CN114887776B - Microparticle classification device and method combining air floatation and inclined plate - Google Patents
Microparticle classification device and method combining air floatation and inclined plate Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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- B03D1/24—Pneumatic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-particle classifying device and a method combining air floatation and inclined plates, which belong to the technical field of powder micro-particle classifying equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a micro-particle classification device and method combining air floatation and inclined plates, and belongs to the technical field of powder micro-particle classification equipment.
Background
The microparticles are widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, chemical industry, mineral separation, wastewater treatment, environmental protection and the like, and along with the progress and development of industry, the particle size of powder particles is required to be smaller, the distribution range is narrower, and high-quality powder particles are required to be obtained through a powder classification technology.
The air floatation classification mechanism is that the micro-particle materials are fully fixed on the bubbles by stirring and inflating, coarse particles cannot float upwards due to the fact that the volume of the coarse particles is large, and the micro-particles float upwards under the action of combining with the bubbles, so that the purpose of classifying the micro-particles is achieved. In actual air floatation production, coarse particles can be combined with more microbubbles, so that the number of the microbubbles is reduced sharply, the combination probability of fine particles and the microbubbles is reduced, and the precision and the efficiency of air floatation classification are reduced. The inclined plate sedimentation classification utilizes the shallow layer principle to carry out sedimentation classification on the microparticles on the inclined plate, so that the sedimentation area of classification equipment can be increased, and the sedimentation time of coarse particles is shortened.
Although the mineralization-floatation separation column separation device and method disclosed in the patent CN109759243B increase the turbulence intensity of ore pulp through the centrifugal force field action of a mineralization chamber, improve the collision probability of particles and bubbles, combine the bubbles with coal particles, and strengthen the collection of fine coal particles on the whole; however, the flotation column in the air flotation classification process is vertical, so that the problems of long time consumption, small sedimentation area and low probability of combining fine particles with micro bubbles of coarse coal particles exist, and the phenomenon that coarse coal particles enter a concentrate product along with fine coal particles occurs.
The flotation system for rare mineral separation disclosed in the patent CN113058751A not only breaks up bubbles generated by air flow in flotation liquid through the design of a flotation mechanism, but also makes opposite-impact contact with air flow at a discharge hole, so that the contact between the bubbles and minerals is fully increased, and further the mineral flotation efficiency is improved; however, the dispersing agent is not added into the mineral mixture in the raw material space, so that the overall dispersibility of the mixture to be floated is insufficient, and meanwhile, the combination probability of mineral particles and bubbles is reduced, and the phenomenon of low floatation precision and efficiency is caused.
The air floatation classifying equipment has the problems of long time consumption, low classifying precision, low classifying efficiency and the like in the classifying process due to the vertical placement of the classifying chamber, the non-pretreatment of the materials to be classified and the wide size distribution range of the generated microbubbles. The air floatation classification and the inclined plate sedimentation classification are effectively combined, and preliminary coarse and fine particle classification is carried out before the air floatation classification, so that the advantages of air floatation and inclined plate sedimentation classification can be fully exerted, the problem of low probability of combining micro bubbles with fine particles is effectively solved, and the purposes of high-precision and high-efficiency classification of powder can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention combines the air floatation grading technology with the inclined plate grading technology, and provides the micro-particle grading device combining the air floatation and the inclined plate, so that the grading precision and the grading efficiency are further improved. The whole classification process is carried out in a space which is obliquely placed, so that the classification time is reduced, the sedimentation area is increased, the pretreatment of the material to be classified by using the dispersing agent, the preliminary classification of the blocking column area and the design of the two-stage air uniform distributor are all improved, and the efficiency and the precision of air floatation classification are improved.
The invention aims to provide a micro-particle classifying device combining air floatation and inclined plates, which comprises a material pretreatment system, a blocking column area, an air floatation classifying system and a product collecting mechanism, wherein the material pretreatment system, the blocking column area, the air floatation classifying system and the product collecting mechanism are sequentially communicated and are in sealing connection through a bolt and nut group. The material pretreatment system, the blocking column area, the air floatation grading system and the product collecting mechanism are arranged in an integrally inclined mode.
Specifically, the material pretreatment system comprises a material dispersing tank, a feeding peristaltic pump, a material uniform distributor and a magnetic stirrer. The magnetic stirrer is used for stirring the materials to be classified in the material dispersing tank. The material dispersing tank is connected with the material uniform distributor through a conduit, the conduit is provided with a feeding peristaltic pump, and the feeding peristaltic pump is used for guiding materials in the material dispersing tank into the material uniform distributor.
Further, the material equipartition ware is the conical trapezoid shape, the little one end of material equipartition ware cross-sectional area with the pipe connection, the big one end of material equipartition ware cross-sectional area with block the regional feed inlet of post and be connected.
Further, the inner cavity of the material uniform distributor is provided with a porous uniform distribution plate and a uniform distribution plate step for installing the uniform distribution plate.
Preferably, the uniform distribution plate of the inner cavity of the material uniform distributor is in a convex curved surface shape with a round edge, and is used for stabilizing flow field distribution and facilitating classification of coarse and fine particles.
The gaps are formed in the periphery of the uniform distribution plate, the clamping grooves for accommodating the edges of the uniform distribution plate are formed in the steps of the uniform distribution plate, the positions of the steps of the uniform distribution plate and the gaps of the uniform distribution plate correspond to each other, the gaps of the uniform distribution plate are larger than the steps of the uniform distribution plate, the gaps of the uniform distribution plate are sleeved into the steps of the uniform distribution plate and then rotate for a certain angle, and the edges of the uniform distribution plate are clamped into the clamping grooves of the steps of the uniform distribution plate, so that the uniform distribution plate is fixedly installed.
Further, the barrier column region includes a plurality of connected barrier units. The cross section of the blocking piece unit is square, a plurality of blocking columns which are arranged in a staggered manner are arranged on the upper side of the inner cavity of the blocking piece unit, and the coarse particle channel is arranged on the lower side of the blocking piece unit.
Preferably, the center-to-center distance of each row of the stopper posts of the stopper unit is kept constant, and there is a certain offset of the stopper posts between each row.
Further, the blocking column region is obliquely arranged, and the upper end of the blocking column region is connected with the air floatation grading system. The lower side of the air floatation grading chamber of the air floatation grading system is communicated with the bubble generator.
Specifically, the air floatation grading system comprises an electromagnetic valve, a blower, a running water peristaltic pump, a bubble generator, a primary air distributor, a secondary air distributor and an air floatation grading chamber. The bubble generator is respectively connected with the running water peristaltic pump and the air blower, and the electromagnetic valve for controlling air flow is further arranged between the air blower and the bubble generator; one end of the bubble generator is also connected with the primary air distributor, a voltmeter is arranged on the primary air distributor, the primary air distributor is communicated with a plurality of secondary air distributors through corresponding bubble guide pipes respectively, and the secondary air distributors are communicated with the lower side space of the air floatation classification chamber through a plurality of tiny pores, and exchange materials with the air floatation classification chamber through the tiny pores.
Further, the product collecting mechanism is a Y-shaped channel. The coarse product outlet is positioned below the front end of the Y-shaped channel, and is controlled by a first ball valve.
Further, the Y-shaped channel comprises a Y-shaped upper channel and a Y-shaped lower channel, and the Y-shaped upper channel and the Y-shaped lower channel are distributed up and down at a certain angle in the vertical fluid flow direction. The Y-shaped upper channel inlet is provided with a first filtering membrane, the first filtering membrane is detachably fixed on the Y-shaped upper channel through a first clamp, the outlet of the Y-shaped upper channel is a fine product outlet, and the fine product outlet is controlled through a third ball valve.
Further, the inlet of the Y-shaped lower channel is provided with a second filtering membrane, the second filtering membrane is detachably fixed on the Y-shaped lower channel through a second clamp, the outlet of the Y-shaped lower channel is a finer product outlet, and the finer product outlet is controlled through a second ball valve.
Further, the aperture of the first filtering membrane is smaller than that of the second filtering membrane, and the first filtering membrane and the second filtering membrane can be replaced according to actual requirements.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inclination angle of the classifying device is determined according to the material to be classified, and the inclination angle can be in the range of 0-30 degrees, so as to ensure that the classified material is smoothly collected from the product collecting mechanism.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the equipartition plate material is PMMA.
In one embodiment of the invention, four uniform distribution plate steps are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the inner wall of the material uniform distributor, and the protruding distance of the uniform distribution plate steps is 2-5mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cross-sectional area of the blocking column region is slightly larger than the end of the material distributor where the cross-sectional area is larger.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the air-floatation classifying chamber is rectangular, and the side length of the cross section of the blocking column area is slightly larger than the shorter width of the cross section of the air-floatation classifying chamber, which is favorable for fixing a plurality of blocking member units in the blocking column area.
In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier units are connected through the bulges and the dents at the two ends, so that the barrier units are convenient to splice. The range of the blocking column region on the upper side of the blocking member unit may be set to 2/3 to 4/5 of the entire cross-sectional area, and the remaining region is the coarse particle passage.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the blocking column region may be determined according to the number of the blocking column units, the number of the blocking column units may be 3 to 5, and too many blocking column units may cause coarse and fine particles to be discharged from the coarse particle channel, and too few blocking column units may cause poor classification effect of coarse and fine particles.
In one embodiment of the invention, the direction of air inlet of the air blower to the bubble generator is perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid in the bubble generator, so that the fluid can cut the gas into uniform bubbles.
In one embodiment of the invention, one end of the bubble generator connected with the primary air distributor is provided with a contraction structure, and when the bubble generator fluid and the air pass through the contraction structure, the flow speed is increased, the pressure is rapidly reduced, and the air dissolved in the water can be rapidly released.
In one embodiment of the invention, the primary air distributor is a cuboid with a hollow structure, and the primary air distributor is respectively connected with the bubble generator and the bubble guide pipes through hot melt adhesive. The secondary air uniform distributor consists of a plurality of uniform distribution units, a section of wall length is shared between the uniform distribution units, each uniform distribution unit is a hollow cone, the conical top ends of the uniform distribution units are connected with the bubble guide pipe through hot melt adhesive, the conical bottom is connected with the wall surface shared by the air floatation grading chamber, a plurality of tiny pores are uniformly distributed at the conical bottom of the uniform distribution unit, and the tiny pores are communicated with the secondary air distributor and the lower side space of the air floatation grading chamber.
The working principle of the micro-particle classification device is as follows:
Firstly, performing device preparation work, developing according to structural characteristics of a material pretreatment system, a blocking column area, an air floatation grading system and a product collecting mechanism, installing a first filtering membrane and a second filtering membrane with certain specifications, sequentially inclining and connecting the four parts at a certain angle, and performing water leakage test and air leakage test. And after the device preparation process is finished, grading work is carried out.
At the beginning, the feeding peristaltic pump, the blower and the crude product outlet are firstly closed, the material to be classified and the dispersing agent are mixed in the material dispersing tank, the magnetic stirrer is used for fully stirring, and tap water is injected into the classifying device by the running water peristaltic pump.
When the classifying device is filled with water, the feeding peristaltic pump and the air blower are started, the material to be classified enters the material uniformly-distributing device under the driving of the feeding peristaltic pump, the fluid flow of the material to be classified is uniform and stable under the action of the porous uniformly-distributing plate, and the material particles are fully dispersed. The dispersed material to be classified enters a blocking column area, and coarse material particles fall into a coarse particle channel after several times of impact due to the existence of the blocking column; the fine material particles can move around the blocking column and then pass through the blocking column area to carry out primary classification of coarse and fine particles.
The air direction and the fluid direction inside the bubble generator are vertical, bubbles with uniform size are formed in the bubble generator, when the bubbles pass through the pipeline contraction structure, the flow speed is increased, the pressure at the contraction part is rapidly reduced according to the Bernoulli principle, air dissolved in water is rapidly released in the form of tiny bubbles, a large amount of tiny bubbles enter the air floatation classification chamber of the air floatation classification system under the action of the two-stage air uniform distributor, and the bubbles not only can be used for combining a fine material network of a coarse particle channel and a fine material network of the coarse particle channel for further classification, but also can be combined with the fine particles above a blocking column area, so that the fine particles of the material to be classified are always kept above the classification device, and sedimentation of the fine particles is avoided.
When the material to be classified enters the product collecting mechanism, part of coarse particles can directly enter the coarse product outlet, and under the action of the first filtering membrane and the second filtering membrane, the other part of coarse particles can not pass through the filtering membrane and settle into the coarse product outlet. After the whole classification is finished, three classified particle sizes can be obtained, coarse product outlets are used for collecting coarse particles, finer product outlets are used for collecting finer particles, and fine particles can be collected in the fine product outlets.
Further, the invention also provides a microparticle classification method based on the microparticle classification device combining air floatation and inclined plates, which comprises the following steps:
The preparation steps are as follows: the material pretreatment system, the blocking column area, the air floatation grading system and the product collecting mechanism are assembled sequentially through the bolts and the nuts, the first filtering membrane and the second filtering membrane with certain specifications are installed, and air leakage test and water leakage test are conducted.
Step one: firstly, closing the feeding peristaltic pump, the air blower and the crude product outlet, fully stirring the materials to be classified in the material dispersing tank by using the magnetic stirrer, and injecting tap water into the classification device by using the running water peristaltic pump;
Step two: starting the feeding peristaltic pump and the air blower, enabling the material to be classified to enter the material uniform distributor through the driving of the feeding peristaltic pump, enabling the dispersed material to be classified to pass through the preliminary classification of the blocking column area, and further classifying the material of the coarse particle channel by utilizing a large number of fine bubbles in the air floatation classification system;
Step three: under the action of the first filtering membrane and the second filtering membrane, large particle materials enter the coarse product outlet, small particle materials enter the Y-shaped channel through the aperture of the first filtering membrane or the aperture of the second filtering membrane, fine particles are obtained from the fine product outlet, finer particles are obtained from the finer product outlet, and coarse particles are obtained from the coarse product outlet.
According to the method, the dispersing agent is added into the material to be classified in the material dispersing tank, and the dispersing agent can be one or a combination of more of hydrophobic nano materials, polyethylene glycol and sodium polyacrylate.
According to the method provided by the invention, the electromagnetic valve corresponding to the air outlet of the blower can be opened or closed according to the indication number of the pressure gauge in the primary air uniform distributor, so that the phenomenon of overlarge pressure caused by aperture blockage is avoided.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The whole microparticle classifying device is obliquely arranged, so that the problems that the efficiency of vertical classifying equipment is low and the classified materials of horizontal classifying equipment are difficult to discharge are solved, compared with the vertical classifying equipment, the effects of shortening the settling distance of particles, shortening the settling time and greatly increasing the settling area and the treatment capacity are achieved, meanwhile, by changing the flow velocity of fluid, solid particles are easier to collide with the inner wall of an inclined channel under the action forces of self gravity, ascending fluid and the like, and further coalescence and sliding occur, and the high-precision classification of the coarse and fine particles is promoted;
2) According to the invention, the material to be classified and the dispersing agent are fully mixed by the magnetic stirrer before feeding, so that the problem of agglomeration of the material to be classified due to intermolecular acting force is solved. The close combination of the dispersing agent and the surface of the material particles to be classified increases the hydrophobic property and the aerophilic property of the material particles, improves the dispersion property of the material to be classified in a liquid medium, and can ensure that the microparticles are subjected to high-efficiency and high-precision air floatation classification;
3) According to the invention, the uniform distribution plates are arranged in the material pretreatment system, so that the problem of high flow field turbulence intensity caused by material feeding is solved, uniform and stable flow field states and uniformly dispersed material particles are formed in the grading system, and the effective grading of powder particles in a blocking column area is promoted;
4) According to the invention, the blocking column areas are arranged after the material to be classified enters the classifying device and before the material enters the air floatation classifying system, the blocking columns which are arranged in a staggered way enable coarse particles to slide down to a coarse particle channel at the lower side after being impacted for several times, fine particle materials can move around the columns, smoothly pass through the blocking column areas and enter the air floatation classifying system from the classifying upper side, and the problem of large particle size and wide particle size range in the air floatation classifying process is solved by preliminary micro particle classification, so that the effective classification of air floatation is facilitated;
5) According to the invention, the blocking column area is designed to be a spliced structure of a plurality of detachable blocking member units, and the blocking member units are periodically detached, replaced and inclined, so that the problem that the classification effect is influenced by mud dirt between the blocking columns after the classification device operates for a long time is solved, the stability of the classification effect can be ensured, the service life of the classification device is prolonged, meanwhile, the number of the blocking member units can be increased according to the classification product requirement, the length of the blocking column area is further increased, and the effective air floatation classification of microparticles is promoted;
6) According to the invention, the two-stage air uniform distributor and the contraction structure are designed in the air floatation grading system, so that the full and uniform distribution of air can be effectively controlled, a large number of tiny bubbles are generated, the problem that unstable and loose scum is formed due to the combination of coarse bubbles and solid particles in the air floatation grading process, and the solid particles are turned downwards after the bubbles are scattered is solved, and the precision and efficiency of the micro-particle air floatation grading result can be ensured;
7) According to the invention, the filtering membranes with different specifications are arranged in the Y-shaped upper and lower channels in the product collecting mechanism, so that coarse particles can be accurately blocked outside the fine product outlet, the blocked coarse particles sink into the coarse product outlet in a proper direction and are discharged and collected, and are discharged from the two Y-shaped outlets at the same time, so that two-size-fraction products are formed, and the one-time multi-size-fraction grading equipment is greatly simplified;
8) The classifying device improves the dispersibility of the microparticles through the material pretreatment system, prevents a column region from primarily classifying coarse particles, further finely classifies the fine particles in the air floatation classifying system, and obtains three particles with different particle sizes from the product collecting mechanism, thereby solving the problems of long time consumption, low classifying efficiency, unstable classifying result and the like in the existing classifying process, realizing the large processing capacity and continuity of the classifying process of the microparticles, and meeting the classifying requirements of high precision and high efficiency of powder particles.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a microparticle classification device combining air flotation and inclined plates;
FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a material distributor in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 (b) is an enlarged view of a portion of the material distributor in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic perspective view of a barrier unit in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 (b) is a schematic view of a barrier unit in a device of the present invention in semi-section;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a secondary air distributor in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the particle size distribution of the raw materials in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a microparticle fractionation device according to comparative example 2 of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, material pretreatment system, 101, material dispersion tank, 102, feeding peristaltic pump, 103, material distributor, 1031, distributor plate, 104, distributor plate step, 105, magnetic stirrer, 2, blocking column area, 201, blocking element unit, 202, coarse particle channel, 203, blocking column, 204, bolt, 205, nut, 3, air floatation classification system, 301, secondary air distributor, 302, pressure gauge, 303, primary air distributor, 304, air bubble generator, 305, running peristaltic pump, 306, solenoid valve, 307, blower, 308, bubble conduit, 309, air flotation classifying chamber, 4, product collecting mechanism, 401, first ball valve, 402, coarse product outlet, 403.Y lower channel, 404, finer product outlet, 405, second ball valve, 406, third ball valve, 407, fine product outlet, 408.Y upper channel, 409, first filter membrane, 410, second filter membrane, 411, first clamp, 412, second clamp.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment one:
the embodiment provides a micro-particle classifying device combining air floatation and inclined plates, which comprises a material pretreatment system 1, a blocking column area 2, an air floatation classifying system 3 and a product collecting mechanism 4 as shown in fig. 1. The material pretreatment system 1, the blocking column area 2, the air floatation grading system 3 and the product collection mechanism 4 are sequentially communicated and are in sealing connection through a bolt and nut group formed by bolts 204 and nuts 205.
Further, specifically, the material pretreatment system comprises a material dispersing tank 101, a feeding peristaltic pump 102, a material uniform distributor 103 and a magnetic stirrer 105. The magnetic stirrer 105 is used for stirring the material to be classified in the material dispersing tank 101. The material dispersing tank 101 is connected with the material uniform distributor 103 through a conduit, the feeding peristaltic pump 102 is arranged on the conduit, and the feeding peristaltic pump 102 is used for guiding materials in the material dispersing tank 101 into the material uniform distributor 103.
Further, the material uniform distributor 103 is in a conical trapezoid shape, one end of the material uniform distributor 103 with a small cross-sectional area is connected with the guide pipe, and one end of the material uniform distributor 103 with a large cross-sectional area is connected with the feed inlet of the blocking column region 2. The inner cavity of the material uniform distributor 103 is provided with a porous uniform distribution plate 1031 and a uniform distribution plate step 104 for installing the uniform distribution plate 1031.
Referring to fig. 2 (a) and fig. 2 (b), the distribution plate 1031 in the inner cavity of the material distributor 103 in this embodiment is a convex curved surface with a circular edge, and is used for stabilizing the flow field distribution, so as to be beneficial to classifying coarse and fine particles. The uniformly distributed plate 1031 is made of PMMA.
The notches are formed in the periphery of the uniformly distributed plate 1031, the uniformly distributed plate steps 401 are provided with clamping grooves for accommodating the edges of the uniformly distributed plate 1031, the positions of the uniformly distributed plate steps 401 and the notches of the uniformly distributed plate 1031 correspond to each other, the notches of the uniformly distributed plate 1031 are larger than the uniformly distributed plate steps 401, the notches of the uniformly distributed plate 1031 are sleeved in the uniformly distributed plate steps 401 and then rotate for a certain angle, and the edges of the uniformly distributed plate 1031 are clamped in the clamping grooves of the uniformly distributed plate steps 401, so that the fixedly mounting of the uniformly distributed plate 1031 is realized.
Further, the barrier column region 2 includes four connected barrier units 201. The cross section of the blocking member unit 201 is square, a plurality of blocking posts 203 which are arranged in a staggered manner are arranged on the upper side of the inner cavity of the blocking member unit 201, and coarse particle channels 202 are arranged on the lower side of the blocking member unit 201.
Further, the upper end of the blocking column region 2 is connected with an air floatation grading system 3, and the air floatation grading system 3 comprises an electromagnetic valve 306, a blower 307, a running water peristaltic pump 305, a bubble generator 304, a primary air distributor 303, a secondary air distributor 301 and an air floatation grading chamber 309. The bubble generator 304 is respectively connected with a running water peristaltic pump 305 and a blower 307, and a solenoid valve 306 for controlling air flow is arranged between the blower 307 and the bubble generator 304; one end of the air bubble generator 304 is further connected with the primary air distributor 303, a voltmeter 302 is arranged on the primary air distributor, one primary air distributor 303 is communicated with a plurality of secondary air distributors 301 through corresponding air bubble pipes 308 respectively, the secondary air distributors 301 are communicated with the lower side space of the air flotation classifying chamber 309 through a plurality of tiny holes, and substances are exchanged with the air flotation classifying chamber 309 through the tiny holes.
Further, the product collecting mechanism 4 is a Y-shaped channel. A coarse product outlet 402 is located below the front end of the Y-channel, the coarse product outlet 402 being controlled 401 by a first ball valve.
Further, the Y-shaped channels include a Y-shaped upper channel 408 and a Y-shaped lower channel 403, and the Y-shaped upper channel 408 and the Y-shaped lower channel 403 are distributed up and down at a certain angle in a vertical fluid flow direction. The inlet of the Y-shaped upper channel 408 is provided with a first filtering membrane 409, the first filtering membrane 409 is detachably fixed on the Y-shaped upper channel 408 through a first clamp 411, the outlet of the Y-shaped upper channel 408 is a fine product outlet 407, and the fine product outlet 407 is controlled through a third ball valve 406.
Further, a second filtering membrane 410 is arranged at the inlet of the Y-shaped lower channel 403, the second filtering membrane 410 is detachably fixed on the Y-shaped lower channel 403 through a second clamp 412, the outlet of the Y-shaped lower channel 403 is a finer product outlet 404, and the finer product outlet 404 is controlled through a second ball valve 405.
Further, four steps 104 of the uniformly distributed plates are distributed around the inner wall of the material uniformly distributed device 103, and the protruding distance of the steps 104 of the uniformly distributed plates is 2-5 mm.
Further, the cross section of the blocking column area 2 is square, and the cross section area is slightly larger than the end of the material uniform distributor 103 with a larger cross section area.
Further, the cross section of the air-float classification chamber 309 is rectangular, and the side length of the cross section of the blocking column region 2 is slightly larger than the shorter width of the cross section of the air-float classification chamber 309, which is beneficial to fixing a plurality of blocking member units 201 in the blocking column region 2.
Further, the blocking member units 201 are connected by protrusions and indentations at both ends, so that the assembly is facilitated. The area of the blocking column 203 on the upper side of the blocking member unit 201 may be set to 2/3 to 4/5 of the entire cross-sectional area, and the remaining area is the coarse particle passage 202.
Referring to fig. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the center-to-center distance of the blocking posts 203 in each row of the blocking member units 201 is kept constant, and there is a certain offset of the blocking posts 203 between each row, keeping the blocking posts 203 staggered.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the blocking column region 2 may be determined according to the number of the blocking column units 201, the number of the blocking column units 201 may be 3-5, and too many blocking column units 201 may cause coarse and fine particles to be discharged from the coarse particle channel 202, and too few blocking column units 201 may cause poor classification effect of coarse and fine particles.
The principle of operation of the blocking post region 2: when the fully dispersed material to be classified enters the blocking column region 2, as a certain offset exists in each layer of blocking columns 203 of the blocking column unit 201, coarse particles and fine particles can collide with the blocking columns 203 in the process of passing through the blocking column region 2, the coarse particles are settled after a few collisions and slide to the coarse particle channels 202, the fine particles are easy to change the moving direction after collisions, and the moving track around the columns is presented, so that the coarse particles and the fine particles are classified, the fine particles are kept above after entering the air floatation classification chamber 309, and the coarse particles enter the air floatation classification chamber 309 from the coarse particle channels 202 at the bottom, so that the air floatation classification system is further classified.
Further, the direction of the air inlet of the air blower 307 to the bubble generator 304 is perpendicular to the flowing direction of the fluid in the bubble generator 304, so that the fluid can cut the air into uniform bubbles.
Further, one end of the bubble generator 304 connected to the primary air distributor 303 is provided with a constriction structure, when the fluid and the gas pass through the constriction structure, the flow speed is increased, the pressure is rapidly reduced, and the air dissolved in the water can be rapidly released.
Referring to fig. 4, the primary air distributor 303 is a cuboid with a hollow structure, and the primary air distributor 303 is respectively connected with the bubble generator 304 and the plurality of bubble conduits 308 through hot melt adhesive. The secondary air distributor 301 is composed of a plurality of uniform distribution units, a section of wall length is shared between the uniform distribution units, each uniform distribution unit is a hollow cone, the conical top ends of the uniform distribution units are connected with the bubble guide pipes 308 through hot melt adhesives, the conical bottom parts of the uniform distribution units and the air floatation classifying chamber 309 share a wall surface, a plurality of tiny holes are uniformly distributed at the conical bottom parts of the uniform distribution units, and the tiny holes are communicated with the space at the lower side of the secondary air distributor 301 and the air floatation classifying chamber 309.
The working principle of the air floatation grading system 3 is as follows: the air direction of the blower 307 is perpendicular to the fluid direction of the running water peristaltic pump 305, air bubbles with uniform size are formed in the air bubble generator 304, when the air bubbles pass through the pipeline contraction structure, the flow speed is increased, the pressure at the contraction part is rapidly reduced according to the Bernoulli principle, air dissolved in water is rapidly released in the form of tiny air bubbles, a large amount of tiny air bubbles enter the air flotation classification chamber 309 of the air flotation classification system 3 under the action of the two-stage air uniform distributor, and the surface of the material to be classified is wrapped with a dispersing agent, so that the bubbles have two functions, namely, a network and combination of the fine materials mixed in the coarse particle channel 202 can be suspended above the air flotation classification chamber 309 for further classification; secondly, the fine particles can be combined with the fine particles coming out from the upper part of the blocking column area 2, so that the fine particles of the material to be classified are always kept above the classifying device, the sedimentation of the fine particles is avoided, and the fine classification of the micro particles by air floatation is realized.
Further, the first filtering membrane 409 and the second filtering membrane 410 may be replaced according to actual requirements.
The working principle of the microparticle classification device in this embodiment is as follows:
Firstly, performing device preparation work, developing according to the structural characteristics of a material pretreatment system 1, a blocking column area 2, an air floatation grading system 3 and a product collecting mechanism 4, installing a first filtering membrane and a second filtering membrane with certain specifications, sequentially inclining and connecting four parts at a certain angle for integration, and performing water leakage test and air leakage test. And after the device preparation process is finished, grading work is carried out.
At the beginning, the feeding peristaltic pump 102, the blower 307 and the crude product outlet 402 are closed, the material to be classified and the dispersing agent are mixed in the material dispersing tank 101, the magnetic stirrer 105 is used for fully stirring, and tap water is injected into the classifying device by the running water peristaltic pump 305.
When the grading device is filled with water, the feeding peristaltic pump 102 and the air blower 307 are started, the material to be graded enters the material uniformly-distributing device 103 under the driving of the feeding peristaltic pump 102, the fluid flow of the material to be graded is uniform and stable under the action of the porous uniformly-distributing plate 1031, and the material particles are fully dispersed. The dispersed material to be classified enters a blocking column area 2, and coarse material particles fall into a coarse particle channel 202 after being impacted for several times due to the existence of a blocking column 203; the fine material particles may move around the blocking column 203 and pass through the blocking column region 2, performing preliminary classification of coarse and fine particles.
The gas direction and the fluid direction inside the bubble generator 304 are vertical, bubbles with uniform size are formed in the bubble generator 304, when the bubbles pass through the pipeline contraction structure, the flow speed is increased, the pressure at the contraction part is rapidly reduced according to the Bernoulli principle, air dissolved in water is rapidly released in the form of tiny bubbles, a large amount of tiny bubbles enter the air floatation classification chamber 309 of the air floatation classification system 3 under the action of the two-stage air uniform distributor, and the surface of the material to be classified is wrapped with the dispersing agent, so that the bubbles not only can be used for further classifying the network and combination of the fine materials entering through the coarse particle channel 202, but also can be combined with the fine particles above the blocking column region 2, so that the fine particles of the material to be classified are always kept above the classification device, and sedimentation of the fine particles is avoided.
When the material to be classified enters the product collection mechanism 4, part of the coarse particles can directly enter the coarse product outlet 402, and under the action of the first filtering membrane 409 and the second filtering membrane 410, the other part of the coarse particles can not pass through the filtering membrane and settle into the coarse product outlet 402, and the material particles smaller than the pore size of the filtering membrane enter the Y-shaped channel for further classification. After the whole classification is finished, three classified particle sizes can be obtained, coarse product outlet 402 is used for collecting coarse particles, finer product outlet 404 is used for collecting finer particles, and fine product outlet 407 can collect fine particles.
The test was performed using the microparticle fractionation device in this example. When the median particle diameter of the raw material powder particles was 5.94. Mu.m, the particle diameter distribution was as shown in FIG. 5. The parameters selected are as follows: the pore diameter of the first filtering membrane 409 is 5 μm, the pore diameter of the second filtering membrane 410 is 8 μm, the air volume of the blower 307 is 6-30m 3/h, the flow rate of the feeding peristaltic pump 102 is 12r/min-24r/min, the measured flow rate is 34.7ml/min-69.3ml/min, the flow rate of the running peristaltic pump 305 is 10r/min-30r/min, the measured flow rate is 27.2ml/min-91.5ml/min, and the blower 307 adopts a Roots blower.
According to the invention, after one test is finished, solid particles of a product collecting system are collected, and the median particle diameters of three classified products are detected to be 1.21 mu m, 3.96 mu m and 15.62 mu m respectively, so that the multi-particle classification of powder particles by combining air floatation and inclined plates is realized, and the classification efficiency and classification precision are greatly improved.
To verify the classification efficiency and classification accuracy of the classification apparatus in this example, a comparative example test was also performed.
Comparative example 1:
When no dispersant was added to the material dispersion tank (i.e., only the material to be classified), the remaining apparatus design and classification method steps were the same as those of the examples, and the particle diameters of the classified products are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that a large number of fine particles are precipitated to the bottom of the air floatation classification chamber 309 due to insufficient dispersibility, and enter the coarse product outlet 402 along with coarse particles, resulting in a smaller median particle diameter of the powder particles in the coarse product, a large particle diameter distribution range, and poor classification effect.
Table 1 particle sizes of three classified products of comparative example 1
Comparative example 2:
When the barrier column region is free of barrier units (i.e., separate sloped channel regions), the remaining device design and classification method steps are consistent with the examples, as shown in fig. 6, with the classified product particle sizes as shown in table 2. The material to be classified is uniformly present in the air floatation classifying chamber, and under the action of fine bubbles, more coarse particles exist above the classifying chamber, so that the median particle size of the product collected by the upper and lower Y-shaped channels is very similar, and the requirement of obtaining three classified product particle sizes at one time cannot be met.
Table 2 particle sizes of three classified products of comparative example 2
Comparative example 3
When the product collecting system is not provided with a filtering membrane, the design of other devices and the steps of the classification method are consistent with the embodiment, and the higher the overlapping degree of the three collected particle size distribution ranges is, the worse the classification effect is along with the increase of the feeding flow.
Embodiment two:
the embodiment provides a microparticle classification method, which is applied to the microparticle classification device with air floatation and inclined plate combination in the embodiment one, and comprises the following steps:
the preparation steps are as follows: the material pretreatment system 1, the blocking column region 2, the air floatation grading system 3 and the product collecting mechanism 4 are assembled sequentially through the bolts 204 and the nuts 205, the first filtering membrane 409 and the second filtering membrane 410 with certain specifications are installed, and air leakage test and water leakage test are performed;
step one: when the experiment starts, the feeding peristaltic pump 102, the blower 307 and the crude product outlet 402 are firstly closed, the magnetic stirrer 105 is used for fully stirring the materials to be classified in the material dispersing tank 101, and the running water peristaltic pump 305 is used for injecting tap water into the classification device;
Step two: when the classification device is fully filled, starting the feeding peristaltic pump 102 and the blower 307, driving the material to be classified into the material uniform distributor 103 by the feeding peristaltic pump 102, primarily classifying the dispersed material to be classified through the blocking column area 2, and further classifying the material of the coarse particle channel 202 by utilizing a large number of tiny bubbles in the air floatation classification system 3;
Step three: under the action of the first filtering membrane 409 and the second filtering membrane 410, large particles enter the coarse product outlet 402, small particle materials enter the Y-shaped channel through the aperture of the first filtering membrane 409 or the aperture of the second filtering membrane 410, and fine particles are obtained from the fine product outlet 407, finer particles are obtained from the finer product outlet 404, and coarse particles are obtained from the coarse product outlet 402.
According to the method of the embodiment, a dispersing agent is added to the material to be classified in the material dispersing tank 101, and the dispersing agent may be one or more of hydrophobic nanomaterial, polyethylene glycol and sodium polyacrylate.
According to the method of the present embodiment, the electromagnetic valve 306 corresponding to the air outlet of the blower 307 may be opened or closed according to the indication of the pressure gauge 302 in the primary air distributor 303, so as to avoid the phenomenon of excessive pressure caused by aperture blockage.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The micro-particle classifying device combining air floatation and inclined plates is characterized by comprising a material pretreatment system (1), a blocking column area (2), an air floatation classifying system (3) and a product collecting mechanism (4), wherein the material pretreatment system (1), the blocking column area (2), the air floatation classifying system (3) and the product collecting mechanism (4) are sequentially communicated and connected in an upward inclined manner;
The material pretreatment system (1) comprises a material uniform distributor (103), wherein a porous uniform distribution plate (1031) is arranged in the material uniform distributor (103);
The blocking column region (2) comprises a plurality of connected blocking member units (201), a plurality of blocking columns (203) which are arranged in a staggered manner are arranged on the upper side of an inner cavity of each blocking member unit (201), and coarse particle channels (202) are arranged on the lower side of each blocking member unit (201);
The lower side of an air floatation grading chamber (309) of the air floatation grading system (3) is communicated with the air bubble generator (304);
the product collection mechanism (4) is provided with a coarse product outlet (402), a fine product outlet (407) and a finer product outlet (404), the fine product outlet (407) is located above the finer product outlet (404), the coarse product outlet (402) is located below the finer product outlet (404), and the front ends of the finer product outlet (404) and the fine product outlet (407) are respectively provided with a filtering membrane.
2. The micro-particle classification device with combination of air floatation and inclined plate according to claim 1, wherein the material pretreatment system comprises a material dispersing tank (101), a feeding peristaltic pump (102), a material uniform distributor (103) and a magnetic stirrer (105);
the material dispersing tank (101) is connected with the material uniformly-distributing device (103) through a conduit, and the feeding peristaltic pump (102) is arranged on the conduit;
The material uniformly-distributing device (103) is in a conical trapezoidal table shape, one end of the material uniformly-distributing device (103) with a small cross-sectional area is connected with the guide pipe, and one end of the material uniformly-distributing device (103) with a large cross-sectional area is connected with the feed inlet of the blocking column region (2); the inner cavity of the material uniform distributor (103) is provided with a uniform distribution plate step (104) for installing a uniform distribution plate (1031).
3. The air flotation and inclined plate combined micro-particle classification device according to claim 2, wherein the air flotation classification system (3) comprises an electromagnetic valve (306), a blower (307), a running water peristaltic pump (305), a bubble generator (304), a primary air distributor (303), a secondary air distributor (301) and an air flotation classification chamber (309);
The bubble generator (304) is respectively connected with a running water peristaltic pump (305) and a blower (307), and an electromagnetic valve (306) for controlling air flow is further arranged between the blower (307) and the bubble generator (304); one end of the bubble generator (304) is further connected with the primary air uniform distributor (303), a pressure gauge (302) is arranged on the primary air uniform distributor (303), the primary air uniform distributor (303) is communicated with the secondary air uniform distributor (301) through a bubble conduit (308), and the secondary air uniform distributor (301) is communicated with the lower side space of the air floatation grading chamber (309) through a plurality of fine micro holes.
4. A micro-particle classifying device combining air floatation and inclined plate according to claim 3, wherein the product collecting mechanism (4) is a Y-shaped channel, the coarse product outlet (402) is positioned below the front end of the Y-shaped channel, the Y-shaped channel comprises a Y-shaped upper channel (408) and a Y-shaped lower channel (403), and the Y-shaped upper channel (408) and the Y-shaped lower channel (403) are distributed up and down at a certain angle in the vertical fluid flow direction;
the inlet of the Y-shaped upper channel (408) is provided with a first filtering membrane (409), and the outlet of the Y-shaped upper channel (408) is the fine product outlet (407); the inlet of the Y-shaped lower channel (403) is provided with a second filtering membrane (410), and the outlet of the Y-shaped lower channel (403) is the finer product outlet (404);
the pore size of the first filter membrane (409) is smaller than the pore size of the second filter membrane (410).
5. The micro-particle classifying device combining air floatation and inclined plates according to claim 2, wherein the uniform distribution plate (1031) in the inner cavity of the material uniform distributor (103) is in a convex curved surface shape with a round edge, gaps are formed in the periphery of the uniform distribution plate (1031), and the uniform distribution plate steps (104) correspond to the gaps in position and size of the uniform distribution plate (1031).
6. A micro particle classifying device according to claim 3, wherein the center-to-center distance of each row of the blocking columns (203) of the blocking member unit (201) is kept constant, and the blocking columns (203) between each row are offset by a certain amount.
7. The air-floating and sloping plate combined microparticle classification device according to claim 4, characterized in that the direction of air intake of the air blower (307) to the bubble generator (304) is perpendicular to the flow direction of fluid in the bubble generator (304);
one end of the bubble generator (304) connected with the primary air uniform distributor (303) is arranged into a shrinkage structure;
one end of the primary air uniform distributor (303) is connected with the pressure gauge (302).
8. A microparticle classification method by combining air floatation and inclined plates, which is applied to the microparticle classification device according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that the method comprises:
Step one: when the experiment starts, the feeding peristaltic pump (102), the air blower (307) and the crude product outlet (402) are firstly closed, the magnetic stirrer (105) is used for fully stirring the materials to be classified in the material dispersing tank (101), and the running water peristaltic pump (305) is used for injecting the classification device into tap water;
Step two: when the classification device is fully filled, starting the feeding peristaltic pump (102) and the air blower (307), enabling the material to be classified to enter the material uniform distributor (103) through the driving of the feeding peristaltic pump (102), enabling the dispersed material to be classified to pass through the preliminary classification of the blocking column region (2), and further classifying the material of a coarse particle channel in the air floatation classification system (3) by utilizing a large number of tiny bubbles;
Step three: under the action of the first filtering membrane (409) and the second filtering membrane (410), large-particle materials enter the coarse product outlet (402), small-particle materials enter a Y-shaped channel through the aperture of the first filtering membrane (409) or the aperture of the second filtering membrane (410), and fine particles are respectively obtained from the fine product outlet (407), finer particles are obtained from the finer product outlet (404), and coarse particles are obtained from the coarse product outlet (402).
9. The microparticle fractionation method according to claim 8, wherein the material to be fractionated in the material dispersion tank (101) includes a dispersant, the dispersant being one or a combination of more of a hydrophobic nanomaterial, polyethylene glycol and sodium polyacrylate.
10. The microparticle classification method according to claim 9, wherein the solenoid valve (306) corresponding to the blower (307) is configured to be opened or closed according to the indication of the pressure gauge (302) in the primary air distributor (303).
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