CN114875402A - Babbitt metal laser cladding processing method and laser cladding part - Google Patents
Babbitt metal laser cladding processing method and laser cladding part Download PDFInfo
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- CN114875402A CN114875402A CN202210706873.9A CN202210706873A CN114875402A CN 114875402 A CN114875402 A CN 114875402A CN 202210706873 A CN202210706873 A CN 202210706873A CN 114875402 A CN114875402 A CN 114875402A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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Abstract
The application relates to a babbitt metal laser cladding processing method, which relates to the field of laser cladding processing, and comprises the following steps: carrying out surface treatment on the processing surface of the base material; moving the base material relative to a laser irradiation device according to a set track; and performing laser irradiation on the processing surface of the base material by using the laser irradiation device to form a base material molten pool, and sending the babbitt metal wire to the position 0-1mm in front of a laser spot formed by the laser irradiation relative to the movement direction of the base material, so that the babbitt metal wire is melted on the processing surface of the base material and is fused with the molten pool to form a babbitt metal cladding layer. The application also relates to a babbitt metal laser cladding piece.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of laser cladding processing, in particular to a babbitt metal laser cladding processing method, and in addition, the application also relates to a babbitt metal laser cladding piece.
Background
The laser cladding technology is a technological method for remarkably improving the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, electrical appliance characteristics and the like of the surface of a base material by placing a set coating material on the surface of a coated base body, melting the coating material and a thin layer on the surface of the base body together through laser irradiation, and forming a surface coating which has extremely low dilution degree and is metallurgically combined with the base material after solidification. The laser cladding technology is a new surface modification technology which is developed along with the development of a high-power laser in the 70 th of the 20 th century, rare metal materials with specific functions can be cladded on a cheap metal base material, the property of a base body is not influenced by the surface of a high-performance alloy, the high surface performance is provided, the cost is reduced, and the precious rare metal materials are saved.
The babbit alloy is a low-melting-point bearing alloy with hard particle phase distributed on a soft matrix, the soft matrix enables the alloy to have good embedding property, compliance and seizure resistance, and after running-in, the soft matrix is concave, and the hard point protrudes outwards, so that a tiny gap is formed between sliding surfaces to form an oil storage space and a lubricating oil channel, thereby being beneficial to antifriction; the convex hard points play a supporting role and are beneficial to bearing. Babbitt metal has characteristics of small expansion coefficient, good thermal conductivity, excellent corrosion resistance and wear reduction performance, and the like, and is widely used as a material for preparing working surfaces of parts such as bearing bushes, bearings, bushes and the like of main shafts of ships, automobiles and large-scale machines, for example, oil film bearings as important component parts of rolling mills in steel mills, and the working surfaces of the bushes are often formed by processing babbitt metal materials.
At present, babbitt metal is mainly processed and covered on a part base material by adopting a casting process to form a working surface of the part. The traditional static casting method mainly comprises the process steps of cleaning and tin coating of a matrix, melting of alloy, casting and cooling of the alloy and the like, the operation process is complex, and the Babbitt metal layer is easy to generate the defects of coarse grains, component segregation, cracks, shrinkage cavities, slag holes, unshelling and the like, so that the service performance of the Babbitt metal is seriously influenced; meanwhile, the heat input in the casting process is large, the steel body deforms greatly, the casting thickness of the alloy layer is relatively thick, and the later machining removal amount is large, so that the material waste is caused. Recently, a laser cladding process using babbitt metal powder has appeared, but because the melting point of babbitt metal is low and is generally far lower than that of a base material, if the base material and the babbitt metal powder are melted by absorbing laser energy at the same time by using a traditional laser cladding method, the babbitt metal is easy to ablate and oxidize. The prior art is improved by firstly using a method of spraying or pre-placing powder to form a mechanically combined Babbitt metal layer on the surface of a base material, then using laser with lower power to melt the Babbitt metal and generate certain metallurgical bonding with a matrix, and the method has larger limitation on the thickness of a cladding layer, increases the thickness and is easy to cause poor bonding, and the cladding layer falls off integrally; in order to form a thickened babbitt metal layer, the patent applications CN108570674A and CN107803501A adopt a processing method of multilayer overlapping cladding and remelting, but these methods all increase the process of preparing a cladding layer, increase the complexity of the process, improve the processing cost and reduce the processing efficiency.
In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, the inventors consider that there is a problem that the babbitt metal laser cladding process is complicated and inefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of low laser cladding efficiency of babbitt metal, the application provides a babbitt metal laser cladding processing method.
The babbitt metal laser cladding processing method provided by the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a babbitt metal laser cladding processing method comprises the following steps: carrying out surface treatment on the processing surface of the base material; moving the base material relative to a laser irradiation device according to a set track; and performing laser irradiation on the processing surface of the base material by using the laser irradiation device to form a base material molten pool, and sending the babbitt metal wire to the front of a laser spot formed by the laser irradiation by 0-1mm in the track direction, so that the babbitt metal wire is melted on the processing surface of the base material and is fused with the molten pool to form a babbitt metal cladding layer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the Babbitt metal wire is sent to the front of the moving direction of the laser spot by a method of 0-1mm, so that the Babbitt metal wire is melted under the action of heat conduction and heat radiation near a base material molten pool formed by the laser spot on the base material, and the Babbitt metal wire cannot be ablated because the laser is not directly irradiated on the Babbitt metal wire; when the laser spot moves forward relative to the base material, the laser spot irradiates on the babbitt metal which is fully melted and spread on the surface of the base material, and the heat on the babbitt metal can be quickly diffused into the base material and is not easy to ablate, thereby not only avoiding the gasification caused by the direct irradiation of high-power laser on the babbitt metal wire, but also ensuring the amount of the babbitt metal material melted on the surface of the base material. According to the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method, the thickness of the babbitt metal cladding layer can reach more than 2mm through single processing, the thickness of the babbitt metal cladding layer is uniform, the 2mm babbitt metal cladding layer is formed after subsequent machining, the utilization rate of babbitt metal materials is high, and the laser cladding processing efficiency is high.
In a specific embodiment, the surface treatment method is to clean the processing surface of the base material by using acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol.
By adopting the technical scheme, impurities and oil stains on the surface of the base material can be removed, metallurgical bonding between the babbitt metal material and the base material is promoted, and bonding force between the babbitt metal cladding layer and the base material is increased.
In a specific possible embodiment, laser is irradiated along a direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the base material, and the babbitt metal wire is sent to the processing surface of the base material along a direction forming an included angle of 45-60 degrees with the laser irradiation direction.
By adopting the technical scheme, the laser irradiates along the direction vertical to the processing surface of the base material, the temperature rise effect of the base material under the laser irradiation is better, and the stability of a base material molten pool is high. The Babbitt metal wire is conveyed to the processing surface of the base material along the direction with the included angle of 45-60 degrees with the laser irradiation direction, so that the interference between a Babbitt metal wire feeding mechanism and a laser head can be prevented, the wire feeding direction of 45-60 degrees is favorable for the stability of wire feeding, and the compliance of the Babbitt metal wire is better.
In a specific possible embodiment, the movement rate of the base material with respect to the laser irradiation apparatus is 8 to 20 mm/s.
By adopting the technical scheme, the base material moves at a speed of 8-20mm/s relative to the laser irradiation device, the laser beam can form a molten pool with a proper depth on the surface of the base material, the temperature formed by heat conduction from the molten pool to the peripheral base material can be ensured, the babbitt metal material in the peripheral area can be melted, and the laser beam is prevented from directly irradiating on the unmelted babbitt metal material to cause gasification of the babbitt metal material.
In a specific possible embodiment, the diameter of the babbitt metal wire is 1.5-3mm, and the wire feeding speed of the babbitt metal wire is 1-8 m/min.
By adopting the technical scheme, the melting amount of the babbitt metal material on the processing surface of the base material can be controlled by controlling the diameter and the wire feeding speed of the babbitt metal wire, so that the thickness of a babbitt metal cladding layer is controlled, and the melting speed of the babbitt metal wire can be controlled.
In a specific embodiment, the movement trajectory of the base material with respect to the laser irradiation device is controlled so that the overlap ratio between the babbitt metal cladding layers formed on the adjacent movement trajectories is 30 to 50%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the depth of the edge part of the babbitt metal cladding layer on a single motion track can be prevented from being insufficient by controlling the lap joint rate between the babbitt metal cladding layers formed on the adjacent motion tracks, and the integral uniformity of the babbitt metal cladding layer is ensured.
In a specific possible embodiment, the base material is an oil film bearing bush, the machined surface is an inner surface of the oil film bearing bush, the oil film bearing bush rotates circumferentially, and the laser irradiation device moves in an axial direction of the oil film bearing bush.
By adopting the technical scheme, a spiral babbitt metal laser cladding processing track can be formed on the inner surface of the oil film bearing bush, so that the babbitt metal laser cladding processing on the inner surface of the oil film bearing bush is completed, and the heat conduction, the friction reduction and the corrosion resistance of the inner surface of the oil film bearing bush are improved.
In a specific possible embodiment, the laser head swings along the axial direction of the oil film bearing bush, the swinging frequency of the laser head is 3-8Hz, and the swinging amplitude of the laser spot is 1-3 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, a molten pool with wider axial width can be formed on the inner surface of the oil film bearing bush, so that the width of a babbitt metal cladding layer formed on a single motion track is increased, and the energy input on a unit area is reduced due to the axial swing of laser spots, so that the babbitt metal wires can be fully melted and spread on the surface of a base material without burning loss, and the laser cladding effect of the babbitt metal is improved.
In a specific embodiment, the power of the laser used is 2000-6000W, and the diameter of the laser spot is 3-5 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the size and the depth of a molten pool formed on the surface of the base material can be controlled, so that a babbitt metal cladding layer with the thickness of 2-3mm is formed on the surface of the base material, and the efficiency of babbitt metal laser cladding processing is improved.
The technical scheme is that the babbitt metal laser cladding part adopts the following technical scheme:
the babbitt metal laser cladding piece comprises a base material and a babbitt metal cladding layer, wherein the babbitt metal cladding layer is processed and formed according to the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method.
By adopting the technical scheme, the babbitt metal laser cladding piece has the advantages that the crystal characteristics of the babbitt metal cladding layer are good, the structural defects are reduced, the metallurgical bonding between the babbitt metal cladding layer and the substrate material is better, the material consumption is small, and the processing efficiency is high.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. by the method of conveying the Babbitt metal wires to the position 0-1mm in front of the laser spot, the Babbitt metal wires can be melted outside a molten pool of a base material under the action of heat conduction and heat radiation of the molten pool, are scattered on the surface of the base material and are fused into the molten pool of the base material along with the movement of the laser spot on the surface of the base material to form a Babbitt metal cladding layer, so that the Babbitt metal wires are prevented from being gasified due to direct irradiation of laser beams on the Babbitt metal wires, the amount of Babbitt metal cladded on the surface of the base material and the thickness of the Babbitt metal cladding layer are ensured, the defect that multilayer overlapping processing is needed when laser cladding processing is carried out by using Babbitt metal powder is avoided while the characteristic that the thickness of the Babbitt metal wires is uniform is kept, and the efficiency of the laser cladding processing of the Babbitt metal is effectively improved;
2. by controlling the movement speed and movement track of the base material, the diameter and wire feeding speed of the babbit metal wire, the laser power and the spot size, the single processing width, the processing depth and the uniformity of the babbit metal cladding layer can be effectively controlled, and the structure quality and the processing efficiency of the babbit metal cladding layer are improved;
3. by utilizing the swinging of the laser facula, a molten pool with wider width can be formed on the base material, and a babbitt metal cladding layer with wider width can be formed on a single motion track by fusing more babbitt metal wires in the molten pool, so that the processing efficiency of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of one embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a processing state according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of reference numerals: 1. laser facula; 2. babbitt metal wire; 3. a wire feeder; 4. a laser head; 41. a laser head mounting arm; 42. a swing device; 5. an oil film bearing bushing; 51. and (4) coating a babbitt metal cladding layer.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present application refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present application, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, and are not intended to limit the present application.
In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the positional or orientational relationships indicated by the terms "upper" and "lower" are based on the positional or orientational relationships shown in the drawings of the present application, and the positional or orientational relationships of the respective components in the present application are described in the same way.
In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be connected through inter-element communication or interaction between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
One embodiment of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprises the following steps:
and carrying out surface treatment on the processed surface of the base material. By carrying out surface treatment on the processing surface of the base material, the bonding property between the cladding material and the base material can be increased, so that the bonding between the babbitt metal cladding layer and the base material is tighter, and the peeling of the babbitt metal layer is prevented. The surface treatment of the processed surface of the base material may be performed by various methods such as: cleaning the processed surface of the substrate by a physical or chemical method, machining the processed surface of the substrate, and coating tin on the processed surface of the substrate.
And moving the base material relative to the laser irradiation device according to a set track. The movement of the base material relative to the laser irradiation device may be formed by the movement of the base material, the movement of the laser irradiation device, or the simultaneous movement and superposition of the base material and the laser irradiation device. The movement locus of the base material relative to the laser irradiation device may be set according to the shape of the base material and the structural characteristics of the laser irradiation device, and the specific shape of the movement locus is not limited in the present application, but a scanning surface formed by scanning a spot formed by laser irradiation along the movement locus covers at least the entire processing surface of the base material, so that a babbitt metal laser cladding layer covering the entire processing surface can be formed on the processing surface of the base material. The laser irradiation device in the present application refers to a device for emitting a laser beam to irradiate a substrate, such as a laser head for emitting a laser beam, a light outlet of a laser conduction device, and the like.
And (3) performing laser irradiation on the processing surface of the base material by using a laser irradiation device, irradiating the processing surface of the base material by using a laser beam to form a laser spot 1, and melting the surface of the base material within the range of the laser spot 1 under the action of the laser to form a base material molten pool. The Babbitt metal wire 2 is sent to the front of the laser spot 1 in the motion track direction of the base material relative to the laser irradiation device by 0-1mm, and the minimum distance between the edge of one side of the Babbitt metal wire 2 close to the laser spot 1 and the edge of the laser spot 1 is 0-1 mm. When the babbitt metal wire 2 contacts the surface of the base material, the babbitt metal wire 2 is heated under the action of heat conduction and heat radiation of a base material molten pool to reach the melting point of the babbitt metal and be melted on the processing surface of the base material. Along with the movement of the laser spot 1, the laser beam irradiates a babbitt metal melting area, further melts the surface of the base material in the area to form a molten pool, so that the babbitt metal is fused in the molten pool, and a babbitt metal cladding layer 51 is formed after solidification.
In the existing babbitt metal laser cladding processing method for melting babbitt metal powder into a base material molten pool, the babbitt metal powder is blown into the molten pool by using air flow, and only part of the babbitt metal powder can reach the base material molten pool during the blowing of the air flow, so that the babbitt metal amount in the molten pool is low, the thickness of the babbitt metal cladding layer 51 is thin, and the utilization rate of the babbitt metal powder is low. In the existing babbitt metal laser cladding processing method, babbitt metal powder is coated on the processing surface of a base material, and then a babbitt metal cladding layer 51 is formed on the surface of the base material through laser irradiation, in order to enable heat generated by the laser irradiation on the babbitt metal to be transferred to the base material as soon as possible and prevent the babbitt metal from being formed into gasified smoke dust due to overhigh temperature, the thickness of the babbitt metal coating layer is usually only in the order of a few tenths of millimeters, the thickness of the formed babbitt metal cladding layer 51 cannot meet the required requirements, the babbitt metal cladding layer can meet the requirements through multilayer cladding, the processing technology is complex, and the processing cost is high. According to the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method, the babbitt metal wires 2 are firstly melted on the base material outside the range of the laser spot 1, the laser beams irradiate the surface of the base material through the melted babbitt metal layer, the laser energy absorbed by the babbitt metal is less, and the heat in the liquid babbitt metal is more easily transferred to the base material, so that the high-temperature gasification of the babbitt metal is prevented, more babbitt metal can be melted on the processing surface of the base material, and the babbitt metal cladding layer 51 with the thickness meeting the design requirement and stable combination can be formed through one-time processing. The babbitt metal laser cladding processing method can carry out laser cladding on the tin-based babbitt metal with the melting point of 200-250 ℃, prevents the babbitt metal from being gasified or the alloy elements from being burnt and damaged due to the fact that laser is directly irradiated on the babbitt metal wire 2, enables the babbitt metal wire 2 to be almost completely melted on the base material, and is high in utilization rate of the babbitt metal.
Compared with the traditional babbitt metal arc surfacing welding process, the babbitt metal layer formed by the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method is more uniform in thickness, the same effective babbitt metal layer can be formed on the processing surface of the base material through the thinner babbitt metal cladding layer 51, the using amount of babbitt metal is reduced, and the processing efficiency is improved. And the high-temperature deformation of the base material caused by the arc surfacing process can be reduced, and the process stability of the base material is improved.
In some embodiments of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the processing surface of the base material is subjected to surface treatment by cleaning the processing surface of the base material with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol. The acetone or the absolute ethyl alcohol has high solubility and good volatility, can well remove oil stains and impurity particles on the processing surface of the base material, does not remain on the surface of the base material, does not cause corrosion on the surface of the base material, and can effectively improve the bonding performance between the babbitt metal and the base material. Compared with the traditional tin coating treatment, the treatment process is simple, the energy consumption is low, the use of heavy metal tin is reduced, and the method has environmental protection value.
As a preferred embodiment of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, a laser beam emitted from a laser irradiation device is irradiated onto a processing surface of a base material in a direction perpendicular to the processing surface of the base material, and a wire feeder 3 feeds the babbitt metal wire 2 to the processing surface of the base material in a direction forming an angle of 45 to 60 degrees with the laser irradiation direction. When laser irradiates the processing surface of the base material along the direction vertical to the processing surface of the base material, the area of the formed laser spot 1 is smaller, the laser irradiation area is more concentrated, and a molten pool is more favorably formed on the surface of the base material. The Babbitt metal wire 2 is fed to the surface of the base material along the direction forming an included angle of 45-60 degrees with the laser beam, on one hand, the contact surface between the Babbitt metal wire 2 and the base material formed when the Babbitt metal wire 2 is in contact melting with the surface of the base material is larger, so that the Babbitt metal wire 2 is melted more quickly, the thickness of the part, close to a laser spot 1, of the Babbitt metal wire 2 is thinner, the gasification of Babbitt metal is reduced, on the other hand, the arrangement of the wire feeding device 3 is facilitated, and the interference between the wire feeding device 3 and a laser irradiation device is reduced.
In some embodiments of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of the present application, the movement rate of the base material with respect to the laser irradiation apparatus is 8 to 20 mm/s. The movement rate of 8-20mm/s enables the formation of a suitable melt pool depth when the laser beam is irradiated onto the processing surface of the base material, and enables the formation of a suitable temperature gradient at the periphery of the melt pool by thermal conduction and radiation of the melt pool, so that the temperature of the base material in the range of at least 1mm of the periphery of the melt pool exceeds the melting point temperature of the babbitt metal, and the babbitt metal wire 2 contacting the base material is melted. Generally, the greater the moving speed of the base material relative to the laser irradiation device, the higher the laser irradiation power required.
In a preferred embodiment of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of the present application, the babbitt metal wire 2 used has a diameter of 1.5-3mm, preferably the babbitt metal wire 2 having a diameter of 1.6mm is used. The wire feeding speed of the babbitt metal wires 2 is 1-8m/min, and the preferred wire feeding speed is 2 m/min. This makes it possible to control the amount of babbitt metal melted on the surface of the base material, thereby controlling the thickness of the babbitt metal cladding layer 51 formed on the worked surface of the base material.
As an embodiment of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of the present application, a movement locus of the base material relative to the laser irradiation device is controlled, so that the babbitt metal cladding layers 51 formed by scanning the laser spot 1 on the base material along the movement locus overlap with each other on adjacent movement loci, and the overlapping rate between the babbitt metal cladding layers 51 formed by adjacent movement loci is between 30% and 50%. The thickness of the middle part of the babbitt metal cladding layer 51 formed by scanning the laser spot 1 is thicker, the thickness of the edge part is thinner, and the uniformity of the thickness of the whole babbitt metal cladding layer 51 formed on the processing surface of the base material can be improved by setting the overlap ratio of 30-50%, so that the whole thickness of the babbitt metal cladding layer 51 meets the requirement of subsequent processing.
In some embodiments of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the base material used is the oil film bearing bush 5, and the babbitt metal laser cladding processing is performed on the oil film bearing bush 5 with the inner surface of the oil film bearing bush 5 as a processing surface. Install oil film bearing bush 5 on the revolving stage chuck earlier during processing, the low-speed revolving stage that starts uses the percentage table to survey the beating of oil film bearing bush inner wall, adjusts the chuck clamping jaw, beats the inner wall control within 200 um. After the surface of the inner wall of the oil film bearing bush 5 is treated, the laser head mounting arm 41 with the laser head 4 extends into the inner circle of the oil film bearing bush 5, the position of the laser head mounting arm 41 is adjusted, so that a laser beam emitted by the laser head 4 can vertically irradiate the edge of one end of the inner wall of the oil film bearing bush 5, the position of a light path protection gas outlet of the laser head 4 is adjusted, and the distance between the light path protection gas outlet and the inner surface of the oil film bearing bush 5 is about 13 mm. And starting the turntable, enabling the oil film bearing bush 5 to circumferentially rotate at a rotating speed of 0.2-1r/min along the X direction, controlling the linear speed of the inner wall of the oil film bearing bush 5 to be 8-20mm/s, and controlling the laser head mounting arm 41 to enable the laser head mounting arm 41 to slowly move along the Y direction, driving the laser head 4 to axially move along the oil film bearing bush 5, so that the lap joint rate between the babbit metal cladding layers 51 formed by scanning the laser spot 1 is 30-50% every time the oil film bearing bush 5 rotates for one circle.
As a specific embodiment of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the laser head 4 also swings back and forth along the axial direction of the oil film bearing bush 5, so that the laser beam emitted by the laser head 4 swings back and forth along the axial direction of the oil film bearing bush 5 again with the laser spot 1 formed on the inner wall of the oil film bearing bush 5. Specifically, a swinging device 42 is arranged between the laser head 4 and the laser head mounting arm 41, and the laser head 4 is driven to swing back and forth along the R direction by the back and forth rotation of the swinging device 42, so that the laser spot 1 periodically swings back and forth along the axial direction of the oil film bearing bush 5. The swing frequency of the laser head 4 is 3-8Hz, and the swing amplitude of the laser spot 1 is 1-3mm, so that the width of a molten pool formed by irradiating laser on the inner wall of the oil film bearing bush 5 in the axial direction of the oil film bearing bush 5 can be improved, a babbitt metal cladding layer 51 track with wider width is formed, and the efficiency of babbitt metal laser cladding processing is improved. Of course, in order to form a wider babbitt metal cladding layer 51 track, more babbitt metal material needs to be melted in the molten pool, which can be realized by melting more babbitt metal material on the surface of the base material by properly increasing the wire feeding speed of the babbitt metal wire. On the other hand, the molten pool with wider axial width can also increase the heat transfer of the heat of the molten pool in the radial direction, accelerate the melting speed of the Babbitt metal wires contacted with the base material in front of the molten pool and be beneficial to the melting of the Babbitt metal wires with higher wire feeding speed. Generally, the larger the amplitude of oscillation of the laser spot 1, the faster the wire feed speed of the babbitt metal wire is required.
In some embodiments of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of the present application, the power of the laser emitted by the laser head 4 is 2000-6000W, and the arrangement of the collimating lens on the laser head 4 is adjusted so that the diameter of the laser spot 1 formed when the laser beam irradiates on the processing surface of the base material is 3-5mm, preferably 4 mm.
In the preferred embodiment of the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method, the control parameters are optimally configured according to the preferred range in the above embodiment to form the babbitt metal cladding layer 51 with the thickness of more than 2.5-3mm, and after subsequent machining, the effective babbitt metal cladding layer 51 with the thickness of 2mm is formed, so that the oil film bearing bush 5 has excellent antifriction performance, better corrosion resistance and modified heat conductivity.
The babbitt metal laser cladding piece of the application also has the advantages that the babbitt metal laser cladding layer 51 is formed on the base material through the babbitt metal laser cladding processing method of any embodiment of the application.
In the description of the present application, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "a specific embodiment," "a preferred embodiment," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this application, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the present application shall be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A babbit metal laser cladding processing method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
carrying out surface treatment on the processing surface of the base material;
moving the base material relative to a laser irradiation device according to a set track;
and performing laser irradiation on the processing surface of the base material by using the laser irradiation device to form a base material molten pool, and sending the babbitt metal wire to the front 0-1mm of a laser spot formed by the laser irradiation in the track direction, so that the babbitt metal wire is melted on the processing surface of the base material and is fused with the molten pool to form a babbitt metal cladding layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the surface treatment method is to clean the processing surface of the base material by using acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and irradiating the laser along the direction vertical to the processing surface of the base material, and conveying the Babbitt metal wire to the processing surface of the base material along the direction forming an included angle of 45-60 degrees with the laser irradiation direction.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the movement rate of the base material relative to the laser irradiation device is 8-20 mm/s.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the diameter of the Babbitt metal wire is 1.5-3mm, and the wire feeding speed of the Babbitt metal wire is 1-8 m/min.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the movement locus of the base material relative to the laser irradiation device is controlled so that the lap ratio between the babbitt metal cladding layers formed on the adjacent movement loci is 30-50%.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the substrate material is an oil film bearing bush, the processing surface is the inner surface of the oil film bearing bush, the oil film bearing bush rotates in the circumferential direction, and the laser irradiation device moves along the axial direction of the oil film bearing bush.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the laser head axially swings along the oil film bearing bush, the swing frequency of the laser head is 3-8Hz, and the swing amplitude of the laser spot is 1-3 mm.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein: the power of the laser used is 2000-6000W, and the diameter of the laser spot is 3-5 mm.
10. A babbitt metal laser cladding spare, includes matrix material and babbitt metal cladding layer, its characterized in that: the babbitt metal cladding processed according to the method of any one of claims 1-9.
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