CN114887776A - Air floatation and inclined plate combined micro-particle grading device and method - Google Patents
Air floatation and inclined plate combined micro-particle grading device and method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-particle grading device and method combining air floatation and an inclined plate, belonging to the technical field of powder micro-particle grading equipment, the micro-particle grading device comprises a material pretreatment system, a barrier column area, an air floatation grading system and a product collecting mechanism which are sequentially communicated and obliquely connected, the material pretreatment system comprises a material uniform distributor, the blocking column area comprises a plurality of connected blocking piece units, the upper side of the inner cavity of the blocking piece unit is provided with a plurality of blocking columns which are arranged in a staggered manner, the lower side of the blocking piece unit is provided with a coarse particle channel, the lower side of an air floatation grading chamber of the air floatation grading system is communicated with an air bubble generator, and the product collecting mechanism is used for grading and collecting particle materials, the high efficiency and multi-particle grade grading of the ultrafine powder are realized on the inclined channel, and meanwhile, the production efficiency of the ultrafine powder can be obviously improved through continuous grading operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a micro-particle grading device and method combining air floatation and an inclined plate, belonging to the technical field of powder micro-particle grading equipment.
Background
The micro-particles are widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, chemical industry, mineral separation, wastewater treatment, environmental protection and the like, and with the progress and development of industry, the powder particles are required to have smaller particle size and narrower distribution range, and high-quality powder particles are required to be obtained by a powder classification technology.
The air flotation classification mechanism is that micro-particle materials are fully fixed on bubbles through stirring and inflation, coarse particles cannot float upwards due to large volume ratio, and fine particles float upwards under the action of combination of the bubbles, so that the purpose of micro-particle classification is achieved. In actual air floatation production, coarse particles can be combined with more micro bubbles, so that the number of the micro bubbles is reduced sharply, and the combination probability of fine particles and the micro bubbles is reduced, thereby reducing the precision and the efficiency of air floatation classification. The inclined plate sedimentation classification is to perform sedimentation classification on microparticles on an inclined plate by utilizing a shallow layer principle, so that the sedimentation area of a classification device can be increased, and the sedimentation time of coarse particles can be shortened.
The patent CN109759243B discloses a column separation device and method for mineralization-flotation separation, which, though the slurry turbulence intensity is increased by the action of the centrifugal force field of the mineralization chamber, the collision probability of particles and bubbles is increased, so that the bubbles and coal particles are combined, and the collection of fine coal particles is strengthened as a whole; however, the flotation column in the air flotation classification process is in the vertical direction, and the problems of long time consumption for precipitation of coarse coal particles, small precipitation area and low probability of combination of fine particles and micro bubbles exist, so that the phenomenon that the coarse coal particles enter a concentrate product along with the fine coal particles occurs.
Although the flotation system for rare mineral separation disclosed in patent CN113058751A breaks up the bubbles generated in the flotation solution by the airflow through the design of the flotation mechanism, and simultaneously makes opposite impact contact with the airflow at the discharge port, the contact between the bubbles and the minerals is fully increased, and further the mineral flotation efficiency is improved; however, no dispersing agent is added into the mineral mixture in the raw material space, so that the overall dispersibility of the mixture to be floated is not enough, and meanwhile, the probability of combining mineral particles and air bubbles is reduced, and the flotation precision and efficiency are not high.
The air flotation classification equipment has the problems of long time consumption, low classification precision, low classification efficiency and the like in the classification process due to the vertical arrangement of the classification chamber, the non-pretreatment of the material to be classified and the wide distribution range of the generated micro bubbles. Carry out effectual combination with the swash plate subsides in grades with air supporting, and carry out preliminary coarse and fine particle before air supporting is hierarchical earlier and grade, can full play air supporting and swash plate subside hierarchical advantage, effectively solve the problem that microbubble and fine particle combination probability are low, can realize the purpose of high accuracy, efficient hierarchical powder.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention combines an air flotation classification technology with an inclined plate classification technology, provides a micro-particle classification device combining air flotation and an inclined plate, and further improves classification precision and classification efficiency. The whole classification process is carried out in the inclined space, so that the classification time is shortened, the sedimentation area is increased, the pretreatment of materials to be classified by using a dispersing agent, the primary classification of a blocking column region and the design of two-stage air uniform distributors are realized, and the efficiency and the precision of air flotation classification are improved.
The invention aims to provide a micro-particle grading device combining air floatation and an inclined plate, which comprises a material pretreatment system, a blocking column area, an air floatation grading system and a product collecting mechanism, wherein the material pretreatment system, the blocking column area, the air floatation grading system and the product collecting mechanism are sequentially communicated and are hermetically connected through a bolt and nut group. The material pretreatment system, the blocking column area, the air floatation classification system and the product collection mechanism are integrally arranged in an inclined mode.
Specifically, the material pretreatment system comprises a material dispersion tank, a feeding peristaltic pump, a material uniform distributor and a magnetic stirrer. The magnetic stirrer is used for stirring the materials to be classified in the material dispersing tank. The material dispersion tank with the material equipartition ware passes through pipe connection, set up on the pipe the feeding peristaltic pump, the feeding peristaltic pump be used for with the inside material of material dispersion tank is leading-in the material equipartition ware.
Further, the material uniform distributor is in a shape of a conical step, one end of the material uniform distributor with a small cross section area is connected with the conduit, and one end of the material uniform distributor with a large cross section area is connected with the feed inlet of the blocking column area.
Further, the inner cavity of the material uniform distributor is provided with a porous uniform distribution plate and a uniform distribution plate step used for installing the uniform distribution plate.
Preferably, the uniform distribution plate in the inner cavity of the material uniform distributor is in a convex curved surface shape with a circular edge, and is used for stabilizing the distribution of the flow field and facilitating the classification of coarse and fine particles.
The gap is opened all around of above-mentioned equipartition board, sets up the draw-in groove that holds equipartition board limit portion on the equipartition board step, equipartition board step and equipartition board the breach position corresponds, and the breach of equipartition board is greater than the equipartition board step, and the breach of equipartition board overlaps rotates certain angle behind the equipartition board step, and the draw-in groove of equipartition board step is advanced to the limit portion card of equipartition board, realizes the fixed mounting of equipartition board.
Further, the barrier column region includes a plurality of connected barrier member units. The cross section of the blocking piece unit is square, a plurality of blocking columns which are arranged in a staggered mode are arranged on the upper side of the inner cavity of the blocking piece unit, and the coarse particle channel is arranged on the lower side of the blocking piece unit.
Preferably, the center distance of the barrier posts of each row of the barrier unit is kept constant, and the barrier posts between each row have a certain offset.
Furthermore, the blocking column area is obliquely arranged, and the upper end of the blocking column area is connected with the air floatation grading system. The lower side of an air flotation grading chamber of the air flotation grading system is communicated with the bubble generator.
Specifically, the air floatation grading system comprises an electromagnetic valve, an air blower, a flowing water peristaltic pump, a bubble generator, a primary air uniform distributor, a secondary air uniform distributor and an air floatation grading chamber. The bubble generator is respectively connected with the running water peristaltic pump and the air blower, and the electromagnetic valve for controlling the air flow is arranged between the air blower and the bubble generator; bubble generator's one end is still connected one-level air uniform distributor, be provided with the voltmeter on the one-level air distributor, one-level air uniform distributor and a plurality of second grade air distributor communicates through the bubble pipe that corresponds respectively, second grade air distributor through the tiny aperture of a plurality of with the downside space intercommunication of air supporting classification room, through tiny aperture with the air supporting classification room carries out the exchange material.
Further, the product collection mechanism is a Y-shaped channel. The coarse product outlet is positioned below the front end of the Y-shaped channel and is controlled by the first ball valve.
Furthermore, the Y-shaped channel comprises a Y-shaped upper channel and a Y-shaped lower channel, and the Y-shaped upper channel and the Y-shaped lower channel are distributed up and down at a certain angle in the direction perpendicular to the flowing direction of the fluid. The inlet of the Y-shaped upper channel is provided with a first filtering membrane, the first filtering membrane is detachably fixed on the Y-shaped upper channel through a first clamp, the outlet of the Y-shaped upper channel is a fine product outlet, and the fine product outlet is controlled through a third ball valve.
Furthermore, the inlet of the Y-shaped lower channel is provided with a second filtering membrane, the second filtering membrane is detachably fixed on the Y-shaped lower channel through a second clamp, the outlet of the Y-shaped lower channel is a thinner product outlet, and the thinner product outlet is controlled through a second ball valve.
Further, the aperture of the first filtering membrane is smaller than that of the second filtering membrane, and the first filtering membrane and the second filtering membrane can be replaced according to actual requirements.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inclination angle of the grading device is determined according to the material to be graded, and the inclination angle can be in the range of 0-30 degrees, so as to ensure that the graded material is smoothly collected from the product collecting mechanism.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the material of the uniform distribution plate is PMMA.
In one embodiment of the invention, four uniform distribution plate steps are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the inner wall of the material uniform distributor, and the protruding distance of the uniform distribution plate steps is 2-5 mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cross-sectional area of the barrier column region is slightly larger than the end of the material distributor with the larger cross-sectional area.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cross section of the air floatation separation chamber is rectangular, and the side length of the cross section of the blocking column area is slightly larger than the shorter width of the cross section of the air floatation separation chamber, so that a plurality of blocking piece units can be fixed in the blocking column area.
In one embodiment of the invention, the barrier units are connected through the protrusions and the indentations at two ends, so that the splicing is convenient. The range of the barrier column region on the upper side of the barrier unit may be set to 2/3-4/5 of the entire cross-sectional area, and the remaining region is the coarse particle channel.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the length of the barrier column region may be determined according to the number of the barrier column units, the number of the barrier column units may be 3 to 5, too many barrier column units may cause coarse and fine particles to be discharged from the coarse particle channel, and too few barrier column units may cause poor coarse and fine particle classification effect.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the direction of air intake of the blower into the bubble generator is perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow within the bubble generator, facilitating the fluid to cut the gas into uniform bubbles.
In one embodiment of the invention, one end of the bubble generator, which is connected with the primary air distributor, is arranged in a contraction structure, when fluid and air of the bubble generator pass through the contraction structure, the flow rate is increased, the pressure is rapidly reduced, and air dissolved in water can be rapidly released.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the primary air distributor is a hollow cuboid, and the primary air distributor is respectively connected to the bubble generator and the plurality of bubble guide tubes through a hot melt adhesive. Second grade air uniform distributor comprises a plurality of equipartition unit, and a sharing section wall is long between the equipartition unit, and every equipartition unit is the cavity cone, the circular cone top of equipartition unit with the bubble pipe passes through the hot melt adhesive and connects, the circular cone bottom with the hierarchical room of air supporting sharing wall, the tiny aperture of the circular cone bottom evenly distributed of equipartition unit, tiny aperture intercommunication second grade air distributor with the downside space of air supporting hierarchical room.
The working principle of the microparticle grading device is as follows:
the device is prepared firstly, the device is developed according to the structural characteristics of a material pretreatment system, a blocking column region, an air flotation grading system and a product collecting mechanism, a first filtering membrane and a second filtering membrane of certain specifications are installed, the four parts are sequentially inclined at a certain angle, placed and connected integrally, and a water leakage test and an air leakage test are carried out. And after the device preparation process is finished, grading work is carried out.
At the beginning, the feeding peristaltic pump, the blower and the coarse product outlet are closed, the material to be classified and the dispersing agent are mixed in the material dispersing tank, the magnetic stirrer is used for fully stirring, and tap water is injected into the classifying device by the flowing water peristaltic pump.
When the grading device is filled with water, the feeding peristaltic pump and the air blower are started, the materials to be graded enter the material uniform distributor under the driving of the feeding peristaltic pump, the fluid flows uniformly and stably under the action of the porous uniform distribution plate, and the material particles are fully dispersed. The dispersed material to be classified enters a blocking column area, and coarse material particles slide and fall into a coarse particle channel after being impacted for several times due to the existence of the blocking column; the fine material particles can move around the barrier column and then pass through the barrier column area to carry out primary classification of coarse and fine particles.
The gas direction inside the bubble generator is vertical to the fluid direction, bubbles with uniform size are formed in the bubble generator, the flow speed is increased when passing through a pipeline contraction structure, the pressure at the contraction part is rapidly reduced according to the Bernoulli principle, the air dissolved in water is rapidly released in the form of fine bubbles, under the action of the two-stage air uniform distributor, a large number of fine bubbles enter the air flotation grading chamber of the air flotation grading system, the dispersing agent is wrapped on the surface of the material to be graded, the bubbles can not only combine and network the fine material entering from a coarse particle channel, and further grade, but also can combine with fine particles discharged above a blocking column area, so that the fine particles of the material to be graded are always kept above the grading device, and the fine particles are prevented from settling.
When the material to be classified enters the product collecting mechanism, part of coarse particles can directly enter the coarse product outlet, and under the action of the first filtering membrane and the second filtering membrane, the other part of coarse particles can not settle through the filtering membrane and enter the coarse product outlet. After the whole classification is finished, three classification particle sizes can be obtained, a coarse product outlet is used for collecting coarse particles, a fine product outlet is used for collecting fine particles, and fine particles can be collected in the fine product outlet.
Further, the invention also provides a micro-particle classification method based on the micro-particle classification device combining air floatation and an inclined plate, which comprises the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: sequentially assembling the material pretreatment system, the blocking column region, the air flotation classification system and the product collection mechanism through the bolts and the nuts, installing the first filtering membrane and the second filtering membrane with certain specifications, and performing air leakage test and water leakage test.
The method comprises the following steps: firstly, closing the feeding peristaltic pump, the blower and the coarse product outlet, fully stirring the materials to be classified in the material dispersion tank by using the magnetic stirrer, and injecting tap water into a classification device by using the running water peristaltic pump;
step two: starting the feeding peristaltic pump and the air blower, enabling the materials to be classified to enter the material uniform distributor through the driving of the feeding peristaltic pump, primarily classifying the dispersed materials to be classified in the blocking column area, and further classifying the materials in the coarse particle channel by using a large amount of fine bubbles in the air floatation classification system;
step three: under the action of the first filtering membrane and the second filtering membrane, large-particle materials enter the coarse product outlet, small-particle materials enter the Y-shaped channel through the aperture of the first filtering membrane or the second filtering membrane, and fine particles are obtained from the fine product outlet, and coarse particles are obtained from the coarse product outlet.
According to the method, a dispersing agent is added into the material to be classified in the material dispersing tank, and the dispersing agent can be one or a combination of more of hydrophobic nano materials, polyethylene glycol and sodium polyacrylate.
According to the method, the electromagnetic valve corresponding to the air outlet of the air blower can be opened or closed according to the indication number of the pressure gauge in the primary air uniform distributor, so that the phenomenon of overlarge pressure caused by pore diameter blockage is avoided.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the whole micro-particle grading device is obliquely arranged, so that the problems that the efficiency of a vertical grading device is low and the graded material of a horizontal grading device is difficult to discharge are solved, compared with the vertical grading device, the effects of shortening the settling distance of particles, shortening the settling time and greatly increasing the settling area and the treatment capacity are achieved, and meanwhile, by changing the flow velocity of fluid, under the action of self gravity, rising fluid and the like, the coarse particles are easy to collide with the inner wall of an inclined channel, so that coalescence and sliding are generated, and the high-precision grading of the coarse particles is promoted;
2) the invention fully mixes the material to be classified with the dispersant by a magnetic stirrer before feeding, thereby solving the problem that the material to be classified is agglomerated due to intermolecular force. The close combination of the dispersing agent and the surface of the material particles to be classified increases the hydrophobic property and the gas affinity property of the material particles, improves the dispersing property of the material to be classified in a liquid medium, and can ensure that the microparticles are subjected to high-efficiency and high-precision air floatation classification;
3) according to the invention, the uniform distribution plate is arranged in the material pretreatment system, so that the problem of high flow field turbulence intensity caused by material feeding is solved, a uniform and stable flow field state and uniformly dispersed material particles are formed in the grading system, and effective grading of powder particles in a barrier column region is promoted;
4) according to the invention, the blocking column regions are arranged after the materials to be classified enter the classification device and before the materials enter the air floatation classification system, the blocking columns arranged in a staggered manner enable coarse particles to slide down and sink to a coarse particle channel at the lower side after being impacted for several times, fine particle materials can move around the columns, smoothly pass through the blocking column regions and enter the air floatation classification system from the upper side of classification, and the problems of large particle size and wide particle size range in the air floatation classification process are solved through primary micro particle classification, so that the effective classification of air floatation is facilitated;
5) according to the invention, the blocking column area is designed into a splicing structure of a plurality of detachable blocking piece units, and the blocking piece units are periodically detached, replaced and inclined, so that the problem that the grading effect is influenced by mud dirt among the blocking columns after the grading device runs for a long time is solved, the stability of the grading effect can be ensured, the service life of the grading device is prolonged, and meanwhile, according to the requirement of a graded product, the length of the blocking column area can be increased by increasing the number of the blocking piece units, so that the effective air floatation grading of microparticles is promoted;
6) according to the invention, the two-stage air uniform distributor and the contraction structure are designed in the air floatation grading system, so that the full and uniform distribution of gas can be effectively controlled, a large amount of fine bubbles are generated, the problem that the solid particles are turned and sunk after bubbles are dissipated due to the fact that coarse bubbles are combined with the solid particles to form unstable and loose floating slag in the air floatation grading process is solved, and the precision and the efficiency of the micro-particle air floatation grading result can be ensured;
7) according to the invention, the filtering membranes with different specifications are arranged on the Y-shaped upper channel and the Y-shaped lower channel in the product collecting mechanism, so that coarse particles can be accurately blocked outside the fine product outlet, the blocked coarse particles sink into the coarse product outlet along the same trend and are discharged and collected, and meanwhile, the coarse particles are discharged from the two Y-shaped outlets, so that two size grades of classified products are formed, and the classification equipment capable of obtaining multiple size grades at one time is greatly simplified;
8) the grading device improves the dispersibility of microparticles through the material pretreatment system, preliminarily grades coarse particles in the blocking column region, further finely grades fine particles in the air flotation grading system, and obtains three types of particles with different particle sizes from the product collection mechanism, thereby solving the problems of long time consumption, low grading efficiency, unstable grading result and the like in the existing grading process, realizing large treatment capacity and continuity of the microparticle grading process, and meeting the grading requirements of high precision and high efficiency of powder particles.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a combined air flotation and inclined plate micro-particle classifier of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a material distributor in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a partially enlarged schematic view of a material distributor in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a perspective view of a blocking member unit in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3(b) is a schematic half-section view of a barrier unit in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a secondary air sparger in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the particle size distribution of the feedstock in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a fine particle classifying apparatus of comparative example 2 of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a material pretreatment system, 101, a material dispersion tank, 102, a feeding peristaltic pump, 103, a material distributor, 1031, a distribution plate, 104, a distribution plate step, 105, a magnetic stirrer, 2, a blocking column region, 201, a blocking member unit, 202, a coarse particle passage, 203, a blocking column, 204, a bolt, 205, a nut, 3, an air flotation grading system, 301, a secondary air distributor, 302, a pressure gauge, 303, a primary air distributor, 304, a bubble generator, 305, a flowing water peristaltic pump, 306, an electromagnetic valve, 307, a blower, 308, a bubble conduit, 309, an air flotation grading chamber, 4, a product collection mechanism, 401, a first ball valve, 402, a coarse product outlet, 403, a Y-shaped lower passage, 404, a finer product outlet, 405, a second ball valve, 406, a third ball valve, 407, a fine product outlet, 408, a Y-shaped upper passage, 409, a first filtering membrane, 410, a second filtering membrane, 411. a first clamp, 412, a second clamp.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the present embodiment provides an air flotation and inclined plate combined micro-particle classification device, as shown in fig. 1, the device comprises a material pretreatment system 1, a barrier column area 2, an air flotation classification system 3 and a product collection mechanism 4. The material pretreatment system 1, the blocking column area 2, the air flotation classification system 3 and the product collection mechanism 4 are sequentially communicated and are in sealing connection through a bolt and nut group formed by a bolt 204 and a nut 205.
Further, specifically, the material pretreatment system comprises a material dispersion tank 101, a feeding peristaltic pump 102, a material uniform distributor 103 and a magnetic stirrer 105. The magnetic stirrer 105 is used for stirring the material to be classified in the material dispersion tank 101. The material dispersing tank 101 is connected with the material distributor 103 through a conduit, the conduit is provided with the feeding peristaltic pump 102, and the feeding peristaltic pump 102 is used for guiding the materials in the material dispersing tank 101 into the material distributor 103.
Further, material equipartition ware 103 is circular cone step form, the one end that material equipartition ware 103 cross-sectional area is little with pipe connection, the one end that material equipartition ware 103 cross-sectional area is big with the feed inlet that blocks post region 2 is connected. The inner cavity of the material uniform distributor 103 is provided with a porous uniform distribution plate 1031 and a uniform distribution plate step 104 for mounting the uniform distribution plate 1031.
Referring to fig. 2(a) and 2(b), the distribution plate 1031 in the inner cavity of the material distributor 103 in this embodiment is a convex curved surface with a circular edge for stabilizing the distribution of the flow field, which is beneficial to classifying coarse and fine particles. The material of the uniform distribution plate 1031 is PMMA.
The breach is seted up all around of above-mentioned equipartition board 1031, sets up the draw-in groove that holds equipartition board 1031 limit portion on the equipartition board step 401, equipartition board step 401 and equipartition board 1031 the breach position corresponds, and the breach of equipartition board 1031 is greater than equipartition board step 401, and the breach of equipartition board 1031 overlaps into equipartition board step 401 back rotatory certain angle, and the draw-in groove of equipartition board step 401 is advanced to the limit card of equipartition board 1031, realizes the fixed mounting of equipartition board 1031.
Further, the barrier column region 2 includes four connected barrier units 201. The cross section of the blocking member unit 201 is square, a plurality of blocking columns 203 which are arranged in a staggered mode are arranged on the upper side of the inner cavity of the blocking member unit 201, and a coarse particle channel 202 is arranged on the lower side of the blocking member unit 201.
Further, the upper end of the barrier column region 2 is connected with an air flotation classification system 3, and the air flotation classification system 3 comprises an electromagnetic valve 306, an air blower 307, a flowing water peristaltic pump 305, a bubble generator 304, a primary air uniform distributor 303, a secondary air uniform distributor 301 and an air flotation classification chamber 309. The bubble generator 304 is respectively connected with a flowing water peristaltic pump 305 and a blower 307, and an electromagnetic valve 306 for controlling the air flow is arranged between the blower 307 and the bubble generator 304; the one end of bubble generator 304 is still connected the one-level air uniform distributor 303, be provided with voltmeter 302 on the one-level air distributor, one the one-level air uniform distributor 303 and a plurality of second grade air distributor 301 communicates through corresponding bubble pipe 308 respectively, second grade air distributor 301 through a plurality of tiny aperture with the downside space intercommunication of air supporting classifying chamber 309, through tiny aperture with air supporting classifying chamber 309 carries out the exchange material.
Further, the product collecting mechanism 4 is a Y-shaped channel. The raw product outlet 402 is located below the front end of the Y-channel, the raw product outlet 402 being controlled 401 by a first ball valve.
Further, the Y-shaped channel includes a Y-shaped upper channel 408 and a Y-shaped lower channel 403, and the Y-shaped upper channel 408 and the Y-shaped lower channel 403 are distributed up and down at a certain angle perpendicular to the fluid flowing direction. The inlet of the Y-shaped upper channel 408 is provided with a first filtering membrane 409, the first filtering membrane 409 is detachably fixed on the Y-shaped upper channel 408 through a first clamp 411, the outlet of the Y-shaped upper channel 408 is a fine product outlet 407, and the fine product outlet 407 is controlled through a third ball valve 406.
Further, a second filter membrane 410 is arranged at the inlet of the Y-shaped lower channel 403, the second filter membrane 410 is detachably fixed on the Y-shaped lower channel 403 through a second clamp 412, the outlet of the Y-shaped lower channel 403 is a finer product outlet 404, and the finer product outlet 404 is controlled through a second ball valve 405.
Further, four evenly distributed plate steps 104 are distributed around the inner wall of the material evenly distributor 103, and the protruding distance of the evenly distributed plate steps 104 is 2-5 mm.
Furthermore, the cross section of the barrier column region 2 is square, and the cross section area is slightly larger than one end of the material distributor 103 with the larger cross section area.
Further, the cross section of the air flotation classification chamber 309 is rectangular, and the side length of the cross section of the blocking column region 2 is slightly larger than the shorter width of the cross section of the air flotation classification chamber 309, so that a plurality of the blocking member units 201 can be fixed on the blocking column region 2.
Furthermore, the blocking member units 201 are connected through protrusions and dents at both ends, so that assembly is facilitated. The area of the barrier post 203 on the upper side of the barrier unit 201 may be set to 2/3-4/5 of the entire cross-sectional area, and the rest area is the coarse particle channel 202.
Referring to fig. 3(a) and 3(b), the center distance of the barrier pillars 203 in each row of the barrier unit 201 is kept constant, the barrier pillars 203 between each row have a certain offset, and the barrier pillars 203 are kept in a staggered arrangement.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the length of the barrier column region 2 may be determined according to the number of the barrier column units 201, the number of the barrier column units 201 may be 3-5, too many barrier column units 201 may cause coarse and fine particles to be discharged from the coarse particle channel 202, and too few barrier column units 201 may cause poor coarse and fine particle classification effect.
Working principle of the barrier column region 2: when the fully dispersed material to be classified enters the barrier column region 2, each layer of barrier column 203 of the barrier column unit 201 has a certain offset, so that when the material passes through the barrier column region 2, the coarse and fine particles can collide with the barrier column 203, the coarse particles settle after being collided several times, and slide to the coarse particle channel 202, the fine particles are easy to change the motion direction after being collided, and the motion track around the column is presented, so that the coarse and fine particles are classified, the fine particles are kept above the air floatation classification chamber 309, the coarse particles are from the bottom, the coarse particle channel 202 enters the air floatation classification chamber 309, and the air floatation classification system can be further classified conveniently.
Further, the air blower 307 feeds air to the bubble generator 304 in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid in the bubble generator 304, so that the fluid can cut the air into uniform bubbles.
Furthermore, one end of the bubble generator 304, which is connected with the primary air distributor 303, is set to be a contraction structure, when fluid and air pass through the contraction structure, the flow rate is increased, the pressure is rapidly reduced, and the air dissolved in water can be rapidly released.
Referring to fig. 4, the primary air distributor 303 is a cuboid with a hollow structure, and the primary air distributor 303 is connected with the bubble generator 304 and the plurality of bubble guide tubes 308 through hot melt adhesive. Second grade air uniform distributor 301 comprises a plurality of equipartition unit, and a sharing section wall is long between the equipartition unit, and every equipartition unit is the cavity cone, the circular cone top of equipartition unit with bubble pipe 308 passes through the hot melt adhesive and connects, the circular cone bottom with air supporting classifying chamber 309 shares the wall, the little aperture of a plurality of the circular cone bottom evenly distributed of equipartition unit, little aperture intercommunication second grade air distributor 301 with the downside space of air supporting classifying chamber 309.
The working principle of the air flotation grading system 3 is as follows: the air direction of the blower 307 is vertical to the fluid direction of the flowing water peristaltic pump 305, bubbles with uniform size are formed in the bubble generator 304, the flow velocity is increased when the bubbles pass through the contraction structure of the pipeline, the pressure at the contraction part is rapidly reduced according to the Bernoulli principle, the air dissolved in water is rapidly released in the form of fine bubbles, under the action of the two-stage air uniform distributor, a large number of fine bubbles enter the air flotation grading chamber 309 of the air flotation grading system 3, because the surface of the material to be graded is wrapped with a dispersing agent, the bubbles have two functions, firstly, the fine material mixed in the coarse particle channel 202 can be networked and combined, and is suspended above the air flotation grading chamber 309 for further grading; secondly, the fine particles can be combined with the fine particles coming out of the upper part of the blocking column area 2, so that the fine particles of the material to be classified are always kept above the classifying device, the sedimentation of the fine particles is avoided, and the fine classification of the fine particles by air floatation is realized.
Further, the first filter membrane 409 and the second filter membrane 410 can be replaced according to actual needs.
The working principle of the microparticle grading device in the embodiment is as follows:
firstly, device preparation work is carried out, the device is developed according to the structural characteristics of a material pretreatment system 1, a blocking column area 2, an air flotation grading system 3 and a product collecting mechanism 4, a first filtering membrane and a second filtering membrane with certain specifications are installed, the four parts are sequentially inclined at a certain angle, placed and connected to form an integration, and a water leakage test and an air leakage test are carried out. And after the device preparation process is finished, grading work is carried out.
At the beginning, the feed peristaltic pump 102, the blower 307 and the crude product outlet 402 are closed, the material to be classified and the dispersant are mixed in the material dispersion tank 101, the mixture is sufficiently stirred by the magnetic stirrer 105, and tap water is injected into the classification device by the running water peristaltic pump 305.
When the grading device is filled with water, the feeding peristaltic pump 102 and the blower 307 are started, the material to be graded enters the material uniform distributor 103 under the driving of the feeding peristaltic pump 102, the fluid of the material to be graded is uniform and stable under the action of the porous uniform distribution plate 1031, and the material particles are fully dispersed. The dispersed material to be classified enters a blocking column area 2, and coarse material particles slide and fall into a coarse particle channel 202 after being impacted for several times due to the existence of the blocking column 203; the fine material particles can move around the barrier pillars 203 and then pass through the barrier pillar regions 2 to perform preliminary classification of coarse and fine particles.
The gas direction in the bubble generator 304 is vertical to the fluid direction, bubbles with uniform size are formed in the bubble generator 304, when passing through the pipeline contraction structure, the flow rate is increased, the pressure at the contraction part is rapidly reduced according to the Bernoulli principle, the air dissolved in water is rapidly released in the form of fine bubbles, under the action of two-stage air uniform distributors, a large number of fine bubbles enter the air flotation grading chamber 309 of the air flotation grading system 3, and because the surface of the material to be graded is wrapped with the dispersing agent, the bubbles can not only network and combine fine particles entering from the coarse particle channel 202 for further grading, but also combine with fine particles exiting from the upper part of the blocking column area 2, so that the fine particles of the material to be graded are always kept above the grading device, and the fine particles are prevented from settling.
When the material to be classified enters the product collecting mechanism 4, part of coarse particles can directly enter the coarse product outlet 402, and under the action of the first filtering membrane 409 and the second filtering membrane 410, the other part of coarse particles can not settle through the filtering membranes and enter the coarse product outlet 402. After the whole classification is finished, three classified particle sizes can be obtained, wherein a coarse product outlet 402 is used for collecting coarse particles, a fine product outlet 404 is used for collecting fine particles, and fine particles can be collected in a fine product outlet 407.
The test was performed using the microparticle fractionation device in this example. When the median diameter of the raw material powder particles was 5.94 μm, the particle diameter distribution thereof was as shown in FIG. 5. The parameters selected are as follows: the aperture of the first filtering membrane 409 is 5 μm, the aperture of the second filtering membrane 410 is 8 μm, and the air volume of the blower 307 is 6-30m 3 The flow rate of the feeding peristaltic pump 102 is 12r/min-24r/min, the measured flow rate is 34.7ml/min-69.3ml/min, the flow rate of the running water peristaltic pump 305 is 10r/min-30r/min, the measured flow rate is 27.2ml/min-91.5ml/min, and the blower 307 adopts a roots type blower.
According to the invention, after a test is finished, the solid particles of the product collecting system are collected, and the median particle diameters of three classified products are respectively detected to be 1.21 mu m, 3.96 mu m and 15.62 mu m, so that the multi-particle-level classification of powder particles by combining air floatation and inclined plates is realized, and the classification efficiency and the classification precision are greatly improved.
To verify the classification efficiency and classification accuracy of the classification apparatus in this example, comparative example tests were also conducted.
Comparative example 1:
when no dispersant was added to the material dispersion tank (i.e., only the material to be classified), the remaining apparatus design and classification method steps were identical to those of the examples, and the particle size of the classified product is shown in table 1. It can be seen that a large amount of fine particles are agglomerated and settled to the bottom of the air flotation classification chamber 309 due to insufficient dispersibility, and enter the coarse product outlet 402 along with the coarse particles, so that the median particle size of powder particles in the coarse product becomes smaller, the particle size distribution range is large, and the classification effect becomes poor.
Table 1 particle size of three classified products of comparative example 1
Comparative example 2:
when the barrier column region is free of barrier elements (i.e., the individual inclined channel regions), the remaining apparatus design and classification method steps are consistent with the examples, as shown in fig. 6, and the classified product particle sizes are shown in table 2. It can be seen that the materials to be classified are uniformly present in the air-flotation classification chamber, and under the action of fine bubbles, more coarse particles are present above the classification chamber, so that the median particle diameters of products collected in the Y-shaped upper and lower channels are very close to each other, and the requirement of obtaining three classified product particle diameters at one time cannot be met.
Table 2 particle size of three classified products of comparative example 2
Comparative example 3
When no filter membrane is arranged in a product collecting system, the design of other devices and the steps of the grading method are consistent with those of the embodiment, and the higher the coincidence degree of the collected three particle size distribution ranges is along with the increase of the feeding flow, the poorer the grading effect is.
Example two:
the present embodiment provides a method for classifying microparticles, which is applied to the microparticle classification device combined with the air flotation and inclined plate described in the first embodiment, and the method includes:
the preparation method comprises the following steps: assembling the material pretreatment system 1, the blocking column region 2, the air flotation classification system 3 and the product collection mechanism 4 sequentially through the bolts 204 and the nuts 205, installing the first filtering membrane 409 and the second filtering membrane 410 with certain specifications, and performing a gas leakage test and a water leakage test;
the method comprises the following steps: when the experiment is started, the feeding peristaltic pump 102, the blower 307 and the crude product outlet 402 are closed, the magnetic stirrer 105 is used for fully stirring the materials to be classified in the material dispersion tank 101, and the running water peristaltic pump 305 is used for injecting tap water into the classification device;
step two: when the grading device is filled, the feeding peristaltic pump 102 and the air blower 307 are started, the material to be graded enters the material uniform distributor 103 through the driving of the feeding peristaltic pump 102, the dispersed material to be graded passes through the primary grading of the barrier column area 2, and the material in the coarse particle channel 202 is further graded by utilizing a large amount of fine air bubbles in the air flotation grading system 3;
step three: under the action of the first filter membrane 409 and the second filter membrane 410, large particles enter the coarse product outlet 402, small particle materials enter a Y-shaped channel through the aperture of the first filter membrane 409 or the second filter membrane 410, and fine particles are obtained from the fine product outlet 407, fine particles are obtained from the fine product outlet 404, and coarse particles are obtained from the coarse product outlet 402.
According to the method of the embodiment, a dispersant, which may be one or a combination of more of hydrophobic nano-materials, polyethylene glycol and sodium polyacrylate, is added to the material to be classified in the material dispersion tank 101.
According to the method of this embodiment, the electromagnetic valve 306 corresponding to the air outlet of the blower 307 can be opened or closed according to the indication of the pressure gauge 302 in the primary air distributor 303, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of excessive pressure caused by the blockage of the aperture.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The micro-particle grading device combining air flotation and inclined plates is characterized by comprising a material pretreatment system (1), a blocking column area (2), an air flotation grading system (3) and a product collecting mechanism (4), wherein the material pretreatment system (1), the blocking column area (2), the air flotation grading system (3) and the product collecting mechanism (4) are sequentially communicated and obliquely connected;
the material pretreatment system (1) comprises a material uniform distributor (103), wherein a porous uniform distribution plate (1031) is arranged in the material uniform distributor (103);
the blocking column area (2) comprises a plurality of connected blocking piece units (201), a plurality of blocking columns (203) which are arranged in a staggered mode are arranged on the upper side of the inner cavity of each blocking piece unit (201), and coarse particle channels (202) are arranged on the lower side of each blocking piece unit (201);
the lower side of an air floatation grading chamber (309) of the air floatation grading system (3) is communicated with a bubble generator (304);
the product collecting mechanism (4) is provided with a coarse product outlet (402), a fine product outlet (407) and a finer product outlet (404), the fine product outlet (407) is positioned above the finer product outlet (404), the coarse product outlet (402) is positioned below the finer product outlet (404), and the front ends of the finer product outlet (404) and the fine product outlet (407) are respectively provided with a filtering membrane.
2. The air flotation and inclined plate combined micro-particle classification device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material pretreatment system comprises a material dispersion tank (101), a feeding peristaltic pump (102), a material uniform distributor (103) and a magnetic stirrer (105);
the material dispersing tank (101) is connected with the material uniform distributor (103) through a conduit, and the conduit is provided with the feeding peristaltic pump (102);
the material uniform distributor (103) is in a shape of a conical step, one end of the material uniform distributor (103) with a small cross section area is connected with the guide pipe, and one end of the material uniform distributor (103) with a large cross section area is connected with the feed inlet of the barrier column region (2); an inner cavity of the material uniform distributor (103) is provided with a uniform distribution plate step (104) for mounting a uniform distribution plate (1031).
3. The air-flotation and inclined plate combined micro-particle classification device according to claim 2, wherein the air-flotation classification system (3) comprises an electromagnetic valve (306), a blower (307), a flowing water peristaltic pump (305), a bubble generator (304), a primary air uniform distributor (303), a secondary air uniform distributor (301) and an air-flotation classification chamber (309);
the bubble generator (304) is respectively connected with a flowing water peristaltic pump (305) and a blower (307), and an electromagnetic valve (306) for controlling the air flow is arranged between the blower (307) and the bubble generator (304); one end of the bubble generator (304) is further connected with the first-stage air distributor (303), a voltmeter (302) is arranged on the first-stage air distributor, the first-stage air distributor (303) is communicated with the second-stage air distributor (301) through a bubble guide pipe (308), and the second-stage air distributor (301) is communicated with the lower side space of the air floatation grading chamber (309) through a plurality of tiny small holes.
4. The air-flotation and inclined plate combined micro-particle classification device according to claim 3, wherein the product collection mechanism (4) is a Y-shaped channel, the coarse product outlet (402) is positioned below the front end of the Y-shaped channel, the Y-shaped channel comprises a Y-shaped upper channel (408) and a Y-shaped lower channel (403), and the Y-shaped upper channel (408) and the Y-shaped lower channel (403) are distributed up and down at a certain angle in the vertical fluid flow direction;
a first filtering membrane (409) is arranged at the inlet of the Y-shaped upper channel (408), and the outlet of the Y-shaped upper channel (408) is the fine product outlet (407); a second filtering membrane (410) is arranged at the inlet of the Y-shaped lower channel (403), and the outlet of the Y-shaped lower channel (403) is the outlet (404) of the fine product;
the pore size of the first filter membrane (409) is smaller than the pore size of the second filter membrane (410).
5. The air flotation and inclined plate combined micro-particle grading device according to claim 2, wherein the uniform distribution plate (1031) in the inner cavity of the material uniform distributor (103) is convex and has a circular curved edge, the periphery of the uniform distribution plate (1031) is provided with a gap, and the step (401) of the uniform distribution plate corresponds to the gap of the uniform distribution plate (1031) in position and size.
6. The air-floating and inclined plate combined micro-particle classifying device according to claim 3, wherein the center distance of the barrier columns (203) of each row of the barrier unit (201) is kept constant, and there is a certain offset amount of the barrier columns (203) between each row.
7. The air-bearing and inclined plate combined micro-particle classification device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the direction of air intake of the blower (307) to the bubble generator (304) is perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow in the bubble generator (304);
one end of the bubble generator (304) connected with the primary air uniform distributor (303) is set to be a contraction structure;
one end of the primary air uniform distributor (303) is connected with the pressure gauge (302).
8. A microparticle fractionation method in which an air float is combined with a slant plate, the method being applied to the microparticle fractionation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: when the experiment is started, the feeding peristaltic pump (102), the air blower (307) and the crude product outlet (402) are closed, the materials to be classified are fully stirred in the material dispersing tank (101) by using the magnetic stirrer (105), and the tap water is injected into a classifying device by using the flowing water peristaltic pump (305);
step two: when the grading device is filled, the feeding peristaltic pump (102) and the air blower (307) are started, materials to be graded enter the material uniform distributor (103) through the driving of the feeding peristaltic pump (102), the dispersed materials to be graded pass through the primary grading of the barrier column area (2), and the materials in the coarse particle channel are further graded by utilizing a large amount of fine air bubbles in the air flotation grading system (4);
step three: under the action of the first filtering membrane (409) and the second filtering membrane (410), large-particle materials enter the coarse product outlet (402), small-particle materials enter a Y-shaped channel through the aperture of the first filtering membrane (409) or the second filtering membrane (410), and fine particles are obtained from the fine product outlet (407), fine particles are obtained from the fine product outlet (404), and coarse particles are obtained from the coarse product outlet (402).
9. The microparticle fractionation method according to claim 8, wherein the material to be fractionated in the material dispersion tank (101) comprises a dispersant which is one or more of a combination of a hydrophobic nanomaterial, polyethylene glycol, and sodium polyacrylate.
10. A method for sorting micro-particles according to claim 9, wherein the solenoid valve (306) corresponding to the blower (307) is adapted to be turned on or off according to the indication of the pressure gauge (302) in the primary air distributor (303).
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