CN115479968A - Freeze-thaw damage test and evaluation method for cement stabilized macadam material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a freeze-thaw damage test and evaluation method for a cement stabilized macadam material, which comprises the steps of obtaining a stress-strain curve of the cement stabilized macadam through a uniaxial compression test, constructing a cement stabilized macadam discrete element model by applying discrete element software PFC3D, comparing the stress-strain curve, extracting a crack-strain curve in the discrete element model, determining a key point of the stress-strain curve of the cement stabilized macadam according to a crack change rule, and evaluating the freeze-thaw damage by adopting the slope of a linear elastic section of the cement stabilized macadam material. The method can effectively make up the phenomena of large freezing and thawing damage error and unscientific data of the conventional cement stabilized macadam evaluation, can save the construction cost, improves the construction efficiency and can improve the accuracy of the evaluation result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a freeze-thaw damage evaluation method, in particular to a freeze-thaw damage test and evaluation method for a cement stabilized macadam material.
Background
The asphalt pavement structure generally comprises a surface layer, a base layer, a subbase layer and a cushion layer, wherein the surface layer generally adopts asphalt mixture, the base layer generally adopts a cement stabilized macadam structure, the subbase layer adopts lime soil, cement stabilized soil and other structures, and the cushion layer generally adopts a material with a larger grain diameter ratio. The pavement structure layer not only needs to bear the load of vehicles, but also needs to bear the influence of external temperature and environment. Particularly, on the asphalt pavement in the north, the weather of rain and snow is more in winter, the melted snow water can be immersed into the cement stabilized macadam base layer, the cement stabilized macadam layer can be frozen and melted, and the internal structure of the cement stabilized macadam is easily damaged seriously.
At present, the freeze-thaw damage evaluation of cement stabilized macadam is generally evaluated by adopting a strength theory, and the strength of a freeze-thaw test piece is compared with the strength of a non-freeze-thaw test piece by the evaluation method. The evaluation method has larger error, sometimes the data of different test sections on the same road can be 2-3 times different, and the evaluation result is difficult to convince.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a freeze-thaw damage test and evaluation method for a cement-stabilized macadam material, and aims to solve the problem that evaluation results made by the existing freeze-thaw damage evaluation method are difficult to convince.
The invention is realized by the following steps: a freeze-thaw damage test and evaluation method for cement stabilized macadam materials comprises the following steps:
a. manufacturing a plurality of crushed stone test pieces with the sizes of phi 150mm multiplied by 150mm from the cement stabilized crushed stone material to be evaluated according to the requirements of freeze thawing experimental specifications, and placing the manufactured crushed stone test pieces in a standard curing chamber for 60 days;
b. and (3) soaking treatment of the crushed stone test piece: taking out all the gravel test pieces after 60 days, firstly immersing 1/4 height of the lower part of the gravel test piece in water for 3-4 hours, then immersing 1/2 height of the lower part of the gravel test piece in water for 3-4 hours, then immersing 3/4 height of the lower part of the gravel test piece in water for 3-4 hours, and finally completely immersing the gravel test piece in water for 30-35 hours;
c. grouping the soaked crushed stone test pieces according to the freezing and thawing times, and performing a freezing and thawing experiment on the grouped crushed stone test pieces, wherein the freezing and thawing times of each group of crushed stone test pieces are equal; each freeze thawing is to freeze and thaw the crushed stone test piece for 30 to 35 hours at the temperature of minus 18 ℃ plus or minus 2 ℃ and then freeze and thaw the crushed stone test piece for 30 to 35 hours at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ plus or minus 2 ℃;
d. carrying out a uniaxial compression experiment on the crushed stone test pieces subjected to the freeze thawing experiment to obtain a stress-strain curve of each group of crushed stone test pieces; taking the average value of the strain of each group of the crushed stone test pieces according to the strain value in the stress-strain curve of each group of the crushed stone test pieces;
e. according to the proportion of a cement stabilized macadam material to be evaluated, constructing a plurality of cement stabilized macadam discrete element models with the number equal to that of the macadam test piece groups by using discrete element software PFC3D, and simulating a uniaxial compression experiment to obtain a stress-strain curve of each cement stabilized macadam discrete element model;
f. comparing the stress-strain curves of the discrete element models obtained in the step e with the stress-strain curves of the corresponding group of crushed stone test pieces obtained in the step d, and adjusting the mesoscopic parameters of the discrete element models when the maximum stress/strain values of the discrete element models exceed 10% so as to finally enable the maximum stress/strain error of the discrete element models to be within 10%;
g. extracting a crack-strain curve from each adjusted cement stabilized macadam discrete element model, and determining O in the crack-strain curve according to the crack change rule of the cement stabilized macadam discrete element model ， 、A ， 、B ， 、C ， 、D ， 、E ， Point of which O ， B ， The segment is a segment with almost no cracks, B ， C ， The section is a section which generates 5% cracks, C ， D ， The section is a section which generates 30% cracks, D ， E ， The section is a crack rapid increasing section;
h. according to O on the crack-strain curve in each discrete element model ， 、A ， 、B ， 、C ， 、D ， 、E ， D, determining the strain value of the point, determining the points O, A, B, C, D and E corresponding to the stress-strain curve of each group of crushed stone test pieces obtained in the step D, and recording the stress values and the strain values of the points O, A, B, C, D and E on each group of stress-strain curves;
i. calculating the slope k of the AB section in the stress-strain curve of each group of gravel test pieces marked in the previous step i Wherein i is the number of freeze-thaw times;
j. calculating freeze-thaw damage evaluation index D of cement stabilized macadam i ：
D i =K i /K 0
Wherein, K 0 The slope of the AB section in the stress-strain curve of the crushed stone test piece group without a freeze thawing experiment is obtained;
k. the obtained evaluation index D i And comparing with the corresponding relation between the freeze-thaw damage index and the evaluation result to obtain the evaluation result of the cement stabilized macadam material to be evaluated.
The number of each group of broken stone test pieces is equal.
And c, adopting an automatic freeze thawing box as equipment for the freeze thawing experiment in the step c.
And d, before the single-axis compression experiment is carried out on the crushed stone test piece subjected to the freeze thawing experiment in the step d, attaching strain gauges to the side surfaces of the crushed stone test piece, wherein the number of the strain gauges attached to each crushed stone test piece is four.
The discrete element model microscopic parameters in the step f comprise rigidity ratio, shear rigidity ratio, tensile strength, shear strength and cohesion. According to the method, a stress-strain curve of the cement stabilized macadam is obtained through a uniaxial compression experiment, a discrete element software PFC3D is used for constructing a cement stabilized macadam discrete element model, the stress-strain curve is compared, so that a crack-strain curve in the discrete element model is extracted, key points of the stress-strain curve of the cement stabilized macadam are determined according to crack change rules, and freeze-thaw damage is evaluated by adopting the slope of a linear elastic section of a cement stabilized macadam material. The method can effectively make up the phenomena of large freezing and thawing damage error and unscientific data of the conventional cement stabilized macadam evaluation, is favorable for saving material cost and improving efficiency, and can greatly improve the accuracy of an evaluation result. To a certain extent, the cement stabilized macadam mixture ratio can be adjusted to better guide road construction, so that the service life of a road is prolonged. In addition, the evaluation method is simple, and compared with the traditional evaluation method, the linear-elastic-plastic deformation of the material can be considered, so that the obtained evaluation result can be more convincing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cement stabilized macadam discrete element model.
Fig. 2 is a typical crack-strain curve.
FIG. 3 is a stress-strain graph of cement stabilized macadam typically subjected to freeze-thaw damage.
Detailed Description
The freeze-thaw damage test and evaluation method for the cement stabilized macadam material comprises the following steps of:
s1, taking a cement stabilized macadam material to be evaluated, manufacturing a plurality of cement stabilized macadam test pieces with the phi of 150mm multiplied by 150mm according to the standard requirement on the cement stabilized macadam material, and placing the manufactured standard macadam test pieces in a standard curing chamber for 60 days.
And S2, taking all the gravel test pieces out of the standard curing room after 60 days, and carrying out water immersion treatment. When the water immersion treatment is carried out, firstly, 1/4 of the lower part of the gravel test piece is immersed in water for 3-4 hours, then, the 1/2 of the lower part of the gravel test piece is immersed in water for 3-4 hours, then, the 3/4 of the lower part of the gravel test piece is immersed in water for 3-4 hours, and finally, the gravel test piece is immersed in water completely for 30-35 hours.
And S3, grouping the soaked gravel test pieces according to the freezing and thawing times, and performing a freezing and thawing experiment on the grouped gravel test pieces, wherein the freezing and thawing times of each group of gravel test pieces are equal. In this embodiment, 36 crushed stone test pieces are manufactured, and the 36 crushed stone test pieces are divided into 12 groups of 3 test pieces. The freezing and thawing of 12 groups of test pieces are respectively carried out for 0 time, 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times, 6 times, 9 times, 12 times, 15 times, 18 times and 21 times. Each freeze thawing is performed by adopting automatic freeze thawing box equipment, and the high temperature and low temperature are firstly performed, in particular, the crushed stone test piece is firstly frozen and thawed for 30-35 hours at the temperature of minus 18 +/-2 ℃ and then frozen and thawed for 30-35 hours at the temperature of minus 25 +/-2 ℃.
S4, performing a uniaxial compression experiment on the crushed stone test pieces subjected to the freeze thawing experiment to obtain a stress-strain curve of each group of crushed stone test pieces; and taking the average value of the strain of each group of the crushed stone test pieces according to the strain value in the stress-strain curve of each group of the crushed stone test pieces. Before the uniaxial compression experiment, strain gauges are attached to the side faces of the gravel test pieces, and the number of the strain gauges attached to the side faces of each gravel test piece is four.
S5, according to the proportion of the cement stabilized macadam materials to be evaluated, a plurality of cement stabilized macadam discrete element models equal to the number of the macadam test piece groups are constructed by using discrete element software PFC3D, and as shown in figure 1, 12 cement stabilized macadam discrete element models are established in the embodiment. And (3) simulating a uniaxial compression experiment on the cement stabilized macadam discrete element model by using discrete element software PFC3D to obtain a stress-strain curve of each cement stabilized macadam discrete element model.
S6, comparing the stress-strain curves of the 12 discrete element models obtained in the step S5 with the stress-strain curves of the corresponding group of the gravel test pieces obtained in the step S4, and adjusting the mesoscopic parameters of the discrete element models when the maximum stress/strain values of the two stress-strain curves exceed 10% to finally enable the maximum error of the stress/strain of the two discrete element models to be within 10%. The mesoscopic parameters of the discrete element model which can be adjusted in the discrete element software PFC3D comprise rigidity ratio, shear rigidity ratio, tensile strength, shear strength and cohesion.
S7, extracting a crack-strain curve from each adjusted cement stabilized macadam discrete element model, and determining O in the crack-strain curve according to the crack change rule of the cement stabilized macadam discrete element model ， 、A ， 、B ， 、C ， 、D ， 、E ， Dots, as shown in FIG. 2, wherein O , B , Almost no crack exists in the section, and the cement stabilized macadam is in a perfect stage; b is , C , 5% of cracks are generated in the section, and the cement stabilized macadam is in a disease inoculation stage; c , D , 30% of cracks are generated in the section, a certain number of cracks already exist in the cement stabilized macadam, and the cement stabilized macadam is in a stage of having basic functions; d , E , The section cracks are rapidly increased, and the cement stabilized macadam is in a stage of losing basic functions.
S8, according to a crack-strain curve O in each discrete element model ， 、A ， 、B ， 、C ， 、D ， 、E ， And determining stress-strain curves O, A, B, C, D and E of the corresponding group of cement stabilized macadam test pieces according to the strain values of the points, and recording the stress values and the strain values of the points O, A, B, C, D and E on each group of strain curves as shown in figure 3.
Generally, the OA section is a non-linear curve, some pores exist in the cement stabilized macadam in the stage, when the cement stabilized macadam is compressed, the pores in the cement stabilized macadam are firstly compressed, and the compression process is represented as the OA section. The AB section is a linear elastic change stage, when the pores of the cement stabilized macadam are completely compressed and continue to be compressed, the cement stabilized macadam is represented as the AB section, the cement stabilized macadam is elastically deformed at the stage, the AB section is determined that the cement stabilized macadam is not damaged, and the OB section is determined that the cement is stable and is not damaged. When the cement stabilized macadam continues to be pressed, the cement stabilized macadam is subjected to plastic change, namely damage occurs, at the moment, microcracks are generated inside the cement stabilized macadam, and the microcracks gradually become macrocracks. And in the BE stage, the cement stabilized macadam is considered to BE in a breakage stage, the stress of the point C is increased by 15 percent when the point C is the point B, the stress of the point D is increased by 30 percent when the point D is the point B, and the cement stabilized macadam is considered to BE completely broken when the point E is the point E.
S9, calculating the slope of the AB section in the stress-strain curve of each group of the gravel test pieces marked in the previous step, and marking as k i Wherein i is the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The slope values of the stress-strain curve AB of the 12 crushed stone test pieces obtained in this example are shown in Table 1.
S10, calculating the freeze-thaw damage evaluation index of the cement stabilized macadam as D i ，D i Calculated according to the following formula:
D i =K i /K 0
wherein, K 0 The slope of the AB section in the stress-strain curve of the crushed stone test piece group without freeze-thaw experiments is shown.
D obtained in the example i Specific values of (b) are shown in table 1.
Table 1: evaluation index D of freeze-thaw damage of different freeze-thaw times i Value of
S11, evaluating index D of the obtained fusion damage i The values were compared with the correspondence between the freeze-thaw damage index D and the evaluation results, and the correspondence between the freeze-thaw damage index D and the evaluation results in this example is shown in table 2. The following evaluations can be made for the cement stabilized macadam material in this example by comparison: the cement stabilized macadam material has good damage when frozen and thawed for less than 3 times, and can be mixed when frozen and thawed for 9 timesIn this case, the difference was found to be poor after more than 12 times of freezing and thawing.
Table 2: corresponding relation between freeze-thaw damage index and evaluation result
The corresponding relationship between the freeze-thaw damage index D and the evaluation result in the above table is the evaluation index D obtained by repeating the freeze-thaw damage test for many times i And comparing the value with the actual freeze-thaw damage condition of the test piece to obtain the value.
In order to verify the reliability of the evaluation method, a verification test is additionally carried out, the same cement stabilized macadam material as that in the facility example is adopted in the verification test, the same freeze-thaw damage experiment as that in the embodiment is carried out under the same condition, and the freeze-thaw damage evaluation index D is obtained i The values are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: freeze-thaw damage evaluation index D of experimental groups with different freeze-thaw times i Value of
As can be seen from Table 2, the evaluation index D of fusion injury obtained in the control group i Evaluation index D for fusion damage with the same number of freeze-thaw cycles as in Table 1 i The values are almost equal, so the evaluation result obtained by the evaluation method of the invention is stable and reliable.
Claims (5)
1. A freeze-thaw damage test and evaluation method for cement stabilized macadam materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. manufacturing a plurality of crushed stone test pieces with the sizes of phi 150mm multiplied by 150mm from the cement stabilized crushed stone material to be evaluated according to the freeze thawing experimental specification requirement, and placing the manufactured crushed stone test pieces in a standard curing room for 60 days;
b. and (3) soaking treatment of the crushed stone test piece: taking out all the gravel test pieces after 60 days, firstly immersing 1/4 of the lower part of the gravel test piece in water for 3-4 hours, then immersing 1/2 of the lower part of the gravel test piece in water for 3-4 hours, then immersing the gravel test piece with the height of 3/4 of the lower part of the gravel test piece in water for 3-4 hours, and finally completely immersing the gravel test piece in water for 30-35 hours;
c. grouping the soaked crushed stone test pieces according to the freezing and thawing times, and performing a freezing and thawing experiment on the grouped crushed stone test pieces, wherein the freezing and thawing times of each group of crushed stone test pieces are equal; each freeze thawing is to freeze and thaw the crushed stone test piece for 30 to 35 hours at the temperature of minus 18 ℃ plus or minus 2 ℃ and then freeze and thaw the crushed stone test piece for 30 to 35 hours at the temperature of minus 25 ℃ plus or minus 2 ℃;
d. performing a uniaxial compression experiment on the crushed stone test pieces subjected to the freeze thawing experiment to obtain a stress-strain curve of each group of crushed stone test pieces; taking the average value of the strain of each group of broken stone test pieces according to the strain value in the stress-strain curve of each group of broken stone test pieces;
e. according to the proportion of cement stabilized macadam materials to be evaluated, a plurality of cement stabilized macadam discrete element models with the number equal to the number of macadam test piece groups are constructed by using discrete element software PFC3D, a uniaxial compression experiment is simulated, and a stress-strain curve of each cement stabilized macadam discrete element model is obtained;
f. comparing the stress-strain curves of the discrete element models obtained in the step e with the stress-strain curves of the corresponding group of crushed stone test pieces obtained in the step d, and adjusting the mesoscopic parameters of the discrete element models when the maximum stress/strain values of the discrete element models exceed 10% so as to finally enable the maximum stress/strain error of the discrete element models to be within 10%;
g. extracting a crack-strain curve from each adjusted cement stabilized macadam discrete element model, and determining O in the crack-strain curve according to the crack change rule of the cement stabilized macadam discrete element model ， 、A ， 、B ， 、C ， 、D ， 、E ， Point of where O ， B ， The segment is a segment with almost no cracks, B ， C ， The section is a section which generates 5% cracks, C ， D ， The section is a section which generates 30% cracks, D ， E ， The section is a crack rapid increasing section;
h. according to O on the crack-strain curve in each discrete element model ， 、A ， 、B ， 、C ， 、D ， 、E ， D, determining the strain value of the point, determining the points O, A, B, C, D and E corresponding to the stress-strain curve of each group of the gravel test pieces obtained in the step D, and recording the stress value and the strain value of the points O, A, B, C, D and E on each group of the stress-strain curves;
i. calculating the slope k of the AB section in the stress-strain curve of each group of gravel test pieces marked in the previous step i Wherein i is the number of freeze-thaw times;
j. calculating freeze-thaw damage evaluation index D of cement stabilized macadam i ：
D i =K i /K 0
Wherein, K 0 The slope of the AB section in the stress-strain curve of the crushed stone test piece group without a freeze thawing experiment is obtained;
k. and comparing the obtained evaluation index Di with the corresponding relation between the freeze-thaw damage index and the evaluation result to obtain the evaluation result of the cement stabilized macadam material to be evaluated.
2. The freeze-thaw damage testing and evaluating method for cement stabilized macadam materials according to claim 1, wherein the number of the macadam test pieces in each group is equal.
3. The method for testing and evaluating freeze-thaw damage of cement stabilized macadam material according to claim 1, wherein the freeze-thaw test in step c is performed using an automatic freeze-thaw box.
4. The freeze-thaw damage testing and evaluating method for cement stabilized macadam materials according to claim 1, wherein strain gauges are attached to the side surfaces of the macadam test pieces before the uniaxial compression test is performed on the macadam test pieces subjected to the freeze-thaw test in step d, and the number of the strain gauges attached to each macadam test piece is four.
5. The freeze-thaw damage testing and evaluating method for cement stabilized macadam material according to claim 1, wherein the microscopic parameters of the discrete element model in step f include stiffness ratio, shear stiffness ratio, tensile strength, shear strength, and cohesion.
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