetic field and a self-exciting electric field of the system for assisting the penetration of cutting fluid into a cutting zone shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the penetration of cutting fluid at the tool-to-tool interface under the combined action of an applied magnetic field and a self-excited electric field of the system for assisting the penetration of cutting fluid into a cutting zone shown in FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of nanotexturing of the system for assisting the penetration of cutting fluid into a cutting zone of fig. 1 disposed on the rake surface of an insert;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of nanotexturing of the system for assisting the penetration of cutting fluid into a cutting zone of fig. 1 disposed on the flank of an insert;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a state of a rake face of a cutting insert in the system for assisting the penetration of a cutting fluid into a cutting zone of FIG. 1, in which a is a SEM (scanning electron microscope) view of a wear region and b is a Na elemental composition analysis view, when cutting is performed using a nanotextured cutting insert in the presence of an applied magnetic field;
fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a state of a rake face of a cutting insert when the system for assisting the penetration of a cutting fluid into a cutting zone of fig. 1 cuts using a nanotextured cutting insert in the absence of an applied magnetic field, in which fig. c is an SEM image of a wear area, and fig. d is an analysis image of Na element components;
fig. 9 is a schematic view showing a state of a rake face of a blade when the system for assisting the penetration of cutting fluid into a cutting zone of fig. 1 cuts using a nanotextured blade in the presence of an applied magnetic field, in which fig. e is an SEM picture of a wear region, and fig. f is an analysis picture of Na element components;
FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of tribo plasma emission;
FIG. 11 is a topographical view of a nanotexture of a blade surface machined with a femtosecond laser;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a progressive enlargement of a nanotextured capillary tube machined on the surface of a blade;
fig. 13 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the nano-texture processed on the surface of the blade in a gradually enlarged manner.
The specification reference numbers indicate: 1. a blade; 11. nano-texturing; 2. a magnetic field generating device; 21. a coil; 22. a clamp; 221. fixing the rod; 222. an adjusting seat.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following figures and specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention and practice it, but the examples are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a system for assisting the infiltration of a cutting fluid into a cutting zone according to the present invention includes,
the cutting insert comprises an insert 1, wherein a nano-texture 11 is arranged on a front tool face or a rear tool face of the insert 1, and the nano-texture 11 extends in a direction vertical to a main cutting edge;
the cutting fluid is water-based cutting fluid with electroosmosis property;
the magnetic field generating device 2, the magnetic field generating device 2 includes a coil 21 connected with an external power supply.
Further, the magnetic field generating device 2 further comprises a clamp 22 for clamping the coil 21, the clamp 22 comprises a fixing rod 221 and an adjusting seat 222, the fixing rod 221 is used for being connected with a tool rest of the machine tool, the adjusting seat 222 is hinged to the fixing rod 221, and the adjusting seat 222 is used for bearing the coil 21 and adjusting the position of the coil 21.
Further, a wire core is arranged in the coil 21 and used for enhancing the magnetic field intensity generated when the coil 21 is electrified.
A method for preparing a blade of a system for infiltration of an auxiliary cutting fluid as described above into a cutting zone, comprising the steps of:
grinding and polishing the surface of the blade 1, and cleaning the blade in an ethanol solution by using ultrasonic waves;
and focusing the linearly polarized femtosecond laser to the front/rear cutter face of the blade 1 close to the main cutting edge by using an objective lens to process the nano-texture 11, wherein the energy of the femtosecond laser is 0.5-3 muJ, the frequency is 500-1000 Hz, and the scanning frequency is 1-2 times.
Specifically, a nano-texture 11 (i.e., a nano-channel) perpendicular to the main cutting edge is provided on the rake face or the flank face of the insert 1 using a femtosecond laser to function to provide a capillary. It is expected that the cutting fluid will have better cooling and lubricating effects by forming good capillary penetration at the tool-chip interface or tool-tool interface. Therefore, the nano-texture 11 is arranged on the front tool face or the rear tool face of the blade 1, and in the cutting process, after cutting fluid passes through an air flow field and reaches the boundary of a cutter-chip or a cutter-workpiece interface, the cutting fluid is finally adsorbed to form a boundary film through capillary penetration, in-tube flow and heating vaporization, so that the cutting fluid can play a good cooling and lubricating role.
A preparation method of the cutting fluid of the system for assisting the cutting fluid to permeate into the cutting area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the zwitterionic surfactant containing one cationic group and two anionic groups in the molecule is dissolved in deionized water to prepare the water-based cutting fluid with electroosmosis property, and the concentration of the water-based cutting fluid is 0.05mmol/L-0.2 mmol/L. The disodium lauriminodipropionate may be dissolved in deionized water to prepare an aqueous cutting fluid.
A method for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into a cutting area is used for processing a workpiece by using the system for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into the cutting area, and comprises the following steps,
step S1, horizontally mounting the blade 1 on a knife rest through a knife bar;
step S2, arranging the magnetic field generating device 2 on the tool rest, adjusting the position of the coil 21 by the clamp 22 when the nano-texture 11 is arranged on the front knife face of the blade 1, and making the center of the coil 21 vertically face to the front knife face, and adjusting the position of the coil 21 by the clamp 22 when the nano-texture 11 is arranged on the rear knife face of the blade 1, and making the center of the coil 21 vertically face to the rear knife face;
specifically, when the nanotexture 11 is disposed on the rake surface of the blade 1, the coil 21 is disposed above the blade 1 by the jig 22 and the position of the coil 21 is adjusted so that the center of the coil 21 is directed perpendicularly to the rake surface; the coil 21 can generate a first externally-applied magnetic field which is vertically downward and vertical to the rake face after being electrified; in the cutting process, the blade 1 and a workpiece are subjected to severe friction to generate a self-excitation electric field, wherein an electric field component which points to the direction of the blade 1 from the direction of the workpiece and is parallel to the main cutting edge and a first external magnetic field act together to generate a Lorentz force which drives the cutting fluid to flow to a blade-chip contact area along the nano texture 11, so that the effective penetration of the cutting fluid is ensured, and the lubricating and cooling effects are improved.
Specifically, when the nanotexture 11 is disposed on the flank face of the blade 1, the coil 21 is disposed on a side away from the flank face of the blade 1 by the jig 22 and the position of the coil 21 is adjusted so that the center of the coil 21 is vertically directed toward the flank face; the coil 21 can generate a second external magnetic field vertical to the rear cutter surface after being electrified; in the cutting process, the blade 1 and a workpiece are subjected to severe friction to generate a self-excitation electric field, wherein the electric field component which points to the direction of the blade 1 from the direction of the workpiece and is parallel to the main cutting edge and the second external magnetic field act together to generate Lorentz force for driving the cutting fluid to flow to a blade-workpiece contact area along the nano texture 11, so that the effective penetration of the cutting fluid is ensured, and the lubricating and cooling effects are improved.
And step S3, setting preset cutting parameters and coil electrifying current, starting the machine tool to process the workpiece and continuously spraying cutting fluid on the contact area between the blade 1 and the workpiece.
Referring to fig. 10-13, it is conceivable that during the cutting process, a capillary tube is formed by micro-roughness sliding and plowing actions between the blade-chip or blade-workpiece interface, meanwhile, frictional electrostatic potential generated by intense friction acts on the escape low-energy electrons in the capillary channel, and frictional microplasma is formed in an electron avalanche mode, finally, a self-excited electric field can be formed in the interface micro-contact area, and the electric field component of the self-excited electric field can initiate the electro-osmotic action of the lubricating fluid in the capillary channel of the friction interface; however, the capillary formed by the method has dynamic characteristics, and has the defects of short existing time of a single capillary, overlarge capillary size and the like, and the electroosmotic flow of the capillary driven by an electric field often needs larger electric field intensity, and when the self-excited electric field generated by friction is smaller, the generated electroosmotic force is not enough to overcome viscous resistance and inertia force, so that electric osmosis cannot be generated, and the cooling and lubricating effects of the cutting fluid are poor.
According to electromagnetic fluid mechanics, the motion of fluid with high conductivity is obviously influenced by a magnetic field, and the combined action of the electric field and the magnetic field can generate a Lorentz force, so that a boundary layer structure driven only by electroosmotic force can be changed; according to the invention, a nano capillary channel which can be quantitatively characterized and regulated is nano-textured on the surface of the blade 1, an external magnetic field which forms a certain angle with a self-excitation electric field acts on a cutting area by utilizing an electric osmosis effect caused by the self-excitation electric field of a friction interface of the cutting area, the Lorentz force generated by the interaction of the electric field and the magnetic field acts on cutting fluid by regulating and controlling parameters such as characteristics of the magnetic field and a nano texture structure, the cutting fluid is driven to effectively permeate into a tool-tool contact area through a nano texture 11, an effective lubricating film is formed on the friction interface of the cutting area, and the interface friction is slowed down, so that the improvement on the cutting performances such as the cutting temperature, the abrasion of the blade 1, the surface integrity of a workpiece and the like is achieved. Compared with the existing driving method for the cutting fluid to permeate into the cutting contact area, the magnetic field assisted nanochannel electroosmosis driving method has the advantages of low driving energy field strength, high efficiency, strong controllability, simple structure and the like.
Further, the distance between the center of the coil 21 and the rake face or the flank face of the insert 1 is 35mm to 45mm, and the magnitude of the current when the coil 21 is energized is 1A to 6A.
Furthermore, the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the coil 21 is adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the output current of the external power supply of the coil 21.
Furthermore, the blade 1 and a workpiece rub to generate a self-excitation electric field in the cutting process, and the intensity of the self-excitation electric field is adjusted by adjusting the cutting parameters of the machine tool. Specifically, the strength of the generated self-excited electric field is adjusted by adjusting the feed amount, the cutting amount, the rotation speed, and the like of the insert 1 at the time of cutting.
Further, the magnetic field intensity at the middle position of the coil 21 when the coil is electrified is larger than 220 Gs.
Example two
Referring to fig. 1-6, based on the first embodiment, a system for auxiliary cutting fluid infiltration into a cutting area for engineering ceramic workpiece processing is disclosed,
specifically, the blade 1 adopts a single crystal diamond blade, and the nano-texture 11 is processed on the rear knife face of the blade 1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding and polishing the surface of the single crystal diamond blade, and cleaning the single crystal diamond blade for 20min in an ethanol solution by using ultrasonic waves;
(2) based on a surface plasma wave and main light beam interference model, linear polarized femtosecond laser with the wavelength of 800nm is focused to the position, close to a main cutting edge, of the rear tool face of the blade 1 by using an objective lens (the magnification is 80 times) with the numerical aperture of 0.8, and a nano texture 11 is processed, wherein the processing parameters of the laser are as follows: the femtosecond pulse energy is 2 muJ, the frequency is 800Hz, the scanning times are 1, the nano-texture 11 extends in the direction vertical to the main cutting edge, the depth of the nano-texture 11 is 150nm, and the period is 500 nm.
Specifically, a water-based cutting fluid with a concentration of 0.15mmol/L is used for cutting.
Specifically, the parameters of the coil 21 used by the magnetic field generating device 2 are as follows: the outer diameter is 42mm, the inner diameter is 12mm, the length is 60mm, the number of turns is 2000, the wire diameter is 0.5mm, and an iron core with the diameter of 12mm and the length of 20mm is placed in the coil 21 so as to enhance the magnetic field intensity generated when the coil 21 is electrified;
the position of the coil 21 is adjusted by the fixture 22, and the orientation of the coil 21 is adjusted at the same time, so that the center of the coil 21 is aligned with the blade-tool contact area of the blade 1 provided with the nano-texture 11, and the center of the coil 21 is 45mm away from the blade tip. Then, the end and the tail of the coil 21 are connected with the positive and negative poles of the dc regulated power supply, and the output current of the power supply is adjusted to adjust the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the coil 21, where the current when the coil 21 is energized in this embodiment is 1A, and the magnetic field intensity generated at the middle position of the energized coil 21 can reach 502 Gs.
The system is adopted to process the engineering ceramic workpiece,
specifically, the blade 1 is installed, the cutting fluid nozzle is aligned with the blade-tool contact area, and then the machine tool is started to perform ZrO 2 The engineering ceramic bar is cut, and the cutting parameters are as follows: the main shaft rotation speed is 1000r/min, the feed rate is 10mm/min, the cutting depth is 10 mu m, and under the cutting parameters, when the diamond blade rubs the ceramic material, electrons with energy as high as 900eV can be emitted, so that an electric field as high as 1000V/cm can be formed in a micrometer scale area of a cutter-tool interface; the external magnetic field generated when the coil 21 is electrified interacts with the self-excited electric field of the knife-working friction interface to generate Lorentz force, and the Lorentz force and the electroosmosis force drive the cutting fluid to permeate into the knife-working contact area through the nano texture.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 1, on the basis of the first embodiment, a system for auxiliary cutting fluid to penetrate into a cutting area for processing AISI 316L stainless steel workpieces is disclosed,
specifically, the blade 1 adopts a TiAlN coated blade, and the nano-texture 11 is processed on the front knife face of the blade 1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) grinding and polishing the surface of the TiAlN coated blade, and cleaning the TiAlN coated blade for 20min in an ethanol solution by using ultrasonic waves;
(2) based on a surface plasma wave and main light beam interference model, linear polarized femtosecond laser with the wavelength of 800nm is focused to the position, close to a main cutting edge, of the rake face of the blade 1 by using an objective lens (the magnification is 80 times) with the numerical aperture of 0.8, and a nano texture 11 is processed, wherein the processing parameters of the laser are as follows: the femtosecond pulse energy is 2.5 muJ, the frequency is 1000Hz, and the scanning times are 1 time; the nano-texture 11 extends in a direction perpendicular to the main cutting edge, the depth of the nano-texture 11 is 200nm, and the period is 400 nm.
Specifically, a water-based cutting fluid with a concentration of 0.20mmol/L is used for cutting.
Specifically, the parameters of the coil 21 used by the magnetic field generating device 2 are as follows: the outer diameter is 45mm, the inner diameter is 15mm, the length is 55mm, the number of turns is 1500, the wire diameter is 1mm, and an iron core with the diameter of 15mm and the length of 25mm is placed in the coil 21 so as to enhance the magnetic field intensity generated when the coil 21 is electrified;
the position of the coil 21 is adjusted by the fixture 22, and the orientation of the coil 21 is adjusted at the same time, so that the center of the coil 21 is aligned with the blade-chip contact area of the blade 1 provided with the nano-texture 11, and the center of the coil 21 is 55mm away from the blade tip. Then, the end and the tail of the coil 21 are connected with the positive and negative poles of the dc regulated power supply, and the output current of the power supply is adjusted to adjust the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the coil 21, the current when the coil 21 is energized in this embodiment is 5A, and the magnetic field intensity generated at the middle position of the energized coil 21 can reach 1054 Gs.
The system is adopted to process the engineering ceramic workpiece,
specifically, a blade is installed, a cutting fluid spray head is aligned to a blade-scrap contact area, then a machine tool is started to cut AISI 316L stainless steel bars, and the cutting parameters are as follows: the cutting speed is 75m/min, the feed rate is 0.1mm/rev, the cutting depth is 0.3mm, electrons with the energy up to 1500eV can be emitted when the TiAlN coated blade is used for sliding and rubbing the stainless steel material under the cutting parameter, and an electric field with the energy up to 1750V/cm can be formed in a micrometer scale region of a cutter-chip interface; the external magnetic field generated when the coil 21 is electrified interacts with the self-excited electric field of the knife-chip friction interface to generate Lorentz force, and the Lorentz force and the electroosmosis force drive the cutting fluid to permeate into the knife-chip contact area through the nano-texture 11.
Referring to fig. 7(a), (b) are SEM images of the rake face wear area of the insert 1 and corresponding Na elemental composition analysis when cutting with the insert 1 without the nanotexture 11 in the presence of an applied magnetic field. It can be seen that the rake face of the insert 1 is severely worn and there is a significant flaking of the TiAlN coating in the worn area, in the direction of chip outflow. As can be seen from the EDS surface distribution diagram of the Na element, a very small amount of the Na element is present in the rake face of the insert 1, and the material of the insert 1 and the material of the workpiece do not contain the Na element, but only the cutting fluid (containing disodium lauriminodipropionate) contains the Na element. Therefore, the presence of Na element can prove the presence of the cutting fluid. In addition, the presence of Na element was hardly detected in the wear region, indicating that the cutting fluid hardly penetrated into the non-nanotextured blade chip contact region even under minimal lubrication conditions.
Referring to fig. 8(c), (d) are SEM images of the rake face wear area of the insert 1 and corresponding Na elemental composition analysis when cutting with the insert 1 provided with the nanotexture 11 without an applied magnetic field. It can be seen that the adhesion phenomenon of the stainless steel material also exists in the wear area of the rake face, and the coating peeling phenomenon exists in a certain area in the knife-chip contact area. As can be seen from the EDS surface distribution diagram of Na element, a small amount of lubricant may penetrate into the blade-chip contact area, since the nano texture 11 may play a role of providing capillary during the penetration of the cutting fluid into the blade-chip interface, thereby promoting the penetration of the cutting fluid to some extent.
Referring to fig. 9(e), (f) are SEM images of the rake face wear area of the insert 1 and corresponding Na elemental composition analysis when cutting with the insert 1 provided with the nanotexture 11 in the presence of an applied magnetic field. It can be seen that the rake face of the insert 1 is slightly worn and that there is a very small area of coating spalling in the knife-chip contact area. And as can be seen from the EDS surface profile of Na element, a large amount of lubricant can penetrate into the blade-chip contact area under the action of the applied magnetic field. The Lorentz force generated by interaction of the electric field and the magnetic field can be further introduced when an external magnetic field perpendicular to the self-excitation electric field acts on the cutting area, and the cutting fluid can efficiently permeate and flow in the nano channel under the combined drive of the electroosmosis force and the Lorentz force, so that the formation of the lubricating film on the blade-chip interface is promoted.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A system for assisting in the penetration of cutting fluid into a cutting zone, comprising,
a blade having a nanotexture disposed on a rake face or a flank face thereof, the nanotexture extending in a direction perpendicular to a main cutting edge;
the cutting fluid is a water-based cutting fluid with electroosmosis property;
a magnetic field generating device comprising a coil connected to an external power source.
2. The system for assisting in the penetration of cutting fluid into a cutting zone of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic field generating device further comprises a clamp used for clamping the coil, the clamp comprises a fixing rod and an adjusting seat, the fixing rod is used for being connected with a tool rest of a machine tool, the adjusting seat is hinged to the fixing rod, and the adjusting seat is used for bearing the coil and adjusting the position of the coil.
3. The system for assisting in the penetration of cutting fluid into a cutting zone of claim 1, wherein: the coil is also provided with a wire core, and the wire core is used for enhancing the magnetic field intensity generated when the coil is electrified.
4. A method for preparing the insert of the system for assisting the penetration of cutting fluid into a cutting zone according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
grinding, polishing and cleaning the surface of the blade;
and preparing nano-texture on the front/back tool face of the blade close to the main cutting edge by using femtosecond laser.
5. A method for preparing a cutting fluid for a system for assisting the penetration of a cutting fluid into a cutting zone according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the zwitterionic surfactant containing a cationic group and two anionic groups in the molecule is dissolved in deionized water to prepare the water-based cutting fluid with electroosmosis property.
6. A method for penetrating an auxiliary cutting fluid into a cutting area, which is used for processing a workpiece by using the system for penetrating an auxiliary cutting fluid into a cutting area as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) preparing a solution,
step S1, mounting the blade on a knife rest through a knife bar;
step S2, arranging the magnetic field generating device on the tool rest, adjusting the position of the coil to enable the center of the coil to vertically face the front tool face when the nano-texture is arranged on the front tool face of the blade, and adjusting the position of the coil to enable the center of the coil to vertically face the rear tool face when the nano-texture is arranged on the rear tool face of the blade;
and step S3, setting preset cutting parameters and coil electrifying current, starting the machine tool to process the workpiece and continuously spraying cutting fluid on the contact area of the blade and the workpiece.
7. The method for infiltration of an auxiliary cutting fluid into a cutting zone of claim 6, wherein: the distance between the center of the coil and the front tool face or the rear tool face of the blade is 35mm-45mm, and the current of the coil is 1A-6A when the coil is electrified.
8. The method for infiltration of an auxiliary cutting fluid into a cutting zone of claim 6, wherein: the size of the magnetic field generated by the coil is adjusted by adjusting the size of the current output by the coil external power supply.
9. The method for infiltration of an auxiliary cutting fluid into a cutting zone of claim 6, wherein: and in the cutting process, the blade and the workpiece rub to generate a self-excitation electric field, and the intensity of the self-excitation electric field is adjusted by adjusting the cutting parameters of the machine tool.
10. The method for infiltration of an auxiliary cutting fluid into a cutting zone of claim 6, wherein: and the magnetic field intensity of the middle position of the coil is more than 220Gs when the coil is electrified.
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| CN202210532511.2A CN114888625B (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | System and method for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into cutting area |
| PCT/CN2022/100856 WO2023216379A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-06-23 | System and method for assisting cutting fluid in permeating into cutting area |
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| CN202210532511.2A CN114888625B (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | System and method for assisting cutting fluid to permeate into cutting area |
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| CN114888625B (en) | 2023-09-29 |
| WO2023216379A1 (en) | 2023-11-16 |
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