CN103498154A - Laser cladding method for surface of automobile engine camshaft - Google Patents
Laser cladding method for surface of automobile engine camshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN103498154A CN103498154A CN201310396998.7A CN201310396998A CN103498154A CN 103498154 A CN103498154 A CN 103498154A CN 201310396998 A CN201310396998 A CN 201310396998A CN 103498154 A CN103498154 A CN 103498154A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser cladding method for the surface of an automobile engine camshaft. The method comprises the following steps: 1) cladding blended nickel-based ceramal powder on the surface of a camshaft in a synchronous powder feeding manner, allowing the powder and the surface of the camshaft to fuse at the same time through laser beam scanning and subjecting a mixed liquid alloy to rapid solidification through air cooling at room temperature so as to form an alloy cladding layer; and 2) allowing the surface of the cladding layer to meet requirements on assembling and working of the camshaft by using a machining manner. The method has the following advantages: 1) the surface of the camshaft has improved strength, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance after cladding; 2) the cladding layer has small deformation, a compact structure, few microdefects, high bonding strength and a low rate of dilution to the surface of the camshaft; 3) the size and the position of the cladding layer can be accurately controlled, and components of the cladding layer can be conveniently adjusted according to demands of working conditions; and 4) the service life of the camshaft is prolonged, the integral performance of an engine is improved, and maintenance cost is saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the laser melting and coating technique field, particularly relate to a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface.
Background technology
Camshaft refers to the axle that one or more cams are housed, and the main body of camshaft is a cylindrical barred body identical with cylinder unit length.Upper surface cover has several cams, for driving valve.One end of camshaft is the bearings point, and the other end is connected with driving wheel.Press the number of camshaft number, can be divided into two kinds of Single Over Head Camshaft (SOHC) and Dual Over Head Camshafts (DOHC).Camshaft usually matches the switch of control engine valve with valve rocker in motor car engine, it is the maximum friction member of load on engine, the hardness of position, camshaft peach tip and the chill degree of depth are the key technical index that determines camshaft work-ing life and motor efficiency, to engine overall performance important.Because the friction point temperature is high, be prone to scratch, tear, peel off and in early days wearing and tearing etc.The inordinate wear meeting of camshaft causes the gap between camshaft and bearing support to increase, during the camshaft motion, axial displacement can occur, also can cause the gap between driving cam and hydraulic tappet to increase, cam can clash into when hydraulic tappet is combined, thereby produces abnormal sound.Therefore require working-surface that enough hardness and wear resistance should be arranged, to guarantee its life-span.The material that camshaft is selected both at home and abroad at present is alloy chilled cast iron or structure iron, and the approach that extends its work-ing life is to improve wear resistance and the anti-fatigue performance of its working-surface, and main method is to carry out surface treatment.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, what the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of toughness that can increase substantially the camshaft surface, intensity, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant ability carries out laser cladding method for the camshaft surface.
To achieve the above object, a kind of method of for the camshaft of car engine surface, carrying out laser melting coating provided by the invention is carried out the following step:
1) pre-treatment is carried out in the surface of camshaft;
2) by Ni-based ceramal powder square focus spot diameter, the overlapping rate of 4～6mm be 10%～20% and the linear velocity condition of 3～10mm/s under adopt 1500～2500W optical fiber laser by the alloy powder cladding surface at camshaft, in cladding process, adopt rare gas element to be protected the cladding position, then at room temperature by air cooling, form one deck alloy cladding layer;
3) utilize the method for mechanical workout that the top layer of above-mentioned alloy cladding layer is removed and can be processed the camshaft of surface with alloy cladding layer.
As a kind of preferred version, a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: because camshaft is subject to torsion T and anchorage force F when working, so the laser beam employing is the processing trend of axial and spiral motion mode; When cam face is carried out to cladding, because the profile at cam " peach point " position is irregular, and cam is again centrifugal member, so the position of laser beam, parameter and movement locus all can be made corresponding adjustment according to the profile of cam, the angle of cut between laser beam and cam " peach point " surface is 70 °～90 °.
As a kind of preferred version, described Ni-based ceramal power formulations content by weight percentage is: the Indium sesquioxide (In2O3) of the nickel of 10%～16% titanium carbide, 0.3%～0.6% carbon, 3%～5% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), 4%～8% silicon nitride, 7%～15% chromium, 1.6%～2.8% silicon, 2%～5% iron, 8%～17% molybdenum, 0.8%～1.2% manganese, surplus and suitable proportion, rare earth (CeO2).
As a kind of preferred version, through optical path modulation squarely hot spot, its feature is that energy comparison is even.
As a kind of preferred version, the speed of laser scanning is 6.7～8.3mm/s, and the power that overlapping rate is 10%～20% optical fiber laser is 1500W.
As a kind of preferred version, the feed mode of Ni-based ceramal powder is the synchronous powder feeding system method.
As a kind of preferred version, described rare gas element is chosen as nitrogen, argon gas or helium, and its effect is protected the cladding position.
As a kind of preferred version, described cladding layer thickness is 0.5～2mm.
As a kind of preferred version, the later stage machining is carried out in surface accuracy, physical dimension and the not satisfactory surface of camshaft, make it to reach work and matching requirements, this working method is the precision work grinding process.
As a kind of preferred version, described pre-treatment comprises greasy dirt and the impurity of removing the camshaft surface; The later stage machining is carried out on surface accuracy, physical dimension and not satisfactory surface to camshaft, makes it to reach work and matching requirements, and this working method is the precision work grinding process.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the front schematic perspective view of the embodiment of the present invention;
In accompanying drawing: 1. camshaft; 2. cam; 3. transmitting gear.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, a kind of method of for the camshaft of car engine surface, carrying out laser melting coating provided by the invention is elaborated.
embodiment 1:
A kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface, carry out following steps:
1) at room temperature oil removing and impurity processing are carried out in camshaft 1 surface;
2) select numerically-controlled machine as worktable;
3) prefabricated powder: the Ni-based ceramal power formulations of the selecting nickel that content is 16% titanium carbide, 0.6% carbon, 3% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), 4% silicon nitride, 15% chromium, 1.6% silicon, 5% iron, 17% molybdenum, 0.8% manganese, surplus by weight percentage and 5% Indium sesquioxide and rare earth.
4) camshaft 1 clamping is rotated on worktable and thereupon, the rotating speed of worktable is 300r/min, the high energy laser beam that diameter is 4mm (being hot spot), overlapping rate is 10%, synchronize and move axially with robot system by the optical-fiber laser producer, keep laser beam consistent to the distance on camshaft 1 surface, angle between laser beam and camshaft 1 surface is 70 °, coordinate rotatablely moving of camshaft 1, realize the together screw type accurate scanning of laser beam on camshaft 1 surface, sweep velocity is 6.7mm/s, in scanning process, the laser beam irradiation that is 1500W by power is to camshaft 1 surface, make camshaft 1 surface melting (the about 0.2mm of fusing thickness), the Ni-based ceramal powdered material fusing simultaneously the automatic synchronization powder feed system provided, in melting process, select nitrogen to be protected the fusing position, two portions liquid alloy is stirred in together, after laser beam leaves, the mixing liquid alloy is at room temperature by the air cooling rapid solidification, form one deck alloy cladding layer, cladding layer thickness is 1.2mm, and powder sending quantity is 20g/min
5) when cladding is carried out on cam 2 surfaces in camshaft 1, because the profile at cam 2 " peach point " position is irregular, and cam 2 is again centrifugal member, so the working parameter in above-mentioned is made to following adjustment: the rotating speed of worktable is 250r/min, the high energy laser beam that diameter is 4mm (being hot spot), angle between laser beam and cam face is 70 °, and sweep velocity is 6.7mm/s, and power is 1300W; Mode of motion is for moving axially, and the movement locus of laser beam is adjusted according to the profile of cam 2, keeps laser beam consistent to the distance on cam 2 surfaces; Cladding layer thickness is 1.3mm, and powder sending quantity is 25g/min.
6) check that there is the pore-free defects i.e.cracks on the cladding layer surface
7) camshaft after cladding is carried out to temper, prevent that thermal crack from producing, and removed internal stress simultaneously.
8) cladding layer is carried out to post-production, utilize the method for the mechanical workouts such as turning or grinding to remove unnecessary top layer, with this, guarantee the physical dimension of camshaft, make surfaceness reach assembling and job requirement, finished surface is answered the Glabrous thorn.
While 9) contacting with tappet due to cam, surface contact stress is larger, and cam face has not allowed any defect, so the camshaft surface needs through fluorescent inspection, this flaw detection is a kind of lossless detection method.
10) camshaft is carried out to surface cleaning, main is the cleaning of main oil gallery and the cleaning of oilhole, and what prevent that the foul such as iron filings is trapped in mail gallery holes takes the knot place, and camshaft dries up it and soaks upper slushing oil after cleaning, and carries out dust-proof working.
embodiment 2:
A kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface, carry out following steps:
1) at room temperature oil removal treatment is carried out in the camshaft surface;
2) select numerically-controlled machine as worktable;
3) prefabricated powder: the Ni-based ceramal power formulations of the selecting nickel that content is 16% titanium carbide, 0.6% carbon, 3% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), 4% silicon nitride, 15% chromium, 1.6% silicon, 5% iron, 17% molybdenum, 0.8% manganese, surplus by weight percentage and 5% Indium sesquioxide and rare earth.
4) camshaft 1 clamping is rotated on worktable and thereupon, the rotating speed of worktable is 300r/min, the high energy laser beam that diameter is 5mm (being hot spot), overlapping rate is 15%, synchronize and move axially with robot system by the optical-fiber laser producer, keep laser beam consistent to the distance on camshaft 1 surface, angle between laser beam and camshaft 1 surface is 80 °, coordinate rotatablely moving of camshaft 1, realize the together screw type accurate scanning of laser beam on camshaft 1 surface, sweep velocity is 6.7mm/s, in scanning process, the laser beam irradiation that is 2000W by power is to camshaft 1 surface, make camshaft 1 surface melting (the about 0.4mm of fusing thickness), the Ni-based ceramal powdered material fusing simultaneously the automatic synchronization powder feed system provided, in melting process, select nitrogen to be protected the fusing position, two portions liquid alloy is stirred in together, after laser beam leaves, the mixing liquid alloy is at room temperature by the air cooling rapid solidification, form one deck alloy cladding layer, cladding layer thickness is 1.4mm.Powder sending quantity is 30g/min.
5) when cladding is carried out on cam 2 surfaces in camshaft 1, because the profile at cam 2 " peach point " position is irregular, and cam 2 is again centrifugal member, so the working parameter in above-mentioned is made to following adjustment: the rotating speed of worktable is 250r/min, the high energy laser beam that diameter is 5mm (being hot spot), angle between laser beam and cam 2 surfaces is 80 °, and sweep velocity is 6.7mm/s, and power is 1800W; Mode of motion is for moving axially, and the movement locus of laser beam is adjusted according to the profile of cam 2, keeps laser beam consistent to the distance on cam 2 surfaces; Cladding layer thickness is 1.5mm.Powder sending quantity is 35g/min.
6) check that there is the pore-free defects i.e.cracks on the cladding layer surface
7) camshaft after cladding is carried out to temper, prevent that thermal crack from producing, and removed internal stress simultaneously.
8) cladding layer is carried out to post-production, utilize the method for the mechanical workouts such as turning or grinding to remove unnecessary top layer, with this, guarantee the physical dimension of camshaft, make surfaceness reach assembling and job requirement, finished surface is answered the Glabrous thorn.
While 9) contacting with tappet due to cam, surface contact stress is larger, and cam face has not allowed any defect, so the camshaft surface needs through fluorescent inspection, this flaw detection is a kind of lossless detection method.
10) camshaft is carried out to surface cleaning, main is the cleaning of main oil gallery and the cleaning of oilhole, and what prevent that the foul such as iron filings is trapped in mail gallery holes takes the knot place, and camshaft dries up it and soaks upper slushing oil after cleaning, and carries out dust-proof working.
embodiment 3:
A kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface, carry out following steps:
1) at room temperature oil removal treatment is carried out in the camshaft surface;
2) select numerically-controlled machine as worktable;
3) prefabricated powder: the Ni-based ceramal power formulations of the selecting nickel that content is 16% titanium carbide, 0.6% carbon, 3% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), 4% silicon nitride, 15% chromium, 1.6% silicon, 5% iron, 17% molybdenum, 0.8% manganese, surplus by weight percentage and 5% Indium sesquioxide and rare earth.
4) camshaft 1 clamping is rotated on worktable and thereupon, the rotating speed of worktable is 400r/min, the high energy laser beam that diameter is 6mm (being hot spot), overlapping rate is 20%, synchronize and move axially with robot system by the optical-fiber laser producer, keep laser beam consistent to the distance on camshaft 1 surface, angle between laser beam and camshaft 1 surface is 85 °, coordinate rotatablely moving of camshaft 1, realize the together screw type accurate scanning of laser beam on camshaft 1 surface, sweep velocity is 8.3mm/s, in scanning process, the laser beam irradiation that is 2500W by power is to camshaft 1 surface, make camshaft 1 surface melting (the about 0.6mm of fusing thickness), the Ni-based ceramal powdered material fusing simultaneously the automatic synchronization powder feed system provided, in melting process, select nitrogen to be protected the fusing position, two portions liquid alloy is stirred in together, after laser beam leaves, the mixing liquid alloy is at room temperature by the air cooling rapid solidification, form one deck alloy cladding layer, cladding layer thickness is 1.6mm.Powder sending quantity is 40g/min.
5) when cladding is carried out on cam 2 surfaces in camshaft 1, because the profile at cam 2 " peach point " position is irregular, and cam 2 is again centrifugal member, so the working parameter in above-mentioned is made to following adjustment: the rotating speed of worktable is 350r/min, the high energy laser beam that diameter is 6mm (being hot spot), angle between laser beam and cam face is 85 °, and sweep velocity is 8.3mm/s, and power is 2300W; Mode of motion is for moving axially, and the movement locus of laser beam is adjusted according to the profile of cam 2, keeps laser beam consistent to the distance on cam 2 surfaces; Cladding layer thickness is 1.7mm.Powder sending quantity is 45g/min.
6) check that there is the pore-free defects i.e.cracks on the cladding layer surface
7) camshaft after cladding is carried out to temper, prevent that thermal crack from producing, and removed internal stress simultaneously.
8) cladding layer is carried out to post-production, utilize the method for the mechanical workouts such as turning or grinding to remove unnecessary top layer, with this, guarantee the physical dimension of camshaft, make surfaceness reach assembling and job requirement, finished surface is answered the Glabrous thorn.
While 9) contacting with tappet due to cam, surface contact stress is larger, and cam face has not allowed any defect, so the camshaft surface needs through fluorescent inspection, this flaw detection is a kind of lossless detection method.
10) camshaft is carried out to surface cleaning, main is the cleaning of main oil gallery and the cleaning of oilhole, and what prevent that the foul such as iron filings is trapped in mail gallery holes takes the knot place, and camshaft dries up it and soaks upper slushing oil after cleaning, and carries out dust-proof working.
Claims (10)
1. a method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface, described method is carried out the following step:
1) pre-treatment is carried out in the surface of camshaft;
2) Ni-based ceramal powder is adopted under the linear velocity condition of the square focus spot diameter of 4～6mm and 3～10mm/s 2000～3000W optical fiber laser by the powdered alloy cladding surface at camshaft, in cladding process, adopt rare gas element to be protected the cladding position, then at room temperature by air cooling, form one deck alloy cladding layer;
3) utilize the method for mechanical workout that the top layer of above-mentioned alloy cladding layer is removed and can be processed the camshaft of surface with alloy cladding layer.
2. a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: because camshaft is subject to torsion T and anchorage force F when working, so the laser beam employing is the processing trend of axial and spiral motion mode; When cam face is carried out to cladding, because the profile at cam " peach point " position is irregular, and cam is again centrifugal member, so the position of laser beam, parameter and movement locus all can be made corresponding adjustment according to the profile of cam, the angle of cut between laser beam and cam " peach point " surface is 70 °～85 °.
3. a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Ni-based ceramal power formulations content by weight percentage is: the Indium sesquioxide (In2O3) of the nickel of 10%～16% titanium carbide, 0.3%～0.6% carbon, 3%～5% Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), 4%～8% silicon nitride, 7%～15% chromium, 1.6%～2.8% silicon, 2%～5% iron, 8%～17% molybdenum, 0.8%～1.2% manganese, surplus and suitable proportion, rare earth (CeO2).
4. a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: through optical path modulation squarely hot spot, its feature is that energy comparison is even.
5. a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the speed of laser scanning is 6.7～8.3mm/s, overlapping rate is 10%～20%.
6. a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the automobile engine crankshaft surface as described in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described laser type is optical fiber, CO2, plasma etc., and the power of its laser apparatus is 2000W～5000W.
7. a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface as described in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the feed mode of Ni-based ceramal powder is the synchronous powder feeding system method.
8. a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rare gas element is chosen as nitrogen, argon gas or helium, and its effect is protected the cladding position.
9. a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cladding layer thickness is 0.5～2mm.
10. a kind of method of carrying out laser melting coating for the camshaft of car engine surface as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pre-treatment comprises greasy dirt and the impurity of removing the camshaft surface; The later stage machining is carried out on surface accuracy, physical dimension and not satisfactory surface to camshaft, makes it to reach work and matching requirements, and this working method is the precision work grinding process.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103953407A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-30 | 苏州工业园区职业技术学院 | Engine camshaft and preparation method thereof |
| CN104879179A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-02 | 扬州意得机械有限公司 | Engine cam and machining method thereof |
| CN112222423A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 佛山宇仁智能科技有限公司 | Additive manufacturing method for wear-resistant layer on surface of camshaft |
| CN114876603A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-09 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of high-speed high-power internal combustion engine camshaft |
| CN115044900A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-09-13 | 北京中康增材科技有限公司 | Remanufacturing process for diesel engine camshaft of mining heavy-duty vehicle |
| US11458572B2 (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2022-10-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Laser smoothing |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103953407A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-30 | 苏州工业园区职业技术学院 | Engine camshaft and preparation method thereof |
| CN104879179A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-02 | 扬州意得机械有限公司 | Engine cam and machining method thereof |
| CN104879179B (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2018-06-22 | 扬州意得机械有限公司 | A kind of engine cam and its processing method |
| US11458572B2 (en) | 2019-05-16 | 2022-10-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Laser smoothing |
| CN112222423A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-15 | 佛山宇仁智能科技有限公司 | Additive manufacturing method for wear-resistant layer on surface of camshaft |
| CN114876603A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-09 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of high-speed high-power internal combustion engine camshaft |
| CN114876603B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2023-10-10 | 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of high-speed high-power internal combustion engine camshaft |
| CN115044900A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-09-13 | 北京中康增材科技有限公司 | Remanufacturing process for diesel engine camshaft of mining heavy-duty vehicle |
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Application publication date: 20140108 |