CN1931506A - Deburring method and apparatus based on laser shock wave - Google Patents
Deburring method and apparatus based on laser shock wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN1931506A CN1931506A CN 200610096475 CN200610096475A CN1931506A CN 1931506 A CN1931506 A CN 1931506A CN 200610096475 CN200610096475 CN 200610096475 CN 200610096475 A CN200610096475 A CN 200610096475A CN 1931506 A CN1931506 A CN 1931506A
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Abstract
The present invention is deburring method and apparatus based on laser shock wave technology and relates to laser machining technology. The present invention adopts the laser induced shock wave as the force source for deburring, and has laser generator controlled with one controller to generate laser pulse, light guiding system irradiating the laser pulse onto the absorbing layer of the reflecting cone, the absorbing layer to absorb laser energy to vaporize and ionize to form plasma, the plasma to further absorb laser energy to explode and to generate high amplitude shock wave eliminating burr in the surfaces, including inner surfaces, of parts. The present invention can eliminate burr, strengthen the surface, raise the hardness, lower the surface roughness and increase the service life of parts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of laser processing, refer in particular to a kind of method and apparatus of removing based on the Metal Cutting Burr of laser shock wave technology, be specially adapted to the inner removal of intersecting inner chamber cutting burrs such as junction, hole of part.
Background technology
Cutting burr is one of defective common in the machining, along with the miniaturization of part, multi-functional and high accuracy, cutting burr seems more outstanding to the influence of part quality, burr is the same with fifth wheel, product is produced very big influence, even jeopardize the reliability of entire product, as products such as very little air bearing in gap or dynamic pressure motors.Because the position difference of the formation of burr, the complexity that burr is removed is different, the burr of part outer surface, the burr of locating as cylindrical, end face, plane etc., the method of removing burr is simple relatively, can remove with instruments such as sand paper, files, but burr for part inside, burr as the burr in the screw, crossing junction, hole, adopt the method for the burr removal of outer surface to manifest its deficiency, new burr removal method is used gradually, mainly contains electrochemical deburring, laser heat action deburring, water under high pressure deburring etc.
Electrochemical deburring is to utilize electricity, chemical effect, is applied in part deep inside, narrow, complex-shaped position usually, utilizes metal that the principle of anodic solution can take place in electrolyte exactly.During deburring, tool-electrode is connect dc power cathode, part connects dc power anode, makes tool-electrode alignment element burr root, feeds the electrolyte that flows between part burr and tool-electrode.It is fit to the tiny burr in the precision component, have advantages such as equipment is simple, processing ease, but the surface of part can form layer oxide film after the electrolysis, character, thickness and the color of the oxide-film that different electrolyte forms are all different, must select appropriate composite electrolyte and carry out the post processing way of combining to have solved the part discoloration problem.
The laser heat action deburring utilizes laser thermal effect to remove burr, and its basic principle is exactly to utilize the big laser of intensity height, energy density to the scanning of the burr position on the part, makes burr fusing, gasification, and burr is removed.The laser heat action deburring has efficient height, applied widely, but can injure without reason during the laser heat action deburring, promptly when removing burr, matrix is sustained damage.
The water under high pressure deburring is exactly the nozzle that adapts with the workpiece shape by selecting for use, utilizes high-pressure pump etc. to make current spray to part burr position at a high speed, utilizes the impulsive force of water to remove a kind of process of burr, and simple to operate, hole bur is removed in being fit to.It is little to the damage of workpiece, do not exist as brush deburring, workpiece is caused inevitable damage problem, have certain flexibility, but the pressure of water is had higher requirement, when removing trickle burr, required hydraulic coupling is 3CMPa, for removing very thick burr, usually need the pressure about 100MPa, in addition higher.Because the pressure of water does not reach enough height, is difficult to remove the thicker burr and the burr of high-strength material, therefore limit the use of this technology.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be provided for removing the method and apparatus of metal parts burr, it utilizes the enormous impact power of the shock wave generation of induced with laser to remove the metal parts cutting burr, not only be suitable for removing the outer surface burr of part, be particularly suitable for removing the burr of inner cavity of component.Owing to used restraint layer, piece surface is not by fire damage, when removing burr, shock peening is carried out on surface to part, surface at part produces useful compressive residual stress, improves the hardness and the reduction surface roughness of part, the service life of having improved part.
The invention is characterized in the shock wave of using induced with laser as the power source of removing cutting burr, according to the size and the character of burr,, jagged up to the institute that removes most workpiece by controlling the size that laser pulse parameters changes shock wave peak pressure.
The device of realizing this method comprises laser generator, light-conducting system, clamping workpiece system and control system.Wherein light-conducting system comprises light pipe, total reflective mirror, impact head, and light pipe couples together laser generator, total reflective mirror and impact head successively, and the other end is facing to workpiece clamp system.The clamping workpiece system comprises workpiece, work piece holder, workbench, reflection cone, restraint layer, plug, absorbed layer.The surface of reflection cone scribbles energy-absorbing layer, and insert in the hole of workpiece, the burr place of the intersection of cross bore is approached on the top, workpiece is except that leaving hole guiding laser, remaining hole is blocked with plug, the dress water filling is as restraint layer in the hole of workpiece then, and clamping workpiece is on anchor clamps, and work piece holder is fixed on the workbench.Control system mainly comprises computer and controller, and control information is imported from computer, is delivered to controller, with control laser generator, work piece holder and working table movement.Reflection cone is to be formed from steel, and it is 2 α taper seats that its head has cone angle, and 0 °＜α＜90 °, its effect is to produce shock wave behind the Stimulated Light irradiation, and what the conical surface of reflection cone was following is the cylinder that cooperates with hole to be processed, and restraint layer is a water, and absorbed layer is pitch-dark.
Method based on the removal cutting burr of laser shock wave technology, it is characterized in that: press by laser generator control device control laser generator and produce laser pulse, on the absorbed layer of light-conducting system irradiation at reflection cone, vaporization behind the energy of absorbed layer absorption laser, ionization, formation plasma, plasma continues to absorb the laser energy after-explosion, produce the high-amplitude shock wave, remove the burr of part bore area with this.
By changing the relative position of workpiece and reflection cone, on new position, use the induced with laser shock wave again, can finish removal than macroporous cavity surface burr.
Because the pulse laser parameter is controlled adjustable, pulse energy can transfer to the hundreds of joule from several joules, thereby the scope that the surge pressure of the shock wave of inducing changes greatly, and maximum can be up to tens GPa, therefore both tiny burr can be removed, thick burr can be removed again; And laser spot size can focus to millimeter magnitude even micron dimension, can adjust laser spot size according to the size in the hole of part, has bigger flexibility; Adopt the impulsive force of the shock wave of induced with laser that burr is removed, belong to contactless deburring, when avoiding adopting the cutter deburring damage is caused on its surface; Laser blast wave is reflected by the part inwall when work, can carry out secondary again and load, and water has delayed the decay of shock wave as the shock Wave medium, when removing burr, shock peening is carried out on surface to the hole, and workpiece anti-fatigue performance and anti-stress corrosion performance are significantly improved.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram that the inner associated orifices of the part junction burr based on laser shock wave technology of the proposition according to the present invention is removed.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that the associated orifices junction burr of the proposition according to the present invention is removed principle.
1. laser instrument generator 2. laser pulses 3. light pipes 4. total reflective mirrors 5. impact 6 workpiece, 7 work piece holders, 8 reflection cones, 9 workbench, 10 laser instrument generator controller 11 computers, 12 restraint layers (water), 13 intersections, 14 burr 15 plugs, 16 absorbed layers (pitch-dark), 17 plug
The specific embodiment
This device mainly comprises laser instrument generator (1), light-conducting system, workpiece clamp system and control system.Wherein light-conducting system comprises light pipe (3), total reflective mirror (4) and impacts head (5), workpiece clamp system comprises restraint layer (water) (12), plug (15), absorbed layer (pitch-dark) (16), reflection cone (8), plug (17), workpiece (6), anchor clamps (7), workbench (9) composition, and control system comprises computer (11) and controller (10).
Laser generator (1) sends through the laser pulse of optimizing (2), and the beam mode of laser pulse (2) can be various modes such as basic mode, multimode, and it is regulated and control by controller (10).The laser beam (2) that is produced by laser generator (1) is through light pipe (3) and total reflection border (4) and impact head (5) and a restraint layer (water) (12), and irradiation is on the surperficial energy-absorbing layer (16) of reflection cone (8).In the impact head (5) focus lamp is arranged, change the distance of impacting head (5) and reflection cone (8), can change spot size.Reflection cone (8) is fixed on workbench (9), and workbench can be realized moving axially along three, thereby realizes that the endoporus that workpiece (6) is carried out a plurality of plan-positions carries out deburring.
As shown in Figure 2, laser beam (2) through light-conducting system output passes restraint layer (water) (12), effect of irradiation cover on the surface of the work on energy-absorbing layer (16) on, energy-absorbing layer (16) has absorbed after the laser energy, vaporization rapidly, ionization form plasma, and plasma continues to absorb the laser energy after-explosion, has formed the shock wave of propagating to all directions, when shock wave peak pressure surpasses the Dynamic Fracture intensity of burr (14) of metal cutting, the burr fracture.For large-scale vestibule, often need by the motion workpiece, repeatedly induce laser blast wave just can remove most burr, i.e. work piece holder (7) instruction of accepting controller (10) is moved workpiece, on new position, use the induced with laser shock wave again, till burr goes to the greatest extent.
Claims (4)
1, based on the method for the removal cutting burr of laser shock wave technology, it is characterized in that: laser generator (1) produces laser pulse (2), on the absorbed layer (16) of light-conducting system irradiation in reflection cone (8), vaporization behind the energy of absorbed layer (16) absorption laser, ionization, formation plasma, plasma continues to absorb the laser energy after-explosion, produce the high-amplitude shock wave, remove the burr of workpiece (6) bore area with this.
2, based on the device of the removal cutting burr of laser shock wave technology, it is characterized in that: device comprises laser generator (1), light-conducting system, clamping workpiece system and control system, wherein light-conducting system comprises light pipe (3), total reflective mirror (4), impacts head (5), light pipe (3) couples together laser generator (1), total reflective mirror (4) and impact head (5) successively, and the other end is facing to workpiece clamp system; The clamping workpiece system comprises workpiece (6), work piece holder (7), workbench (9), reflection cone (8), restraint layer (12), plug (15), absorbed layer (16), the surface of reflection cone (8) scribbles absorbed layer (16), and insert in the hole of workpiece (7), the burr place of the intersection of cross bore is approached on the top, workpiece (7) is except that leaving hole guiding laser, remaining hole is blocked with plug (15) (17), right absorbed layer (16) is gone up and is restraint layer (12), workpiece (6) is clamped on the work piece holder (7), and work piece holder (7) is fixed on the workbench (9); Control system mainly comprises computer (11) and laser instrument generator controller (10), and computer (11) is by controller (10) control laser generator (1), work piece holder (7) and workbench (9) motion.
3, the device of the removal cutting burr based on laser shock wave technology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: reflection cone (8) is to be formed from steel, it is 2 α taper seats that its head has cone angle, 0 °＜α＜90 °, what the conical surface of reflection cone (8) was following is the cylinder that cooperates with hole to be processed.
4, the device of the removal cutting burr based on laser shock wave technology according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: restraint layer (12) is a water, and absorbed layer (16) is pitch-dark.
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| CNB2006100964750A CN100455398C (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2006-09-27 | Deburring method and apparatus based on laser shock wave |
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| CNB2006100964750A CN100455398C (en) | 2006-09-27 | 2006-09-27 | Deburring method and apparatus based on laser shock wave |
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| CN1931506A true CN1931506A (en) | 2007-03-21 |
| CN100455398C CN100455398C (en) | 2009-01-28 |
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| CN103203550A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-17 | 大连理工大学 | Device for washing lithium ion battery electrodes on basis of laser shock wave technology |
| CN103418912A (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2013-12-04 | 广东工业大学 | Machining device and machining method for enhancing sapphire laser back wet etching rate |
| CN103639599A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-19 | 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 | Laser deburring system and method |
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| JPS63124537A (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1988-05-28 | Ideya:Kk | Method for removing excessive resin in resin sealed type semiconductor device |
| CN1225168A (en) * | 1996-07-11 | 1999-08-04 | 尼奥斯罗伯蒂克斯公司 | A deburring method |
| US5932120A (en) * | 1997-12-18 | 1999-08-03 | General Electric Company | Laser shock peening using low energy laser |
| JP2000317660A (en) * | 1999-05-06 | 2000-11-21 | Sigma Koki Kk | Method and device for removing burr by using laser beam |
| JP2006095563A (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | Denso Corp | Method and device for removing burr by high-density energy beam |
| CN1308112C (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2007-04-04 | 江苏大学 | Laser impact treating method and apparatus with ice as constraint layer |
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| CN102764747A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-11-07 | 安徽工业大学 | Method and device for descaling inner wall of metal pipeline based on laser impact wave technology |
| CN102764747B (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2015-02-25 | 安徽工业大学 | Method and device for descaling inner wall of metal pipeline based on laser impact wave technology |
| CN103203550A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-17 | 大连理工大学 | Device for washing lithium ion battery electrodes on basis of laser shock wave technology |
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Assignee: Nanjing Jinxin Transmission Equipment Co., Ltd. Assignor: Jiangsu University Contract fulfillment period: 2009.7.1 to 2012.6.1 contract change Contract record no.: 2009320001062 Denomination of invention: Deburring method and apparatus based on laser shock wave Granted publication date: 20090128 License type: Exclusive license Record date: 2009.7.7 |
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Free format text: EXCLUSIVE LICENSE; TIME LIMIT OF IMPLEMENTING CONTACT: 2009.7.1 TO 2012.6.1; CHANGE OF CONTRACT Name of requester: NANJING JINXIN TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. Effective date: 20090707 |
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Granted publication date: 20090128 Termination date: 20091027 |