CN114865871A

CN114865871A - High-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multi-phase driving brushless motor and driver circuit

Info

Publication number: CN114865871A
Application number: CN202010252616.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 彭明; 彭宇科
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-04-01
Filing date: 2020-04-01
Publication date: 2022-08-05

Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multi-phase driving brushless motor and a driver circuit, the winding mode of a stator coil of the invention is that the coil of the same phase winding can be wound between two adjacent tooth slots of a single armature tooth and can be wound across the required armature slot as required, a driving circuit can electrify and drive one phase winding and can also electrify and drive a multi-phase winding during each driving, the power of the motor is improved, the defect that the utilization efficiency of electric energy is reduced because a certain number of armature teeth in the traditional brushless motor are subjected to the phenomenon that when one phase winding generates a south pole, the other phase winding generates a north pole at the same time is avoided, the utilization rate of the winding coil is improved during multi-phase driving, and the driving power of the electric energy is increased. All south and north poles of the magnetic rotor are driven simultaneously at each drive and thereby the torque and power of the rotor are increased while achieving high electrical energy drive efficiency and high power density.

Description

High-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit

The invention discloses a high-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multiphase drive brushless motor and a driver circuit, comprising a brushless motor and a brushless motor driver circuit.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of brushless motors and brushless motor driver circuits.

Background art:

the brushless motor is composed of a motor main body and a driving circuit, and is a typical electromechanical integrated product.

The brushless motor is widely adopted in the new energy electric automobile, the efficiency of the brushless motor directly influences the cruising mileage of the electric automobile after single charging, and how to improve the efficiency of the brushless motor becomes a very key factor. The improvement of the power of the brushless motor is also an important factor in use, efficient energy conversion can be brought only by efficient electric energy driving, so that longer endurance mileage and energy conservation are brought, and the improvement of the power density of the brushless motor is also an important requirement. In a conventional brushless motor, a large number of winding modes are adopted, for example, a brushless motor with a three-phase winding is mostly wound by spanning two armature teeth, in order to improve output power and the utilization rate of the winding coil, a star connection method and a triangular connection method of a three-phase alternating current motor are almost adopted, at least two-phase coils flow through each energization, but because of different physical positions of the two-phase coils, the magnetism generated at each armature tooth is always pressed when two groups of coils are simultaneously energized and driven. . . South-north-south. . . "none" of these is actually the result of one set of windings producing a south pole at the tooth at this point in time while the other set of windings producing a north pole at the tooth cancel each other out, and this portion of the power is effectively wasted, causing a reduction in performance.

From the above, it can be seen that, in order to improve the efficiency and performance of the brushless motor, it is necessary to improve the winding and driving of the winding, and improve the driving efficiency to achieve the best power output, so as to improve the cruising range of the new energy electric vehicle, and it is also the crucial technology and national requirement for the brushless motor to improve the torque of the brushless motor and the light weight of the motor.

Disclosure of Invention

In the brushless motor, the winding mode of the stator coil of the brushless motor winding is to wind between two adjacent tooth slots of a single armature tooth or carry out cross-tooth slot winding according to requirements, single-phase driving can be carried out, multi-phase driving can also be carried out, the south pole and the north pole of the rotor are simultaneously driven, the torque is increased, the multi-phase winding can be driven at each driving moment, the driving power is increased, the utilization rate of the winding coil is improved, and therefore the brushless motor is named as a high-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multi-phase driving brushless motor and a driver circuit, and meanwhile, single-phase driving can be carried out to improve the electric energy conversion efficiency.

The rotor of the brushless motor winding is a cylindrical magnetic material cylinder which is radially filled with permanent magnetism in an outer stator wound with coils when in an inner rotor structure, the cylinder can also be formed by embedding permanent magnets on a cylindrical magnetizer according to a manufacturing process, and the cylindrical magnetic material can be solid or hollow; when the outer rotor structure is a circular ring-shaped magnetic material ring which is radially filled with permanent magnetism and is wound by a coil, the outer rotor structure can also be formed by fixing permanent magnets on a circular ring-shaped object according to a manufacturing process.

The brushless motor of the invention adopts a method of switching the magnetic position sensor to realize steering conversion, and the winding of the outer stator coil, the magnetic position sensor and the rotor structure are schematically shown in the attached drawing.

The brushless motor rotor driving mode of the invention is to electrify the stator coil in single phase or multi-phase sequence, for the three-phase brushless motor, electrify the coil of one phase or two-phase in each driving state, drive the rotor to rotate a tooth position, electrify the coil of one phase or two-phase in the next driving state, drive the rotor to rotate a tooth position again, reciprocate in this way, thus form the rotation of the rotor, and drive all south poles and north poles on the rotor every time of driving.

The drive circuit of the brushless motor consists of a PWM pulse width modulator capable of adjusting and controlling the rotating speed, a duty ratio regulator, an OR gate circuit for carrying out multiphase drive and an H bridge type power driver (generally a high-power MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube or an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) composite full-control voltage drive type power semiconductor device module) for driving winding coils of all phases.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a brushless motor according to the present invention (taking an example of three-phase 4-pole internal rotor, 12-slot cross-slot winding), M1 is a stator armature, M2 is an internal rotor, 1 to 12 are armature teeth of a stator, HA, HB, and HC are magnetic position sensors, which are generally formed by hall elements, and may be formed in other ways, U + and U-are respectively a start end and a stop end of a U-phase winding, V + and V-are respectively a start end and a stop end of a V-phase winding, W + and W-are respectively a start end and a stop end of a W-phase winding, and arrows on winding lines in the stator indicate winding directions of the respective windings at the armature teeth.

Fig. 2 to 7 show the operation intentions of the brushless motor of the present invention in various driving states (three-phase 4-pole inner rotor, 12-slot outer stator, three-phase six-driving state), M2 being a permanent-magnet inner rotor, S1, S2 being the south pole of the permanent-magnet inner rotor, and N1, N2 being the north pole of the permanent-magnet inner rotor. M1 is the outer stator armature of the wound coil, the arrow on the stator winding wire indicates the direction of current at that time for the winding, and S and N outside the tooth indicate the north and south poles generated at that tooth in the driving state; HA, HB, and HC are magnetic position sensors composed of hall elements, and output a low level when a south pole is close and output a high level when a north pole is close.

Fig. 8 and 9 are schematic views of a driving circuit of the present invention (for example, three-phase driving, the number of driving phases can be increased in this manner for an N-phase motor) SW1 is a turn/stop switch, and fig. 9 is a push-back driving circuit, specifically, a driving circuit in which a winding that should be in a driving state at present and a winding in a driving state immediately before are driven together, and a driving circuit in which a winding U and a winding W are driven when the current driving state is a driving state 1; fig. 8 is a push-forward driving circuit, specifically, a winding to be driven and a winding to be driven are driven together, and if the current driving state is driving state 1, the winding U and the winding V are used for driving; they have no fundamental difference, but only to move the position where the magnetic sensor is installed, and are described in the following embodiment with reference to fig. 8 push-forward driving circuit.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of an H-bridge power driver circuit according to the present invention (taking three-phase driving as an example, the number of driving phases can be increased for an N-phase motor).

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the present invention in which windings are wound between two adjacent slots of a single armature tooth (inner rotor three-phase 4-pole, outer stator 12-slot example), 1 to 12 are armature teeth of the stator, HA, HB, HC are magnetic position sensors, U + and U-are respectively the start and end of the U-phase winding, V + and V-are respectively the start and end of the V-phase winding, W + and W-are respectively the start and end of the W-phase winding, and the arrows on the winding lines in the stator indicate the winding directions of the respective windings in the armature teeth.

Fig. 12 is a circuit diagram of a single-phase driving circuit of the invention, and a steering switching circuit (IC 5, IC6 part in the figure) is added, SW2 is a forward/reverse switch, and both fig. 8 and fig. 9 can add the part when in application, and the circuit diagram does not show the part of IC3 and IC4 in fig. 8 and fig. 9, and the part of IC3 and IC4 is actually applied.

FIG. 13 is a complete winding diagram of the invented six-phase 5-slot-spanning motor, with FIGS. 14 and 15 illustrating the winding diagrams of the 1, 3, 5-phase and 2, 4, 6-phase windings, respectively, for clarity, with Tx + and Tx-indicating the beginning and ending ends of the Tx-phase winding, respectively, and the arrows on the winding wires indicating the winding direction of each winding at the armature teeth; h1, H2, H3 and H4 are magnetic position sensors.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a six-phase 5 drive circuit of the present invention, where the 5-phase windings can be driven simultaneously on the six-phase windings.

Fig. 17 and 18 are circuit diagrams of the six-phase 5 driving power driving part of the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a structural diagram of an external rotor brushless motor of the present invention (taking three-phase 4-pole external rotor, 12-slot as an example, a winding method using a single armature tooth for winding), M2 is an external permanent magnet rotor, M1 is an armature of an internal stator for winding coils, N and S are 4 north and south poles of the external permanent magnet rotor, US and UN are south and north poles generated by the armature tooth on the stator when a U-phase winding is energized at a certain time, VS and VN are south and north poles generated by the armature tooth on the stator when a V-phase winding is energized at another time, WS and WN are south and north poles generated by the armature tooth on the stator when a W-phase winding is energized at different times, and HA, HB, and HC are magnetic position sensors. The winding method of the winding coil is the same as the structure of the inner rotor, the winding direction of the same phase winding between two adjacent tooth slots of a single armature tooth is opposite to the winding direction of two adjacent coils, and the winding direction is omitted for clarity.

Detailed Description

The number of the slots of the brushless motor stator is equal to the number of south and north magnetic poles of the permanent magnet rotor multiplied by the number of phases. Taking a three-phase winding, two pairs of 4 magnetic poles are taken as an example, the number of the slots is equal to 3 multiplied by 4 magnetic poles, and 12 slots are taken as the number of the slots; if six pairs of 12 poles are used, 36 slots are used.

In the conventional brushless motor, a large number of winding coils are wound across armature teeth, for example, a brushless motor with three-phase windings is mostly wound across two armature teeth, in order to improve output power and winding coil utilization rate, a star connection method and a delta connection method of a three-phase alternating current motor are almost adopted, at least two-phase coils flow through each energization, and due to the difference of the physical positions of the two-phase coils, magnetism generated at each armature tooth when two groups of coils are energized and driven is always pressed ". . . South-north-south. . . "none" of these is actually a waste of electrical energy due to one set of windings creating a south pole at the tooth while the other set of windings creating a north pole at the tooth canceling each other. In order to avoid the disadvantage, the stator coil of the brushless motor winding of the invention is wound between two adjacent tooth slots of a single armature tooth, and the winding directions of two adjacent coils of the same phase winding are opposite, namely, partial coils of the same phase winding are wound in two side slots of the single armature tooth, taking a three-phase winding as an example, namely, a phase winding (U phase) is wound around the armature tooth 1 in one slot (slot 1) and one adjacent slot (slot 2), after the required number of turns is reached, a next phase winding (V phase) is wound around the armature tooth 2 in the adjacent slot (slot 2) and the next adjacent slot (slot 3), after the required number of turns is reached, the slot (slot 3) and the next slot (slot 4) are wound around the armature tooth 3, and after the required number of turns is reached, the next phase winding (W phase) is wound around the armature tooth 4, the armature tooth 5, the armature teeth 6 wind the next group of coils of the windings U, V and W of each phase in the opposite direction respectively, so that the winding directions of two adjacent coils of the same phase winding are opposite until the winding is finished, and the same winding mode is provided for more N-phase motors. Two ends of each phase winding are respectively connected to respective bridge type power driving devices on a brushless motor driver outside the motor.

Another great advantage of the single armature tooth winding is that magnetic force is concentrated and magnetic flux leakage is low, for example, a common three-phase brushless motor needs to be wound across at least 2 armature teeth, and for example, as shown in fig. 2, the three-phase brushless motor needs to be wound on the left side of the armature teeth 1 and the right side of the armature teeth 3, so that magnetic force lines are dispersed, magnetic resistance is formed by two side grooves of the armature teeth in the middle, and magnetic force lines generated by the armature teeth 2 also form a magnetic loop through the armature teeth 1 and the armature teeth 3, so that magnetic force lines with the same polarity as that generated by the armature teeth 2 and generated by the armature teeth 1 and the armature teeth 3 are partially offset; likewise, the armature teeth 2 will partially cancel the magnetic lines of force of the same polarity generated by the

armature teeth

1 and 3. The final magnetic force is the vector sum of the magnetic forces generated by the three armature teeth with different physical positions by winding across the armature teeth, the vector sum has a certain component to offset each other to reduce the electric energy driving efficiency, the single armature teeth winding completely avoids the defects, and the copper consumption of the single armature teeth winding is lower than that of the single armature teeth winding.

The high-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multi-phase driving brushless motor and the driving circuit thereof provided by the invention can also drive a motor wound across armature teeth, but the defect that electric energy is wasted due to mutual offset of south and north poles generated by some armature teeth of the traditional brushless motor is overcome, but the magnetic leakage is increased, and the high-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multi-phase driving brushless motor and the driving circuit thereof are also a necessary choice under the condition of requiring power density.

The high-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multi-phase driving brushless motor and the driving circuit thereof provided by the invention can only drive the single-phase winding during each driving and can also drive the multi-phase winding to increase the power density of the motor.

The power driving device for driving the winding to be electrified consists of an IGBT composite full-control voltage driving type power semiconductor device, and a high-power MOS tube and other high-power devices can also be adopted.

The operation of the push-forward driving circuit of FIG. 8 will be described

When the SW1 rotation/stop switch is in the off (rotation) state, one of the input terminals of each of U13 to U18 is in the high state.

Arrows on the outer end of the stator on the upper side of fig. 2 to 7 respectively indicate the directions in which the currents flow in the respective driving states. For the sake of clarity, the windings which do not participate in the operation in this driving state are not shown.

In the present invention, the magnetic position sensor of fig. 8 (other types of magnetic position sensors that sense magnetic signals may be used) generates HA, HB, and HC signals, respectively, and inputs the signals to the 3-wire 8-wire decoder IC2 through the inverter IC1, respectively, to give levels to X1 to X6, respectively, and drives the following Y1 to Y6 when the given level is high H.

Drive circuit referring to fig. 8 and 10, the following is described in connection with fig. 2 to 7 for the respective drive states:

driving state 1: fig. 2 when one of the south poles S1 of the permanent magnet rotor is at the armature tooth: 3 and the outputs of HA, HB and HC are L, H and H when the Hall element HA is nearby; the outputs from the output terminal X1 of the decoder IC2 to X6 are H, L make Y1 and Y2 high level, the high level output from Y1 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q1 to make it conductive, so that the photocoupler IC5 is connected through SH1 to drive the IGBT of T1 to be conductive, the other path is connected between the PWM signal phase of variable duty ratio output from U13 and IC3 and then outputs the PWM drive signal SL1 to the field effect transistor driver of IC8 to drive the IGBT of T4 to be conductive, the power supply + V flows through the U + winding through T1 to U-and then through T4 to ground, the current direction is T1 to T4, and south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

1, 2 and 7, 8 in fig. 2; driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

4, 5 and 10, 11; driving north poles N1 and N2 on the rotor, respectively; the high level output by the Y2 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q2 to make it conductive, so that the photocoupler IC9 is conducted through SH2 to drive the IGBT of the T5 to conduct, the other path of high level signal is connected with the PWM signal phase of variable duty ratio output by the IC3 at U14, and then outputs the PWM drive signal SL2 to the field effect transistor driver of the IC12 to drive the IGBT of the T8 to conduct, the power supply + V flows through the V + winding to the V-through the T5, and then flows to the ground through the T8, the current direction is from T5 to T8, and the south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

2, 3, 8 and 9 in fig. 2; also driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

5, 6 and 11, 12; also driving north poles N1, and N2 on the rotor, respectively. The south S generated by the stator drives the south pole on the rotor and attracts the north pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; the generated north N drives the north pole on the rotor together and attracts the south pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; the rotor is rotated by an armature tooth position to complete the first driving state.

Driving state 2: after the first driving state, when the south pole S1 of the rotor rotates to the vicinity of the armature tooth 4 as shown in FIG. 3, the outputs of HA, HB and HC are L, L and H; the outputs from the output terminal X1 of the decoder IC2 to X6 are LH, L, which makes Y2 and Y3 high, the high level output from Y2 is divided into two paths, one path of the high level signal is sent to the triode Q2 to turn on, so that the photocoupler IC9 is turned on through SH2 to drive the IGBT of T5 to turn on, the other path of the high level signal is phase-anded with the PWM signal phase of variable duty ratio output from U14 and IC3 to output the PWM drive signal SL2 to the IC12 fet driver to drive the IGBT of T8 to turn on, the power supply + V flows through the V + winding via T5 to V-and then to ground via T8, the current direction is T5 to T8, and south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

2, 3 and 8, 9 in fig. 3; driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

5, 6 and 11, 12; driving north poles N1 and N2 on the rotor, respectively; the high level output by the Y3 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q3 to be conducted, so that the photoelectric coupler IC13 is conducted through SH3 to drive the IGBT of the T9 to be conducted, the other path of high level signal is conducted between the PWM signal phase with the variable duty ratio output by the U15 and the IC3 and is output with the PWM driving signal SL3 to the field effect transistor driver of the IC16 to drive the IGBT of the T12 to be conducted, a power supply + V flows through a W + winding through the T9 to the W-and then flows to the ground through the T12, the current direction is from T9 to T12, and a south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

3, 4, 9 and 10 in the picture 3; also driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

6, 7 and 12, 1; also driving north poles N2, and N1 on the rotor, respectively. The south S generated by the stator drives the south pole on the rotor and attracts the north pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; the generated north N drives the north pole on the rotor together and attracts the south pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; and rotating the rotor by one armature tooth position to complete the second driving state.

Driving state 3: after the second driving state, as shown in fig. 4, when the south pole S1 of the rotor rotates to the vicinity of the armature tooth 5, the outputs of HA, HB, and HC are H, L, and H; the outputs from the output terminal X1 of the decoder IC2 to X6 are L, H, L, so that Y3 and Y4 are high level, the high level output from Y3 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q3 to be conducted, so that the photoelectric coupler IC13 is conducted through SH3 to drive the IGBT of T9 to be conducted, the other path of high level signal given by U9 is subjected to phase-inversion of the PWM signal phase with variable duty ratio output from U15 and IC3, and then outputs the PWM drive signal SL3 to the field effect transistor driver of IC16 to drive the IGBT of T12 to be conducted, the power supply + V flows through the W + winding through T9 to W-and then to the ground through T12, the current direction is T9 to T12, and south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

3, 4 and 9, 10 in fig. 4; driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

6, 7 and 12, 1; driving north poles N2 and N1 on the rotor, respectively; the high level output by the Y4 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q4 to be conducted, so that the photoelectric coupler IC7 is conducted through SH4 to drive the IGBT of the T3 to be conducted, the other path of high level signal is conducted between the PWM signal phase with the variable duty ratio output by the U16 and the IC3 and is output with the PWM driving signal SL4 to the field effect transistor driver of the IC6 to drive the IGBT of the T2 to be conducted, a power supply + V flows through the U-winding through the T3 to the U + and then flows to the ground through the T2, the current direction is from T3 to T2, and a south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

4, 5, 10 and 11 in the picture 4; also driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on

armature teeth

7, 8 and 1, 2; also driving north poles N2 and N1 on the rotor, respectively. The south S generated by the stator drives the south pole on the rotor and attracts the north pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; the generated north N drives the north pole on the rotor together and attracts the south pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; and rotating the rotor by one armature tooth position to complete the third driving state.

Driving state 4: after the third driving state, as shown in fig. 5, the south pole S1 of the rotor rotates to the vicinity of the armature tooth 6, and the outputs of HA, HB and HC are H, L and L; the outputs from the output terminal X1 of the decoder IC2 to X6 are L, H, L, so that Y4 and Y5 are high level, and the high level output from Y4 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q4 to be conducted, so that the photoelectric coupler IC7 is conducted through SH4 to drive the IGBT of T3 to be conducted, the other path is connected between the PWM signal phase of variable duty ratio output from U16 and IC3 and then outputs the PWM drive signal SL4 to the field effect transistor driver of IC6 to drive the IGBT of T2 to be conducted, the power supply + V flows through the U-winding through T3 to U + and then through T2 to ground, the current direction is T3 to T2, and south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

4, 5 and 10, 11 in fig. 5; driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on

armature teeth

7, 8 and 1, 2; driving north poles N2 and N1 on the rotor, respectively; the high level output by the Y5 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q5 to be conducted, so that the photoelectric coupler IC11 is conducted through SH5 to drive the IGBT of the T7 to be conducted, the other path of high level signal is conducted between the PWM signal phase with the variable duty ratio output by the U17 and the IC3 and is output with the PWM driving signal SL5 to the field effect transistor driver of the IC10 to drive the IGBT of the T6 to be conducted, a power supply + V flows through a V-winding to be V + through the T7 and then flows to the ground through the T6, the current direction is from T7 to T6, and a south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

5, 6, 11 and 12 in the picture 5; also driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

8, 9 and 2, 3; also driving north poles N2 and N1 on the rotor, respectively. South S generated by the stator drives south poles on the rotor together and attracts north poles on the rotor to rotate forwards; the generated north N drives the north pole on the rotor together and attracts the south pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; and rotating the rotor by one armature tooth position to complete the fourth driving state.

Driving state 5: after the fourth driving state, as shown in fig. 6, the south pole S1 of the rotor rotates to the vicinity of the armature tooth 7, and the outputs of HA, HB and HC are H, H and L; the outputs from the output terminal X1 of the decoder IC2 to X6 are L, H, L, so that Y5 and Y6 are high level, the high level output from Y5 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q5 to be conducted, so that the photoelectric coupler IC11 is conducted through SH5 to drive the IGBT of T7 to be conducted, the other path is connected between the PWM signal phase of variable duty ratio output from U17 and IC3 and then outputs the PWM drive signal SL5 to the field effect transistor driver of IC10 to drive the IGBT of T6 to be conducted, the power supply + V flows through the V-winding through T7 to V + and then through T6 to ground, the current direction is T7 to T6, and south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

5, 6 and 11, 12 in fig. 6; driving south poles S1 and S4 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

8, 9 and 2, 3; driving north poles N2 and N1 on the rotor, respectively; the high level output by the Y6 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q6 to be conducted, so that the photoelectric coupler IC5 is conducted through SH6 to drive the IGBT of the T11 to be conducted, the other path of high level signal is conducted between the PWM signal phase with the variable duty ratio output by the U18 and the IC3 and is output with the PWM driving signal SL6 to the field effect transistor driver of the IC14 to drive the IGBT of the T10 to be conducted, a power supply + V flows through the W-winding through the T11 to the W + and then flows to the ground through the T10, the current direction is from T11 to T10, and a south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

6, 7, 12 and 1 in the figure 6; also driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

9, 10 and 3, 4; also driving north poles N2 and N1 on the rotor, respectively. The south S generated by the stator drives the south pole on the rotor and attracts the north pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; the generated north N drives the north pole on the rotor together and attracts the south pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; and rotating the rotor by one armature tooth position to complete the fifth driving state.

Driving state 6: after the fifth driving state, as shown in fig. 7, the south pole S1 of the rotor rotates to the vicinity of the armature tooth 8, and the outputs of HA, HB, and HC are L, H, and L; the outputs from the output terminal X1 of the decoder IC2 to X6 are L, H, Y6 and Y1 are high level, the high level output from Y6 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q6 to be connected, so that the photoelectric coupler IC5 is connected through SH6 to drive the IGBT of T11 to be connected, the other path is connected between the PWM signal phase of variable duty ratio output from U18 and IC3 and then outputs the PWM drive signal SL6 to the field effect transistor driver of IC14 to drive the IGBT of T10 to be connected, the power supply + V flows through the W-winding through T11 to W + and then through T10 to ground, the current direction is T11 to T10, and south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

6, 7 and 12, 1 in fig. 7; driving south poles S1, and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

9, 10 and 3, 4; driving north poles N2 and N1 on the rotor, respectively; the high level output by the Y1 is divided into two paths, one path is connected to the triode Q1 to be conducted, so that the photoelectric coupler IC5 is conducted through SH1 to drive the IGBT of the T1 to be conducted, the other path of high level signal is conducted between the PWM signal phase with the variable duty ratio output by the U13 and the IC3 and is output with the PWM driving signal SL1 to the field effect transistor driver of the IC8 to drive the IGBT of the T4 to be conducted, a power supply + V flows through the U + winding through the T1 to the U-and then flows to the ground through the T4, the current direction is from T1 to T4, and a south pole S is generated on the

armature teeth

7, 8, 1 and 2 in the picture 7; also driving south poles S1 and S2 on the rotor, respectively, producing north poles N on the

armature teeth

10, 11 and 4, 5; also driving north poles N2 and N1 on the rotor, respectively. The south S generated by the stator drives the south pole on the rotor and attracts the north pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; the generated north N drives the north pole on the rotor together and attracts the south pole on the rotor to rotate forwards; and rotating the rotor by one armature tooth position to complete the sixth driving state.

After the brushless motor is in the driving state 6, the south pole S2 on the rotor reaches the south pole position S1 on the figure 2, the process from the driving state 1 to the driving state 6 is repeated backwards, so that the continuous operation of the motor rotor is formed, in each driving state, the armature teeth which are provided with driving current and are communicated with the stator coil drive all the south poles and the north poles on the rotor at the same time, the armature teeth which do not participate in the driving do not have the driving current to flow through, and the defect that the winding coil winding mode strides over the armature teeth and at least two-phase coils are communicated with each time is avoided, so that a certain number of armature teeth in the brushless motor are subjected to south pole generation by one group of windings, and simultaneously, north pole generation by the other group of windings causes reduction of the electric energy utilization efficiency is avoided.

In the development process, the three-phase 2-drive brushless motor manufactured on the same stator and rotor in the traditional mode and the high-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit is compared near the rated working state of the motor under the conditions of the same load and communicated rotating speed, and the working current of the high-efficiency full-magnetic-pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit is reduced by about 17% -23% compared with that of the brushless motor in the traditional mode and the traditional drive mode, so that the high-efficiency energy-saving characteristic of the brushless motor is seen.

When the stall switch SW1 is turned on, one of the input terminals of the and gates U1 to U6 is at a low level so that the Q1 to Q6 are all turned off, while one of the input terminals of U13 to U18 is at a low level so that the output terminals of the SL1 to SL6 are all at a low level, thereby the MOS/IGBT drivers of the T1 to T12 are all in an off state, and the motor stalls.

In fig. 8 and 9, IC4 generates power supply + VH, which is about 15V higher than power supply + V, from MC1555 and peripheral components to supply to photocoupler.

V1 in fig. 8 and 9 is a frequency adjuster of the pulse width modulation signal, and V2 adjusts the duty ratio of the pulse width modulation signal to adjust the rotation speed of the motor rotor.

Fig. 10 shows a circuit formed by H-bridge power drivers for three-phase brushless motors according to the present invention, which comprises an H-bridge power driver formed by a left arm formed by two sets of series-connected compound fully-controlled power semiconductor devices and a right arm formed by another two sets of series-connected compound fully-controlled power semiconductor devices, wherein the start end and the end of each phase winding are connected to the midpoint of the left arm and the right arm of the H-bridge power driver, the upper and lower control ends of the left arm and the right arm of each set of H-bridge power driver are controlled by 4 different signals, and the power drivers can also adopt high-power MOS field effect transistors.

Fig. 11 shows a winding method for winding a single armature tooth of a three-phase 12-slot motor, wherein each winding is wound around the single armature tooth, but the winding directions of two adjacent windings of the same phase are opposite (for example, a U-phase winding is wound around the armature tooth 1 and the armature tooth 4 in the opposite direction, the armature tooth 4 and the armature tooth 7 in the opposite direction, the armature tooth 7 and the armature tooth 10 in the opposite direction, and the armature tooth 10 and the armature tooth 1 in the opposite direction), and the winding of the single armature tooth is beneficial to reducing magnetic leakage; single armature tooth winding can also be used for the former three phase 2 drive mode.

Fig. 12 shows a circuit of single-phase driving of a three-phase motor, and there is a rotation direction switching circuit constituted by IC5 and IC6, which changes the rotation direction of the rotor of the brushless motor by switching magnetic position sensor signals, and SW2 is a rotation direction switching switch. The rotation direction switching circuit can be fully used for the circuit for driving two phases of the three-phase motor in the same time in the previous fig. 8 and 9; unlike the previous three phase 2 drive, fig. 12 only drives one phase winding at each drive, single phase drive can also be used for motors wound across the armature teeth.

Fig. 13 shows a winding method of a six-phase 12-slot two-pole motor wound across 5 armature teeth, where each winding is wound across 5 armature slots (e.g., a T1 winding is wound between an armature tooth 1 and an armature tooth 6, and the next winding is wound between an armature tooth 7 and an armature tooth 12), the winding directions of two adjacent windings of the same phase are opposite, the number of armature teeth spaced at the center of two adjacent coils of the same phase is the same as the number of phases, the maximum number of armature slots that the winding can span is one minus the number of phases, and the maximum number of armature slots that the six-phase motor can span 5 slots. For clarity, winding diagrams of 1, 3, 5-phase and 2, 4, 6-phase windings are respectively illustrated in fig. 14 and 15, Tx + and Tx-respectively represent the starting end and the terminating end of the Tx-phase winding, and arrows on the winding wires represent the winding directions of the respective windings on the armature teeth; h1, H2, H3 and H4 are magnetic position sensors; it should be noted that the motor wound across the armature teeth can also be single phase driven and multi-phase driven, limited only by the maximum number of drivable phases minus one.

Fig. 16 shows a circuit for driving 5 phases of a six-phase motor, which adopts diodes or gates for convenience of representation, and can also realize the phase or function by using an integrated block and a micro control unit plus an internal program, the number of the simultaneously driven phases can be changed by changing the number of the diodes in the column direction in the diodes or gates, 5 diodes are used in each column in the figure, 5-phase windings can be driven simultaneously, the maximum number of the driven phases is one less than the number of the motor phases, for example, the maximum number of the simultaneously driven phases of a three-phase motor is 2 phases, and the maximum number of the simultaneously driven phases of a six-phase motor is 5 phases. A complete drive cycle for a six-phase motor, which has 12 drive states, corresponding to an increased number of H-bridge power drivers, is shown in fig. 17 and 18, and a more-phase brushless motor and a more-phase drive can be extended in conjunction with the methods of fig. 10-18. The multiphase drive facilitates increased power density for brushless motors and can also be used for motors wound with a single armature tooth.

The principle of the inner rotor brushless motor and the outer rotor brushless motor is the same, the motor winding structure is shown in fig. 19, (an outer rotor three-phase 4-pole, 12-slot is taken as an example), M2 is a permanent magnet outer rotor, M1 is an inner stator armature for winding coils, N and S are 4 north and south poles of the permanent magnet outer rotor, US and UN are south and north poles generated by armature teeth on a stator when a U-phase winding is electrified at a certain moment, VS and VN are south and north poles generated by armature teeth on the stator when a V-phase winding is electrified at another moment, WS and WN are south and north poles generated by armature teeth on the stator when a W-phase winding is electrified at different moments, and HA, HB and HC are magnetic position sensors. The winding method of the winding coil is the same as the structure of the inner rotor, the winding direction of the same phase winding between two adjacent tooth grooves of a single armature tooth is opposite to the winding direction of two adjacent coils, the winding method of winding the same phase winding by the single armature tooth is adopted in the drawing, the drawing is omitted here for the sake of clarity, and the outer rotor brushless motor can carry out cross-armature-tooth winding as required as well as the inner rotor brushless motor.

The invention provides a brushless motor which is wound from a single armature tooth to a cross armature slot, from a single-phase winding to a multi-phase winding, and from an inner rotor to an outer rotor, and the brushless motor which takes the motor efficiency as a main factor and takes the power density into consideration to avoid meaningless energy loss, thereby meeting the requirements of various applications.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention includes, but is not limited to, the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. High-efficient full magnetic pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit, including motor and drive circuit, its characterized in that: the winding mode of the stator coil of the brushless motor is that the winding directions of two adjacent coils of the same phase winding are opposite, the center interval of the two adjacent coils of the same phase winding is equal to the number of armature teeth with the same phase number, and a driving circuit drives current to flow through the windings by using an H-bridge type power driver, so that the rotor rotates through the position of a single armature tooth one by each driving one by one, and the rotor is driven to rotate in a tooth-by-tooth rotating mode.

2. A high efficiency all-pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the winding directions of two adjacent coils of the same phase winding of the stator of the brushless motor are opposite, the winding can be wound between two adjacent tooth slots of a single armature tooth and can be wound across the required armature slot as required, the starting end and the terminating end of each phase winding are led out and are respectively connected to respective H-bridge type power drivers, the phase number is more than or equal to 2, and the maximum number of the armature slots which can be spanned by the winding is one less than the phase number.

3. A high efficiency all-pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the relationship between the number of magnetic poles of the permanent magnet rotor of the brushless motor and the number of phases and the number of slots of the stator armature is as follows: the number of the stator armature slots is equal to the number of the magnetic poles in south and north of the permanent magnet rotor multiplied by the number of phases, and the number of the phases is more than or equal to 2.

4. A high efficiency all-pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the steering of the brushless motor rotor is changed by switching the magnetic position sensor signal.

5. A high efficiency full pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit according to claim 1 and claim 2 and claim 3 and claim 4, characterized by: the brushless motor rotor may be a cylindrical permanent magnet rotor inside the coil-wound outer stator, or may be an annular permanent magnet rotor outside the coil-wound inner stator.

6. A high efficiency full pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein: each phase winding power driving device consists of an H bridge type power driver consisting of a left arm consisting of two groups of composite fully-controlled voltage-driven power semiconductor devices connected in series and a right arm consisting of another two groups of composite fully-controlled voltage-driven power semiconductor devices connected in series, the starting end and the terminating end of each phase winding are connected to the middle points of the left arm and the right arm of the H bridge type power driver respectively, the upper control end and the lower control end of the left arm and the right arm of each group of H bridge type power driver are controlled by 4 different signals respectively, and the power driving devices can also adopt high-power MOS field effect transistors.

7. A high efficiency all-pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the magnetic position sensor signal of each phase in the driver circuit and the signal phase of the adjacent driving state or the upper arm of one to a plurality of H-bridge type power driving devices are driven, and the characteristic can also be realized by a micro control unit and an internal program.

8. A high efficiency all-pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feature that the magnetic position sensor signals of each phase in the driver circuit and the phase sequence driving pulse signals of the same phase are phase-or-and-then-phase-or-then-phase-with the signal phase of the adjacent driving state and then phase-and-again with the direct current high level or pulse width modulation signal with the frequency of 100 hz to 100 khz to drive the lower arms of one to a plurality of H-bridge power driving devices can also be used and have a rotation direction switching circuit for changing the rotation direction of the rotor of the brushless motor by switching the magnetic position sensor signals. The motor can be completely used for the circuit for driving two phases of the three-phase motor simultaneously.

9. A high efficiency all-pole multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the motor rotor rotation speed is regulated by a pulse width modulation signal.

10. A high efficiency, all-pole, multi-phase drive brushless motor and driver circuit as claimed in claim 1 and claim 7 and claim 8, wherein: when the brushless motor rotates, the driver circuit drives the upper arms of one to a plurality of groups of H-bridge type power driving devices and the lower arms of the other to a plurality of groups of H-bridge type power driving devices after passing through the winding coils to conduct and work at each moment, the maximum number of the upper arms and the lower arms which are conducted at the same moment is one less than the number of motor phases, one to a plurality of phase windings in the brushless motor are driven, and the maximum number of the driven windings is one less than the number of the motor phases.