CN114884326A - 模块化多电平变换器环流二倍频四倍频分量的统一化抑制方法 - Google Patents
模块化多电平变换器环流二倍频四倍频分量的统一化抑制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了模块化多电平变换器环流二倍频四倍频分量的统一化抑制方法。本发明针对模块化多电平换流器三相环流中的二倍频负序和四倍频正序分量,经正序基频旋转坐标变换后对应为负序和正序的三倍频谐波分量,将二者统一化处理,设计一套三倍频准比例谐振控制器,实现了模块化多电平换流器环流二、四倍频分量的统一抑制。相较于传统的环流抑制方法对于二、四倍频环流分量的抑制分别设计多个不同谐振频率的准比例谐振控制器,本发明所提方法更加简便。本发明所提方法对环流的二、四倍频分量进行统一抑制,在保证抑制效果的前提下,实现了控制器数量和控制参数设计的简化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及柔性直流输电功率变换领域,具体的说是涉及一种模块化多电平变换器环流二倍频四倍频分量的统一化抑制方法。
背景技术
模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)最早由R.Marquardt教授于2001年提出,它由多个结构相同的子模块(Sub-module,SM)级联构成。子模块的结构可以分为半H桥型、全H桥型和箝位双子模块型三种。由于MMC拓扑的桥臂子模块IGBT并不需要在同一时刻一起导通,而是随着正弦波的变化依次导通以构成正弦电压波形,因此避免了多个IGBT直接串联所带来的动态均压问题。因此模块化多电平换流器成为了在第三代直流输电技术中得到推广应用。
模块化多电平换流器各桥臂由多个子模块串联组成,比如CN104901570B就公开了一种模块化多电平换流器,包括至少一个相单元,所述相单元包括第一桥臂和第二桥臂;所述第一桥臂一端为第一直流端点P,另一端用于连接交流端点;所述第二桥臂一端为第二直流端点N,另一端也用于连接交流端点;所述第一桥臂包括至少两个储能子模块和至少一个电抗器,所述储能子模块和电抗器相串联;所述第二桥臂包括至少两个储能子模块和至少一个电抗器,所述储能子模块和电抗器相串联。
现有的模块化多电平换流器,在其正常工作时,由于其子模块电容电压波动,其桥臂间产生了环流。环流叠加在上、下桥臂之间,一方面提高了功率开关器件额定电流容量,增大了系统成本;另一方面增加了损耗,影响装置使用寿命。环流中存在二、四、六次等偶次谐波,随着谐波次数的增加,谐波含量逐渐减少,环流中仅二次和四次谐波分量占据主要成分。在设计环流抑制方法时,其它更高次谐波分量占比较少,可忽略不计。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种模块化多电平变换器环流二倍频四倍频分量的统一化抑制方法,方法更加简便,亦具有良好抑制效果,对改善MMC运行与输出特性具有重要意义。
一种模块化多电平变换器环流二倍频四倍频分量的统一化抑制方法,包括以下步骤:
提取模块化多电平换流器各相桥臂环流,将其中二倍频负序和四倍频正序分量的三相环流经过正序基频旋转坐标变换后分别转化为三倍频负序和三倍频正序分量;
进一步获得高增益的三倍频谐波信号,再将获得高增益的三倍频谐波信号通过正序基频旋转坐标反变换得到两种能够同时抑制二倍频环流分量和四倍频环流分量的修正信号,并将修正信号叠加在调制波上,从而对模块化多电平换流器各相桥臂环流的二倍频负序和四倍频正序分量的有效同时抑制。
优先的是,本发明提取模块化多电平换流器各相桥臂环流,先通过低通滤波器来滤除环流中的直流分量,将环流中占据主导的二倍频负序和四倍频正序分量经过旋转坐标系的变换后分别转化为三倍频的负序和正序分量,其中旋转坐标系的变换矩阵T为:
具体变换过程为:
其中,k p 为比例系数,K r 为积分系数,w c 为截止频率,w 0 为基波角频率。
优先的是,本发明最终将获得高增益的信号,该信号中含有大量的和成分,经过旋转坐标反变换后得到迭加在模块化多电平换流器各相桥臂调制
电压上的能够同时抑制二、四倍频环流的修正信号、、;其中旋转坐标
系反变换 为:
具体反变换过程为:
传统的基于准比例谐振控制的二、四倍频环流抑制方法控制框图如图2所示,需分别针对各相环流的二倍频和四倍频分量分别设计准比例谐振控制器进行环流抑制,设计准比例谐振控制器时需考虑系统稳定性、抑制效果等因素并进行定量分析,较为繁琐。本发明根据MMC桥臂环流中占据主导成分的负序二倍频和正序四倍频分量可经过基频旋转坐标变换得到两种不同相序的三倍频分量的特性,统一通过三倍频的准比例谐振控制器进行抑制。实现了环流中二、四倍频分量的统一抑制。相较于传统的环流抑制方法对于二、四倍频环流分量的抑制需分别设计多个不同谐振频率的准比例谐振控制器,本发明所提方法更加简便,并且在保证抑制效果的前提下,实现了控制器数量和控制参数设计的简化。
附图说明
图1为本发明MMC二、四倍频环流分量的统一化抑制方法控制框图。
图2为传统基于准比例谐振控制的二、四倍频环流分量抑制方法控制框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明专利的具体实施方案做更加明确完整地描述。
运用基尔霍夫定律分析MMC各桥臂回路,可得MMC数学模型为:
其中为i相桥臂环流值,、分别为i相上、下桥臂所有子模块电压瞬时
值总和,MMC系统i相交流输出侧相电压;为MMC系统i相交流输出侧线电流;
分别为MMC各相桥臂电阻与桥臂电抗; 为直流侧母线电压, 表示x的微分形式。
从能量理论且以A相为例分析,MMC桥臂电压和电流正序分量表达式为:
式中,、分别为上、下桥臂电压的正序形式,、分别为
上、下桥臂电流的正序形式,为直流侧母线电流的正序形式 ,电压调制比的正序形式
为,电流调制比的正序形式为,表示换流器交流侧A相输出电压峰值的正序
形式,表示换流器交流侧A相输出电流峰值的正序形式,表示为电流超前电压角
度的正序形式。
A相上、下桥臂的瞬时功率为:
将A相上、下桥臂瞬时功率求和,即可得A相桥臂瞬时总功率表示为:
从MMC系统运行稳定性着手分析,其桥臂瞬时功率中的直流分量必须恒为零。A相桥臂总能量表达式为:
同理可推得各相桥臂总能量表达式为:
由以上分析可知,MMC的三相各桥臂能量波动呈现二倍频且为负序分布特性,MMC各相桥臂能量的波动将引起电容电压的波动,三相电容电压的波动分量表示为:
同理可知,当环流计算时计及四倍频分量时,即在推导桥臂能量函数时保留四阶项,亦可知环流中的四倍频分量呈现正序特性。综上以上分析可知,模块化多电平换流器在正常运行过程中,由于调制所造成的子模块电容电压一直处于波动状态,继而在各相桥臂中产生了环流。环流中存在2、4、6······等偶次谐波,随着谐波次数的增加,谐波含量逐渐减少。
在设计环流抑制方法时,环流中仅二次和四次谐波分量占据主要成分,需重点考虑,由于其它更高次谐波分量占比较少,可忽略不计。
针对以上环流特性,提出一种模块化多电平变换器环流二倍频四倍频分量的统一化抑制方法,本发明将A相环流经过低通滤波器处理,滤除环流中的直流分量,将环流中占据主导的二倍频负序和四倍频正序分量统一经过旋转坐标系的变换后分别转化为三倍频的负序和正序分量,其中旋转坐标系的变换矩阵T为:
具体变换过程为:
其中,k p 为比例系数,K r 为积分系数,w c 为谐振频率,w 0 为截止频率。
具体反变换过程为:
传统的基于准比例谐振控制的二、四倍频环流抑制方法控制框图如图2所示,需分别针对各相环流的二倍频和四倍频分量分别设计准比例谐振控制器进行环流抑制,设计准比例谐振控制器时需考虑系统稳定性、抑制效果等因素并进行定量分析,较为繁琐。本发明实现了环流中二、四倍频分量的统一抑制。相较于传统的环流抑制方法对于二、四倍频环流分量的抑制需分别设计多个不同谐振频率的准比例谐振控制器,本发明所提方法更加简便,并且在保证抑制效果的前提下,实现了控制器数量和控制参数设计简化。
Claims (5)
1.模块化多电平变换器环流二倍频四倍频分量的统一化抑制方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
提取模块化多电平换流器各相桥臂环流,将其中二倍频负序和四倍频正序分量的三相环流经过正序基频旋转坐标变换后分别转化为三倍频负序和三倍频正序分量;
进一步获得高增益的三倍频谐波信号,再将获得高增益的三倍频谐波信号通过正序基频旋转坐标反变换得到两种能够同时抑制二倍频环流分量和四倍频环流分量的修正信号,并将修正信号叠加在调制波上,从而对模块化多电平换流器各相桥臂环流的二倍频负序和四倍频正序分量的有效同时抑制。
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