CN114858857A - High-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid vapor explosion limit testing system and working method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid vapor explosion limit testing system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 187
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen oxide Substances O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A high-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid vapor explosion limit test system and a working method thereof belong to the field of explosion science. And (3) placing the explosion reaction container in a high-temperature oven for heating, and controlling the interior of the container to reach a set temperature. The system is applicable to the initial temperature range of normal temperature to 500 ℃ and the initial pressure range of normal pressure to 5 MPa. And injecting combustible liquid in the combustible liquid storage tank into the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter by using a liquid pump, vacuumizing the explosion reaction container by using a vacuum pump, and then applying pressure to the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter by using a high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder to pump the combustible liquid into the high-temperature explosion reaction container. After the combustible liquid is gasified into steam, air is introduced, and the gas in the explosion reaction container is uniformly mixed by a gas circulating pump; the ignition system ignites the mixed gas in the explosion reaction container; the data acquisition system collects the explosion pressure in the explosion reaction container, judges whether the explosion standard is met or not according to the explosion pressure, and then measures the explosion limit of the high-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid steam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of research on gas explosion characteristics, and particularly relates to a high-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid vapor explosion limit test system and a working method thereof.
Background
The combustible liquid fuel is widely applied to civil industry and national defense industry, such as petroleum, chemical industry, internal combustion engines, cloud explosion weapons and the like. When the combustible liquid fuel is accidentally leaked or splashed, the combustible liquid fuel is diffused and gasified into the air under the action of internal pressure to form a combustible liquid vapor-air mixture with the air, and when the mixed gas is in an explosion limit range, explosion and even detonation can occur under the excitation of enough energy, so that a strong destructive effect is formed. Because the formation of the flammable liquid vapor and the explosion development process involve more influencing factors, the research on the problem of flammable liquid vapor explosion is more complicated and difficult. For this reason, the problems of cloud formation and explosion of combustible liquid fuels have been the key and difficult problems in the field of safety science. Therefore, a high-temperature and high-pressure combustible liquid vapor explosion limit test system is needed for testing, so that boundary conditions are provided for process production, and therefore the occurrence of combustible liquid fuel explosion accidents is effectively avoided.
At present, most combustible gas explosion limit testing devices are limited to testing the explosion limit of combustible gas under the normal temperature and normal pressure state, the working temperature of the devices is from normal temperature to 200 ℃, and the devices can not meet the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in the actual process environment. For example, the only standard for flammability limit determination at high temperature and high pressure is ASTM E918: the range of the test explosion Limits of the Determining Limits of flexibility of Chemicals at evolved Temperature and Pressure: the pressure is normal pressure-1.38 MPa, the temperature is normal temperature-200 ℃, and the device adopted by the standard is composed of a metal pressure container with the minimum volume of 1L and the minimum inner diameter of 76mm, which is far lower than the initial pressure and the initial temperature of combustible gas in engineering application. The domestic patent CN 111272816A invents a test system aiming at the lower explosion limit of multi-component liquid steam under the condition of initial high temperature and high pressure. The system enables the multi-element liquid steam and air mixture with high pressure and high temperature to be formed in the spherical explosion container by injecting the multi-element liquid and air into the spherical explosion container with set temperature, the temperature of the mixture can reach 200 ℃, the pressure can reach 5MPa, but the actual process requirement of more than 200 ℃ can not be met, and the test liquid is injected into the spherical explosion container by the injector through the liquid injection valve.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a high-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid steam explosion limit test system and a working method thereof, wherein the test volume is 20L, the temperature range of the invention can be tested by the system is normal temperature-500 ℃, and the pressure range is normal pressure-5 MPa.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid vapor explosion limit test system comprises an explosion reaction container 1, a liquid injection system, a heating system, a cooling water circulation system, a gas distribution system, an ignition system, a temperature sensor 2, a pressure sensor 3 and a control and data acquisition system 4;
the explosion reaction container 1 provides a uniform mixing and explosion reaction place for a high-temperature high-pressure medium, and is heated by a heating system; the explosion reaction container 1 is also provided with a temperature sensor 2, a pressure sensor 3, an ignition system and a first digital display pressure gauge 5-1; the temperature sensor 2 is inserted into the explosion reaction container 1 near the center, the pressure sensor 3 is tangent to the inner wall surface of the explosion reaction container 1, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the control and data acquisition system 4; the temperature sensor 2 and the first digital display pressure gauge 5-1 respectively monitor the temperature and pressure change inside the spherical explosion reaction container 1 in real time; the pressure sensor 3 is used for monitoring the dynamic change of the internal pressure of the explosion reaction container 1 at the moment of explosion;
the liquid injection system comprises a combustible liquid storage tank 6, a liquid pump 7, a magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 and a high-pressure nitrogen steel bottle 9, wherein the liquid pump 7 is respectively connected with the combustible liquid storage tank 6 and the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8, and the liquid pump 7 is used for pumping combustible liquid from the combustible liquid storage tank 6 to the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8; the top of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 is connected with a high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder 9 through a pipeline, the bottom of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter is connected with an explosion reaction container 1 through a pipeline, a first valve 10-1 is arranged between the top of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 and the high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder 9, and a second valve 10-2 is arranged on a pipeline between the bottom of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 and the explosion reaction container 1; the top of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 is also respectively connected with a second digital pressure gauge 5-2 and an exhaust valve through pipelines;
the gas distribution system comprises a fourth valve 10-4, a gas circulating pump 11, a vacuum pump 12 and a high-pressure air steel cylinder 13; the fourth valve 10-4 is arranged on a pipeline led out from the explosion reaction container 1 and used for discharging redundant gas into the explosion reaction container 1 to reach a preset pressure; the high-pressure air steel cylinder 13 is connected with the explosion reaction container 1, and a third valve 10-3 is arranged on a pipeline between the high-pressure air steel cylinder and the explosion reaction container 1 and is used for introducing air into the explosion reaction container 1; the vacuum pump 12 is connected with the explosion reaction container 1 and is used for creating a vacuum environment in the explosion reaction container 1; the gas circulation pump 11 is connected with the explosion reaction vessel 1 so as to uniformly mix the high-temperature high-pressure combustible gas in the explosion reaction vessel 1; a first digital display pressure gauge 5-1 and a third needle valve 10-3 are respectively used for controlling the volume of gas input into the explosion reaction container 1;
the heating system comprises a high temperature oven 14 for heating the explosive reaction vessel 1.
The pressure sensor 3 is wrapped by a cooling water circulation system;
the cooling water circulation system comprises a water circulation pump 15, a water pipe 16 and a cold water tank 17, and when the temperature is raised, the water circulation pump 15 drives cold water in the cold water tank 17 to circularly reduce the temperature through the water pipe 16 which is fixed on the outer side of the pressure sensor 3 in a surrounding manner.
The ignition system provides ignition energy for the high-temperature and high-pressure mixed combustible gas in the explosion reaction container 1 and comprises an igniter 18, an electric heating wire 19 and an ignition electrode 20; an ignition electrode 20 is inserted into the geometric center of the explosion reaction container 1, and a heating wire 19 is arranged; the ignition electrode 20 is connected to the igniter 18 through a lead, and the control and data acquisition system 4 sends an ignition instruction through the igniter 18 to ignite the high-temperature high-pressure combustible gas mixture in the explosion reaction container 1;
the control and data acquisition system 4 is used for monitoring and recording the pressure and temperature changes in the explosion reaction container 1 in real time, controlling the ignition time and providing different ignition energies by changing the ignition time length of the electric heating wire 19.
Furthermore, the first valve 10-1, the second valve 10-2, the third valve 10-3 and the fourth valve 10-4 are high-temperature and high-pressure resistant needle valves, graphite packing, pressure-bearing capacity of 30MPa and high temperature resistance of 500 ℃.
Further, the explosion reaction container 1 is made of 15CrMoR material, the volume is 20L, the maximum working pressure is 32MPa, and the container is placed in a high-temperature oven 14 for heating.
A working method of a high-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid vapor explosion limit testing system comprises the following steps:
a) open the discharge valve on the magnetism board level gauge 8 that turns over, annotate the liquid system and pass through drawing liquid pump 7 combustible liquid pump in with combustible liquid storage tank 6 and turn over in the board level gauge 8 magnetism, survey through the scale registration of magnetism board level gauge 8 and annotate the liquid total amount, magnetism turns over the combustible liquid reserves of board level gauge 8 and can supply many times to experiment and use. After the liquid injection of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 is finished, the liquid pump 7 is closed, the exhaust valve on the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 is opened, and the first valve 10-1 on the high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder 9 is opened to inject pressure to the combustible liquid in the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 for gas distribution in the explosion reaction container 1.
b) The heating system heats the explosion reaction container 1 by controlling the high-temperature oven 14, monitors the temperature in the explosion reaction container 1 by the temperature sensor 2, and regulates and controls the temperature to the inside of the explosion reaction container 1 to create a required temperature environment;
c) a vacuum environment in the explosion reaction container 1 is created through a vacuum pump 12 in the gas distribution system, and a cooling water circulation system is started; the opening degree of the second valve 10-2 is controlled to further enable combustible liquid to be slowly injected into the explosion reaction container 1 through the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8, the combustible liquid is heated and gasified, after the internal pressure of the container is stable, the amount of the combustible liquid injected into the explosion reaction container 1 is accurately judged through the first digital display pressure gauge 5-1, the amount of air required to be introduced into the explosion reaction container 1 is calculated according to the required air distribution proportion, and then the third valve 10-3 is opened to be filled with air through the high-pressure air steel cylinder 13; after the high-temperature high-pressure gas mixture in the explosion reaction container 1 is prepared, mixing the high-temperature high-pressure gas mixture in the explosion reaction container 1 by a gas circulating pump 11, and closing the gas circulating pump 11 after uniform mixing; if the pressure of the mixed gas prepared according to the concentration of the combustible liquid vapor in the explosion reaction container 1 exceeds the preset pressure, opening a fourth valve 10-4 to discharge the redundant gas into the explosion reaction container 1 to reach the preset pressure;
d) control and data acquisition system 4 connect and trigger the igniter to 20 issue ignition instructions of ignition electrode, and when the high temperature high pressure gas mixture took place to explode in the explosion reaction container 1, pressure sensor 3 measured the pressure in the explosion reaction container 1, and temperature sensor 2 measures the temperature in the explosion reaction container 1 to with measured data transmission to control and data acquisition system 4, according to the explosion pressure rate of rise, judge whether explode and measure the explosion limit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes a liquid pump to inject combustible liquid in a combustible liquid storage tank into a magnetic turning plate liquid level meter, after a vacuum pump is utilized to vacuumize an explosion reaction container, a high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder is used to pressurize the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter, and the combustible liquid is pumped into a high-temperature explosion reaction container. After the combustible liquid is gasified into steam, air is introduced, and the steam is uniformly mixed by a gas circulating pump, so that the environment of uniformly mixing at high temperature and high pressure is realized. The testing medium can reach the initial temperature of 500 ℃ and the initial pressure of 5MPa, so that the requirements of testing high temperature and high pressure according to the explosion limit of combustible liquid vapor under the actual industrial environment can be met, boundary conditions are provided for industrial production, and the guarantee of safe production is provided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid vapor explosion limit testing system.
In the figure: 1 explosion reaction vessel; 2 a temperature sensor; 3 a pressure sensor; 4 control and data acquisition systems; 5, digitally displaying a pressure gauge; 6 combustible liquid; 7, a liquid pump is drawn; 8 magnetic turn-over plate liquid level meter; 9 high-pressure nitrogen cylinder; 10 a valve; 11 a gas circulation pump; 12 a vacuum pump; 13 high-pressure air steel cylinder; 14, high-temperature baking oven; 15 water circulating pump; 16 water pipes; 17 a cold water tank; 18 an igniter; 19 heating wires; 20 an ignition electrode; 5-1, a first digital display pressure gauge; 5-2 a second digital display pressure gauge; 10-1 a first valve; 10-2 a second valve; 10-3 a third valve; 10-4 fourth valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The test of the upper limit of acetic acid vapor explosion at 350 ℃ and 3MPa is exemplified below, in which the concentration of acetic acid vapor in this test is 30%. The invention is introduced to carry out the specific process of testing the explosion limit of the high-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid:
referring to fig. 1, the system for testing the explosion characteristics of high-temperature and high-pressure combustible gas and the working method thereof according to the invention comprise an explosion reaction container 1, a liquid injection system, a heating system, a cooling water circulation system, a gas distribution system, an ignition system, a temperature sensor 2, a pressure sensor 3 and a control and data acquisition system 4.
The explosion reaction container 1 provides a place for uniform mixing and explosion reaction for a high-temperature high-pressure medium, and is heated to 350 ℃ by a heating system; the explosion reaction container 1 is also provided with a temperature sensor 2, a pressure sensor 3, an ignition system and a first digital display pressure gauge 5-1; the temperature sensor 2 is inserted into the explosion reaction container 1 near the center, the pressure sensor 3 is tangent to the inner wall surface of the explosion reaction container 1, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the control and data acquisition system 4; the temperature sensor 2 and the first digital display pressure gauge 5-1 respectively monitor the temperature and the pressure in the spherical explosion reaction container 1 in real time when the temperature and the pressure reach 350 ℃ and 3 MPa; the pressure sensor 3 is used for monitoring the dynamic change of the internal pressure of the explosion reaction container 1 at the moment of explosion;
referring to fig. 1, the liquid injection system in the high-temperature high-pressure combustible gas explosion characteristic test system and the working method thereof according to the invention comprises an acetic acid liquid-combustible liquid storage tank 6, a liquid pump 7, a magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 and a high-pressure nitrogen gas steel cylinder 9, wherein the liquid pump 7 is respectively connected with the combustible liquid storage tank 6 and the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8, and the liquid pump 7 is used for pumping combustible liquid from the combustible liquid storage tank 6 to the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8; the top of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 is connected with a high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder 9 through a pipeline, the bottom of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter is connected with an explosion reaction container 1 through a pipeline, a first valve 10-1 is arranged between the top of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 and the high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder 9, and a second valve 10-2 is arranged on a pipeline between the bottom of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 and the explosion reaction container 1; the top of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 is also respectively connected with a second digital display pressure gauge 5-2 and an exhaust valve through pipelines;
referring to fig. 1, the gas distribution system in the high temperature and high pressure combustible gas explosion characteristic test system and the working method thereof according to the present invention comprises a fourth valve 10-4, a gas circulation pump 11, a vacuum pump 12, and a high pressure air steel cylinder 13; the fourth valve 10-4 is arranged on a pipeline led out from the explosion reaction container 1 and used for discharging redundant gas into the explosion reaction container 1 to reach 2 MPa; the high-pressure air steel cylinder 13 is connected with the explosion reaction container 1, and a third valve 10-3 is arranged on a pipeline between the high-pressure air steel cylinder and the explosion reaction container 1 and is used for introducing air into the explosion reaction container 1; the vacuum pump 12 is connected with the explosion reaction container 1 and is used for creating a vacuum environment in the explosion reaction container 1; the gas circulation pump 11 is connected with the explosion reaction vessel 1 so as to uniformly mix the high-temperature high-pressure combustible gas in the explosion reaction vessel 1; a first digital display pressure gauge 5-1 and a third needle valve 10-3 are respectively used for controlling the volume of gas input into the explosion reaction container 1;
referring to fig. 1, the heating system in the high temperature and high pressure combustible gas explosion characteristic testing system and the working method thereof according to the present invention includes a high temperature oven 14 for heating an explosion reaction vessel 1.
Referring to fig. 1, a pressure sensor 3 in a high-temperature high-pressure combustible gas explosion characteristic testing system and a working method thereof according to the present invention is wrapped by a cooling water circulation system;
referring to fig. 1, the cooling water circulation system in the high-temperature high-pressure combustible gas explosion characteristic testing system and the working method thereof according to the invention comprises a water circulation pump 15, a water pipe 16 and a cold water tank 17, wherein when the temperature is raised, the water circulation pump 15 drives cold water in the cold water tank 17 to circularly reduce the temperature through the water pipe 16 which is fixed around the outer side of the pressure sensor 3.
Referring to fig. 1, the ignition system in the system for testing explosion characteristics of high-temperature and high-pressure combustible gas and the operating method thereof according to the present invention provides ignition energy for the high-temperature and high-pressure mixed combustible gas in the explosion reaction vessel 1, and includes an igniter 18, a heating wire 19, and an ignition electrode 20; an ignition electrode 20 is inserted into the geometric center of the explosion reaction container 1, and a heating wire 19 is arranged; the ignition electrode 20 is connected to the igniter 18 through a lead, and the control and data acquisition system 4 sends an ignition instruction through the igniter 18 to ignite the high-temperature high-pressure combustible gas mixture in the explosion reaction container 1;
the control and data acquisition system 4 is used for monitoring and recording the pressure and temperature changes in the explosion reaction container 1 in real time, controlling the ignition time and providing different ignition energies by changing the ignition time length of the electric heating wire 19.
Referring to fig. 1, according to the system for testing the explosion characteristics of the high-temperature and high-pressure combustible gas and the working method thereof, a first valve 10-1, a second valve 10-2, a third valve 10-3 and a fourth valve 10-4 are high-temperature and high-pressure resistant needle valves, graphite packing, 30MPa of pressure bearing and 500 ℃ of high temperature resistance.
Referring to fig. 1, an explosion reaction container 1 of the high-temperature high-pressure combustible gas explosion characteristic testing system and the working method thereof according to the invention is made of 15CrMoR, has a volume of 20L and a maximum working pressure of 32MPa, and is placed in a high-temperature oven 14 for heating.
Referring to fig. 1, the operation steps of the system for testing the explosion characteristics of high-temperature and high-pressure combustible gas and the working method thereof according to the present invention are as follows:
(a) open the discharge valve on the magnetism board level gauge 8 that turns over, annotate the liquid system and pass through drawing liquid pump 7 combustible liquid pump in with combustible liquid storage tank 6 and turn over in the board level gauge 8 magnetism, survey through the scale registration of magnetism board level gauge 8 and annotate the liquid total volume and reach 3L, can supply the use of experiment of probably 10 times. After the liquid injection of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 is finished, the liquid pump 7 is closed, the exhaust valve on the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 is opened, and the first valve 10-1 on the high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder 9 is opened to inject pressure to the combustible liquid in the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter 8 for gas distribution in the explosion reaction container 1.
(b) The heating system heats the explosion reaction container 1 by controlling the high-temperature oven 14, and monitors when the temperature in the explosion reaction container 1 reaches 350 ℃ by the temperature sensor 2;
(c) a vacuum environment in the explosion reaction container 1 is created through a vacuum pump 12 in the gas distribution system, and a cooling water circulation system is started; through controlling the opening degree of the second valve 10-2 and then making combustible liquid slowly pour into 300ml (the concentration of gasification is slightly higher than 30%) acetic acid liquid to the explosion reaction container 1 into by magnetism turn over board level gauge 8, combustible liquid is heated gasification, treats the container internal pressure and stabilizes the back, through the accurate volume of judging the combustible liquid that has poured into to the explosion reaction container 1 of first digital display manometer 5-1: in this example, assuming that the pressure in the explosion reaction container 1 can be increased by 0.93MPa after the acetic acid is stably injected and gasified, in order to prepare 3MPa high-temperature and high-pressure combustible gas with 30% acetic acid vapor concentration by the partial pressure method, the third valve 10-3 needs to be opened to charge air through the high-pressure air steel cylinder 13 until the pressure in the explosion reaction container 1 reaches 3.1 MPa; after the high-temperature high-pressure gas mixture in the explosion reaction container 1 is prepared, mixing the high-temperature high-pressure gas mixture in the explosion reaction container 1 by a gas circulating pump 11, and closing the gas circulating pump 11 after uniform mixing; when the pressure of mixed gas prepared in the explosion reaction container 1 according to the concentration of combustible liquid vapor reaches 3.1MPa and exceeds 3MPa, a fourth valve 10-4 is required to be opened to discharge redundant gas to the explosion reaction container 1 to reach 3 MPa;
(d) control and data acquisition system 4 connect and trigger the igniter to 20 issue ignition instructions of ignition electrode, and when the high temperature high pressure gas mixture took place to explode in the explosion reaction container 1, pressure sensor 3 measured the pressure in the explosion reaction container 1, and temperature sensor 2 measures the temperature in the explosion reaction container 1 to with measured data transmission to control and data acquisition system 4, according to the explosion pressure rate of rise, judge whether explode and measure the explosion limit.
Claims (4)
1. A high-temperature high-pressure combustible liquid vapor explosion limit test system is characterized by comprising an explosion reaction container (1), a liquid injection system, a heating system, a cooling water circulation system, a gas distribution system, an ignition system, a temperature sensor (2), a pressure sensor (3) and a control and data acquisition system (4);
the explosion reaction container (1) provides a place for uniform mixing and explosion reaction for a high-temperature high-pressure medium, and is heated by a heating system; the explosion reaction container (1) is also provided with a temperature sensor (2), a pressure sensor (3), an ignition system and a first digital display pressure gauge (5-1); the temperature sensor (2) is inserted into the explosion reaction container (1) near the center, the pressure sensor (3) is tangent to the inner wall surface of the explosion reaction container (1), and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are connected to the control and data acquisition system (4); the temperature sensor (2) and the first digital display pressure gauge (5-1) respectively monitor the temperature and pressure change inside the spherical explosion reaction container (1) in real time; the pressure sensor (3) is used for monitoring the dynamic change of the internal pressure of the explosion reaction container (1) at the moment of explosion;
the liquid injection system comprises a combustible liquid storage tank (6), a liquid pump (7), a magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8) and a high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder (9), wherein the liquid pump (7) is respectively connected with the combustible liquid storage tank (6) and the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8), and the liquid pump (7) is used for pumping combustible liquid from the combustible liquid storage tank (6) to the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8); the top of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8) is connected with a high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder (9) through a pipeline, the bottom of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter is connected with an explosion reaction container (1) through a pipeline, a first valve (10-1) is arranged between the top of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8) and the high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder (9), and a second valve (10-2) is arranged on a pipeline between the bottom of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8) and the explosion reaction container (1); the top of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8) is also respectively connected with a second digital display pressure gauge (5-2) and an exhaust valve through pipelines;
the gas distribution system comprises a fourth valve (10-4), a gas circulating pump (11), a vacuum pump (12) and a high-pressure air steel cylinder (13); the fourth valve (10-4) is arranged on a pipeline led out from the explosion reaction container (1) and used for discharging redundant gas into the explosion reaction container (1) to reach preset pressure; the high-pressure air steel cylinder (13) is connected with the explosion reaction container (1), and a third valve (10-3) is arranged on a pipeline between the high-pressure air steel cylinder and the explosion reaction container and is used for introducing air into the explosion reaction container (1); the vacuum pump (12) is connected with the explosion reaction container (1) and is used for creating a vacuum environment in the explosion reaction container (1); the gas circulating pump (11) is connected with the explosion reaction container (1) so as to uniformly mix high-temperature and high-pressure combustible gas in the explosion reaction container (1); a first digital display pressure gauge (5-1) and a third needle valve (10-3) are respectively used for controlling the volume of gas input into the explosion reaction container (1);
the heating system comprises a high-temperature oven (14) for heating the explosion reaction container (1);
the pressure sensor (3) is wrapped by a cooling water circulation system;
the cooling water circulation system comprises a water circulation pump (15), a water pipe (16) and a cold water tank (17), and when the temperature is raised, the water circulation pump (15) drives cold water in the cold water tank (17) to circularly reduce the temperature through the water pipe (16) fixed on the outer side of the pressure sensor (3) in a surrounding manner;
the ignition system provides ignition energy for high-temperature and high-pressure mixed combustible gas in the explosion reaction container (1), and comprises an igniter (18), an electric heating wire (19) and an ignition electrode (20); an ignition electrode (20) is inserted into the geometric center of the explosion reaction container (1) and an electric heating wire (19) is arranged; the ignition electrode (20) is connected to the igniter (18) through a lead, and the control and data acquisition system (4) sends an ignition instruction through the igniter (18) to ignite the high-temperature high-pressure combustible gas mixture in the explosion reaction container (1);
the control and data acquisition system (4) is used for monitoring and recording the pressure and temperature change in the explosion reaction container (1) in real time, controlling the ignition time and providing different ignition energy by changing the ignition time of the electric heating wire (19).
2. The high temperature and high pressure flammable liquid vapor explosion limit testing system of claim 1, wherein: the first valve (10-1), the second valve (10-2), the third valve (10-3) and the fourth valve (10-4) are high-temperature and high-pressure resistant needle valves and graphite packing, and bear the pressure of 30MPa and resist the high temperature of 500 ℃.
3. A high temperature high pressure flammable liquid vapor explosion limit testing system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the explosion reaction container (1) is made of 15CrMoR material, has the volume of 20L and the maximum working pressure of 32MPa, and is placed in a high-temperature oven (14) for heating.
4. A method of operating a high temperature and high pressure flammable liquid vapor explosion limit testing system according to any one of claims 1-3, including the steps of:
(a) opening an exhaust valve on the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8), pumping combustible liquid in the combustible liquid storage tank (6) into the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8) through a liquid pump (7) by the liquid injection system, and observing the total liquid injection amount through scale indication of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8); after the liquid injection of the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8) is finished, closing the liquid pump (7), opening an exhaust valve on the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8), and opening a first valve (10-1) on a high-pressure nitrogen steel cylinder (9) to inject pressure to combustible liquid in the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8) for use when gas is distributed in the explosion reaction container (1);
(b) the heating system heats the explosion reaction container (1) by controlling the high-temperature oven (14), monitors the temperature in the explosion reaction container (1) by the temperature sensor (2), and regulates and controls the temperature to the inside of the explosion reaction container (1) to create a required temperature environment;
(c) a vacuum environment in the explosion reaction container (1) is created through a vacuum pump (12) in the gas distribution system, and a cooling water circulation system is started; the opening degree of the second valve (10-2) is controlled, so that combustible liquid is slowly injected into the explosion reaction container (1) through the magnetic turning plate liquid level meter (8), the combustible liquid is heated and gasified, after the internal pressure of the container is stable, the quantity of the combustible liquid injected into the explosion reaction container (1) is accurately judged through the first digital display pressure gauge (5-1), the quantity of air required to be introduced into the explosion reaction container (1) is calculated according to the required air distribution proportion, and then the third valve (10-3) is opened to be filled with the air through the high-pressure air steel cylinder (13); after the high-temperature high-pressure gas mixture in the explosion reaction container (1) is prepared, mixing the high-temperature high-pressure gas mixture in the explosion reaction container (1) by a gas circulating pump (11), and closing the gas circulating pump (11) after the mixture is uniformly mixed; if the pressure of the mixed gas prepared according to the concentration of the combustible liquid vapor in the explosion reaction container (1) exceeds the preset pressure, opening a fourth valve (10-4) to discharge the redundant gas into the explosion reaction container (1) to reach the preset pressure;
(d) control and data acquisition system (4) are connected and are triggered the igniter and issue the ignition instruction to ignition electrode (20), when high temperature high pressure gas mixture took place the explosion in explosion reaction container (1), pressure sensor (3) measure the pressure in explosion reaction container (1), temperature sensor (2) measure the temperature in the explosion reaction container (1), and with measured data transmission to control and data acquisition system (4), according to the explosion pressure rate of rise, judge whether explode and measure the explosion limit.
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