CN114875546B - 单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法 - Google Patents

单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114875546B
CN114875546B CN202210628494.2A CN202210628494A CN114875546B CN 114875546 B CN114875546 B CN 114875546B CN 202210628494 A CN202210628494 A CN 202210628494A CN 114875546 B CN114875546 B CN 114875546B
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劳丽红
李锡林
沈开方
郝振东
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Shaoxing Yueling Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)坯布织造:织造具有第一微型窗通道的基层织物,在织物的外侧编织第二微型窗通道,第二微型窗通道与第一微型窗通道交织且贯通;基层织物采用拒水纤维织得,第二微型窗通道采用亲水或导湿纤维织得;第二微型窗通道之间以未与基层织物交织的浮线连接;(2)剪线:用剪线机将基层织物外侧第二微型窗通道之间的浮线剪断。本发明采用单层织物即可实现单向导湿的功能,并且采用一步织造法实现拒水织物和亲水微型窗通道的编织。

Description

单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能性面料技术领域,具体涉及单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法。
背景技术
单向导湿排汗面料,是指水分或汗液只能从织物内层(贴身层)流动到织物外层(非贴身层、扩散层、环境层),并在外层挥发扩散,而不能从反方向流入——即外层的水分(或雨水)难以反渗到内层。
目前,制备单向导湿功能的面料,主要采用两种方式:1)组建润湿梯度:即内层织物疏水(拒水)、外层织物亲水,水分与亲水材料的结合力强于疏水材料,故迅速迁移到织物外表层并迅速挥发,这是在双层织物中实现单向导湿最常见的方法。具体可以通过在单层织物进行正反两面进行亲/疏水性整理,或组建具有内层为疏水材料、外层为亲水材料的的双层或多层织物来实现。2)形成差动毛细效应:以异形截面的吸湿排汗纤维为原料,通过织物内外层所用纤维的异性度和线密度差异等,可以编制单面填纱、法国螺纹和鱼眼结构织物;水分从低异形度到高异性度、低线密度到高线密度迁移。3)形成蒸腾效应:模拟植物的树枝状结构,形成由底层的多股纱、到中间层的少股纱、到表层的单根纱线组建的织物,使得表面具有更大的比表面积,提高水分的蒸发速率,从而提高水分的单向传导能力。
在以上众多的纤维织物设计中,水(或汗液)均能从织物的疏水内层向亲水外层定向输送,而反之则无法实现。
在以上众多的纤维织物设计中,水(或汗液)从织物的疏水内层单向传导到亲水表层后,会在亲水表层聚集铺展并逐渐饱和,使得单向导湿的速度逐渐减慢;同时,织物表层吸附水分后变得潮湿、厚重,使得穿着舒适感降低;另外,织物表层的亲水性使得其不能阻挡外部的水(如雨水,污渍或液体病原体)的吸附滞留。
而高性能服装面料的理想情况是:一方面,水(或汗液)不仅可以从织物的贴身内层定向运输到织物的外层(环境层),在保持皮肤层干爽的同时,在外层蒸发从而实现冷却效果,并且任何额外的汗水将从织物的外层滚落,不影响单向传导的速率。另一方面,外部的水(如雨水、污渍或液体病原体)不会从织物外层反渗到贴身内层,也不会在外层上被吸收滞留。而迄今为止,现有的技术还没法实现兼具这两方面的理想要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,旨在解决上述背景技术提出的现有技术中的问题。
为达成上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)坯布织造:
用单面飞线提花针织机或机织机织造具有第一微型窗通道的基层织物,在织物的外侧对应第一微型窗通道的位置编织第二微型窗通道,第二微型窗通道与第一微型窗通道交织且贯通;所述基层织物采用拒水纤维织得,所述第二微型窗通道采用亲水或导湿纤维织得;所述第二微型窗通道之间以未与基层织物交织的浮线连接;
(2)剪线:
用剪线机将基层织物外侧第二微型窗通道之间的浮线剪断,使得第二微型窗通道之间在平面上不相互连接。
织物内层中的水分(或汗液)通过微型窗通道的毛细管芯吸效应传导到织物的外层,其他拒水区域保持皮肤的干爽;而外层的微型窗通道区域导出水分,同时非微型窗通道区域的亲水或导湿纱线都被剪除,留下和内层一样的大面积拒水区域,故可以起到防水防污和排斥导出水分的功能。
作为优选,所述拒水纤维为聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、经防水剂整理的纤维中的单组分或多组分复合纤维。
作为优选,所述亲水纤维为天然亲水纤维,如棉、麻、蚕丝、粘胶中的单组份或多组分复合纤维;导湿纤维为异形截面纤维或后整理吸湿排汗纤维。
作为优选,所述拒水纤维、亲水纤维或导湿纤维的纤维纤度为50D-400D。
作为优选,所述基层织物、第一微型窗通道、第二微型窗通道的内外层为平纹、网孔或网眼结构。
作为优选,所述第一微型窗通道和第二微型窗通道的形状为孔状或多边形状。
作为优选,所述第一微型窗通道和第二微型窗通道的尺寸为50μm-5mm。
本发明与现有技术相对比,其有益效果在于:
1.本发明的工艺易操作。制备的面料具有单向导湿排汗和防水防污的双重功能,属于首创,突破了传统的单向导湿排汗的单一功能。
2.本发明采用单层织物即可实现单向导湿的功能,并且采用一步织造法实现拒水织物和亲水微型窗通道的编织,它不同于现有技术的两个优势在于,1)织物的微型窗通道区域中形成润湿性梯度,实现单向导湿排汗功能;2)其他大部分区域保持拒水性能,保持干爽舒适。
附图说明
图1是本发明的面料剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步具体的说明。
本发明采用一步提花织造法,制备具有第一微型窗通道3的拒水基层织物1,并在第一微型窗通道外侧编织亲水的第二微型窗通道2,第一微型窗通道3和第二微型窗通道2相互交织组成贯通的微型窗区域。织造方式适用于针织或机织面料。在织造过程中,通过提花方式,在微型窗区域构建内层为拒水纤维、外层为亲水或导湿纤维的双层结构,而其他区域均为拒水纤维。这些微型窗可以作为水分单向传导的通道,而其他区域能起到防水防污的功能。织物内部的水分(或汗液)可以快速从织物内层经过微型窗通道传导到外层,逐渐积累成大液滴并在外层滚落;外部的水分(如雨水、污渍或液体病原体)遇到大面积的防水层,也会从表面滚落,不会从反渗到织物内层,也不会在外层上吸附滞留。
实施例1
(1)坯布织造:
用34寸28针单面提花针织机织造具有第一微型窗通道的单层拒水织物,并在第一微型窗通道外侧编织亲水的第二微型窗通道。织物的基材采用涤纶纤维,第二微型窗通道采用异形截面涤纶纤维,均可选用白色或有色纤维。两种纤维微型窗通道中间部分交织,异形截面涤纶纤维在织物反面以未交织的浮线连接于邻近的微型窗通道区域。所述的涤纶纤维为100D/72F纤度,所述的异形截面涤纶纤维为100D/72F纤度。微型窗通道为内径为1mm的孔状。织造过程中不加氨纶。织物的克重为100-160g/m2
(2)剪线:
用剪线机将织物反面连接第二微型窗通道的异形截面涤纶纤维浮线剪断,使得第二微型窗通道之间在平面上不会相互连接。在实际使用时,织物的正面作为内层,织物的反面作为外层。即内外层的基底均为涤纶纤维,而第一微型窗通道为涤纶纤维,第二微型窗通道为异形截面涤纶纤维。
(3)其它工序:
包括织物织造后的开幅、水洗、染色、印花和定型,均为常规的工艺操作。
实施例2
(1)坯布织造:
用34寸28针单面提花针织机织造具有第一微型窗通道的单层拒水织物,并在第一微型窗通道外侧编织亲水的第二微型窗通道。织物的基材采用经防水剂整理的纤维(拒水纤维),第二微型窗通道采用异形截面涤纶纤维,均选用有色纤维。两种纤维微型窗通道中间部分交织,异形截面涤纶纤维在织物反面以未交织的浮线连接于邻近的第二微型窗通道区域。所述的拒水纤维为75D/24F纤度,所述的异形截面涤纶纤维为100D/72F纤度。微型窗通道为内径为1mm的菱形状。织造过程中不加氨纶。织物的克重为80-140g/m2
(2)剪线:
用剪线机将织物反面连接第二微型窗通道的异形截面涤纶纤维浮线剪断,使得第二微型窗通道之间在平面上不会相互连接。在实际使用时,织物的正面作为内层,织物的反面作为外层。即内外层的基底均为拒水纤维,而第一微型窗通道为拒水纤维,第二微型窗通道为异形截面涤纶纤维。
(3)其它工序:
包括织物织造后的开幅、水洗和定型,均为常规的工艺操作。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)坯布织造:
用单面飞线提花针织机或机织机织造具有第一微型窗通道的基层织物,在织物的外侧对应第一微型窗通道的位置编织第二微型窗通道,第二微型窗通道与第一微型窗通道交织且贯通;所述基层织物采用拒水纤维织得,所述第二微型窗通道采用亲水或导湿纤维织得;所述第二微型窗通道之间以未与基层织物交织的浮线连接;
(2)剪线:
用剪线机将基层织物外侧第二微型窗通道之间的浮线剪断,使得第二微型窗通道之间在平面上不相互连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,其特征在于,所述拒水纤维为聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、经防水剂整理的纤维中的单组分或多组分复合纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,其特征在于,所述亲水纤维为天然亲水纤维;导湿纤维为异形截面纤维或后整理吸湿排汗纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,其特征在于,所述拒水纤维、亲水纤维或导湿纤维的纤维纤度为50D-400D。
5.根据权利要求1所述的单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,其特征在于,所述基层织物、第一微型窗通道、第二微型窗通道的内外层为平纹、网孔或网眼结构。
6.根据权利要求1所述的单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一微型窗通道和第二微型窗通道的形状为孔状或多边形状。
7.根据权利要求1所述的单向导湿、防水防污面料的一步提花制备方法,其特征在于,所述第一微型窗通道和第二微型窗通道的尺寸为50μm-5mm。
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