CN114888304B - Manufacturing method of composite porous structure liquid absorption core - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of composite porous structure liquid absorption core Download PDFInfo
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- CN114888304B CN114888304B CN202210512152.4A CN202210512152A CN114888304B CN 114888304 B CN114888304 B CN 114888304B CN 202210512152 A CN202210512152 A CN 202210512152A CN 114888304 B CN114888304 B CN 114888304B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/62—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by chemical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a composite porous structure liquid suction core, and relates to the liquid suction core processing technology. Firstly, designing a three-dimensional skeleton structure model, then, guiding the designed three-dimensional skeleton structure model into a 3D printing system, taking metal powder as a raw material, and printing by adopting a laser sintering process to obtain a liquid absorption core skeleton structure containing micro-pores; after printing, introducing oxygen into the cavity of the printer, wherein the oxygen content is 2% -16%, adjusting the parameters of a printer laser, carrying out surface laser printing on the printed liquid absorption core skeleton structure containing the micro-pores, and repeating the steps for 2-10 times to obtain the hydrophilic-hydrophobic controllable liquid absorption core with the composite porous structure. The manufacturing method is simple, has less material consumption, can improve the capillary force of the liquid suction core, reduces the heat transfer resistance, has convenient regulation and control of the surface wettability, and strengthens the heat transfer and condensation efficiency of the liquid suction core.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of liquid suction core processing, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a hydrophilic-hydrophobic controllable composite porous structure liquid suction core.
Background
With the development of miniaturization, integration and high performance of electronic devices, the degradation of device performance caused by high heat flux density is gradually occurring, and the problem of thermal management of electronic devices is also more and more serious. When the operating temperature of the electronic device exceeds the rated operating temperature by 10 ℃, the reliability of the electronic device is reduced by 50%. The ever increasing heat dissipation requirements have become a bottleneck restricting the application of electronic components. Therefore, the variable heat transfer device such as the heat pipe and the temperature equalization plate is widely applied to effective heat management of electronic products due to high heat conductivity, high stability, high reliability and high cooling capacity. The wick generates capillary pressure and then is used for driving working fluid to move from the condenser to the evaporator, so that the operation of the cooling system is maintained, the most critical component in the phase-change cooling system, and the performance of the wick directly influences the cooling performance of the heat pipe or the temperature equalizing plate. The types of the common liquid suction cores at present mainly comprise three types of metal powder sintering type liquid suction cores, wire mesh type liquid suction cores and groove or channel type liquid suction cores.
The existing manufacturing method of the liquid suction core is mainly prepared by a sintering method, and the sintering materials are metal powder, a metal wire mesh, metal fibers and the like. The metal powder sintered liquid suction core has the advantages of high mechanical strength, large capillary force and the like, but the liquid suction core has lower permeability and large fluid flow resistance, and is not beneficial to gas-liquid separation of working medium phase change when the liquid suction core works; meanwhile, the preparation period is long, the size of the liquid suction core is required to be controlled by matching with a corresponding die machined, and the pore diameter and the porosity are uncontrollable. The silk-screen type liquid suction core has the advantages of high porosity, simple processing technology, low cost and the like, but the liquid suction core has the defects of low capillary force, large thermal resistance among different silk-screen layers and the like, and has poor heat transfer effect. Besides the wick prepared by the sintering method, the groove or channel type wick formed by machining is low in capillary force and is not suitable for high-heat-flux electronic equipment. In addition, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regulation of the liquid suction core plays a key role in improving the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe temperature equalizing plate, and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regulation of the existing liquid suction core needs to be matched with surface post-treatment, so that the manufacturing process is complex, and the quantitative production is inconvenient.
The composite structure liquid absorption core combines the characteristics of various liquid absorption cores, and makes up the defects of the liquid absorption cores. Therefore, patent number CN104075603a discloses a composite wick for heat pipe and its preparation method, the wick is composed of two parts of metal outer sleeve and metal porous flow channel, with double pore structure, which improves capillary pressure and permeability, and at the same time, the metal porous flow channel provides working medium return channel, reduces liquid return resistance, thus improving heat transfer performance of heat pipe. However, the mould is manufactured by combining a linear cutting method in advance, so that the working procedure is complicated, and micropores of the liquid suction cores are randomly distributed, so that the gas-liquid transportation is not facilitated. The publication No. CNC104776742a proposes a method of manufacturing a composite wick in which the wick structure is sintered by combining a wire mesh and copper foam or copper powder, and sintering the copper foam or copper powder on at least one side of the wire mesh layer. The patent has complicated procedures and complex technology, and the pore structure can not be well controlled. Patent publication No. CN110385436A discloses a metal liquid suction core with a multi-aperture structural characteristic and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein a fine structure formed by powder bonding gaps manufactured by the liquid suction core can meet the requirement of improving capillary performance, but fine pores are randomly combined, and the air-liquid flowing resistance in the liquid suction core is large due to uncontrollable pores, so that the heat dissipation requirement of high heat flow density is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a manufacturing method of a liquid absorption core with a composite porous structure. The manufacturing method of the composite porous liquid suction core has the advantages of simple process, controllable pore structure size and porosity, realization of controllable hydrophilic and hydrophobic manufacturing of the liquid suction core surface, high capillary force, small gas-liquid flow resistance and the like.
The manufacturing method of the composite porous structure liquid absorption core comprises the following steps:
(1) Designing a three-dimensional skeleton structure model; the model is designed by three-dimensional software, the designed model is composed of a millimeter macroporous framework structure in a nested liquid suction core, and the model is led into a 3D printing system to control a printing process and is subjected to additive manufacturing after slicing treatment;
(2) Introducing the designed three-dimensional framework structure model into a 3D printing system, printing by adopting a laser sintering process by taking metal powder as a raw material, and obtaining a porous framework structure of the liquid absorption core with micro-pores by controlling laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval and powder spreading layer thickness;
(3) After printing, oxygen is introduced into the printer cavity, wherein the oxygen content is 2% -16%;
(4) Carrying out surface laser printing on the porous framework of the liquid absorption core containing the micropores, adjusting the power of a 3D printing laser to be 5-100W, the scanning speed to be 5-200 mm/s, the laser pulse frequency to be 10-100 kHz, and the scanning interval to be 0.01-0.1 mm;
(5) And (3) repeating the step (4) for 2-10 times, and manufacturing the liquid absorbing core with the composite porous structure, wherein the surface of the liquid absorbing core forms an ordered micro-nano pore structure, and the controlled manufacturing of the gradient pore and the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface is realized. Preferably, the metal powder has a particle size of 10 to 80. Mu.m.
Preferably, the laser power is 140-2000W, the scanning speed is 2000-4000 mm/s, and the thickness of the printing powder spreading layer is 0.1-1 mm.
Preferably, the laser scanning rotation angle in the laser sintering process is 90 degrees, the scanning interval is 0.1-1.2 mm, the powder is paved layer by layer, and unidirectional cross line scanning is performed.
Preferably, the micro-nano pore size in the liquid absorption core is 0.5-200 mu m, and the porosity is controlled to be 5-90%.
Preferably, the total thickness of the composite porous structure liquid absorption core is 0.1-6 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The composite gradient structure of the liquid absorption core is designed by three-dimensional software, the porous liquid absorption core is directly printed and formed by a 3D printing technology, and the size and the porosity of the composite pore structure can be accurately controlled. The composite porous structure can be formed in one step without mould development and additional processing, such as development and manufacture of wick of loop heat pipe, temperature equalizing plate, capillary pump loop heat pipe and the like. In addition, the composite gradient porous structure realizes the composite of micro-nano scale pores and millimeter scale pores, and can reduce the gas-liquid flow resistance while meeting the excellent capillary performance of the liquid suction core.
(2) The composite porous structure liquid absorbing core can realize hydrophilic and hydrophobic regulation and control of the liquid absorbing core while forming the composite gradient pores once, realizes the once forming property of gradient pore and interface regulation and control, does not need an additional surface post-treatment process, and can realize regional regulation and control of enhanced heat transfer and condensation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional model of a composite porous structured wick according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structure of a composite porous wick comprising a skeleton of example 1 of the present invention comprising micropores.
Fig. 3 is a micro pore structure within the composite gradient porous wick framework of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the surface topography and its wettability measurements for a composite porous structured wick according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the internal microporous structure of a composite porous structured liquid absorbent scaffold in accordance with example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a comparison of the thermal resistance of a wick comprising a porous wick and a solid skeletal structure of example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A manufacturing method of a composite porous structure liquid absorption core comprises the following specific steps:
the three-dimensional modeling software is adopted to construct the skeleton structure of the composite porous liquid absorbing core, the wall thickness of the porous structure is 0.5mm, the pore structure is rectangular, and the length and width dimensions of the pore structure are 1 multiplied by 0.5mm. Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional model diagram of an additive manufacturing composite porous wick.
The model is guided into a 3D printing system for additive manufacturing after slicing treatment, and the metal powder material selected in the embodiment is AlSi10Mg, and the particle size range of the powder is 10-60 mu m.
Setting the laser power of printing to be 380W, the scanning speed to be 3000mm/s, the powder laying thickness to be 0.04mm, and the laser scanning interval to be 0.1mm, ensuring that the porous skeleton can have good forming effect and leading the porous skeleton to have better mechanical strength.
Controlling the laser rotation angle of the 3D printer to be 90 degrees, and mutually crossing laser scanning paths in the construction process, and scanning layer by layer lines to form the composite porous structure.
And a substrate of the 3D printing workbench is connected with a base plate of a heat pipe to be manufactured by adopting silica gel or bolts, a laser scans the outline of the base plate, and a composite porous liquid absorption core structure starts to be manufactured on the base plate after scanning is completed. Fig. 2 and 3 show the process of printing out a composite porous wick with a skeleton comprising micropores and a microporous structure inside the skeleton according to this embodiment.
After the printing of the composite porous structure is finished, oxygen is introduced into the cavity of the 3D printing chamber, and the oxygen content in the cavity is kept at 8%.
And adjusting the laser power of 3D printing to 50W, the scanning speed to 80mm/s, the laser pulse frequency to 60kHz and the scanning interval to 0.05mm, and performing the surface printing post-treatment of the composite pore liquid absorption core.
The laser parameters are kept unchanged, the surface of the porous liquid suction core structure is repeatedly scanned for 5 times, and the uniform micro-nano pore structure is formed on the surface of the liquid suction core, so that the surface of the composite porous liquid suction core is controlled to present hydrophilic characteristics, and the heat transfer limit of a liquid suction core product can be obviously enhanced by the hydrophilic surface. Fig. 4 is a graph of topography versus wettability measurements of a composite porous structure surface after surface printing, the structure surface exhibiting significant hydrophilicity.
After the printing of the composite porous structure liquid absorption core is finished, the printed liquid absorption core is taken down after the bolts are unscrewed or heated to make the silica gel invalid, and the subsequent machining treatment such as wire cutting and the like is not needed. Ultrasonic cleaning removes loose unmelted powder from the surface of the wick for later use.
In the examples, the internal pore characteristics of the composite porous wick skeleton were measured by mercury porosimetry, with a pore size of 80 μm and a porosity of 25%.
Example 2
A manufacturing method of a composite porous structure liquid absorption core comprises the following specific steps:
and constructing a composite porous skeleton structure by adopting three-dimensional modeling software, wherein the size of a large hole in the liquid suction core model is 0.5mm multiplied by 1mm.
The model was subjected to additive manufacturing after slicing, unlike example 1, the metal powder material selected in this example was 316L, and the powder particle size range was 20 to 60 μm.
Setting the laser power of printing to 800W, the scanning speed to 3600mm/s, the powder laying thickness to 0.03mm, the laser scanning interval to 0.12mm, controlling the laser rotation angle of the 3D printer to 60 degrees, and forming a composite structure by mutually crossing laser scanning paths and scanning layer by layer.
And a substrate of the 3D printing workbench is connected with a base plate of a heat pipe to be manufactured by adopting silica gel or bolts, a laser scans the outline of the base plate, and a composite porous liquid absorption core structure starts to be manufactured on the base plate after scanning is completed. Fig. 5 is a smaller size composite porous skeletal structure comprising micropores printed in example 2.
After the printing of the composite porous structure is finished, oxygen is introduced into the cavity of the 3D printing chamber, and the oxygen content in the cavity is kept at 12%.
And adjusting the laser power of 3D printing to 30W, the scanning speed to 60mm/s, the laser pulse frequency to 20kHz and the scanning interval to 0.01mm, and performing surface post-treatment on the 3D printing composite porous liquid absorbing core.
And (3) keeping the laser parameters unchanged, repeatedly scanning the surface of the porous liquid absorption core structure for 8 times, and ensuring that the surface of the liquid absorption core forms a uniform micro-nano pore structure.
After the printing of the composite porous structure liquid absorption core is finished, the bolts are unscrewed or the liquid absorption core is heated to make the silica gel invalid, and the printed liquid absorption core is taken down. The loose unmelted powder on the surface of the wick is ultrasonically cleaned for subsequent use.
In the examples, the internal pore diameter and the porosity of the composite porous liquid-absorbing core skeleton are respectively 45 μm and 20% as measured by mercury porosimetry.
To further illustrate the advantages of the composite porous wick structure of the examples in enhancing the heat transfer performance of the heat pipe, fig. 6 shows the comparison of heat transfer resistance of the millimeter/micrometer composite porous structure + hydrophilic surface fabricated by the process of example 2 for a loop wick. As can be seen from fig. 6, the composite porous wick with micro-nano holes inside the skeleton with surface hydrophilic-hydrophobic control has significantly reduced heat transfer resistance and higher heat transfer load than that of the solid skeleton structure.
The invention can manufacture and shape the composite porous liquid absorption core with millimeter scale and micro-nano scale at one time, does not need additional machining, has flexible design and various forms of macroporous structures in the liquid absorption core, can perform additive controllable preparation through process design on micro-nano pore size and porosity structure, and can freely design additive manufacturing process routes according to different pore structures, thereby realizing rapid development and manufacture of the composite porous liquid absorption core. The controllable manufacture of the pore structure is realized by changing the process parameters, so that the capillary performance can be remarkably increased and the gas-liquid flow resistance can be reduced.
The micro-nano pore size formed according to the existing additive manufacturing method is 0.5-200 mu m, the porosity is 5-90%, the pore diameter and the porosity can be realized by controlling the 3D printing process, the pore diameter and the porosity of the micro-nano pore structure are precisely controllable, and the defects of the existing composite liquid absorption core manufacturing are overcome.
The porous liquid absorption core manufactured by the invention can realize controllable manufacture of surface wettability while constructing a composite gradient pore structure through laser parameter control. The hydrophilic surface promotes the heat transfer limit of the liquid suction core, the hydrophobic surface strengthens condensation, and the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe or the temperature equalizing plate is comprehensively promoted.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but other modifications are possible. All modifications directly or indirectly derived from the disclosure of the present invention will be considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of making a composite porous structured wick, comprising the steps of:
(1) Designing a three-dimensional skeleton structure model;
(2) Introducing the designed three-dimensional skeleton structure model into a 3D printing system, printing by using metal powder as a raw material and adopting a laser sintering process, and obtaining the liquid absorption core skeleton structure containing the micropores by controlling laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval and powder spreading layer thickness;
(3) After printing, oxygen is introduced into the printer cavity, wherein the oxygen content is 2% -16%;
(4) Adjusting the laser parameters of a printer, and carrying out surface laser printing on the printed liquid absorption core skeleton structure containing the micro-pores;
(5) Repeating the step (4) for 2-10 times, and forming an ordered micro-nano pore structure on the surface of the liquid absorption core to control the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the surface of the liquid absorption core with the composite porous structure;
in the step (4), the power of the 3D printing laser is 5-100W, the scanning speed is 5-200 mm/s, the laser pulse frequency is 10-100 kHz, and the scanning interval is 0.01-0.1 mm;
the laser power in the step (2) is 140-2000W, the scanning speed is 2000-4000 mm/s, and the thickness of the printing powder spreading layer is 0.03mm or 0.04mm.
2. A method of manufacturing a composite porous structured wick according to claim 1, characterized in that said metal powder is 10 to 80 μm.
3. A method of manufacturing a composite porous structured wick according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser sweep rotation angle in the laser sintering process is 90 °, the scanning pitch is 0.1mm to 1.2mm, the powder is laid layer by layer, and unidirectional cross-line scanning is performed.
4. A method of manufacturing a composite porous structured wick according to claim 1, characterized in that the micro-nano pore size in the composite porous structured wick is 0.5 to 200 μm and the porosity is controlled to be 5 to 90%.
5. A method of making a composite porous structured wick according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite porous structured wick has an overall thickness of from 0.1 to 6mm.
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| AU2003261497B2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2009-02-26 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Laser-produced porous surface |
| CN207300016U (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2018-05-01 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of MULTILAYER COMPOSITE liquid-sucking core flat-plate type micro heat pipe |
| GB201713360D0 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-10-04 | Rolls Royce Plc | Porous structures |
| CN109351970A (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2019-02-19 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of capillary structure 3D printing manufacturing method |
| CN110385436B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2020-11-17 | 厦门大学 | Metal liquid absorption core with multi-aperture structure characteristic and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN110542337A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-06 | 华北电力大学 | 3D printing porous capillary core ultrathin flat heat pipe and printing method |
| KR20230051506A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2023-04-18 | 뉴스케일 파워, 엘엘씨 | Heat Pipe Including Composite Wicking Structure and Related Manufacturing Method |
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