CN114878094B - Multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device and detection method - Google Patents
Multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device and detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device and a detection method, wherein in the multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device, a multispectral ultraviolet excitation light source system comprises a plurality of ultraviolet light source arrays with central wavelengths, wherein the ultraviolet light source arrays are arranged at the end parts of a truncated cone-shaped light source base and emit ultraviolet light to a target area to be detected in the inspection process; the halogen lamp light source system comprises a halogen lamp arranged on a truncated cone-shaped light source base, and emits halogen lamp light with uniform light source intensity distribution in a preset wavelength range; the hyperspectral image acquisition system acquires image data with wave band intervals of a preset length in a preset acquisition wavelength range and synchronously acquires reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data; the data processing unit is connected with the hyperspectral image acquisition system to analyze the three-dimensional data of reflection spectrum-image gray scale, and performs multispectral image fusion to obtain a detection result of whether oil leakage exists.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil leakage on line, and particularly relates to a multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device and a detection method.
Background
Oil-filled devices, such as transformers, reactors, current transformers, etc., inevitably exhibit oil leakage throughout the industrial process from production to operation, increasing the risk of insulation failure and simultaneously polluting the environment.
In order to prevent the oil leakage of the apparatus, several methods of detecting the oil leakage defect have been proposed. The most commonly used method is a visual method, i.e. visual observation by staff with a lot of working experience, and the accuracy and detection efficiency of the method are completely dependent on the situation that the staff has a lot of working experience. The second common method is an oil meter reading method, namely, whether an oil leakage accident occurs is judged directly through the reading change of an oil meter, and obviously, the method is only suitable for faults with large oil leakage. The third common method is an infrared thermal imaging method, the detection object of the method is an abnormal temperature rise fault of the power equipment caused by oil leakage fault, obviously the method is also mainly suitable for faults with larger oil leakage quantity, and the trace oil leakage fault cannot be effectively detected.
The above information disclosed in the background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in the country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device and a detection method, which utilize an ultraviolet light source as a fluorescence excitation light source and combine a hyperspectral imaging technology to subdivide the spectrum capability, and overcome the fatal defect that the texture information imaging of complex power equipment is difficult in a low-light environment so as to be difficult to quickly position an oil leakage area.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme, and discloses a multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device, which comprises the following components:
a truncated cone-shaped light source base;
the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system comprises a plurality of ultraviolet light source arrays with different center wavelengths, wherein the ultraviolet light source arrays are arranged at the end part of the truncated cone-shaped light source base and emit ultraviolet light to a target area to be detected in the inspection process;
the halogen lamp light source system comprises a halogen lamp arranged on the truncated cone-shaped light source base, and emits halogen lamp light with uniform light source intensity distribution in a preset wavelength range;
a hyperspectral image acquisition system which acquires image data with a band interval of a predetermined length in a predetermined acquisition wavelength range and synchronously acquires reflection spectrum-image gray scale three-dimensional data, wherein the spectral image data with the number of imaging bands higher than 100 bands is defined as a hyperspectral image, and the spectral resolution of the hyperspectral image acquisition system is taken as the predetermined length;
the data processing unit is connected with the hyperspectral image acquisition system to analyze the reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data and perform multispectral image fusion to obtain a detection result of a target area to be detected in the inspection process, wherein the result can indicate whether the target area to be detected leaks oil or not;
The central processing unit is connected with the multispectral ultraviolet excitation light source system, the halogen lamp light source system, the hyperspectral image acquisition system and the data processing unit,
the central processing unit is used for adjusting the light source intensity of the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system according to the distance from the target area to be detected in the inspection process, and switching the light emitting wavelength after the excitation wavelength image acquisition is completed;
the central processing unit is also used for adjusting the light source intensity of the halogen lamp light source system according to the distance from the target area to be detected in the inspection process;
the central processing unit is also used for controlling the hyperspectral image acquisition system to acquire hyperspectral image data and controlling the data processing unit to further perform data analysis on the acquired hyperspectral image data.
Preferably, the truncated cone-shaped light source base is a hollow truncated cone, and the top surfaces of the multispectral ultraviolet excitation light source system, the halogen lamp light source system and the hyperspectral imaging system wide-angle lens group for collecting images of oil leakage areas and non-oil leakage areas are flush-mounted at the end part of the hollow truncated cone.
Preferably, the central wavelengths of the ultraviolet light source arrays are 255nm, 265nm, 315nm and 365nm respectively, the ultraviolet light source arrays are connected with the central processing unit and the central processing unit controls the luminous wavelength and the luminous intensity, the ultraviolet light source arrays take the wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system as the center, the ultraviolet light sources with different wavelengths are distributed at circular intervals and uniformly distributed at the end part of the truncated cone-shaped light source base, and the luminous intensities of the ultraviolet light sources are consistent and the luminous areas are overlapped.
Preferably, the halogen lamp light source system is centrally and symmetrically distributed on the truncated cone-shaped light source base and is positioned between the wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system and the multispectral ultraviolet excitation light source system, and the preset wavelength range of the halogen lamp light source is 400nm-900nm.
Preferably, the predetermined collection wavelength range of the hyperspectral image collection system is 400nm-900nm, and the spectral resolution is 3nm.
Preferably, the multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device further comprises,
the data storage unit is connected with the data processing unit to store the detection result of the target area to be detected in the inspection process;
the display unit is connected with the data processing unit to visually display the detection result of the target area to be detected in the inspection process;
the central processing unit is connected with the data storage unit and the display unit.
Preferably, the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system and the halogen lamp light source system are both connected with a power management module for power supply and energy consumption control, and the power management module is connected with the central processing unit.
Preferably, the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system and the halogen lamp light source system uniformly emit in a point light source mode, and reach a target area to be detected in the inspection process in a parallel light mode, and the target area to be detected in the inspection process reaches the wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system after being reflected.
Preferably, the detection result of the target area to be detected in the inspection process comprises a multispectral ultraviolet excitation reflectance value.
In addition, the invention also discloses a detection method of the multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device, which comprises the following steps,
step S1, starting a 255nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source and adjusting the luminous intensity according to the distance from a multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device to a target area to be detected in the inspection process; starting a halogen lamp light source and adjusting the luminous intensity according to the distance from the multi-spectrum excitation oil mark imaging device to a target area to be detected in the inspection process;
further, hyperspectral images of the target area to be detected in the inspection process are obtained;
then, a standard white board hyperspectral image is obtained, a hyperspectral image when a lens cover is closed is obtained, and reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data when a 255nm ultraviolet light source is obtained through normalization processing;
step S2, ultraviolet excitation light with 255nm wave band and halogen lamp light reach a target area to be detected in the inspection process in a parallel light mode, after the target area to be detected in the inspection process is reflected, a photoelectric response intensity curve DN is formed on each pixel point (x, y) of a photoelectric converter of a hyperspectral imaging system through a wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system 255nm (x, y, lambda), wherein (x, y) is the pixel point coordinates of the photoelectric converter and corresponds to the spatial positions in the hyperspectral image one by one, and lambda represents the wavelength dimension of the photoelectric response intensity curve of the hyperspectral image acquisition system;
step S3: photoelectric response intensity DN of hyperspectral image acquisition system when standard white board is respectively acquired as target area to be detected in inspection process 255nmwhite (x, y, lambda) intensity DN of photoelectric response of hyperspectral image capturing system when lens cover of hyperspectral image capturing system is closed 255nmblack (x, y, lambda) and for DN at all coordinate points respectively 255nmwhite (x, y, λ) and DN 255nmblack (x, y, λ) averaged to obtain:
step S4: forming a photoelectric response intensity curve DN on each pixel point (x, y) 255nm (x, y, lambda) is normalized and converted into reflectivity value I 255nm (x,y,λ)，
Step S5: for any coordinate (x i ,y i ) Is subjected to decentralization processing, and a covariance matrix, a characteristic value a and a characteristic value vector thereof are calculated
Selecting the maximum characteristic value a max Corresponding eigenvalue vector +.>
As reflectivity coefficient under different wave bands, realizing W wave band data fusion and dimension reduction, and calculatingObtaining data fusion and reduced-dimension reflectivity value I of all coordinate points (x, y) in the measurement space coordinate range 255nm (x,y)；
Step S6: turning off a 255nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, turning on a 265nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, turning on a halogen lamp light source, obtaining a hyperspectral image of a target area to be detected in the inspection process, then obtaining a hyperspectral image of a standard whiteboard, obtaining a hyperspectral image when a lens cover is turned off, obtaining reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data when the 265nm ultraviolet light source is obtained through normalization processing, executing S2-S5, and obtaining data fusion and dimensionality reduction back reflection value I of all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate range 265nm (x,y)；
Step S7: turning off a 265nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, turning on the 315nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source and adjusting the luminous intensity according to the distance from the multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device to the target area to be detected in the inspection process; the halogen lamp light source is kept in an on state, and hyperspectral images of a target area to be detected in the inspection process are obtained;
further acquiring a standard whiteboard hyperspectral image, acquiring a hyperspectral image when a lens cover is closed, obtaining reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data when a 315nm ultraviolet light source is obtained through normalization processing, and executing steps S2-S5 to obtain data fusion and dimensionality reduction back reflectivity value I of all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate range 315nm (x,y)；
Step S8: closing a 315nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, opening the 365nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, adjusting the luminous intensity according to the distance from a multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device to a target area to be detected in the inspection process, keeping the halogen lamp light source in an open state, acquiring hyperspectral images of the target area to be detected in the inspection process, then acquiring hyperspectral images of a standard whiteboard, acquiring hyperspectral images when a lens cover is closed, obtaining reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data when the 365nm ultraviolet light source through normalization processing, performing steps S2-S5, and obtaining data fusion and dimension reduction back reflectance value I of all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate range 365nm (x,y)；
Step S9: obtaining data fusion and a dimension-reduced reflectance value under 4 ultraviolet excitation light sources after the steps S1-S8:
I(x,y)＝[I 255nm (x,y) I 265nm (x,y) I 315nm (x,y) I 365nm (x,y)]，
for any coordinate (x i ,y i ) I (x) i ,y i ) Performing decentralization treatment:
wherein m is the wavelength sequence number of the ultraviolet excitation light source, and m=1, 2,3 and 4;
calculation I m (x i ,y i ) Covariance matrix of (2)
And its eigenvalue b and eigenvalue vector
Selecting the maximum characteristic value b max Corresponding eigenvalue vector +.>
As reflectance value coefficients in different wavebands, the reflectance values in the multispectral band are obtained:
step S10: when I (x) i ,y i ) When the value is 1 or more, the coordinate (x i ,y i ) The fluorescence effect occurs, and the pixel is marked as an oil leakage pixel point, when I (x i ,y i ) When the value is less than 1, the coordinate (x i ,y i ) Marking the pixel as an oil-free pixel without fluorescence effect; traversing and calculating multi-spectral reflectance values I (x, y) = { I (x) of all coordinate points (x, y) in range of target area to be detected in inspection process 1 ,y 1 ),I(x 2 ,y 2 ),...,I(x i ,y i ) Then can realize the imageAnd judging the pixel-level oil leakage area, and further marking the judging result of the coordinate points (x, y) on an image under any wave band in the reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data, so that the pixel-level oil mark imaging can be realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the ultraviolet light source is used as a fluorescence excitation light source and is combined with the hyperspectral imaging technology to subdivide the spectrum capability, so that the fatal defects that the traditional fluorescence oil leakage detection is easily interfered by an ambient light source, an unknown oil sample is difficult to accurately acquire images of corresponding fluorescence wave bands, and the texture information of complex power equipment is difficult to image under a weak light environment, so that an oil leakage area is difficult to quickly locate are overcome, the visual reconstruction of the texture information of the power equipment and the oil leakage area is realized by combining the feature extraction and the image fusion method, the quick location of the trace oil leakage area of the oil filling equipment is convenient for electric power operation and maintenance personnel to quickly master, and an operation and maintenance strategy is accurately formulated.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It is evident that the figures described below are only some embodiments of the invention, from which other figures can be obtained without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-band excitation oil mark imaging apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a truncated cone-shaped light source base structure of a multi-spectrum excitation oil trace imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 3 is a wide-angle lens group of a hyperspectral imaging system, 4 is a multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system, and 5 is a halogen light source system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a multi-band ultraviolet excitation light source system and a halogen lamp light source system of a multi-band excitation oil mark imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein A1, A2, A3 are ultraviolet light sources with a central wavelength of 255nm, B1, B2, B3 are ultraviolet light sources with a central wavelength of 265nm, C1, C2, C3 are ultraviolet light sources with a central wavelength of 315nm, D1, D2, D3 are ultraviolet light sources with a central wavelength of 365nm, and L1, L2, L3 are halogen lamp light sources;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mounting manner of a truncated cone-shaped light source base, a multi-spectral ultraviolet excitation light source system, a halogen light source system and a hyperspectral image acquisition system of a multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 1 is the hyperspectral image acquisition system, 2 is the truncated cone-shaped light source base, 3 is a wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system, 4 is the multi-spectral ultraviolet excitation light source system, and 5 is the halogen light source system;
FIG. 5 is a step of image data acquisition of a multi-band excitation oil mark imaging device according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the reflectivity I of the oil region in a multi-band excitation oil mark imaging method according to one embodiment of the invention oil (lambda) and non-oil region reflectivity value I non (lambda) calculation;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing data fusion and post-dimensionality reduction reflectance values for all coordinate points (x, y) in a measured spatial coordinate range calculated in a multi-spectral range excitation oil trace imaging method according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of calculated multi-band ultraviolet excitation reflectance values for all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate range in a multi-band excitation oil trace imaging method according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 (a) to 9 (d) are results of oil leakage detection of plant-type and mineral-type transformers on different power equipment surfaces by a multi-spectral range excitation oil mark imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 (a) shows the detection result of the surface of a metal tank of a transformer on plant transformer oil; FIG. 9 (b) shows the detection result of the surface of the silicone rubber umbrella skirt of the composite insulator on the mineral transformer oil; FIG. 9 (c) shows the detection result of the surface of the porcelain umbrella skirt of the post insulator on mineral transformer oil; FIG. 9 (d) shows the detection result of the umbrella skirt surface of the epoxy resin sleeve of the transformer on mineral transformer oil;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a hyperspectral imaging system of a multispectral excitation oil trace imaging apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional data cube schematic of a multi-spectral range excitation oil mark imaging method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an in-situ layout and optical path of a multi-band excitation oil mark imaging method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of the intensity of the photoelectric response of a standard white image and a standard black image of a multi-spectral range excitation oil mark imaging method according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a method for normalizing calculation of a reflection spectrum curve of a multi-band excitation oil mark imaging method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 14. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
It should be noted that certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. Those of skill in the art will understand that a person may refer to the same component by different names. The description and claims do not identify differences in terms of components, but rather differences in terms of the functionality of the components. As used throughout the specification and claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description hereinafter sets forth a preferred embodiment for practicing the invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as the description proceeds with reference to the general principles of the description. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, reference will now be made to the drawings, by way of example, and specific examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
For better understanding, as shown in fig. 1 to 9 (d), the multi-band excitation oil mark imaging apparatus includes a truncated cone-shaped light source base 10;
the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system 1 comprises a plurality of ultraviolet light source arrays with different center wavelengths, wherein the ultraviolet light source arrays are arranged at the end part of the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10 and emit ultraviolet light to a target area to be detected in the inspection process; it should be noted that, if there is an oil leakage area, the present invention actually uses the fluorescence characteristic generated by exciting the oil leakage area by ultraviolet light;
A halogen lamp light source system 2 including a halogen lamp provided on the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10, which emits halogen lamp light having uniform light source intensity distribution in a predetermined wavelength range;
a hyperspectral image acquisition system 3 which acquires image data with a predetermined wavelength range and a predetermined wavelength interval and synchronously acquires reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data;
the data processing unit 4 is connected with the hyperspectral image acquisition system 3 to analyze the reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data and perform multispectral image fusion to obtain an oil leakage area detection result;
the central processing unit 7 is connected with the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system 1, the halogen lamp light source system 2, the hyperspectral image acquisition system 3 and the data processing unit 4, and the central processing unit 7 adjusts the light emitting wavelength and the light source intensity of the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system 1 and the light source intensity of the halogen lamp light source system 2 and controls the hyperspectral image acquisition system 3 and the data processing unit 4.
In the preferred embodiment of the multi-spectrum excitation oil mark imaging device, the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10 is a hollow truncated cone, and the top surfaces of the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system 1, the halogen light source system 2 and the hyperspectral imaging system wide-angle lens group 9 for collecting images of oil leakage areas and non-oil leakage areas are flush mounted at the end of the hollow truncated cone.
In the preferred embodiment of the multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device, the central wavelengths of the ultraviolet light source arrays are 255nm, 265nm, 315nm and 365nm respectively, the ultraviolet light source arrays are connected with the central processing unit 7 and are controlled by the central processing unit 7 to emit light with the wavelength and the light source intensity, the ultraviolet light source arrays take the wide-angle lens group 9 of the hyperspectral imaging system as the center, the ultraviolet light sources with different wavelengths are distributed at circular intervals and uniformly distributed at the end part of the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10, and the light source intensities of the ultraviolet light sources are consistent and the light emitting areas are coincident.
In the preferred embodiment of the multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device, the halogen lamp light source system 2 is centrally and symmetrically distributed on the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10 and is located between the wide-angle lens group 9 of the hyperspectral imaging system and the multispectral ultraviolet excitation light source system 1, and the predetermined wavelength range of the halogen lamp light source is 400nm-900nm.
In a preferred embodiment of the multi-band excitation oil mark imaging device, the predetermined acquisition wavelength range is 400nm-900nm, and the spectral resolution is 3nm. It is understood that specific parameters are examples herein. Typically, the hyperspectral image capturing system is a spectral image capturing system having a wavelength in the range of 400-1000 or 2500nm and a spectral resolution of 5nm or less. In principle, the predetermined collection wavelength range is to cover the aforementioned predetermined wavelength range, for example, the halogen lamp is 400-900nm, and the hyperspectral collection is 300-1000nm, etc.
In a preferred embodiment of the multi-band excitation oil mark imaging device, the multi-band excitation oil mark imaging device further comprises,
a data storage unit 5 connected to the data processing unit 4 to store the oil leakage area detection result,
a display unit 6 connected to the data processing unit 4 to visually display the oil leakage area detection result,
the central processing unit 7 connects the data storage unit 5 and the display unit 6.
In the preferred embodiment of the multi-spectrum excitation oil mark imaging device, the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system 1 and the halogen lamp light source system 2 are both connected with a power management module 8 for power supply and energy consumption control, and the power management module 8 is connected with the central processing unit 7.
In the preferred embodiment of the multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device, the multispectral ultraviolet excitation light source system 1 and the halogen lamp light source system 2 are uniformly emitted in a point light source mode, reach a detection area in a parallel light mode, and reach the wide-angle lens group 9 of the hyperspectral imaging system after being reflected in a non-oil leakage area.
In a preferred embodiment of the multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device, the oil region detection result includes a multi-spectral excitation reflectance value.
In one embodiment, a multi-band excitation oil mark imaging apparatus includes,
a truncated cone-shaped light source base 10,
a hyperspectral imaging system wide-angle lens group 9 which is arranged on the top surface of the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10 to collect image signals of oil leakage areas and non-oil leakage areas,
a multi-band ultraviolet excitation light source system 1 comprising a plurality of ultraviolet light source arrays of different center wavelengths, and: the central wavelengths of the ultraviolet light source arrays are 255nm, 265nm, 315nm and 365nm respectively, the ultraviolet light source arrays are connected with the central processing unit 7, the central processing unit 7 controls the luminous wavelength and the luminous intensity, the ultraviolet light source arrays take the wide-angle lens group 9 of the hyperspectral imaging system as the center, the ultraviolet light sources with different wavelengths are distributed at circular intervals and uniformly distributed at the end part of the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10, and the luminous intensities of the ultraviolet light sources are consistent and the luminous areas are coincident;
a halogen lamp light source system 2 composed of halogen lamp light having a uniform light source intensity distribution in a wavelength range of 400nm to 900nm, the halogen lamp light source system 2 being connected to a central processing unit 7 and the light source intensity being controlled by the central processing unit 7, wherein the halogen lamp light source system 2 is configured to: providing a light source for imaging surface texture information of the power equipment under indoor or dim light conditions, and being capable of being closed under outdoor conditions;
The hyperspectral image acquisition system 3 is controlled by the central processing unit 7 to acquire data, wherein the hyperspectral image acquisition system 3 is used for: collecting data images with the band interval of 3nm in the wavelength range of 400 nm-900 nm, and synchronously obtaining reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data;
a data processing unit 4 connected to the central processing unit 7, wherein the data processing unit 4 is configured to: analyzing the reflection spectrum-image gray three-dimensional data, and carrying out multi-spectrum image fusion;
a data storage unit 5 connected to the data processing unit 4, wherein the data storage unit 5 is configured to: storing and analyzing the detection result of the oil leakage area;
a display unit 6 connected to the data processing unit 4, wherein the display unit 6 is configured to: visually displaying the detection result of the oil leakage area;
and a central processing unit 7 connected to the other units, wherein the central processing unit 7 is configured to: realizing data acquisition, data analysis, task allocation and manual interaction;
and a power management module 8 connected to the other units, wherein the power management module 8 is configured to: and each unit is powered and energy consumption controlled.
In the multi-spectrum excitation oil mark imaging device, the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10 is a hollow truncated cone.
In the preferred embodiment of the multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device, the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10 is provided with mounting holes for mounting the wide-angle lens group 9 of the hyperspectral imaging system and the multi-spectral ultraviolet excitation light source system 1, and the top surfaces of the wide-angle lens group 9 of the hyperspectral imaging system, the multi-spectral ultraviolet excitation light source system 1 and the halogen lamplight source system 2 are flush. The multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system 1 comprises 4 groups of 12 ultraviolet light sources with different central wavelengths, namely ultraviolet light sources A-1, A-2 and A-3 with the central wavelengths of 255nm, ultraviolet light sources B-1, B-2 and B-3 with the central wavelengths of 265nm, ultraviolet light sources C-1, C-2 and C-3 with the central wavelengths of 315nm, and ultraviolet light sources D-1, D-2 and D-3 with the central wavelengths of 365nm, wherein the 12 ultraviolet light sources are distributed at circular intervals and uniformly distributed at the end part of the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10, namely, the distribution sequence is A-1, B-1, C-1, D-1, A-2, B-2, C-2, D-2, A-3, B-3, C-3 and D-3 in sequence, and meanwhile, the light source intensities at the central wavelengths of the light sources are consistent, and the radiation fields are mutually coincident.
In the preferred embodiment of the multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device, the halogen lamp light source system 2 includes 3 halogen lamp light sources L-1, L-2, L-3 with the same light source intensity and the wavelength range of 400nm-900nm, wherein the 3 halogen lamp light sources are axisymmetrically distributed on the truncated cone-shaped light source base 10 and are located between the wide-angle lens group 9 of the hyperspectral imaging system and the multi-spectral ultraviolet excitation light source system 1.
In the preferred embodiment of the multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device, the hyperspectral image acquisition system 3 can acquire data images with the band interval of 3nm in the wavelength range of 400 nm-900 nm, and synchronously obtain reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data.
The multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device further comprises a data processing unit 4 for analyzing the reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data and performing multi-spectral image fusion, a data storage unit 5 for storing and analyzing the detection result of the oil leakage area, a display unit 6 for visually displaying the detection result of the oil leakage area, a central processing unit 7 for realizing data acquisition, data analysis, task distribution and manual interaction, and a power management module 8 for controlling power supply and energy consumption of each unit.
The detection method of the multi-spectrum excitation oil mark imaging device comprises the following steps,
step S1, turning on a 255nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, turning on a halogen lamp light source, acquiring a hyperspectral image of a target area to be detected in the inspection process (see S2 for a detailed process), then acquiring a hyperspectral image of a standard white board (see S3 for a detailed process), acquiring a hyperspectral image when a lens cover is closed (see S3 for a detailed process), and obtaining 255nm excitation reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data through normalization processing (see S3 for a detailed process);
The hyperspectral imager we choose to use is a push-broom hyperspectral imaging system, as shown in fig. 10, which collects a slit image (i.e. a spatial dimension, x) in each imaging period, then disperses the light into spectral information (λ) by a dispersive element, and detects it on a photodetector array. The position of the entrance slit is controlled by a stepper motor and scanned along another spatial dimension (y) to obtain a three-dimensional spatial spectrum cube (x, y, λ). The spectrum range of the hyperspectral imager is 400-900nm and total 176 wave bands, the pixels of the photoelectric detector are 1936 multiplied by 1456, namely x is [1,1936], and y is [1,1456].
The hyperspectral data structure is a three-dimensional data cube, namely, the hyperspectral data structure comprises plane space position information (x, y) and spectrum information (lambda), so that 176 images are acquired simultaneously, and a spectrum curve of each pixel position (x, y) is contained, as shown in fig. 11.
Step S2, ultraviolet excitation light with 255nm wave band and halogen lamp light reach the detection area in a parallel light mode, after the target area to be detected in the inspection process is reflected, as shown in figure 12,
forming a photoelectric response intensity curve DN on each pixel point (x, y) of a photoelectric converter of a hyperspectral imaging system through a wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system 255nm (x, y, λ), which illustratively takes the form of the following table:
wherein (x, y) is the pixel point coordinates of the photoelectric converter and corresponds to the spatial positions in the hyperspectral image one by one, and lambda represents the wavelength of light;
step S3: respectively collecting standard whiteboard photoelectric response intensity DN 255nmwhite (x, y, lambda) and closing the intensity DN of the electro-optical response under the lens cover of a hyperspectral image acquisition system 255nmblack (x, y, lambda) and for DN at all coordinate points respectively 255nmwhite (x, y, λ) and DN 255nmblack (x, y, λ) averaged to obtain:
and
wherein,,
characterizing the response values of the photodetectors at each wavelength under total reflection>
The dark count result under the effect of thermal noise or the like of the photodetector is shown as shown in fig. 13.
Step S4: normalizing the intensity curve DN (x, y, lambda) of photoelectric response formed on each pixel point (x, y) to convert into reflectivity value I 255nm (x,y,λ)，
Exemplary, I 255nm (x, y, λ) is in the form of the following table:
after normalization treatment, I 255nm (x, y, lambda) are all converted into reflection spectrum curves with physical significance, and the fluorescence effect exists in the oil region due to oil leakage to show different characteristics from the base material, so that the identification of the oil region and the non-oil region can be realized through the difference shown by the reflection spectrum curves.
As shown in fig. 14, it can be seen that the reflectance, i.e., fluorescence, decreases with increasing wavelength at the time of oil leakage, and the fluorescence reflectance of the oil stain is higher in the partial band than in the non-oil region, and the reflectance spectrum of hydrocarbons is mainly due to electron transitions in the wavelength range where near infrared is visible, and on the other hand, the shape of the fluorescence reflectance curve is mainly determined by the base material due to the thinner thickness of the oil stain.
Step S5: for any coordinate (x i ,y i ) Is subjected to decentralization processing, and a covariance matrix, a characteristic value a and a characteristic value vector thereof are calculated
Selecting the maximum characteristic value a max Corresponding eigenvalue vector +.>
As reflectivity coefficient under different wave bands, realizing W wave band data fusion and dimension reduction, and calculating to obtain data fusion and dimension reduction post-reflectivity I of all coordinate points (x, y) in the measurement space coordinate range 255nm (x,y)；
Since the fluorescence effect of the oil leakage area shows different characteristics from those of the base material, the reflectance spectrum curves of the oil area and the non-oil area show different characteristics, and after data fusion and dimension reduction, the reflectance value of the oil leakage area is obviously higher than that of the non-oil area, so that oil mark imaging is realized, and as shown in fig. 7, the reflectance value before data fusion of all coordinate points (x, y) in the measurement space coordinate range and the reflectance value after fusion and dimension reduction are shown.
Step S6: turning off a 255nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, turning on a 265nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, keeping the halogen lamp light source in an on state, acquiring hyperspectral images of a target area to be detected in the inspection process (see S2 in the detailed process), then acquiring hyperspectral images of a standard whiteboard (see S3 in the detailed process), acquiring hyperspectral images when a lens cover is turned off (the acquisition result of S11 can be directly applied), obtaining 265nm excitation reflection spectrum-image gray three-dimensional data (see S3 in the detailed process) through normalization processing, executing S2-S5, and obtaining data fusion and dimensionality reduction back reflection values I of all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate range 265nm (x,y)；
Step S7: turning off 265nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, turning on 315nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, keeping halogen lamp light source in on state, and obtaining inspection processThe method comprises the steps of (1) obtaining hyperspectral images of a target area to be detected (see S2 for a detailed process), then obtaining hyperspectral images of a standard whiteboard (see S3 for a detailed process), obtaining hyperspectral images when a lens cover is closed (the acquisition result of S11 can be directly applied), obtaining 315nm excitation reflection spectrum-image gray three-dimensional data (see S3 for a detailed process), performing S2-S5 to obtain data fusion and dimensionality reduction back reflection value I of all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate range 315nm (x,y)；
Step S8: closing a 315nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, opening a 365nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, keeping the halogen lamp light source in an on state, acquiring a hyperspectral image of a target area to be detected in a patrol process (see S2 in a detailed process), then acquiring a hyperspectral image of a standard whiteboard (see S3 in a detailed process), acquiring a hyperspectral image when a lens cover is closed (the acquisition result of S11 can be directly applied), obtaining 365nm excitation reflection spectrum-image gray three-dimensional data (see S3 in a detailed process) through normalization processing, executing S2-S5, and obtaining data fusion and a dimensionality reduction back reflection value I of all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate range 365nm (x,y)；
Step S9: obtaining data fusion and a dimension-reduced reflectance value under 4 ultraviolet excitation light sources after the steps S1-S8:
I(x,y)＝[I 255nm (x,y) I 265nm (x,y) I 315nm (x,y) I 365nm (x,y)]，
for any coordinate (x i ,y i ) I (x) i ,y i ) Performing decentralization treatment:
wherein m is the wavelength sequence number of the ultraviolet excitation light source, and m=1, 2,3 and 4;
calculation I m (x i ,y i ) Covariance matrix of (2)
And its eigenvalue b and eigenvalue vector +.>
Selecting the maximum characteristic value b max Corresponding eigenvalue vector +.>
As reflectance value coefficients in different wavebands, the reflectance values in the multispectral band are obtained:
step S10: when I (x) i ,y i ) When the value is 1 or more, the coordinate (x i ,y i ) The fluorescence effect occurs, and the pixel is marked as an oil leakage pixel point, when I (x i ,y i ) If the value is smaller than 1, the coordinates (xi, yi) are considered to have no fluorescence effect, and the coordinates are marked as non-oil-leaked pixel points; traversing and calculating multi-spectral reflectance values I (x, y) = { I (x) of all coordinate points (x, y) in range of target area to be detected in inspection process 1 ,y 1 ),I(x 2 ,y 2 ),...,I(x i ,y i ) And the judgment of the pixel-level oil leakage area can be realized, and the judgment result of the coordinate points (x, y) is further marked on the image under any wave band in the reflection spectrum-image gray three-dimensional data, so that the imaging of the pixel-level oil mark can be realized.
On-site application verification
1. Oil leakage measurement on the surface of a metal box body of a vegetable oil transformer: with the device and the method of the invention, the actual plant test transformer is tested, and fig. 9 (a) is a detection result, and the result shows that the test result of the device and the method of the invention is accurate and effective;
2. measuring the leakage of mineral transformer oil on the surface of a silicone rubber material: by using the device and the method, the silicon rubber material is tested after being leaked by mineral transformer oil, and the test result is shown in the figure 9 (b) and is accurate and effective;
3. mineral transformer oil leakage measurement on the surface of a ceramic material: by using the device and the method, the ceramic material is tested after being leaked by mineral transformer oil, and the test result is shown in the figure 9 (c) and is accurate and effective;
4. Mineral transformer oil leakage measurement on the surface of the epoxy resin material: by using the device and the method, the epoxy resin material is tested after being leaked by mineral transformer oil, and the test result is shown in the figure 9 (d) and is accurate and effective.
The above experiments are carried out under strong light conditions, and the results show that the device and the method can effectively overcome the difficulty of detecting unknown oil sample components under strong light conditions.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described specific embodiments and application fields, and the above-described specific embodiments are merely illustrative, and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous forms of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. A multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device comprises,
a truncated cone-shaped light source base;
the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system comprises a plurality of ultraviolet light source arrays with different center wavelengths, wherein the ultraviolet light source arrays are arranged at the end part of the truncated cone-shaped light source base and emit ultraviolet light to a target area to be detected in the inspection process;
The halogen lamp light source system comprises a halogen lamp arranged on the truncated cone-shaped light source base, and emits halogen lamp light with uniform light source intensity distribution in a preset wavelength range;
a hyperspectral image acquisition system which acquires image data with a band interval of a predetermined length in a predetermined acquisition wavelength range and synchronously acquires reflection spectrum-image gray scale three-dimensional data, wherein the spectral image data with the number of imaging bands higher than 100 bands is defined as a hyperspectral image, and the spectral resolution of the hyperspectral image acquisition system is taken as the predetermined length;
the data processing unit is connected with the hyperspectral image acquisition system to analyze the reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data and perform multispectral image fusion to obtain a detection result of a target area to be detected in the inspection process, wherein the result can indicate whether the target area to be detected leaks oil or not;
the central processing unit is connected with the multispectral ultraviolet excitation light source system, the halogen lamp light source system, the hyperspectral image acquisition system and the data processing unit,
the central processing unit is used for adjusting the light source intensity of the multi-spectrum ultraviolet excitation light source system according to the distance from the target area to be detected in the inspection process, and switching the light emitting wavelength after the excitation wavelength image acquisition is completed;
The central processing unit is also used for adjusting the light source intensity of the halogen lamp light source system according to the distance from the target area to be detected in the inspection process;
the central processing unit is also used for controlling the hyperspectral image acquisition system to acquire hyperspectral image data and controlling the data processing unit to further perform data analysis on the acquired hyperspectral image data, wherein,
step S1, starting a 255nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source and adjusting the luminous intensity according to the distance from a multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device to a target area to be detected in the inspection process; starting a halogen lamp light source and adjusting the luminous intensity according to the distance from the multi-spectrum excitation oil mark imaging device to a target area to be detected in the inspection process;
further, hyperspectral images of the target area to be detected in the inspection process are obtained;
then, a standard white board hyperspectral image is obtained, a hyperspectral image when a lens cover is closed is obtained, and reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data when a 255nm ultraviolet light source is obtained through normalization processing;
step S2, ultraviolet excitation light with 255nm wave band and halogen lamplight reach a target area to be detected in the inspection process in a parallel light mode, and the target to be detected in the inspection process After the area is reflected, a photoelectric response intensity curve DN is formed on each pixel point (x, y) of a photoelectric converter of the hyperspectral imaging system through a wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system 255nm (x, y, lambda), wherein (x, y) is the pixel point coordinates of the photoelectric converter and corresponds to the spatial positions in the hyperspectral image one by one, and lambda represents the wavelength dimension of the photoelectric response intensity curve of the hyperspectral image acquisition system;
step S3: photoelectric response intensity of hyperspectral image acquisition system when standard white boards are respectively acquired as target areas to be detected in inspection process
And the intensity of the photoelectric response of the hyperspectral image capturing system when the lens cover of the hyperspectral image capturing system is closed +.>
And for all coordinate points respectively
And->
And (5) obtaining an average value: />
Step S4: forming a photoelectric response intensity curve DN on each pixel point (x, y) 255nm (x, y, lambda) is normalized and converted into reflectivity value I 255nm (x,y,λ)，
Step S5: to any one of the seatsLabel (x) i ,y i ) Is subjected to decentralization processing, and a covariance matrix, a characteristic value a and a characteristic value vector thereof are calculated
Selecting the maximum characteristic value a max Corresponding eigenvalue vector +.>
As the reflectivity value coefficients under different wave bands, the data fusion and dimension reduction of W wave bands are realized, and the data fusion and dimension reduction post-reflectivity value +. >
；
Step S6: turning off a 255nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, turning on a 265nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, turning on a halogen lamp light source, obtaining a hyperspectral image of a target area to be detected in the inspection process, then obtaining a hyperspectral image of a standard whiteboard, obtaining a hyperspectral image when a lens cover is turned off, obtaining reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data when the 265nm ultraviolet light source is obtained through normalization processing, executing S2-S5, and obtaining data fusion and dimensionality reduction back reflection values of all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate range
；
Step S7: turning off a 265nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, turning on the 315nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source and adjusting the luminous intensity according to the distance from the multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device to the target area to be detected in the inspection process; the halogen lamp light source is kept in an on state, and hyperspectral images of a target area to be detected in the inspection process are obtained;
further acquiring a standard whiteboard hyperspectral image, acquiring a hyperspectral image when a lens cover is closed, obtaining reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data when a 315nm ultraviolet light source is obtained through normalization processing, and executing steps S2-S5 to obtain data fusion and dimension reduction of all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate rangePost reflectance value 
；
Step S8: closing a 315nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, opening the 365nm wave band ultraviolet excitation light source, adjusting the luminous intensity according to the distance from a multispectral excitation oil mark imaging device to a target area to be detected in the inspection process, keeping the halogen lamp light source in an open state, acquiring hyperspectral images of the target area to be detected in the inspection process, then acquiring hyperspectral images of a standard whiteboard, acquiring hyperspectral images when a lens cover is closed, obtaining reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data when the 365nm ultraviolet light source through normalization processing, performing steps S2-S5, and obtaining data fusion and dimension reduction back reflectance values of all coordinate points (x, y) in a measurement space coordinate range
；
Step S9: obtaining data fusion and a dimension-reduced reflectance value under 4 ultraviolet excitation light sources after the steps S1-S8:
for any coordinate (x i ,y i ) A kind of electronic device
Performing decentralization treatment:
，
Wherein m is the wavelength sequence number of the ultraviolet excitation light source, and m=1, 2,3 and 4;
calculation of
Covariance matrix>
And its eigenvalue b and eigenvalue vector +.>
Selecting the maximum characteristic value b max Corresponding eigenvalue vector +.>
As reflectance value coefficients in different wavebands, the reflectance values in the multispectral band are obtained:
step S10: when (when)
When the value is 1 or more, the coordinate (x i ,y i ) The fluorescent effect occurs, and the fluorescent effect is marked as oil leakage pixel point when +.>
When the value is less than 1, the coordinate (x i ,y i ) Marking the pixel as an oil-free pixel without fluorescence effect; traversing and calculating multi-spectral reflectance values of all coordinate points (x, y) in range of target area to be detected in inspection process
The judgment of the pixel-level oil leakage area is realized, the judgment result of the coordinate points (x, y) is further marked on the image under any wave band in the reflection spectrum-image gray level three-dimensional data, and the imaging of the pixel-level oil mark is realized.
2. The multi-band excitation oil mark imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the truncated cone-shaped light source base is a hollow truncated cone, and the top surfaces of the multi-band ultraviolet excitation light source system, the halogen lamp light source system, and the hyperspectral imaging system wide-angle lens group for collecting images of oil leakage areas and non-oil leakage areas are flush mounted at the end of the hollow truncated cone.
3. The multi-spectrum excitation oil mark imaging device according to claim 2, wherein the central wavelength of the ultraviolet light source array is 255nm, 265nm, 315nm and 365nm respectively, the ultraviolet light source array is connected with the central processing unit and is controlled by the central processing unit to emit light with the wavelength and the light source intensity, the ultraviolet light source arrays are centered on the wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system, the ultraviolet light sources with different wavelengths are distributed at circular intervals and uniformly distributed at the end part of the truncated cone-shaped light source base, and the light source intensities of the ultraviolet light sources are consistent and the light emitting areas are coincident.
4. The multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device according to claim 3, wherein the halogen lamp light source system is centrally and symmetrically distributed on the truncated cone-shaped light source base and is positioned between the wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system and the multi-spectral ultraviolet excitation light source system, and the predetermined wavelength range of the halogen lamp light source is 400nm-900nm.
5. The multi-band excitation oil mark imaging device of claim 1, wherein the predetermined acquisition wavelength range of the hyperspectral image acquisition system is 400nm-900nm, and the spectral resolution is 3nm.
6. The multi-band excitation oil trace imaging apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the multi-band excitation oil trace imaging apparatus further comprises,
the data storage unit is connected with the data processing unit to store the detection result of the target area to be detected in the inspection process;
the display unit is connected with the data processing unit to visually display the detection result of the target area to be detected in the inspection process;
the central processing unit is connected with the data storage unit and the display unit.
7. The multi-band excitation oil mark imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the multi-band ultraviolet excitation light source system and the halogen lamp light source system are both connected with a power management module for power supply and energy consumption control, and the power management module is connected with the central processing unit.
8. The multi-spectral excitation oil mark imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the multi-spectral ultraviolet excitation light source system and the halogen lamp light source system are uniformly emitted in a point light source mode, and reach a target area to be detected in the inspection process in a parallel light mode, and the target area to be detected in the inspection process is reflected and reaches a wide-angle lens group of the hyperspectral imaging system.
9. The multi-band excitation oil trace imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the detection result of the target area to be detected in the inspection process includes a multi-band ultraviolet excitation reflectance value.
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