CN114875216A - Bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process and push rod furnace - Google Patents
Bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process and push rod furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN114875216A CN114875216A CN202210541393.1A CN202210541393A CN114875216A CN 114875216 A CN114875216 A CN 114875216A CN 202210541393 A CN202210541393 A CN 202210541393A CN 114875216 A CN114875216 A CN 114875216A
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- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process and a push rod furnace, wherein the bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process comprises the following steps of: providing a push rod furnace, wherein the push rod furnace is provided with a feeding hole for feeding and a discharging hole for discharging, a plurality of chambers are sequentially communicated in the push rod furnace, and the chambers comprise high-temperature chambers; and sequentially pushing a plurality of workpieces into the high-temperature cavity according to a set period so as to push each workpiece in the high-temperature cavity to move towards the discharge port respectively, and finishing at least one heating cycle period when each workpiece is movably moved out of the discharge port, so as to obtain spheroidized workpieces. The invention aims to solve the problems of low production efficiency and high cost of the traditional spheroidizing annealing process for the bevel gear at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of automobile half-shaft bevel gear materials, in particular to a bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process and a push rod furnace.
Background
The automobile differential mainly comprises four planet gears, a cross shaft, two half shaft gears and the like, the left wheel and the right wheel of an automobile are driven to move at different rotating speeds by the automobile through the different rotating speeds of the planet gears and the half shaft gears, so that the different requirements of the wheels at two sides of the automobile during turning are met, the bevel gears are used as important component parts of the differential, the precision requirement is high, the existing main manufacturing method adopts a hot forging, isothermal annealing and cold finishing process, and the cold and hot composite process of the process causes large machining allowance of the follow-up machine, and the production efficiency of equipment is low.
In recent years, a closed cold forging forming process is researched, the bevel gear can be machined with less cutting and without cutting, the main manufacturing method is pre-upsetting (cold forging) + spheroidizing annealing + final forging (cold forging), the process has high requirements on spheroidizing annealing, and at present, the traditional spheroidizing annealing adopts a muffle furnace such as a shaft furnace or a trolley furnace to carry out a single-furnace frame-loading circulation mode, so that the production efficiency is low, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a spheroidizing annealing process for bevel gears and a push rod furnace, and aims to solve the problems of low production efficiency and high cost of the traditional spheroidizing annealing process for the bevel gears at present.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process, which comprises the following steps:
providing a push rod furnace, wherein the push rod furnace is provided with a feeding hole for feeding and a discharging hole for discharging, a plurality of chambers are sequentially communicated in the push rod furnace, and the chambers comprise high-temperature chambers;
and sequentially pushing a plurality of workpieces into the high-temperature cavity according to a set period so as to push each workpiece in the high-temperature cavity to move towards the discharge port respectively, and finishing at least one heating cycle period when each workpiece is movably moved out of the discharge port, so as to obtain spheroidized workpieces.
Optionally, before the step of sequentially pushing the plurality of workpieces into the high temperature chamber at set intervals, the method further includes:
acquiring the heating cycle period T;
acquiring the number A of stations of the high-temperature cavity;
and obtaining the set period t according to the T, A and a first preset relational expression, wherein the first preset relational expression is (A-1) t ═ nT, (n ≧ 2).
Optionally, the step of obtaining the heating cycle period T further includes:
acquiring workpiece parameter information;
and acquiring the heating cycle period T according to the parameter information.
Optionally, one of the heating cycle periods performed in the high temperature chamber includes:
adjusting the temperature of the high-temperature cavity to a first set temperature and maintaining the temperature for a first set time;
and adjusting the temperature of the high-temperature cavity to a second set temperature and maintaining the temperature for a second set time.
Optionally, the step of obtaining the number of workstations further comprises:
acquiring the total length L of the high-temperature cavity;
obtaining the length l of the workpiece;
and obtaining the number A of the workpieces according to the L and the L and a second preset relational expression, wherein the second preset relational expression is that A is multiplied by L.
Optionally, the step of providing a pusher oven further comprises:
the push rod furnace comprises a plurality of cavities, the cavities comprise a preheating cavity, a high-temperature cavity and a heat preservation cavity which are sequentially connected, a plurality of stations are arranged in each cavity, a plurality of cylinders are further arranged at inlet positions of the cavities, and the cylinders are arranged in a telescopic mode in the inlet directions close to and far away from the corresponding cavities.
Optionally, the step of sequentially pushing a plurality of workpieces into the high temperature chamber at set intervals so that each workpiece passes through the high temperature chamber and at least one heating cycle is completed, and the step of obtaining spheroidized workpieces further includes:
and adjusting the temperature of the preheating cavity to a second set temperature.
Optionally, the step of providing a pusher oven further comprises:
providing a push rod furnace, wherein the push rod furnace comprises at least four heat preservation cavities, and the four heat preservation cavities are sequentially arranged along the moving direction of the workpiece to form a first heat preservation cavity, a second heat preservation cavity, a third heat preservation cavity and a fourth heat preservation cavity;
pushing a plurality of workpieces into the high-temperature cavity at set intervals in sequence so that each workpiece at least completes one heating cycle period when passing through the high-temperature cavity, wherein the step of obtaining the spheroidized workpiece further comprises the following steps:
the temperature range of the first heat preservation cavity is adjusted to be 670-700 ℃, the temperature range of the second heat preservation cavity is adjusted to be 610-630 ℃, the temperature range of the third heat preservation cavity is adjusted to be 490-510 ℃, and the temperature range of the fourth heat preservation cavity is adjusted to be 290-310 ℃.
The present invention also provides a pusher furnace comprising:
the device comprises a main body, wherein a plurality of cavities are formed in the main body, the cavities comprise a preheating cavity, a high-temperature cavity, a quick-cooling cavity and a heat preservation cavity which are communicated, one end of the preheating cavity is communicated with the high-temperature cavity, the other end of the preheating cavity is connected with the heat preservation cavity to form a loop, a feed inlet for a workpiece to enter is formed in the position, close to the high-temperature cavity, of the preheating cavity, and a discharge outlet for discharging the workpiece is formed in the position, close to the heat preservation cavity, of the preheating cavity; and
and push rods of the cylinders extend into the chambers to push the workpieces to sequentially pass through the high-temperature chamber and the quick-cooling chamber from the preheating chamber to enter the heat-insulating chamber.
Optionally, the pusher furnace further comprises an air cooling cavity, and two ends of the air cooling cavity are respectively communicated with the heat preservation cavity and the preheating cavity;
the air cooling cavity is provided with a plurality of air cooling ports, and the plurality of air cooling ports are used for mounting a plurality of air cooling machines in one-to-one correspondence; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the push rod furnace further comprises a controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the plurality of air cylinders.
According to the technical scheme, the push rod furnace is provided with a feeding hole for feeding and a discharging hole for discharging, a plurality of chambers are sequentially communicated in the push rod furnace, and each chamber comprises a high-temperature chamber; a plurality of workpieces are sequentially pushed into the high-temperature cavity according to a set period so as to push the workpieces in the high-temperature cavity to respectively move towards the discharge hole, the temperature in the high-temperature cavity is adjusted according to the change of a heating cycle period, and each workpiece finishes at least one heating cycle period when being movably moved out of the discharge hole, the temperature of the high-temperature cavity is in a heating cycle period, so that the workpiece can move in the heating cavity, and carbide particles can be precipitated by continuously adjusting the temperature during the moving period to realize the spheroidizing annealing purpose, so, can be with a plurality of the work piece is followed the feed inlet constantly gets into, process the high temperature chamber is accomplished after the spheroidizing annealing follow the discharge gate shifts out, obtains the spheroidizing work piece, realizes spheroidizing annealing's scale continuous production, has promoted spheroidizing annealing's production efficiency, reduction in production cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a pusher furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of temperature change versus time for a first workpiece in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic picture (500X) of SAE 5120H-MM material after spheroidizing annealing.
The reference numbers illustrate:
| reference numerals | Name (R) | Reference numerals | Name(s) |
| 100 | Push rod furnace | 112 | |
| 1 | |
113 | Fast cooling cavity |
| 11 | |
114 | |
| 111 | Preheating |
115 | |
| 1111 | |
2 | |
| 1112 | |
3 | Controller |
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back … …) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components, the movement situation, and the like in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
In recent years, a closed cold forging forming process is researched, the bevel gear can be machined with less cutting and without cutting, the main manufacturing method is pre-upsetting (cold forging) + spheroidizing annealing + final forging (cold forging), the process has high requirements on spheroidizing annealing, and at present, the traditional spheroidizing annealing adopts a muffle furnace such as a shaft furnace or a trolley furnace to carry out a single-furnace frame-loading circulation mode, so that the production efficiency is low, and the cost is high.
In view of this, the present invention provides a pusher furnace, and fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the pusher furnace according to the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the pusher furnace 100 includes a main body 1 and a plurality of cylinders 2, a plurality of chambers 11 are formed in the main body 1, the plurality of chambers 11 include a preheating chamber 111, a high temperature chamber 112, a rapid cooling chamber 113 and a heat preservation chamber 114 which are communicated with each other, one end of the preheating chamber 111 is communicated with the high temperature chamber 112, and the other end is connected with the heat preservation chamber 114 to form a loop, a feed inlet 1111 for feeding a workpiece is opened at a position of the preheating chamber 111 close to the high temperature chamber 112, and a discharge outlet 1112 for discharging the workpiece is provided at a position of the preheating chamber 111 close to the heat preservation chamber 114; the push rods of the cylinders 2 extend into the chambers 11 to push the workpiece from the preheating chamber 111 to the heat preservation chamber 114 through the high temperature chamber 112 and the fast cooling chamber 113 in sequence.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the main body 1 comprises a plurality of chambers 11, each chamber 11 comprises a preheating cavity 111, a high-temperature cavity 112, a rapid cooling cavity 113 and a heat preservation cavity 114 which are communicated, a feed inlet 1111 for a workpiece to enter is formed in the position, close to the preheating cavity 111 and close to the high-temperature cavity 112, of the preheating cavity 111, and a discharge outlet 1112 for discharging the workpiece is formed in the position, close to the heat preservation cavity 114, of the preheating cavity 111; a plurality of the workpieces are pushed into the preheating chamber 111 from the feed port 1111 in sequence according to a set period, and then the plurality of the workpieces are preheated in the preheating chamber 111 and move towards the heating chamber in a set period, after entering the high temperature chamber 112, the temperature in the high temperature chamber 112 is changed according to the temperature change of the heating cycle period, so that carbide is precipitated and spheroidized in the repeated process of dissolution and precipitation of lamellar pearlite in the plurality of the workpieces; and moving the workpiece to the isothermal cavity, so that spheroidized carbides precipitated in the workpieces are uniformly distributed in each workpiece, the properties of the workpieces are more stable, and because the temperature in the heat preservation cavity 114 is lower than the temperature in the high temperature cavity 112, in order to enable the workpieces to adapt to the temperature in the heat preservation cavity 114 when entering the heat preservation cavity 114, a rapid cooling cavity 113 is arranged between the heat preservation cavity 114 and the high temperature cavity 112, so that the workpieces removed from the high temperature cavity 112 are rapidly cooled and then enter the heat preservation cavity 114, and the effect that the properties of the workpieces are more stable due to heat preservation cannot be realized because the workpieces enter the heat preservation cavity 114 because the temperature is too high is avoided. Therefore, a plurality of workpieces enter the feeding hole 1111 in a set period, are pushed by the corresponding air cylinder 2 in the set period, and are sequentially preheated, high-temperature and quickly cooled to be heat-preserved, so that the large-scale continuous production of spheroidizing annealing is completed, the spheroidizing rate is up to 5-6 levels, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost is low.
In order to cool down the plurality of workpieces removed from the holding furnace for easy removal from the discharge port 1112, in this embodiment, the pusher furnace 100 further includes an air-cooling chamber 115, and two ends of the air-cooling chamber 115 are respectively communicated with the holding chamber 114 and the preheating chamber 111; the air cooling cavity 115 is provided with a plurality of air cooling ports which are distributed at intervals along the extending direction of the air cooling cavity 115, and the air cooling ports are used for installing a plurality of air cooling machines in a one-to-one correspondence manner, so that after the workpieces can be pushed into the air cooling cavity 115 from the heat preservation cavity 114 by the corresponding push rods, the workpieces are blown by the air cooling machines along with the movement of the workpieces in the air cooling cavity 115, and the temperature of the workpieces is reduced.
It should be noted that, a radiation tube is installed in the high temperature cavity 112, the radiation tube is used for heating the high temperature cavity 112, a heating wire is installed in the heat preservation cavity 114, the heating wire is used for heating the heat preservation cavity 114, the temperature in the heating cavity is higher than the temperature in the heat preservation cavity 114, and the heating temperature of the radiation tube is higher than the heating temperature of the heating wire, so that the radiation tube is installed in the high temperature cavity 112, and the heating wire is installed in the isothermal cavity.
In order to realize automation, in this embodiment, the pusher furnace 100 further includes a controller 3, the controller 3 is electrically connected to the plurality of cylinders 2, the controller 3 includes a storage medium for controlling a temperature change in the high temperature cavity 112, the storage medium includes a control program for controlling a temperature in the high temperature cavity 112 to change periodically with a heating cycle and controlling the plurality of pushers to push out the workpiece in the corresponding cavity 11, the control program is a conventional setting, and is not limited herein, so that automatic production can be realized, production efficiency is improved, and cost is reduced.
It should be noted that, in order to protect the workpiece, in this embodiment, the pusher furnace 100 further includes a material frame, and the material frame is movably disposed in the plurality of chambers 11; the material frame further comprises a frame body and a cover body, a placing cavity is formed in the frame body and used for placing the workpiece, and the cover body is arranged on a cavity opening of the placing cavity in a covering mode; will the work piece is followed when feed inlet 1111 enters, will earlier the work piece is put into place in the chamber, will again the apron covers place the accent in chamber, the week side of framework is the fretwork setting, conveniently carries out the slow cooling to the work piece.
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the present invention further provides a bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process, including the following steps:
s10, providing a push rod furnace, wherein the push rod furnace is provided with a feeding hole for feeding and a discharging hole for discharging, a plurality of chambers are sequentially communicated with the push rod furnace, and the chambers comprise high-temperature chambers;
and S20, sequentially pushing a plurality of workpieces into the high-temperature cavity according to a set period so as to push each workpiece in the high-temperature cavity to move towards the discharge port respectively, and completing at least one heating cycle period when each workpiece is movably moved out of the discharge port, so as to obtain spheroidized workpieces.
According to the technical scheme, the push rod furnace is provided with a feeding hole for feeding and a discharging hole for discharging, a plurality of chambers are sequentially communicated in the push rod furnace, and each chamber comprises a high-temperature chamber; a plurality of workpieces are sequentially pushed into the high-temperature cavity according to a set period so as to push the workpieces in the high-temperature cavity to respectively move towards the discharge hole, the temperature in the high-temperature cavity is adjusted according to the change of a heating cycle period, and each workpiece finishes at least one heating cycle period when being movably moved out of the discharge hole, the temperature of the high-temperature cavity is in a heating cycle period, so that the workpiece can move in the heating cavity, and carbide particles can be precipitated by continuously adjusting the temperature during the moving period to realize the spheroidizing annealing purpose, so, can be with a plurality of the work piece is followed the feed inlet constantly gets into, process the high temperature chamber is accomplished after the spheroidizing annealing follow the discharge gate shifts out, obtains the spheroidizing work piece, realizes spheroidizing annealing's scale continuous production, has promoted spheroidizing annealing's production efficiency, reduction in production cost.
In this embodiment, step S10 is preceded by the step of:
s00, padding a steel mesh into the bottom of the frame body, loading a workpiece into the frame body, and covering the cover body;
will the work piece is placed into in the material frame, the part of framework week side fretwork is convenient right the work piece carries out slow cooling, and the steel net piece is filled up into to the framework bottom, conveniently takes out the work piece will the work piece is put into the material frame is shelved, and the work piece needs to be corresponded the cylinder promotes, consequently the material frame is right the work piece has played good guard action, improves the stability can of work piece.
In this embodiment, step S20 is preceded by the step of:
s101, acquiring the heating cycle period T;
s102, acquiring the number A of stations of the high-temperature cavity;
and S103, obtaining the set period t according to the T, A and a first preset relational expression, wherein the first preset relational expression is (A-1) t-nT, and n is more than or equal to 2.
It should be noted that, the number of stations a is determined by the length of the high temperature chamber, and is not limited herein, the heating cycle period T is determined by the properties of the workpiece, and is not limited herein, and in the technical requirements, the nodularity and hardness are direct plastic indexes, when the plastic deformation is greater than 80%, the nodularity is 5-6 grade, the plastic deformation is less than or equal to 80%, and the nodularity is 4-6 grade (JB-T5074), and the set period T can be adjusted according to the material characteristics, the product size and the technical requirements: for the material characteristics of the product, the hypoeutectoid steel can be adjusted to 70-90 minutes according to the content of the alloy elements, and the eutectoid steel and the hypereutectoid steel can be adjusted to 50-75 minutes according to the content of the alloy elements; for the size of the product, the effective thickness of the product is below 20mm and can be adjusted to 60-75 minutes, between 20-40mm and 75-90 minutes, and above 40mm and can be adjusted to 90-100 minutes; in this embodiment, t is typically 75 minutes, i.e., one workpiece is advanced into the preheat chamber every 75 minutes, and all of the workpieces are advanced into one station every 75 minutes.
The step 101 further comprises the steps of:
s1011, acquiring workpiece parameter information;
and S1012, acquiring the heating cycle period T according to the parameter information.
The heating cycle period for different material properties is different, and is not limited herein, and in the present embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the heating cycle period T is 460 minutes to 500 minutes, specifically 480 minutes.
The step S20 further includes:
s21, adjusting the temperature of the high-temperature cavity to a first set temperature and maintaining the temperature for a first set time;
and S22, adjusting the temperature of the high-temperature cavity to a second set temperature and maintaining the temperature for a second set time.
Specifically, in this embodiment, taking the workpiece entering the high temperature chamber first as an example, after 180 minutes from the entry of the workpiece into the high temperature chamber, the temperature of the high temperature chamber is adjusted to be in the range of Ar1-20 to Ar1-30 ℃ (Ar1 is the temperature at which austenite is decomposed into ferrite and pearlite when the steel is cooled after austenitizing at high temperature), which is 690 ± 10 ℃. The temperature of the high-temperature hearth is slowly reduced, and the high-temperature hearth is cooled to the specified temperature at the speed of 20-30 ℃/h and then is insulated.
Continuing to refer to fig. 3, after the temperature in the high-temperature cavity is adjusted to decrease by 690 ± 10 ℃, and the total holding time and the adjusting time is 300 minutes, the temperature of the high-temperature cavity is adjusted to be Ac1+ 20-Ac 1+30 ℃ (Ac1 is the temperature at which austenite begins to form when steel is heated), and the specific temperature here is 790 ± 10 ℃, and the process is not limited to the heating speed; therefore, the work is repeatedly circulated in the process of forming austenite and in the process of decomposing austenite into ferrite and pearlite, and the spheroidization process can be completed to obtain the work with the spheroidization rate and hardness satisfying the requirements.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the workpieces have to pass through at least two heating cycle periods T, so three heating cycle periods T need to be set, that is, the first workpiece needs to pass through three heating cycle periods T, so as to ensure that the remaining incoming workpieces can pass through two heating cycle periods T.
The step S102 further includes:
s1021, acquiring the total length L of the high-temperature cavity;
s1022, obtaining the length l of the workpiece;
and S1023, obtaining the number A of the workpieces according to the L and the L and a second preset relational expression, wherein the second preset relational expression is that A is multiplied by L.
In this embodiment, the length of the high temperature chamber may be specifically adjusted by an operator according to different requirements, in this embodiment, the number a of the workpieces is a multiple of the total length of the high temperature chamber relative to the length of the workpieces, and similarly, the numbers of the preheating chamber and the heat preservation chamber may be obtained by using the second preset relational expression.
In this embodiment, the step S10 further includes:
s11, a push rod furnace is improved, the push rod furnace comprises a plurality of cavities, the cavities comprise a preheating cavity, a high-temperature cavity and a heat preservation cavity which are sequentially connected, a plurality of stations are arranged in each cavity, a plurality of cylinders are further arranged at the inlet of each cavity, and the cylinders are arranged in a telescopic mode in the inlet direction close to and far away from the corresponding cavity.
The step S20 is preceded by:
s201, adjusting the temperature of the preheating cavity to a second set temperature.
Specifically, the temperature of the preheating cavity is adjusted to Ar 1-20-Ar 1-30 ℃, so that austenite can be decomposed into ferrite and pearlite when the workpiece is preheated.
In this embodiment, the step S10 further includes:
s12, providing a push rod furnace, wherein the push rod furnace comprises at least four heat preservation cavities, and the four heat preservation cavities are sequentially arranged along the moving direction of the workpiece to form a first heat preservation cavity, a second heat preservation cavity, a third heat preservation cavity and a fourth heat preservation cavity;
the step S20 further includes:
s23, adjusting the temperature range of the first heat preservation cavity to 670-700 ℃, specifically 680 ℃, adjusting the temperature range of the second heat preservation cavity to 610-630 ℃, specifically 620 ℃, adjusting the temperature range of the third heat preservation cavity to 490-510 ℃, specifically 500 ℃, and adjusting the temperature range of the fourth heat preservation cavity to 290-310 ℃, specifically 300 ℃.
Through will first heat preservation chamber, third heat preservation chamber and fourth heat preservation chamber set to the gradient formula change, conveniently right the work piece keeps warm, stabilize even spheroidized the work piece, and can let the work piece stably cools down, please refer to figure 4 for even spheroidization the work piece metallographic picture, specifically be the metallographic picture after SAE 5120H-MM material spheroidizing annealing.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
providing a push rod furnace, wherein the push rod furnace is provided with a feeding hole for feeding and a discharging hole for discharging, a plurality of chambers are sequentially communicated in the push rod furnace, and the chambers comprise high-temperature chambers;
and sequentially pushing a plurality of workpieces into the high-temperature cavity according to a set period so as to push each workpiece in the high-temperature cavity to move towards the discharge port respectively, and finishing at least one heating cycle period when each workpiece is movably moved out of the discharge port, so as to obtain spheroidized workpieces.
2. The bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process according to claim 1, wherein the step of sequentially pushing a plurality of workpieces into the high temperature chamber at set intervals further comprises:
acquiring the heating cycle period T;
acquiring the number A of stations of the high-temperature cavity;
and obtaining the set period t according to the T, A and a first preset relational expression, wherein the first preset relational expression is (A-1) t ═ nT, (n ≧ 2).
3. The bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process of claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the heating cycle period T further comprises:
acquiring workpiece parameter information;
and acquiring the heating cycle period T according to the parameter information.
4. The bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process of claim 2, wherein one cycle of the heating cycle performed in the high temperature chamber comprises:
adjusting the temperature of the high-temperature cavity to a first set temperature and maintaining the temperature for a first set time;
and adjusting the temperature of the high-temperature cavity to a second set temperature and maintaining the temperature for a second set time.
5. The bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process of claim 4, wherein the step of obtaining the number of stations further comprises:
acquiring the total length L of the high-temperature cavity;
obtaining the length l of the workpiece;
and obtaining the number A of the workpieces according to the L, the L and a second preset relational expression, wherein the second preset relational expression is that A is multiplied by L.
6. The bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process according to claim 1, wherein the step of providing a pusher furnace further comprises:
the push rod furnace comprises a plurality of cavities, the cavities comprise a preheating cavity, a high-temperature cavity and a heat preservation cavity which are sequentially connected, a plurality of stations are arranged in each cavity, a plurality of cylinders are further arranged at inlet positions of the cavities, and the cylinders are arranged in a telescopic mode in the inlet directions close to and far away from the corresponding cavities.
7. The bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of workpieces are sequentially pushed into the high temperature chamber at a set interval so that each of the workpieces completes at least one heating cycle while passing through the high temperature chamber, and the step of obtaining spheroidized workpieces further comprises:
and adjusting the temperature of the preheating cavity to a second set temperature.
8. The bevel gear spheroidizing annealing process of claim 6, wherein the step of providing a pusher furnace further comprises:
providing a push rod furnace, wherein the push rod furnace comprises at least four heat preservation cavities, and the four heat preservation cavities are sequentially arranged along the moving direction of the workpiece to form a first heat preservation cavity, a second heat preservation cavity, a third heat preservation cavity and a fourth heat preservation cavity;
pushing a plurality of workpieces into the high-temperature cavity at set time intervals in sequence so as to at least finish a heating cycle period when each workpiece passes through the high-temperature cavity, wherein the step of obtaining the spheroidized workpieces further comprises the following steps:
the temperature range of the first heat preservation cavity is adjusted to be 670-700 ℃, the temperature range of the second heat preservation cavity is adjusted to be 610-630 ℃, the temperature range of the third heat preservation cavity is adjusted to be 490-510 ℃, and the temperature range of the fourth heat preservation cavity is adjusted to be 290-310 ℃.
9. A pusher bar furnace, characterized in that the pusher bar furnace comprises:
the device comprises a main body, wherein a plurality of cavities are formed in the main body, the cavities comprise a preheating cavity, a high-temperature cavity, a quick-cooling cavity and a heat preservation cavity which are communicated, one end of the preheating cavity is communicated with the high-temperature cavity, the other end of the preheating cavity is connected with the heat preservation cavity to form a loop, a feed inlet for a workpiece to enter is formed in the position, close to the high-temperature cavity, of the preheating cavity, and a discharge outlet for discharging the workpiece is formed in the position, close to the heat preservation cavity, of the preheating cavity; and
and push rods of the cylinders extend into the chambers to push the workpieces to sequentially pass through the high-temperature chamber and the quick-cooling chamber from the preheating chamber to enter the heat-insulating chamber.
10. The pusher furnace of claim 9, further comprising an air-cooled chamber, wherein both ends of the air-cooled chamber are respectively communicated with the heat-preserving chamber and the preheating chamber;
the air cooling cavity is provided with a plurality of air cooling ports, and the plurality of air cooling ports are used for mounting a plurality of air cooling machines in one-to-one correspondence; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the push rod furnace further comprises a controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the plurality of air cylinders.
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