CN114874609A - High-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114874609A CN114874609A CN202210214570.5A CN202210214570A CN114874609A CN 114874609 A CN114874609 A CN 114874609A CN 202210214570 A CN202210214570 A CN 202210214570A CN 114874609 A CN114874609 A CN 114874609A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material and a preparation method thereof, and the high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-90 parts of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG), 7.5-30 parts of polyhydric alcohol, 0.5-2.5 parts of isocyanate, 0-60 parts of Butyl Methacrylate (BMA), 0-60 parts of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA), 0-1 part of initiator, 20-40 parts of foam stabilizer, 0.05-0.5 part of MAX phase ceramic and 10-20 parts of piezoelectric ceramic. The preparation method comprises the following steps: self-assembling piezoelectric ceramics and Mxenes; mixing polytetramethylene glycol, polyol, isocyanate, BMA, MMA and an initiator to prepare a polyurethane IPN matrix; and then pre-polymerizing the self-assembly mixture of the polyurethane IPN matrix and the piezoelectric ceramics/Mxenes and a foam stabilizer, and then blending, foaming, molding and polarizing to obtain the high-damping intelligent damping sheet material of the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramics/Mxenes. Compared with the prior art, the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material has the characteristic of high damping, and the application of the assembled ballastless track in the environment with vibration damping requirements is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of polymer composite materials, and particularly relates to a material preparation method of an assembly type ballastless track high-damping intelligent vibration damping pad accessory.
Background
In railway and track traffic, the ballast track and the ballastless track can be judged according to whether a gravel ballast bed exists on a track base or not. The ballastless track adopts concrete and asphalt as a track bed foundation to transfer dynamic and static loads of a train during running. The ballastless track has the advantages that the ballastless track does not have, and most notably, the ballastless track has good long-term stability so as to be in service for a long time when the train runs at a high speed. However, in general technology, the construction and maintenance of the ballastless track are not automated, so that extra cost is required for production and maintenance, and the defects left during construction can cause hidden troubles for the service life, so that the defects need to be compensated at high cost.
With the development of the times, the mileage of high-speed rail transit and the mileage of urban rail transit are increased year by year, and accordingly, the maintenance requirement of ballastless tracks and the requirement of laying new tracks are greatly improved. However, according to recent literature reports, in order to adapt to more convenient urban rail transit construction, a prefabricated assembly plate type ballastless track system suitable for urban rail transit is introduced. The system has the advantages of higher prefabrication precision, better quality, high efficiency of mechanized construction, on-site track laying, short construction period and the like. Different from the process of a cast-in-place track bed, the assembly and the upgrade of the vibration damping workpiece can be quickly realized according to the vibration damping requirement when the track is prefabricated, and the application flexibility of the vibration damping material in the track traffic application is improved. In a novel assembly type ballastless track structure, a damping pad is designed between a self-compacting concrete cushion and a base, the thickness of the damping layer is 30mm, polyurethane foam is generally used as a material, and the damping layer is made of a rubber material with a conical protruding structure.
Under the background of the development of rail transit engineering and science and the increasing requirements for quality of life of people, the demand for reducing noise generated by high-speed operation of rail transit tools is gradually increased. On one hand, in long-distance railway traffic, when the ballastless track is used, the running speed of a train is higher, and meanwhile, noise caused by the ballastless track causes interference to the ecological environment beside the track and the life of rural residents to a certain extent; on the other hand, in short-distance urban rail transit, due to the fact that the track laying environment is complex, the urban environment is more sensitive to noise indexes, and the requirements of construction of urban rail transit on vibration reduction and noise reduction are higher. Meanwhile, the fatigue failure of the ballastless track not only causes continuous stress caused by the traveling of most of driving trains, but also causes cyclic stress caused by mechanical vibration in the running process of the trains, the cyclic stress can accelerate the generation of fatigue cracks, and the strong vibration can also cause the risk of loosening of assembly components, so that the cost of railway maintenance is increased, and the service life of the track is shortened.
Therefore, providing an intelligent vibration damping material with high damping for a corresponding vibration damping pad fitting under a novel assembly type ballastless track technology is one of the technical problems to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the corresponding field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
30-90 parts of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG), 7.5-30 parts of polyhydric alcohol, 0.5-2.5 parts of isocyanate, 0-60 parts of Butyl Methacrylate (BMA), 0-60 parts of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA), 0.2-1 part of initiator, 20-40 parts of foam stabilizer, 0.05-0.5 part of MAX phase ceramic and 10-20 parts of piezoelectric ceramic.
Further preferably, the high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-80 parts of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG), 15-25 parts of polyhydric alcohol, 1-2 parts of isocyanate, 20-40 parts of Butyl Methacrylate (BMA), 20-40 parts of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA), 0.2-0.6 part of initiator, 30-35 parts of foam stabilizer, 0.1-0.2 part of MAX phase ceramic and 15-18 parts of piezoelectric ceramic.
Further, the piezoelectric ceramic is high lead titanate ceramic (PZT) with the grain size of 300nm-1000 nm;
further, the initiator is an azo initiator.
Further, the MAX phase ceramic is Ti 2 AlC ceramic particles.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material, wherein Mxenes are used as a conductive phase, ceramic particles are used as a piezoelectric phase, polyurethane interpenetrating cross-linked network foam is used as a polyurethane IPN matrix, and the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material is obtained by self-assembling the Mxenes on the piezoelectric ceramic and then compounding the piezoelectric ceramic and the matrix.
Further, the mxexes self-assemble on piezoelectric ceramics as follows:
(1) preparation of mxeenes 2D sheets: adding MAX phase ceramic into NH 4 F and H 2 SO 4 Stirring for 20-30 h, and thenWashing with deionized water, centrifuging, and removing supernatant to obtain washed mixed solution with pH of 5-7;
(2) stripping mxeenes 2D slices: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) for 1-3 h, carrying out centrifugal treatment for 10-30 min after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, taking the upper-layer turbid solution as a stripped Mxenes2D sheet layer aqueous solution, and sealing and storing;
(3) mxeenes self-assembly: and (3) adding deionized water into the piezoelectric ceramic particles, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30-6 min, adding the Mxenes2D sheet layer aqueous solution stripped in the step (2), stirring the mixed solution for 2-10 h to complete self-assembly, and sealing and storing to obtain the piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes assembly suspension.
Further, NH in step (1) 4 F and H 2 SO 4 The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 1-3: 10-24; the centrifugation speed is 8000-10000 rad/min;
the speed of centrifugation in the step (2) is 2000-4000 rad/min;
the mass ratio of the piezoelectric ceramics to the deionized water to the Mxenes2D lamellar water solution in the step (3) is as follows: 10-20: 20-50:10-20.
Further, the preparation method of the polyurethane IPN matrix comprises the following steps:
a) primary blending: weighing the polytetramethylene glycol, the polyol and the isocyanate according to the mixture ratio, and blending for 20-30 min;
b) and (3) secondary blending: weighing butyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate according to the proportion, and blending with the mixed solution in the step a) for 20-30 min;
c) three times of IPN blending: adding an initiator into the blending liquid obtained in the step b), blending for 10min-20min, sealing and storing to obtain the polyurethane IPN matrix solution.
Further, the high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material is prepared by the following method:
i) pre-polymerization: keeping the temperature of the polyurethane IPN matrix solution at 70-80 ℃ for 4-8 h to complete prepolymerization;
ii) four compound blends: mixing the piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes assembly suspension and the pre-polymerized blending liquid in the step i) in a ratio of 1: 100-20: 100, adding 20-40 parts by mass of foam stabilizer CGY-3, stirring and foaming, pouring into a mold, and closing the mold;
iii) final polymerization: after die assembly, keeping the temperature for 10 to 14 hours at the temperature of between 120 and 150 ℃;
iv) cooling: opening the die, and cooling the damping sheet material for 1-2 h at room temperature;
v) polarization: and (4) carrying out polarization treatment on the piezoelectric damping composite material obtained in the step iv) to finally obtain the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high-damping intelligent damping sheet material.
The polarization treatment comprises the following steps: copper electrodes are pasted on two sides of the surface of the piezoelectric damping composite material, and polarization is carried out for 30min at the temperature of 60 ℃ in the environment of silicone oil at the voltage of 3kv/mm-5 kv/mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the polymer-based vibration damping composite material, the piezoelectric damping material has the unique advantages of an intelligent vibration damping material, and firstly, the piezoelectric damping material consists of a polymer matrix, piezoelectric ceramics and a conductive phase, the piezoelectric ceramics particles generate electric charges on the lower surface of a vibration load, and the conductive phase in the composite material transmits electrons to form a conductive path. Meanwhile, in the application of the ballastless track vibration damping pad, the piezoelectric composite material can be used as a sensor to detect incoming vibration, and the defects and fatigue degree of adjacent components can be diagnosed according to the change of the vibration, so that the intellectualization of the vibration damping material is realized in a real sense, and the maintenance and detection cost of the ballastless track is reduced to a certain extent.
Mxenes as a 2D material has the characteristics of excellent electromagnetic property, high specific surface area, adsorbability and the like, and can be used as a filler to prepare a high-performance intelligent polymer-based composite material, so that the aspects of high polymer, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, mechanical property, flame retardance and the like, are improved. Meanwhile, because a large number of active ends exist in the process that MAX is etched by HF, the interface of Mxenes and a polymer matrix is well combined, and the layer space is adjusted, so that favorable conditions are provided for preparing a polymer/Mxenes composite material.
According to the invention, Mxenes are used as a conductive phase, PZT ceramic particles are used as a piezoelectric phase, polyurethane interpenetrating cross-linked network foam is used as an intelligent vibration-damping piezoelectric damping composite material of a matrix, and through self-assembly of Mxenes on the piezoelectric ceramic, the surface electron transmission and specific surface area of the piezoelectric ceramic after loading are improved, meanwhile, the combination interface of the particles and a polymer matrix is improved, particle agglomeration is prevented, and the distribution of the piezoelectric phase in the matrix is optimized, so that the overall damping performance is improved, and the application of the assembled ballastless track in vibration-damping-demand environment with vibration-damping pads is expanded.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the self-assembly of Mxenes on piezoelectric ceramics according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart for manufacturing the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the loss factor of the high damping intelligent damping sheet material of polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramics/Mxenes;
FIG. 4 is the storage modulus of polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material;
FIG. 5 shows the loss modulus of the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention relating to the preparation of IPN substrates and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, the loss factor of the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/mxexens high damping intelligent damping sheet material of the obtained example is shown in fig. 3, the storage modulus of the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/mxexens high damping intelligent damping sheet material of the obtained example is shown in fig. 4, the loss modulus of the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/mxexens high damping intelligent damping sheet material of the obtained example is shown in fig. 5, and the loss factor at the characteristic temperature of the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/mxexens high damping intelligent damping sheet material of the obtained example is compared with table 1. The embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited to the following implementation examples.
The invention provides a preparation method of a polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, the piezoelectric ceramics/Mxenes self-assembly is shown in figure 1:
(1) preparation of mxeenes 2D sheets: adding MAX phase (Ti) according to the proportion 2 AlC) ceramic, 0.5mol-1.5mol of NH is required to be added 4 F with 5mol to 12mol of H 2 SO 4 In which HF (hydrofluoric acid) and Ti are in situ 2 Molar ratio of AlC 9: stirring for 20-30 h, then washing with deionized water, centrifuging at 8000-10000rad/min, and pouring out supernatant until the pH value of the mixed solution is 5-7;
(2) stripping mxeenes 2D slices: subjecting the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) to ultrasonic treatment for 1-3 h, subjecting the mixed solution to centrifugal treatment at 4000rad/min for 10-30 min after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, taking the upper-layer turbid solution as the stripped Mxenes2D sheet aqueous solution, and sealing and storing;
(3) mxeenes self-assembly: adding 10-20 parts by mass of piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) particles according to a ratio, requiring adding 20-50 parts by mass of deionized water for ultrasonic dispersion for 30-6 min, simultaneously requiring adding 10-20 parts by mass of the aqueous solution of the Mxenes2D sheet layer stripped in the step (2), finally requiring stirring the mixed solution for 2-10 h to complete self-assembly, and sealing and storing.
Secondly, preparing a polyurethane IPN matrix as shown in figure 2
(4) Primary blending: weighing the polytetramethylene glycol, the polyol and the isocyanate according to the proportion, and blending for 20-30 min;
(5) and (3) secondary blending: weighing butyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate according to the proportion, and blending with the blending liquid in the step (4) for 20-30 min;
(6) three times of IPN blending: adding the liquid blended in the step (5) into an initiator, blending for 10min-20min, and sealing and storing.
Preparation of polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material
(7) Pre-polymerization: preserving the heat of the blending liquid obtained in the step (6) at 70-80 ℃ for 4-8 h to complete prepolymerization;
(8) four times of composite blending: and (3) mixing the suspension liquid self-assembled in the step (3) and the pre-polymerized blending liquid in the step (7) in a ratio of 1: 100-20: 100, adding 20-40 parts by mass of foam stabilizer CGY-3, stirring and foaming, pouring into a mold, and closing the mold;
(9) final polymerization: keeping the temperature for 10-14 h at 120-150 ℃ after die assembly;
(10) and (3) cooling: cooling the damping sheet material for 1-2 h at room temperature after the die is opened;
(11) polarization: and (3) pasting copper electrodes on two sides of the surface of the piezoelectric damping composite material obtained in the step (10), and polarizing for 30min at the temperature of 60 ℃ in the environment of silicone oil at the voltage of 3kv/mm-5 kv/mm. Finally obtaining the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material.
Specific examples are as follows, and in the following examples, the components are used in amounts of parts by weight unless otherwise specified.
Comparative example 1
1) Weighing 20g of PZT ceramic particles, adding 50g of deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a suspension, and sealing for later use.
2) Weighing 41g of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG), 7.5g of glycerol, 0.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI), PTMEG and glycerol monomer; heating diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI) monomer to 60 ℃ until the monomer is melted into colorless transparent liquid, and blending the three monomers to obtain PU for later use.
3) Weighing Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) monomer, Butyl Methacrylate (BMA) monomer and Polyurethane (PU) in the step 2) according to the mass ratio of PU to BMA to MMA to be 1 to 2 to 1, wherein 25g of PU, 50g of BMA and 25g of MMA. MMA and BMA monomers are blended, 0.15g of Azobenzene (AIBN) is required to be added as an initiator, and the mixture is heated in an oil bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ until the monomer mixture presents viscous oily liquid for standby.
4) Preserving the temperature of the blend in the step 3) at 70-80 ℃ for more than 4h to complete primary polymerization, and then adding the suspension in the step 1), wherein the mass ratio of the suspension to the primary polymer is 20: 100, adding 35g of foam stabilizer CGY-3, stirring and foaming, pouring into a mold, closing the mold and putting into an oven.
5) Keeping the temperature at 120-140 ℃ for 14h to finish final polymerization, and cooling at room temperature for 2h after opening the mold.
6) Attaching copper electrodes to two sides of the material obtained in the step 5), and polarizing for 30min at 60 ℃ in a silicone oil environment by a 4kv/mm polarization system to obtain a comparative example material 1.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 0.5g Ti 2 Adding 1mol NH4F and 9mol concentrated sulfuric acid into AlC ceramic particles, and stirring in a plastic beaker in a ventilated environment for 24 hours; the mixture was then washed with deionized water, centrifuged at 10000rad/min for 15min, the supernatant decanted and fresh deionized water added. Six centrifugation operations were repeated in this manner.
2) Further, the washed mixture was sonicated for 1h and then the Mxenes2D sheet was peeled off, followed by centrifugation at 3500rad/min for 30min and supernatant removal to give an aqueous solution of the Mxenes2D sheet.
3) Weighing 20g of ceramic Particles (PZT), adding 50 parts of deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a suspension, adding 10g of the aqueous solution of the Mxenes2D sheet layer obtained in the step 2), stirring for 10h to realize self-assembly, obtaining a mixed suspension after the self-assembly, and sealing for later use.
4) Weighing 41g of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG), 7.5g of glycerol, 0.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI), PTMEG and glycerol monomer; heating diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI) monomer to 60 ℃ until the monomer is melted into colorless transparent liquid, and blending the three monomers to obtain PU for later use.
5) Weighing Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) monomer, Butyl Methacrylate (BMA) monomer and Polyurethane (PU) in the step 4) according to the mass ratio of PU to BMA to MMA to be 1 to 2 to 1, wherein 25g of PU, 50g of BMA and 25g of MMA. MMA and BMA monomers are blended, 0.15g of Azobenzene (AIBN) is required to be added as an initiator, and the mixture is heated in an oil bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ until the monomer mixture presents viscous oily liquid for standby.
6) Preserving the temperature of the blend in the step 5) for more than 4 hours at 70-80 ℃ to complete primary polymerization, and then adding the suspension in the step 3), wherein the mass ratio of the suspension to the primary polymer is 20: 100, adding 35g of foam stabilizer CGY-3, stirring and foaming, pouring into a mold, closing the mold and putting into an oven.
7) Keeping the temperature at 120-140 ℃ for 14h to finish final polymerization, and cooling at room temperature for 2h after opening the mold.
8) Copper electrodes are attached to two sides of the material obtained in the step 5), and polarization is carried out for 30min at 60 ℃ in a silicon oil environment by a 4kv/mm polarization system, so as to obtain the material 1 of the embodiment.
Example 2
A preparation method of a high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 0.5g of Ti2AlC ceramic particles, adding 1mol of NH4F and 9mol of concentrated sulfuric acid, and stirring in a plastic beaker in a ventilated environment for 24 hours; the mixture was then washed with deionized water, centrifuged at 10000rad/min for 15min, the supernatant decanted and fresh deionized water added. Six centrifugation operations were repeated in this manner.
2) Further, the washed mixture was sonicated for 1h and then the Mxenes2D sheet was peeled off, followed by centrifugation at 3500rad/min for 30min and supernatant removal to give an aqueous solution of the Mxenes2D sheet.
3) Weighing 20g of ceramic particles, adding 50g of deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a suspension, adding 15g of the aqueous solution of the Mxenes2D sheet layer obtained in the step 2), stirring for 10h to realize self-assembly, obtaining a mixed suspension after the self-assembly, and sealing for later use.
4) Weighing 41g of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG), 7.5g of glycerol, 0.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI), PTMEG and glycerol monomer; diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI) monomer was heated to 60 ℃ until it melted to a colorless transparent liquid. The three monomers are blended for use.
5) Weighing Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) monomer, Butyl Methacrylate (BMA) monomer and Polyurethane (PU) in the step 4) according to the mass ratio of PU to BMA to MMA to be 1 to 2 to 1, wherein 25g of PU, 50g of BMA and 25g of MMA. MMA and BMA monomers are blended, 0.15g of Azobenzene (AIBN) is required to be added as an initiator, and the mixture is heated in an oil bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ until the monomer mixture presents viscous oily liquid for standby.
6) Preserving the temperature of the blend in the step 5) for more than 4 hours at 70-80 ℃ to complete primary polymerization, and then adding the suspension in the step 3), wherein the mass ratio of the suspension to the primary polymer is 20: 100, adding 35g of foam stabilizer CGY-3, stirring and foaming, pouring into a mold, closing the mold and putting into an oven.
7) Keeping the temperature at 120-140 ℃ for 14h to finish final polymerization, and cooling at room temperature for 2h after opening the mold.
8) Copper electrodes are attached to two sides of the material obtained in the step 5), and polarization is carried out for 30min at 60 ℃ in a silicon oil environment by a 4kv/mm polarization system, so as to obtain an example material 2.
Example 3
1) Weighing 0.5g of Ti2AlC ceramic particles, adding 1mol of NH4F and 9mol of concentrated sulfuric acid, and stirring for 24 hours in a plastic beaker in a ventilated environment; the mixture was then washed with deionized water, centrifuged at 10000rad/min for 15min, the supernatant was decanted and fresh deionized water was added. Six centrifugation operations were repeated in this manner.
2) The cleaned mixed solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 1h, then Mxenes2D lamella is peeled off, and then the mixed solution is centrifuged at 3500rad/min for 30min, and the supernatant is removed to obtain an Mxenes2D lamella aqueous solution.
3) Weighing 20g of ceramic particles, adding 50g of deionized water, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30min to obtain a suspension, adding 20g of the aqueous solution of the Mxenes2D sheet layer obtained in the step 2), stirring for 10h to realize self-assembly, obtaining a mixed suspension after the self-assembly, and sealing for later use.
4) Weighing 41g of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG), 7.5g of glycerol, 0.5g of diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI), PTMEG and glycerol monomer; diphenylmethane-4, 4' -diisocyanate (MDI) monomer was heated to 60 ℃ until it melted to a colorless transparent liquid. The three monomers are blended for use.
5) Weighing Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) monomer, Butyl Methacrylate (BMA) monomer and Polyurethane (PU) in the step 4) according to the mass ratio of PU to BMA to MMA to be 1 to 2 to 1, wherein 25g of PU, 50g of BMA and 25g of MMA. MMA and BMA monomers are blended, 0.15g of Azobenzene (AIBN) is required to be added as an initiator, and the mixture is heated in an oil bath at the temperature of 60 ℃ until the monomer mixture presents viscous oily liquid for standby.
6) Preserving the temperature of the blend in the step 5) for more than 4 hours at 70-80 ℃ to complete primary polymerization, and then adding the suspension in the step 3), wherein the mass ratio of the suspension to the primary polymer is 20: 100, adding 35g of foam stabilizer CGY-3, stirring and foaming, pouring into a mold, closing the mold and putting into an oven.
7) Keeping the temperature at 120-140 ℃ for 14h to finish final polymerization, and cooling at room temperature for 2h after opening the mold.
8) Attaching copper electrodes to two sides of the material obtained in the step 5), and polarizing for 30min at 60 ℃ in a 4kv/mm polarization system to obtain example material 3
The materials obtained in the comparative examples and the examples are subjected to performance detection, and the detection method is as follows: the obtained polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/mxeenes high damping intelligent damping sheet was cut into sheets having dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of 10mm × 2mm × 1mm, and subjected to a performance test using a dynamic thermo-mechanical analyzer (Q800, usa), and the test results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 loss coefficient of polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material at specific temperature
| |
0℃ | 10 |
20℃ | 30 |
40℃ | 50℃ |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.12226 | 0.13324 | 0.14680 | 0.15364 | 0.15503 | 0.15181 |
| Example 1 | 1.16602 | 0.82211 | 0.54659 | 0.34639 | 0.22284 | 0.13657 |
| Example 2 | 0.83934 | 0.88376 | 0.77607 | 0.60816 | 0.44794 | 0.31596 |
| Example 3 | 0.81394 | 0.89308 | 0.81844 | 0.64546 | 0.46464 | 0.32489 |
FIG. 3 shows the loss factor of the high damping intelligent damping sheet material of polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes, and it can be seen from the figure that comparative example 1 does not add Mxenes conductive phase, the peak value of the loss factor of the graphs of examples 1-3 moves to high temperature, the temperature zone of the loss factor tan delta >0.8 rises, the glass transition temperature rises, which is more suitable for the use condition of room temperature or higher temperature, and the temperature zone of tan delta >0.6 in the curve widens.
FIG. 4 shows the storage modulus of the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material, and it can be seen from the figure that the Mxenes conductive phase is not added in comparative example 1, the storage modulus of the graphs in examples 1-3 is obviously improved in a low temperature region, and the material shows higher storage modulus after the Mxenes conductive phase is still added in a normal temperature region.
FIG. 5 shows the loss modulus of the high damping intelligent damping sheet material of polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes, and it can be seen from the figure that the Mxenes conductive phase is not added in comparative example 1, the loss modulus of the graphs of examples 1-3 is obviously improved in a low temperature region, and when the Mxenes conductive phase is still added in a normal temperature region, the material presents a higher loss modulus.
Example 4
A preparation method of a polyurethane/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material comprises the following steps:
firstly, the piezoelectric ceramics/Mxenes self-assembly is shown in figure 1:
(1) preparation of mxeenes 2D sheets: adding MAX phase (Ti) according to the proportion 2 AlC) 0.05g of ceramic, 0.5mol of NH was added 4 F and 5molH 2 SO 4 In which HF (hydrofluoric acid) and Ti are in situ 2 Molar ratio of AlC 9: 1, stirring for 20h, then washing with deionized water, centrifuging at 8000rad/min, and pouring out supernatant until the pH value of the mixed solution is 5;
(2) stripping mxeenes 2D slices: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) for 1h, carrying out centrifugal treatment for 10min at 2000rad/min after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, taking the upper-layer turbid solution as a stripped Mxenes2D sheet layer aqueous solution, and sealing and storing;
(3) mxeenes self-assembly: adding 10g of piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) particles according to a ratio, requiring 20g of deionized water to be added for ultrasonic dispersion for 30min-6min, simultaneously requiring 10g of the aqueous solution of the Mxenes2D lamella stripped in the step (2) to be added, and finally requiring 2h of stirring the mixed solution to complete self-assembly, and sealing and storing.
Secondly, preparing a polyurethane matrix, as shown in figure 2
(4) Primary blending: weighing 30g of polytetramethylene glycol, 10g of polyol and 0.5g of isocyanate according to the mixture ratio, and blending for 20 min;
(7) secondary blending of polyurethane: continuously blending the blended liquid in the step (4) for 10min, sealing and storing
Preparation of polyurethane/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material
(6) Pre-polymerization: preserving the heat of the blending liquid obtained in the step (6) for 4 hours at 70 ℃ to finish prepolymerization;
(7) and (3) compounding and blending for three times: and (3) mixing the suspension liquid self-assembled in the step (3) and the pre-polymerized blending liquid in the step (7) in a ratio of 1: 20, adding 20g of foam homogenizing agent CGY-3, stirring and foaming, pouring into a mold, and closing the mold;
(8) final polymerization: keeping the temperature for 14h at 120 ℃ after die assembly;
(9) and (3) cooling: cooling the vibration damping sheet material for 1h at room temperature after the mold is opened;
(10) polarization: and (3) pasting copper electrodes on two sides of the surface of the piezoelectric damping composite material obtained in the step (10), and polarizing for 30min at 3kv/mm in the environment of 60 ℃ silicone oil. Finally obtaining the polyurethane/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material.
Example 5
A preparation method of a polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material comprises the following steps:
firstly, piezoelectric ceramics/mxeenes self-assembly, as shown in fig. 1:
(1) preparation of mxeenes 2D sheets: adding MAX phase (Ti) according to the proportion 2 AlC) 0.5g of ceramic, 1.5mol of NH is required to be added 4 F and 12mol of H 2 SO 4 In which HF (hydrofluoric acid) and Ti are in situ 2 Molar ratio of AlC 9: stirring for 30h, then washing with deionized water, centrifuging by 10000rad/min, pouring out supernatant, and washing until the pH value of the mixed solution is 7;
(2) stripping mxeenes 2D slices: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) for 3 hours, carrying out centrifugal treatment for 30 minutes at 4000rad/min after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, taking the upper-layer turbid solution as a stripped Mxenes2D sheet-layer aqueous solution, and sealing and storing;
(3) mxeenes self-assembly: adding 20g of piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) particles according to the proportion, requiring to add 50g of deionized water for ultrasonic dispersion for 6min, simultaneously requiring to add 20g of Mxenes2D lamella water solution stripped in the step (2), and finally requiring to stir the mixed solution for 10h to complete self-assembly, and sealing and storing.
Secondly, preparing a polyurethane IPN matrix as shown in figure 2
(4) Primary blending: weighing 90g of polytetramethylene glycol, 30g of polyalcohol and 2.5g of isocyanate according to the mixture ratio, and blending for 30 min;
(5) and (3) secondary blending: weighing 60g of butyl methacrylate and 60g of methyl methacrylate according to the ratio, and blending with the mixed solution in the step (4) for 30 min;
(6) three times of IPN blending: and (3) adding 1g of initiator Azobenzene (AIBN) into the blended liquid obtained in the step (5), blending for 20min, and sealing and storing.
Preparation of polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material
(7) Pre-polymerization: preserving the heat of the blending liquid obtained in the step (6) for 8 hours at the temperature of 80 ℃ to finish prepolymerization;
(8) four times of composite blending: and (3) mixing the suspension self-assembled in the step (3) with the pre-polymerized blend liquid in the step (7) in a ratio of 10: 100, adding 40g of foam homogenizing agent CGY-3, stirring and foaming, pouring into a mold, and closing the mold;
(9) final polymerization: keeping the temperature for 10 hours at 150 ℃ after die assembly;
(10) and (3) cooling: cooling the vibration damping sheet material for 2 hours at room temperature after the mold is opened;
(11) polarization: and (3) pasting copper electrodes on two sides of the surface of the piezoelectric damping composite material obtained in the step (10), and polarizing for 30min at 5kv/mm in the environment of 60 ℃ silicone oil. Finally obtaining the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material.
The materials obtained in examples 4 to 5 were tested by the following test methods in example 1: the resulting polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/mxeenes high damping smart damping sheet was cut into sheets having dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of 10mm × 2mm × 1mm, and subjected to a performance test using a dynamic thermo-mechanical analyzer (Q800, usa), and the results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 loss coefficient of polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramics/Mxenes high damping intelligent damping sheet material at specific temperature
| 0℃ | 10 |
20℃ | 30℃ | |
| Example 4 | 0.2247 | 0.1824 | 0.0232 | 0.0157 |
| Example 5 | 0.2546 | 0.2354 | 0.2232 | 0.2323 |
As can be seen from the above Table 2, when BMA and MMA are not added, the formed polyurethane/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material is far lower than that of the embodiment 3 at normal temperature; as can be seen from the data in example 5 of the table, the loss is lower at room temperature when BMA and MMA are added to the end.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
30-90 parts of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG), 7.5-30 parts of polyhydric alcohol, 0.5-2.5 parts of isocyanate, 0-60 parts of Butyl Methacrylate (BMA), 0-60 parts of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA), 0-1 part of initiator, 20-40 parts of foam stabilizer, 0.05-0.5 part of MAX phase ceramic and 10-20 parts of piezoelectric ceramic.
2. The high-damping intelligent damping sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the preferable high-damping intelligent damping sheet material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 50-80 parts of polytetramethylene glycol (PTMEG), 15-25 parts of polyhydric alcohol, 1-2 parts of isocyanate, 20-40 parts of Butyl Methacrylate (BMA), 20-40 parts of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) 10.2-0.6 part of initiator, 30-35 parts of foam stabilizer, 0.1-0.2 part of MAX phase ceramic and 15-18 parts of piezoelectric ceramic.
3. The high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is high lead titanate ceramic (PZT) with a particle size of 300nm to 1000 nm;
the initiator is azo initiator.
4. The high damping smart damping patch material of claim 1, wherein said MAX phase ceramic is Ti 2 AlC ceramic particles.
5. The preparation method of the high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-damping intelligent vibration damping sheet material is prepared by taking Mxenes as a conductive phase, taking ceramic particles as a piezoelectric phase, taking polyurethane interpenetrating cross-linked network foam as a polyurethane IPN matrix, self-assembling the Mxenes on piezoelectric ceramics, and then compounding the piezoelectric ceramics and the matrix.
6. A high damping smart damping patch material as claimed in claim 5, wherein said Mxenes self-assemble on piezoelectric ceramics as follows:
(1) preparation of mxeenes 2D sheets: adding MAX phase ceramic into NH 4 F and H 2 SO 4 Stirring the mixed solution for 20 to 30 hours, then washing the mixed solution by using deionized water, and pouring out supernate after centrifugation to obtain the washed mixed solution with the pH value of 5 to 7;
(2) stripping mxeenes 2D slices: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) for 1-3 h, carrying out centrifugal treatment for 10-30 min after the ultrasonic treatment is finished, taking the upper-layer turbid solution as a stripped Mxenes2D sheet layer aqueous solution, and sealing and storing;
(3) mxeenes self-assembly: and (3) adding deionized water into the piezoelectric ceramic particles, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 30-6 min, adding the Mxenes2D sheet layer aqueous solution stripped in the step (2), stirring the mixed solution for 2-10 h to complete self-assembly, and sealing and storing to obtain the piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes assembly suspension.
7. A high damping intelligent damping sheet material according to claim 6, characterized in that NH in step (1) 4 F and H 2 SO 4 The molar ratio of (A) to (B) is 1-3: 10-24; the centrifugation speed is 8000-10000 rad/min;
the speed of centrifugation in the step (2) is 2000-4000 rad/min;
the mass ratio of the piezoelectric ceramics to the deionized water to the Mxenes2D lamellar water solution in the step (3) is as follows: 10-20: 20-50:10-20.
8. The high damping intelligent damping sheet material according to claim 5, wherein the preparation method of the polyurethane IPN matrix comprises the following steps:
a) primary blending: weighing the polytetramethylene glycol, the polyol and the isocyanate according to the mixture ratio, and blending for 20-30 min;
b) and (3) secondary blending: weighing butyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate according to the proportion, and blending with the mixed solution in the step a) for 20-30 min;
c) three times of blending of IPN: adding an initiator into the blending liquid obtained in the step b), blending for 10min-20min, sealing and storing to obtain the polyurethane IPN matrix solution.
9. The high damping intelligent damping sheet material according to claim 8, wherein the high damping intelligent damping sheet material is prepared by the following method:
i) pre-polymerization: keeping the temperature of the polyurethane IPN matrix solution at 70-80 ℃ for 4-8 h to complete prepolymerization;
ii) four compound blends: mixing the piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes assembly suspension and the pre-polymerized blending liquid in the step i) in a ratio of 1: 100-20: 100, adding 20-40 parts by mass of foam stabilizer, stirring for foaming, pouring into a mold, and closing the mold;
iii) final polymerization: after die assembly, keeping the temperature for 10 to 14 hours at the temperature of between 120 and 150 ℃;
iv) cooling: opening the die, and cooling the damping sheet material for 1-2 h at room temperature;
v) polarization: and (4) carrying out polarization treatment on the piezoelectric damping composite material obtained in the step iv) to finally obtain the polyurethane IPN/piezoelectric ceramic/Mxenes high-damping intelligent damping sheet material.
10. A high damping smart damping sheet material according to claim 9, wherein said polarization treatment is: copper electrodes are pasted on two sides of the surface of the piezoelectric damping composite material, and polarization is carried out for 30min at the temperature of 60 ℃ in the environment of silicone oil at the voltage of 3kv/mm-5 kv/mm.
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| CN202210214570.5A CN114874609B (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2022-03-07 | High-damping intelligent vibration-damping sheet material and preparation method thereof |
| NL2034116A NL2034116A (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2023-02-08 | High-damping intelligent vibration attenuation sheet material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN202210214570.5A CN114874609B (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2022-03-07 | High-damping intelligent vibration-damping sheet material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114874609B (en) | 2023-04-28 |
| NL2034116A (en) | 2023-09-11 |
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