CN114865006A - Hydrogen fuel cell with cross hydrogen channel structure - Google Patents
Hydrogen fuel cell with cross hydrogen channel structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114865006A CN114865006A CN202210402777.5A CN202210402777A CN114865006A CN 114865006 A CN114865006 A CN 114865006A CN 202210402777 A CN202210402777 A CN 202210402777A CN 114865006 A CN114865006 A CN 114865006A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell with a cross hydrogen channel structure, which comprises an air compression device, an air pump, a hydrogen storage device, a pressure balancing device, a cell reactor, a cooling device, an air cooling device, a water pump and a cooling water storage device, wherein a hydrogen flow channel in the cell reactor adopts a net structure, and the net structure extends transversely; the oxygen flow channel adopts a linear structure, and the linear structure extends longitudinally, namely the extending directions of the hydrogen flow channel and the oxygen flow channel are mutually vertical; the mesh structure adopted by the hydrogen flow channel is formed by splicing a plurality of cross units, and each cross unit is formed into an X structure by two crossed curve pipelines; the hydrogen channel is designed according to the channel constructed by a specific curve and the distribution mode of the oxygen channel which is vertical to the hydrogen channel, so that the working efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell can be effectively improved, and the cooling channel improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a hydrogen fuel cell with a cross hydrogen channel structure.
Background
A hydrogen fuel cell corresponds in principle to a "reverse" device for water electrolysis. The single cell consists of anode, cathode and proton exchange membrane, the anode is the place where hydrogen fuel is oxidized, the cathode is the place where oxidant is reduced, both electrodes contain catalyst for accelerating electrochemical reaction of the electrodes, and the proton exchange membrane exists as electrolyte. In order to improve the power generation efficiency, it is necessary to improve the contact efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen as much as possible. In order to increase the reaction efficiency, the current fuel cell designs a plurality of gas channels. However, hydrogen and oxygen are consumed during the reaction, and the consumption of the gas in each pipeline is not the same, so that the heat generated in different areas of the fuel cell is different, and the fuel cell is remembered to be influenced. And if there is a fuel cell in which the gas is prematurely reacted in the channels, and there is a large amount of gas in the other channels, the reaction efficiency of the fuel cell is also reduced. Therefore, how to design the flow paths of the hydrogen and the oxygen is an important design point.
The hydrogen fuel cell works in a mode different from that of a conventional chemical power source such as a storage battery, and fuel and oxidant thereof are stored outside the cell. The fuel cell is thus a power generation device rather than a storage device for electrical energy. The heat dissipation of the cell is also a design point of great importance, since the waste heat generated due to the irreversibility of the cell accounts for 50% or more of the chemical energy converted. Exhaust from the cell, stack emissions, and circulating water can remove heat from the stack. Because the exhaust temperature can only be about 70 ℃, the heat dissipation through exhaust is far from being compared with the effect which can be achieved by the traditional internal combustion engine under the exhaust temperature of hundreds of degrees, and the actual calculation shows that the exhaust heat dissipation of the fuel cell only accounts for about 3-5% of the total heat dissipation capacity. Radiation heat dissipation, whether it is a fuel cell engine or an internal combustion engine, is a small percentage, whereas radiation heat dissipation for a fuel cell engine is about 1%. Therefore, about 95% of the heat needs to be removed by cooling water, and the number is only about 50% for the engine, so that the heat dissipation of the fuel cell mainly depends on liquid cooling heat dissipation. Cooling channels are also important design points for better heat dissipation from the hydrogen fuel cell.
In the prior art, the anode plate and the cathode plate are designed with arcuate channels, but the design has long channels and every right angle bend, which increases the resistance of the channels. And the reaction efficiency of the gas in each channel cannot be guaranteed to be the same. The design method of channels with a diamond structure is adopted, and protrusions are added in the channels, so that the pressure among the channels can be well balanced, and the reaction efficiency is improved. However, this construction method is not an optimal construction method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the generating efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell and solve the problem of heat dissipation of the hydrogen fuel cell during operation, the invention provides the hydrogen fuel cell with a cross hydrogen channel structure, which comprises an air compression device, an air pump, a hydrogen storage device, a pressure balancing device, a cell reactor, a cooling device, an air cooling device, a water pump and a cooling water storage device, wherein the hydrogen channel in the cell reactor adopts a net-shaped structure, and the net-shaped structure extends transversely; the oxygen runner adopts a linear structure, and the linear structure extends longitudinally, namely the extending directions of the hydrogen runner and the oxygen runner are mutually vertical.
Furthermore, the mesh structure adopted by the hydrogen flow channel is formed by splicing a plurality of cross units, and each cross unit is formed by two crossed curve pipelines into an X structure.
Furthermore, a rectangular box is constructed by two end points of the curve pipeline, the intersection point of the extension line of the tangent line of the central point of the curve pipeline and one side of the rectangle box is long, and the ratio of the distance between the intersection point and the center point of the side length to the nearest distance between the intersection point and the curve pipeline is 1: 0.618.
Furthermore, the cooling channel of the hydrogen fuel cell adopts a wavy pipeline, the wavy pipeline traverses the fuel cell from left to right, and the flow direction of the cooling liquid in the pipeline is the same as that of the hydrogen.
Furthermore, the anode output end of the battery reactor is connected with the second cooling device, and the cathode output end of the battery reactor is connected with the first cooling device.
Furthermore, the cathode output end of the battery reactor is connected with a first cooling device, the left side surface of the first cooling device is uniformly provided with a plurality of exhaust holes from top to bottom, the inside of the first cooling device is divided into two parts by a curved surface, the right side part is a solid part filled and fixed, the left side part is hollow and is connected with the exhaust holes, the distance between the exhaust holes and the right side solid part from top to bottom is increased in sequence, and the bottom of the first cooling device is provided with a gas output hole which is connected with a hydrogen storage device.
Further, the anode output end of the battery reactor is connected with a second cooling device, the second cooling device is connected with a plurality of vent holes uniformly formed in the left surface from top to bottom, the inside of the second cooling device is divided into two parts by a curved surface, the right part is a solid part filled and fixed, the left part is hollow and is connected with the vent holes, the distance between the vent holes and the right solid part from top to bottom is increased in sequence, a channel used for guiding water formed after cooling into the cooling water storage device is arranged at the bottom of the second cooling device, and a channel for exhausting air is arranged below the right side.
Furthermore, the cathode and the anode of the battery reactor are both provided with a pressure balancing device, the pressure balancing device is of a gas inlet structure and is of a cuboid structure, the pressure balancing device forms a curved surface by a shape similar to a logarithmic function curve as an interface, the right side of the curved surface is hollow, the right side surface of the pressure balancing device is provided with a plurality of air outlets from top to bottom, the distance from the top to the bottom of each air outlet to the curved surface is increased at one time, and the left side of the curved surface is filled with solids.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the hydrogen flow channel is designed according to a specific spline curve to present a net structure, so that the pressure of each channel can be kept balanced, and the reaction efficiency of the battery can be optimized;
2) the oxygen channels are arranged in a linear mode and are vertical to the flow direction of the hydrogen, and the design method ensures that the number of the diffused hydrogen ions in each oxygen channel is the same, so that the working efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell can be effectively improved, the heat dissipation of the hydrogen fuel cell is uniform during working, and the service life of the hydrogen fuel cell is prolonged;
3) the heat dissipation area of the hydrogen fuel cell is positioned in the central area of the whole cell, the whole cooling channel is distributed from left to right and has the same flow direction with the hydrogen, and because the density of a hydrogen inlet is high, the reaction is more sufficient, and the generated heat is more; at the moment, the cooling liquid flows into the battery, the temperature is lower, a better cooling effect can be achieved, the temperature of the subsequent cooling liquid is increased, the heat generated by the battery is also reduced, the heat dissipation of the battery can be uniform, the cooling channel adopts a wavy line distribution method, more areas are covered under a short path, and the heat dissipation efficiency is improved;
4) the invention also arranges a special gas inlet flow channel at the gas inlet for balancing the gas pressure flowing into each channel of the fuel cell, and arranges a special outlet channel at the outlet for cooling the other flowing out;
5) after the reaction in the battery is finished, the gases discharged from the anode and the cathode are respectively cooled, and the discharged hydrogen is conveyed back to the hydrogen storage device after being cooled; the gas removed from the anode contains water produced by the reaction, and after cooling, the water is introduced into a cooling water storage device, and the other gases are removed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell design according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow path design for hydrogen gas in a hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hydrogen flow channel according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a method of distributing hydrogen and oxygen for a hydrogen fuel cell in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the distribution of cooling channels according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a gas inlet channel design of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a view showing the design of the passages at the cathode gas outlet in the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the channel design at the anode gas outlet in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell with a cross hydrogen channel structure, which comprises an air compression device, an air pump, a hydrogen storage device, a pressure balancing device, a cell reactor, a cooling device, an air cooling device, a water pump and a cooling water storage device, wherein a hydrogen flow channel in the cell reactor adopts a net structure, and the net structure extends transversely; the oxygen runner adopts a linear structure, and the linear structure extends longitudinally, namely the extending directions of the hydrogen runner and the oxygen runner are mutually vertical.
The air cooling in fig. 1 is used for cooling the cooling liquid, and the structure is not essential to the invention, and thus, the detailed description thereof is omitted.
Fig. 2 is a flow channel design of hydrogen in the cell reactor of fig. 1, and in general, each flow channel is designed with a specific curve, and fig. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the design to show the most obvious structural features in the flow channel design. Wherein the design curve of the hydrogen flow channel is as indicated by 1 in fig. 3. If a rectangle is constructed with the two end points of the curve, the tangent of the middle point of the line segment and the intersection point of the boundary of the rectangle finally form two line segments with the end point of the side of the rectangle and the center point of the side respectively, and the ratio of the two line segments is 0.618: 1. the intersection between every two adjacent hydrogen channels can ensure that the air pressure in each flow channel is equal by the structure, and the hydrogen channel structure formed by the specific curve can optimize the reaction efficiency, increase the heating uniformity of the battery and prolong the service life.
FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of oxygen channels and hydrogen channels, both channels being perpendicular to each other. Under the design structure, the hydrogen ions diffused in each oxygen passage are uniform, the actual contact area of the oxygen and the hydrogen is increased, and the reaction of the hydrogen and the oxygen is more sufficient. In fig. 4 the mesh structure is a hydrogen pipe and the dashed line structure is an oxygen pipe, the gas flow direction of the two pipes being perpendicular.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of a cooling channel of a hydrogen fuel cell. Cooling channels in the fuel cell traverse the fuel cell from left to right, in the same direction as the flow of hydrogen. This is because the hydrogen content at the inlet is higher, the reaction with oxygen is more complete, and more heat is generated. And the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet is also lower, so that more heat can be absorbed, the whole battery is uniformly heated, and the service life is prolonged. The wavy design of the cooling channels not only increases the area of the cooling channels compared to the straight cooling channels, but also the wavy channels cause turbulence in the cooling fluid flowing through. The turbulence phenomenon can increase the cooling effect of the cooling liquid, and further enhance the heat dissipation capability of the heat dissipation structure of the fuel cell.
Fig. 6 is a channel design at the gas inlet, which is the pressure equalization device of fig. 1. Gas flows into the device from the bottom of the figure, through a number of shunt tubes to the right of the figure, and into the cell. There is an arc line in this design, and the left side of arc line is the solid, and the right side is the passageway that circulates, and this design makes into gas when upwards flowing, even have some gas already from the export on right side inflow battery, because the runner can be littleer and littleer, pressure also can remain stable. With this design it is ensured that the gas flow to the cell is the same pressure in each line, which ensures that the reaction is maximised for the same hydrogen and oxygen content.
Fig. 7 and 8 show cooling devices for the gas flowing out of the cathode and the anode, respectively, which are air-cooled, and correspond to the cooling device in fig. 1. The structure of fig. 7 and 8 can ensure that the pressure intensity of each pipeline is the same from top to bottom, and can well ensure that the gas in each pipeline has good effect. In which fig. 7 shows a cooling device connected to the cathode, in which the gas is hydrogen, so that the cooled gas is introduced into a hydrogen storage device. FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the anode and the gas, air and water produced by the reaction. So figure 8 presents two outlets, one of which is located below for leading the cooled water to a storage of the cooling water. The other outlet is located at the right side, higher up, to prevent water from flowing in for air discharge.
Compared with other designs, the hydrogen fuel cell structure designed in the invention can ensure that the pressure drop of gas in the cell is minimum, and H is equal to H under the same output power 2 The consumption of the fuel cell is low, and the efficiency of the fuel cell is high; lowest temperature, at the same H 2 The fuel cell has low heat productivity and high efficiency. The reaction rate is fastest, and the electric energy is generated most in the same time. But also realizes the reuse of hydrogen and generated water and saves resources.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A hydrogen fuel cell with a cross hydrogen channel structure comprises an air compression device, an air pump, a hydrogen storage device, a pressure balancing device, a cell reactor, a cooling device, air cooling, a water pump and a cooling water storage device, and is characterized in that a hydrogen channel in the cell reactor adopts a net structure, and the net structure extends transversely; the oxygen runner adopts a linear structure, and the linear structure extends longitudinally, namely the extending directions of the hydrogen runner and the oxygen runner are mutually vertical.
2. The cross-hydrogen channel structured hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen flow channel has a mesh structure formed by splicing a plurality of cross units, each cross unit having an X-shaped structure formed by two crossed curved tubes.
3. A hydrogen fuel cell of an intersecting hydrogen passage structure according to claim 2, wherein a rectangular box is constructed with both end points of the curved pipe, and an intersection of an extension of a tangent to a center point of the curved pipe and a side length of the rectangular box has a ratio of a distance from the center point of the side length to a closest distance from the intersection to the curved pipe of 1: 0.618.
4. A hydrogen fuel cell of an interdigitated hydrogen channel structure in accordance with claim 2 wherein the cooling channels of the hydrogen fuel cell are corrugated tubes and the corrugated tubes traverse the fuel cell from left to right, the coolant in the tubes flowing in the same direction as the hydrogen gas.
5. A cross hydrogen channel structured hydrogen fuel cell in accordance with claim 1, wherein the anode output of the cell reactor is connected to the second cooling means, and the cathode output of the cell reactor is connected to the first cooling means.
6. A hydrogen fuel cell of an intersecting hydrogen passage structure according to claim 5, wherein the cathode output of the cell reactor is connected to a first cooling means, the left surface of the first cooling means is provided with a plurality of vent holes uniformly from top to bottom, the interior of the first cooling means is divided into two parts by a curved surface, the right part is a solid part which is filled and fixed, the left part is hollow and connected to the vent holes, the distance between the vent holes and the solid part increases from top to bottom, and the bottom of the first cooling means is provided with a gas output hole which is connected to a hydrogen storage means.
7. A hydrogen fuel cell of a cross hydrogen channel structure in accordance with claim 5, wherein the anode output of the cell reactor is connected to a second cooling device, the second cooling device has a plurality of vent holes uniformly arranged from top to bottom on the left side surface, the interior of the second cooling device is divided into two parts by a curved surface, the right side part is a solid part filled and fixed, the left side part is hollow and connected to the vent holes, the distance between the vent holes and the right side solid part increases from top to bottom, the bottom of the second cooling device is provided with a channel for guiding the water formed after cooling to the cooling water storage device, and the right side lower part is provided with a channel for exhausting air.
8. The hydrogen fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the cathode and the anode of the cell reactor are both provided with a pressure balancing device, the pressure balancing device is a gas inlet structure and is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the pressure balancing device forms a curved surface with a shape similar to a logarithmic function curve as an interface, the right side of the curved surface is hollow, the right surface of the pressure balancing device is provided with a plurality of gas outlets from top to bottom, the distance from the top to the curved surface of the gas outlets increases at one time, and the left side of the curved surface is filled with a solid.
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| CN202210402777.5A CN114865006B (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2022-04-18 | Hydrogen fuel cell with crossed hydrogen channel structure |
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| CN202210402777.5A CN114865006B (en) | 2022-04-18 | 2022-04-18 | Hydrogen fuel cell with crossed hydrogen channel structure |
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