CN114878042B - Circular tube axial stress measuring device and method based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave - Google Patents
Circular tube axial stress measuring device and method based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN114878042B CN114878042B CN202210502100.9A CN202210502100A CN114878042B CN 114878042 B CN114878042 B CN 114878042B CN 202210502100 A CN202210502100 A CN 202210502100A CN 114878042 B CN114878042 B CN 114878042B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring axial stress of a circular tube based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves. The nondestructive detection of the axial stress of the steel pipe is important for structural health monitoring of in-service steel pipe components, and the device for measuring the axial stress of the circular pipe by utilizing torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves is developed based on the acoustic elastic theory. The apparatus includes a transmitting transducer and two receiving transducers. When the method is implemented, a transmitting transducer positioned at one end of the circular tube to be tested excites expected waves, the expected waves are received by two receiving transducers with fixed intervals L through circular tube propagation, and the guided wave group velocity is obtained by identifying the time interval that the two receiving transducers receive ultrasonic guided wave signals of the same mode. The specific detection method comprises the steps of calibrating the linear relation between the axial stress of the circular tube and the guided wave group velocity through experiments; and calculating by detecting the guided wave group velocity of the circular tube to be detected by using the linear relation obtained by calibration to obtain the axial stress of the circular tube to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultrasonic guided wave nondestructive stress measurement technology, in particular to a device and a method for measuring axial stress of a circular tube based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave.
Background
Steel pipes are widely used as structural members, particularly as axially stressed members. Nondestructive measurement of axial stress is critical to structural health monitoring of in-service steel pipe components. There are various nondestructive stress measuring methods for steel members, such as resistance strain gauge sensing, optical fiber sensing, vibrating wire sensing, X-ray diffraction method, magneto-elastic method, ultrasonic method, etc. However, the resistance strain gauge, the optical fiber sensor and the vibrating wire sensor must be deployed in the stress-free state of the component in advance, so as to measure the absolute stress of the component in the service state. Other methods, including X-ray, magneto-elastic, and ultrasonic methods, do not require prior deployment in an unstressed state to detect absolute stresses in the in-service component. However, the X-ray diffraction method relies on the interaction between the X-ray beam and the crystal lattice of the material and is susceptible to the effects of component surface quality; the application of the magnetoelastic method is limited by the magnetizing conditions, due to the magnetizing process required.
The current ultrasonic force measuring method is mainly used for measuring the residual stress of a welding area, and the axial stress of a high-strength bolt, a steel rail and a plurality of stranded wires, but cannot be measured. In addition, most of the existing ultrasonic force measuring methods utilize the longitudinal mode of ultrasonic waves, and no method for measuring the stress of a component by adopting torsional mode ultrasonic waves is reported yet. The invention provides a device and a method for measuring axial stress of a circular tube based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves, which make up for the blank in the technical field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of a circular tube axial stress measuring means and provides a circular tube axial stress measuring device and method based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the present specification, there is provided a device for measuring axial stress of a circular tube based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves, the device comprising: the device comprises a transmitting transducer, two receiving transducers, an ultrasonic generator and a PC;
the transmitting transducer is fixed at one end of the circular tube to be measured and is used for exciting axisymmetric T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves which are transmitted along the axial direction of the circular tube and tangential to the particle vibration direction;
the two receiving transducers are fixed at the middle section of the circular tube to be tested at intervals L along the axis, and respectively receive T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves transmitted along the circular tube;
the PC is used for setting parameters of axisymmetric T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves which are transmitted along the axial direction of the circular tube and tangential to the vibration direction of particles, transmitting the parameters to the ultrasonic generator, receiving ultrasonic guided wave signals from the receiving transducers, identifying the time interval of the two receiving transducers receiving the ultrasonic guided wave signals of the same mode, calculating to obtain guided wave group velocity, and realizing the axial stress measurement of the circular tube based on the linear relation between the group velocity and the axial stress after temperature correction.
Further, the transmitting transducer is a magnetostrictive transducer formed by a metal strip and a coil, and the magnetostrictive transducer is fixed at one end of the circular tube to be measured along the circumferential direction.
Further, the receiving transducer adopts a transverse wave piezoelectric probe and is fixed on the circular tube to be measured along the axis through an epoxy resin adhesive.
Further, the spacing L of the receiving transducers should be greater than a experimentally measurable value, so that the guided wave group velocity measured by the pipe in the unstressed state remains stable and unaffected by the spacing of the receiving transducers.
According to a second aspect of the present specification, there is provided a method of measuring axial stress of a tubular using the apparatus described above, the method comprising the steps of calibrating and measuring;
the calibration step comprises the steps of firstly measuring guided wave group velocities V under different axial stresses sigma of different environmental temperatures t, then calibrating an acoustic elasticity coefficient K of a circular tube material, and obtaining a linear relation between the axial stresses of the circular tube and the guided wave group velocities under different environmental temperatures;
the method comprises the steps of firstly measuring the group velocity of guided waves transmitted in a circular tube to be measured, simultaneously measuring the current environment temperature, and calculating the axial stress of the circular tube to be measured by adopting a linear relation between the axial stress of the circular tube and the group velocity of the guided waves at the current environment temperature.
Further, the linear relation of the axial stress of the round tube and the guided wave group velocity at the ambient temperature t is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
Is the guided wave group velocity under the zero stress state, K t Is the acoustic elasticity coefficient of the circular tube material, sigma is the axial stress of the circular tube to be measured, V t The group velocity of the guided wave propagating in the circular tube to be measured with the axial stress sigma is used as the guided wave.
Further, the axial symmetry T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave which is transmitted along the axial direction of the circular tube and has tangential particle vibration direction has no dispersion, the transmission speed is only related to the material and the environmental temperature of the circular tube, and the axial stress of the circular tube with consistent measured material and different sizes does not need repeated calibration steps.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the axial stress of a circular tube based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves, which are characterized in that the adopted T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves which are axially transmitted along the circular tube and have tangential particle vibration directions are axisymmetric, the transmission speed is only related to the material and the environmental temperature of the circular tube, the axial stress of the circular tube with consistent measured materials but different sizes does not need repeated calibration steps, and an effective means is provided for measuring the axial absolute stress of the in-service steel tube by utilizing ultrasonic waves.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circular tube axial stress measurement device based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of measuring axial stress of a round tube based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a round tube used in the example;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the group velocity versus axial stress of the guided wave obtained by example fitting.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that this embodiment is only a part of embodiments of the present invention, and the technical parameters set in this embodiment are only for reference.
As shown in FIG. 1, the circular tube axial stress measuring device based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves provided by the invention comprises a transmitting transducer, two receiving transducers, an ultrasonic generator and a PC;
the transmitting transducer is fixed at one end of the circular tube to be measured and is used for exciting axisymmetric T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves which are transmitted along the axial direction of the circular tube and tangential to the particle vibration direction;
the two receiving transducers are fixed at the middle section of the circular tube to be tested at intervals L along the axis, and respectively receive T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves transmitted along the circular tube;
the PC is used for setting parameters of axisymmetric T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves which are transmitted along the axial direction of the circular tube and tangential to the vibration direction of particles, transmitting the parameters to the ultrasonic generator, receiving ultrasonic guided wave signals from the receiving transducers, identifying the time interval of the two receiving transducers receiving the ultrasonic guided wave signals of the same mode, calculating to obtain guided wave group velocity, and realizing the axial stress measurement of the circular tube based on the linear relation between the group velocity and the axial stress after temperature correction.
In one embodiment, the transmitting transducer is a magnetostrictive transducer consisting of a metal strip and a coil, and is fixed at one end of the circular tube to be measured in the circumferential direction through a buckle. The receiving transducer adopts a transverse wave piezoelectric probe and is fixed at the middle section of the circular tube to be measured along the axis through an epoxy resin adhesive.
As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment provides a method for measuring axial stress of a circular tube based on torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves, which comprises the following two steps of calibration and measurement:
(1) Calibration:
(1.1) the calibration test piece is made of a circular tube with the same material as the circular tube to be measured, and certain surface treatment and heat treatment are carried out on the circular tube for calibration to eliminate the residual stress in the circular tube;
(1.2) fixing the transmitting transducer at one end of the circular tube in the circumferential direction through a buckle, fixing two receiving transducers with the interval L at the middle section of the circular tube along the axis through an epoxy resin adhesive, and controlling the ambient temperature at t;
(1.3) measuring axisymmetric T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave signals which are respectively received by two receiving transducers in different standard axial pressure states and are transmitted along the axial direction of the circular tube and tangential to the vibration direction of particles, and obtaining the guided wave group velocity V in different standard axial pressure states t ；
(1.4) obtaining a guided wave group velocity-axial stress relation by least square fitting;
(1.5) changing the environment temperature t, repeating the step (1.3) and the step (1.4), and calibrating the relation of the guided wave group velocity and the axial stress at different environment temperatures;
(2) Measuring:
(2.1) carrying out surface treatment on the round tube to be detected, and carrying out installation of a measuring device and parameter setting;
(2.2) measuring axisymmetric T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave signals which are respectively received by two receiving transducers in the working state and are transmitted along the axial direction of the circular tube and tangential to the vibration direction of particles, and calculating to obtain the guided wave transmission group velocity V in the circular tube t ；
(2.3) measuring the current environment temperature t by adopting a temperature sensor, and linearly interpolating the linear relation obtained by calibrating the step (1.5) according to the temperature to obtain a guided wave group velocity-axial stress relation at the current environment temperature t; transmitting the guided wave transmission group velocity V measured in the step (2.2) t Substituting the relation after temperature correction to calculate to obtain the axial stress of the circular tube to be measured.
The following is one specific example:
as shown in FIG. 3, the round tube used in the present embodiment is L in length s Q345 steel tube 780mm, diameter d=88.5 mm, wall thickness 4 mm. The transmitting transducer is located at a distance of 0.20m from one end, the receiving transducer is located in the middle of the sample at a distance of 0.20m from the other end, and the distance l=0.19 m between the two receiving transducers.
The embodiment adopts a hanning window modulation signal with 110kHz and 6 cycles as an excitation signal, and the sampling time is 2 minutes each time. As shown in FIG. 4, the calibration stage respectively measures the guided wave group velocity in the circular tube under 8 different standard pressure states, and the guided wave group velocity-axial stress relation is obtained by least square fitting. This example calibrates the guided wave group velocity-axial stress relationship for Q345 steel pipes at 2 ℃ intervals over a temperature range of-10 ℃ to 40 ℃.
The environmental temperature in the measuring stage is 25 ℃, and the relation of the guided wave group velocity and the axial stress at 25 ℃ is obtained by interpolation of the relation of the guided wave group velocity and the axial stress at 24 ℃ and 26 ℃:
V 25 ＝0.0178σ+3474.49
the circular tube guided wave transmission group velocity V to be measured is obtained through measurement 25 The axial stress sigma of the round tube to be measured is 142.2Mpa after being calculated as 3477.02m/s and substituted into the above.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention has been disclosed in the above description of the preferred embodiment, but is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention or modifications to equivalent embodiments using the methods and technical contents disclosed above, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a pipe axial stress measuring device based on torsional mode supersound guided wave which characterized in that, this device includes: the device comprises a transmitting transducer, two receiving transducers, an ultrasonic generator and a PC;
the transmitting transducer is fixed at one end of the circular tube to be measured and is used for exciting axisymmetric T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves which are transmitted along the axial direction of the circular tube and tangential to the particle vibration direction;
the two receiving transducers are fixed at the middle section of the circular tube to be tested at intervals L along the axis, and respectively receive T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves transmitted along the circular tube;
the PC is used for setting parameters of axisymmetric T (0, 1) torsional mode ultrasonic guided waves which are transmitted along the axial direction of the circular tube and tangential to the vibration direction of particles, transmitting the parameters to the ultrasonic generator, receiving ultrasonic guided wave signals from the receiving transducers, identifying the time interval of the two receiving transducers receiving the ultrasonic guided wave signals of the same mode, calculating to obtain guided wave group velocity, and realizing the axial stress measurement of the circular tube based on the linear relation between the group velocity and the axial stress after temperature correction.
2. The torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave-based circular tube axial stress measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting transducer is a magnetostrictive transducer consisting of a metal strip and a coil, and the magnetostrictive transducer is fixed at one end of a circular tube to be measured in the circumferential direction.
3. The torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave-based circular tube axial stress measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the receiving transducer is a transverse wave piezoelectric probe and is fixed on the circular tube to be measured along the axis through an epoxy resin adhesive.
4. The torsional mode ultrasonic guided wave based pipe axial stress measurement device of claim 1, wherein the spacing L of the receiving transducers is greater than a experimentally measurable value, such that the guided wave group velocity measured for the pipe in a stress-free state remains stable and unaffected by the spacing of the receiving transducers.
5. A method for measuring axial stress of a round tube by using the device of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the method comprises two steps of calibration and measurement;
the calibration step comprises the steps of firstly measuring guided wave group velocities V under different axial stresses sigma of different environmental temperatures t, then calibrating an acoustic elasticity coefficient K of a circular tube material, and obtaining a linear relation between the axial stresses of the circular tube and the guided wave group velocities under different environmental temperatures:
wherein t is the ambient temperature,
is the guided wave group velocity under the zero stress state, K t Is the acoustic elasticity coefficient of the circular tube material, sigma is the axial stress of the circular tube to be measured, V t Group velocity propagating in the circular tube to be measured with the axial stress sigma is used as the guided wave;
firstly, measuring the group velocity of guided waves transmitted in a circular tube to be measured, simultaneously measuring the current environmental temperature, and calculating the axial stress of the circular tube to be measured by adopting a linear relation between the axial stress of the circular tube and the group velocity of the guided waves at the temperature;
the ultrasonic guided waves of axisymmetric T (0, 1) torsion mode with tangential particle vibration direction along the axial transmission of the circular tube have no dispersion, the transmission speed is only related to the material and the environmental temperature of the circular tube, and the axial stress of the circular tube with consistent material and different sizes is measured without repeated calibration steps.
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| CN108508085B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-10-23 | 清华大学 | Torsional mode magnetostrictive sensor, pipeline detection system and method |
| CN111678630B (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2021-08-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Steel strand uniaxial stress detection method based on ultrasonic guided wave stress sensitivity analysis |
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