CN102937603B - High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester, measures method and the application of explosion limits - Google Patents
High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester, measures method and the application of explosion limits Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of novel High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester, it comprises: material gas supply device, blast determinator, vacuum generating device and control device; Described blast determinator primarily of pressure transducer, temperature sensor, lighter composition, for measuring the explosion limits of described gas or steam, explosion pressure and blast temperature; Described vacuum generating device is used for vacuumizing blast determinator; Described control device is for measuring, controlling and collect the experimental data of the generation in experimentation.Relative to prior art, High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester temperature test scope of the present invention is room temperature ~ 400 DEG C, higher than the maximum temperature (200 DEG C) of existing standard Instrumental, pressure limit is normal pressure ~ 2.2MPa, higher than the top pressure (1.38MPa) of existing standard Instrumental, test volume 10L, volume is greater than existing tube-type explosive limit test instrument, can better reduce wall effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to petrochemical complex security industry field, particularly relate to a kind of tester measuring inflammable gas or steam explosion limits under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
Background technology
Generally all inflammable gas can be related to or steam reacts under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions under petrochemical process condition, reactor, inflammable gas and air is often there is in tower or pipeline, or certain density oxygen, the state coexisted, once its concentration proportioning reaches the explosible limit concentration under this working condition, then probably set off an explosion under the exciting of electrostatic spark, for this reason, need a kind of can the explosion limits of inflammable gas under simulated condition condition and under this condition can be tested out, and then provide boundary condition for explained hereafter, thus avoid the device carrying out explosive test for inflammable gas and steam at high temperature under high pressure of the generation of peril, therefore this inflammable gas or the explosion limits of steam under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions is measured, generation dangerous in petrochemical complex is produced can be prevented.
The device of test explosion limits has both at home and abroad at present: the 5L blast ball that Unite States Standard (USS) ASTME681-04 (i.e. GB/T21844-2008) introduces; The tube-type explosive limit test instrument that Chinese Industrial Standards (CIS) GB12474 introduces; The 1.5L tube-type explosive limit test instrument that British standard (BS) EN1839-2003 introduces; The 1L tube-type explosive limit test instrument that Unite States Standard (USS) ASTME918 introduces.Front 3 cover instruments are all for the test under normal pressure and condition of negative pressure, only have the 4th cover experimental provision, but the volume of 1L can because wall effect make test result have deviation for the test of high pressure under process conditions.The explosion limits tester probe temperature introduced in existing standard is up to 200 DEG C, and the temperature more than 200 DEG C can have an impact to encapsulant and electronic devices and components, effectively cannot detect explosion limits.
This instrument customer service temperature, on the impact of encapsulant and electronic devices and components, can test the explosion limits under DEG C condition of room temperature ~ 400.Pressure test scope is normal pressure ~ 2.2MPa, higher than the 1.38MPa of ASTME918 standard.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of novel mensuration inflammable gas or the explosion limits of steam under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, under which overcoming hot conditions, (more than 200 DEG C) are on the impact of encapsulant and electronic devices and components, the temperature and pressure that the instrument that measures explosion limits does not reach can be measured in prior art, can Range of measuring temp be room temperature to 400 DEG C, can test pressure scope be that normal pressure is to 2.2MPa, far above explosion limits tester temperature and pressure scope in prior art, it better can determine the controlled condition of oxygen content for oxygenous under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and working condition that is combustible material.
Based on this, the invention provides a kind of novel High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester, it comprises: material gas supply device, blast determinator, vacuum generating device and control device;
For there is, transmitting inflammable gas to be determined or steam and oxygen, nitrogen to the determinator that explodes in described material gas supply device;
Described blast determinator primarily of pressure transducer, temperature sensor, lighter composition, for measuring the explosion limits of described inflammable gas or steam, explosion pressure and blast temperature;
Described vacuum generating device is used for vacuumizing blast determinator;
Described control device is for measuring, controlling and collect the experimental data of the generation in experimentation.
Wherein, described material gas supply device comprises evaporating kettle, described evaporating kettle is configured with safety valve, for monitor the change of material pressure in described evaporating kettle tensimeter, for monitoring temperature sensor and the stirrer of temperature variation in described evaporating kettle.
Wherein, described blast determinator comprises high-pressure reactor and low-pressure reactor.
Wherein, described high-pressure reactor is provided with a dynamic temperature sensor, three dynamic pressure transducers and six ordinary temp sensors, be convenient to monitor described high-pressure reactor internal temperature and pressure changing in real time, the tube wall that two dynamic pressure transducers are placed on the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with the firing tip of high-pressure reactor upper top combinationally uses and tests blast wave speed, another dynamic pressure transducer is placed at the bottom of the pipe of the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with firing tip and tests maximum explosion pressure; Test flame temperature on the tube wall that described dynamic temperature sensor is placed in the other end of the contrary high-pressure reactor of described high-pressure reactor firing tip; The tube wall that described six ordinary temp sensors are dispersed in high-pressure reactor carries out monitoring temperature to pipe surface temperature.
Wherein, the body of described low-pressure reactor is provided with three bar shaped forms, described form adopts fluorine rubber sealing, be convenient to observe the response situation in described low-pressure reactor, one end of described low-pressure reactor is provided with pressure transducer, for detecting the situation of change of pressure in described low-pressure reactor, in low-pressure reactor, being also provided with six ordinary temp sensors, being dispersed on low-pressure reactor tube wall and monitoring temperature is carried out to tube wall.
Wherein, at the tail end of described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve can also be housed, described rupture disk and described safety valve for exceed described high-pressure reactor and can bear maximum pressure time, play the effect of pressure release, be furnished with lighter at the firing tip at the top of described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor, can adopt that high-voltage electric shock is lighted a fire, chemic ignition or fuse igniting.
Wherein, the design temperature scope of described high-pressure reactor is normal temperature ~ 400 DEG C, and design pressure scope is 0 ~ 22MPa, and the design temperature scope of described low-pressure reactor is normal temperature ~ 400 DEG C, and design pressure scope is 0 ~ 6MPa.
Present invention also offers a kind of novel High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester, it comprises: material gas supply device, blast determinator, vacuum generating device and control device;
Described material gas supply device comprises evaporating kettle further, and described evaporating kettle is configured with safety valve, for monitor the change of material pressure in described evaporating kettle tensimeter, for monitoring the temperature sensor of temperature variation in described evaporating kettle;
Described blast determinator comprises high-pressure reactor and low-pressure reactor further;
Described high-pressure reactor is provided with a dynamic temperature sensor, three dynamic pressure transducers and six ordinary temp sensors, be convenient to monitor described high-pressure reactor internal temperature and pressure changing in real time, the tube wall that two dynamic pressure transducers are placed on the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with the firing tip of high-pressure reactor upper top combinationally uses and tests blast wave speed, another dynamic pressure transducer is placed at the bottom of the pipe of the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with firing tip and tests maximum explosion pressure; Test flame temperature on the tube wall that described dynamic temperature sensor is placed in the other end of the contrary high-pressure reactor of described high-pressure reactor firing tip; The tube wall that described six ordinary temp sensors are dispersed in high-pressure reactor carries out monitoring temperature to pipe surface temperature;
At the tail end of described high-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve are housed;
Lighter is furnished with at the top firing tip of described high-pressure reactor;
The body of described low-pressure reactor is provided with three bar shaped forms, described form adopts fluorine rubber sealing;
One end of described low-pressure reactor is provided with pressure transducer, for detecting the situation of change of pressure in described low-pressure reactor, also be provided with six ordinary temp sensors in low-pressure reactor, be dispersed on low-pressure reactor tube wall and monitoring temperature is carried out to tube wall;
At the tail end of described low-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve are housed;
Lighter is furnished with at the top firing tip of described low-pressure reactor;
Be connected by pipeline between described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor, pipeline arranges micrometering valve, by regulating described micrometering valve, the inflammable gas that supplies in described material gas supply device or steam is made to send in described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor;
Described vacuum generating device comprises vacuum pump and vacuum buffer tank, is vacuumized described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor by described vacuum pump;
Described control device is PLC control system, for measuring, controlling and collect the experimental data of the generation in experimentation.
Present invention also offers and adopt above-mentioned High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester to carry out explosion limits method for measuring, it comprises:
The first step, adopts nitrogen to purge described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor;
Second step, adopts described vacuum pump to vacuumize described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor;
3rd step, puts into liquid material through heating evaporation in described evaporating kettle, obtains steam;
4th step, as required, when carry out detonation velocity, blast temperature test time, choice for use high-pressure reactor, low-pressure reactor is used when carrying out the test of explosion limits, pass into the combustible vapor of proper ratio according to the material composition under working condition, the intake of gas or steam calculates according to intrinsic standoff ratio;
5th step, material passes into rear ON cycle blower fan, and mixing of materials is even, by igniter fire, record ignition conditions; After igniting, tail gas drains through tail gas discharging pipe, judge the intrinsic standoff ratio of next step inflammable gas of testing or steam according to ignition conditions, repeat step one to step 4, till determining inflammable gas or steam detonation velocity at high temperature under high pressure, blast temperature or explosion limits;
6th step, after reaction terminates, discharges the residue in described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor.
Present invention also offers the application of above-mentioned High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester in petrochemical complex safety in production.
The technique effect that the present invention is useful is:
Relative to prior art, High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester temperature test scope of the present invention is room temperature ~ 400 DEG C, higher than the maximum temperature (200 DEG C) of existing instrument, pressure limit is normal pressure ~ 2.2MPa, higher than the top pressure (1.38MPa) of existing instrument, test volume 10L, volume is greater than existing tube-type explosive limit test instrument, can better reduce wall effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the johning knot composition of High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester of the present invention;
In figure: 1-evaporating kettle; 2-evaporating kettle liquid outlet opening; 3-stirrer; 4-tensimeter; 5-rupture disk; 6-temperature sensor; 7-gas cylinder sample introduction needle-valve; 8-retaining valve; 9-high-pressure reactor import needle-valve; 10-control device; 11A B-lighter; 12A-high-pressure reactor; 12B-low-pressure reactor; 13-dynamic pressure transducer; 14A B-rupture disk; 15A B-temperature sensor; 16-bar shaped form; 17A B-pressure transducer; 18-vacuum buffer tank; 19-vacuum pump; 20A B-circulating fan; 21-dynamic temperature sensor; 22-tail gas discharging pipe; 23-evaporating kettle retaining valve; 24-needle-valve; 25-low-pressure reactor sample introduction needle-valve; 26-vacuum pump ball valve switch; 27A B-safety valve.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of novel High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester, it comprises: material gas supply device, blast determinator, vacuum generating device and control device;
Carry respectively to explode gas to be determined described in determinator or steam and oxygen, nitrogen for there is, transmitting gas to be determined or steam and oxygen, nitrogen;
Described blast determinator primarily of pressure transducer, temperature sensor, lighter composition, for measuring the explosion limits of described gas or steam, explosion pressure and blast temperature;
Described vacuum generating device is used for vacuumizing blast determinator;
Described control device is for measuring, controlling and collect the experimental data of the generation in experimentation.
Described material gas supply device comprises evaporating kettle, described evaporating kettle is configured with safety valve, for monitor the change of material pressure in described evaporating kettle tensimeter, for monitoring temperature sensor, the stirrer of temperature variation in described evaporating kettle.
Described blast determinator comprises high-pressure reactor and low-pressure reactor.
Described high-pressure reactor is provided with a dynamic temperature sensor, three dynamic pressure transducers and six ordinary temp sensors, be convenient to monitor described high-pressure reactor internal temperature and pressure changing in real time, the tube wall that two dynamic pressure transducers are placed on the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with the firing tip of high-pressure reactor upper top combinationally uses and tests blast wave speed, another dynamic pressure transducer is placed at the bottom of the pipe of the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with firing tip and tests maximum explosion pressure; Test flame temperature on the tube wall that described dynamic temperature sensor is placed in the other end of the contrary high-pressure reactor of described high-pressure reactor firing tip; The tube wall that described six ordinary temp sensors are dispersed in high-pressure reactor carries out monitoring temperature to pipe surface temperature.
Six ordinary temp sensor monitoring reaction under high pressure actuator temperatures and adjustment temperature are used, and dynamic pressure transducer test explosion pressure data are used, and dynamic temperature sensor test blast temperature is used.
At the tail end of described high-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve can also be housed, described rupture disk and described safety valve for exceed described high-pressure reactor and can bear maximum pressure time, play the effect of pressure release.
Be furnished with lighter at the top firing tip of described high-pressure reactor, high-voltage electric shock igniting, chemic ignition or fuse igniting can be adopted.
The volume of described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor is preferably 8L ~ 12L, more preferably 10L.
The design temperature scope of described high-pressure reactor is normal temperature ~ 400 DEG C, design pressure scope is 0 ~ 22MPa, the shape of described high-pressure reactor is preferably round tubular, its length-diameter ratio is preferably >=5, high-pressure reactor is made by 304 stainless steels, 304 stainless steels are stainless steel materials of a kind of versatility, and rustless property is eager to excel than the stainless steel material of 200 series.High temperature resistant aspect is also relatively good, most high energy is to 1000 ~ 1200 degree, conventional instrument is because the consideration of seal and electric elements heatproof can only accomplish 150 ~ 200 degree, in addition, different selections has also been made in the material character change that the present invention is directed to high temperature generation, as seal selects graphite material, electric elements high temperature position has done partial water circulating cooling.
The body of described low-pressure reactor is provided with three bar shaped forms, described form adopts fluorine rubber sealing, be convenient to observe the response situation in described low-pressure reactor, one end of described low-pressure reactor is provided with pressure transducer, for detecting the situation of change of pressure in described low-pressure reactor, also be provided with six ordinary temp sensors in described low-pressure reactor, be dispersed on low-pressure reactor tube wall and monitoring temperature is carried out to tube wall.
Low-pressure reactor is from the different of high-pressure reactor: 1. add form; 2 lack dynamically pressure testing; 3 lack dynamic temperature test.
At the tail end of described low-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve can also be housed, described rupture disk and described safety valve for exceed described low-pressure reactor and can bear maximum pressure time, play the effect of pressure release.
Described bar shaped form is preferably three.
Be furnished with lighter at the top firing tip of described low-pressure reactor, high-voltage electric shock igniting, chemic ignition or fuse igniting can be adopted.
Described high-pressure reactor and low-pressure reactor all adopt copper sheathing to heat, and adopt Insulation to be incubated at the joint flange place with other devices.
The design temperature usable range of described low-pressure reactor is normal temperature ~ 400 DEG C, and design pressure usable range is 0 ~ 6MPa, and low-pressure reactor material is identical with high-pressure reactor, and just voltage withstand class is different, and pipe thickness is different.
Be connected by pipeline between described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor, pipeline arranges micrometering valve, by regulating described micrometering valve, the steam that described material gas supply device is supplied is sent in described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor.
Described vacuum generating device comprises vacuum pump and vacuum buffer tank.
The volume of described vacuum buffer tank is preferably 4L ~ 6L, more preferably 5L.
Described control device is PLC control system.
Present invention also offers a kind of novel High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester, it comprises: material gas supply device, blast determinator, vacuum generating device and control device;
Described material gas supply device comprises evaporating kettle further, and described evaporating kettle is configured with safety valve, for monitor the change of material pressure in described evaporating kettle tensimeter, for monitoring the temperature sensor of temperature variation in described evaporating kettle;
Described high-pressure reactor is provided with a dynamic temperature sensor, three dynamic pressure transducers and six ordinary temp sensors, be convenient to monitor described high-pressure reactor internal temperature and pressure changing in real time, the tube wall that two dynamic pressure transducers are placed on the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with the firing tip of high-pressure reactor upper top combinationally uses and tests blast wave speed, another dynamic pressure transducer is placed at the bottom of the pipe of the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with firing tip and tests maximum explosion pressure; Test flame temperature on the tube wall that described dynamic temperature sensor is placed in the other end of the contrary high-pressure reactor of described high-pressure reactor firing tip; The tube wall that described six ordinary temp sensors are dispersed in high-pressure reactor carries out monitoring temperature to pipe surface temperature;
At the tail end of described high-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve are housed;
Lighter is furnished with at the top firing tip of described high-pressure reactor;
The body of described low-pressure reactor is provided with three bar shaped forms, described form adopts fluorine rubber sealing;
One end of described low-pressure reactor is provided with pressure transducer, for detecting the situation of change of pressure in described low-pressure reactor, also be provided with six ordinary temp sensors in low-pressure reactor, be dispersed on low-pressure reactor tube wall and monitoring temperature is carried out to tube wall;
At the tail end of described low-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve are housed;
Lighter is furnished with at the top firing tip of described low-pressure reactor;
Being connected by pipeline between described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor, pipeline arranges micrometering valve, by regulating described micrometering valve, making the steam supplied in described material gas supply device send in described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor;
Described vacuum generating device comprises vacuum pump and vacuum buffer tank, is vacuumized described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor by described vacuum pump;
Described control device is PLC control system, for measuring, controlling and collect the experimental data of the generation in experimentation.
Further, described High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester is only made up of said apparatus.
Present invention also offers and adopt above-mentioned High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester to carry out explosion limits method for measuring, it comprises:
The first step, adopts nitrogen to purge described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor;
Second step, adopts described vacuum pump to vacuumize described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor;
3rd step, puts into liquid material through heating evaporation in described evaporating kettle, obtains steam;
4th step, as required, when carry out explosion velocity, quick-fried temperature test time, choice for use high-pressure reactor, uses low-pressure reactor when carrying out the test of explosion limits, passes into inflammable gas or the steam of proper ratio according to the material composition under working condition;
5th step, material passes into rear ON cycle blower fan, and mixing of materials is even, pass through igniter fire, record ignition conditions, after igniting, tail gas drains through tail gas discharging pipe, judges next step inventory of testing according to ignition conditions, repeat step one to step 4, till determining inflammable gas or steam detonation velocity at high temperature under high pressure, blast temperature or explosion limits;
6th step, after reaction terminates, discharges the residue in described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor.
Described lower explosive limit=(the gas maximum concentration do not fired+fire gas least concentration)/2.
Described upper explosion limit=(the gas maximum concentration fired+do not fire gas least concentration)/2.
The mensuration example of described combustible gas explosion limit can be: such as combustable gas concentration 2.0% fires, combustable gas concentration 2.2% fires, then the explosion limits of inflammable gas under probe temperature pressure (lower limit) is (2.2%+2.0%)/2=2.1%, combustable gas concentration 2.0% is got by intrinsic standoff ratio, as tested at ambient pressure, P0=101kPa, then the combustible gas scale of construction passed into is P0*2.0%=2.02kPa, then carrys out sample introduction with the tensimeter on device.
In described 4th step, gas passes into through valve, and steam is passed into by evaporating kettle, now inside high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor containing the organic combustible gas under working condition or steam, air or oxygen-enriched air.
Present invention also offers the application of above-mentioned High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester in petrochemical complex safety in production.
Below adopt embodiment and accompanying drawing to describe embodiments of the present invention in detail, to the present invention, how application technology means solve technical matters whereby, and the implementation procedure reaching technique effect can fully understand and implement according to this.
Fig. 1 shows High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester provided by the invention, and it comprises material gas supply device, blast determinator, vacuum generating device and control device; Described material gas supply device comprises evaporating kettle 1 further, described evaporating kettle 1 is configured with safety valve 5, tensimeter 4, temperature sensor 6, stirrer 3; Described blast determinator comprises high-pressure reactor 12A and low-pressure reactor 12B further; Described high-pressure reactor 12A is provided with a dynamic temperature sensor 21, three dynamic pressure transducers 13 and six ordinary temp sensors 15, two dynamic pressure transducers 13 are placed on to hold with the lighter 11A of high-pressure reactor 12A upper top the tube wall of the contrary other end combinationally uses tests blast wave speed, and another dynamic pressure transducer 13 is placed at the bottom of the pipe of the other end contrary with lighter 11 end and tests maximum explosion pressure; Described dynamic temperature sensor 21 is placed in test flame temperature of coming up at the bottom of the pipe of the contrary other end of described high-pressure reactor 13 lighter 11 end; The tube wall that described six ordinary temp sensors 15 are dispersed in high-pressure reactor 12A carries out monitoring temperature to pipe surface temperature; At the tail end of described high-pressure reactor 12A, rupture disk 14A and safety valve 27A is housed; Lighter 11A is furnished with at the top of described high-pressure reactor 12A; The body of described low-pressure reactor 12B is provided with three bar shaped forms 16, described form 16 adopts fluorine rubber sealing; One end of described low-pressure reactor 12B is provided with pressure transducer 17A; At the tail end of described low-pressure reactor 12B, rupture disk 14B and safety valve 27B is housed; Lighter 11B is furnished with at the top of described low-pressure reactor; Be connected by pipeline between described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor, pipeline arranges fine setting needle-valve 9,25, by regulating described fine setting needle-valve, the steam supplied in described material gas supply device is made to send in described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor; Described vacuum generating device comprises vacuum pump 18 and vacuum buffer tank 19, is vacuumized described high-pressure reactor 12A or low-pressure reactor 12B by described vacuum pump 18; Described control device is PLC control system, for measuring, controlling and collect the experimental data of the generation in experimentation.
After experiment starts, experimentally items selection high-pressure reactor 12A or low-pressure reactor 12B, by body heating temperatures to working temperature, carries out nitrogen purging, and open nitrogen valve, nitrogen passes into reactor by the road, is finally discharged by tail gas discharging pipe 22.
After three times purge, close the valve on nitrogen valve and tail gas discharging pipe 22, vacuumize high-pressure reactor 12A or low-pressure reactor 12B, in reactor, gas is through high-pressure reactor import needle-valve 9 or low-pressure reactor mouth sample needle-valve 25, enter surge tank 18, discharge through vacuum pump 19.
Material steam under working condition is entered high-pressure reactor 12A or low-pressure reactor 12B along 23 retaining valves through combustible gas needle-valve 24, high-pressure reactor import needle-valve 9 or low-pressure reactor sample introduction needle-valve 25 by 1 evaporating kettle by dividing potential drop, and oxygen and nitrogen or other gaseous fuel pass into high-pressure reactor 12A or low-pressure reactor 12B by steel cylinder by gas cylinder sample introduction needle-valve 7, retaining valve 8, combustible gas needle-valve 24, high-pressure reactor import needle-valve 9 or low-pressure reactor sample introduction needle-valve 25.
ON cycle blower fan 20A B, mix the valve at rear closedown blower fan two ends.
Open the dynamic pressure transducer 13 on high-pressure reactor 12A, dynamic temperature sensor 21, close static pressure sensor 17A simultaneously, igniting, record explosion pressure and blast temperature.
Low-pressure reactor is used for testing the explosion limits of combustible material, judges whether there occurs to fire by camera record flame by the situation of 3 view windows.
After igniting, open the valve of tail gas discharging pipe 22, combustion gas.
Experimentally situation determines whether to need adjustment gas input to test again.
Typical case: test the tert-butyl alcohol at 80 DEG C, the explosion pressure under 0.3MPaG condition and blast temperature.
Experimentally items selection high-pressure reactor 12A does maximum blast temperature and maximum explosion pressure, by body heating temperatures to 80 DEG C, carries out nitrogen purging, and open nitrogen valve, nitrogen passes into reactor by the road, is finally discharged by tail gas discharging pipe 22.
After three times purge, close the valve on nitrogen valve and tail gas discharging pipe 22, vacuumize high-pressure reactor 12A, in reactor, gas is through high-pressure reactor import needle-valve 9, enters surge tank 18, discharges through vacuum pump 19.
Tert-butyl alcohol steam is pressed dividing potential drop (as the tert-butyl alcohol steam of 5%, actual admission pressure is 5%*0.3MPaG=15kPa) enter high-pressure reactor 12A along 23 retaining valves through combustible gas needle-valve 24, high-pressure reactor import needle-valve 9 by 1 evaporating kettle, oxygen and nitrogen pass into high-pressure reactor 12A by steel cylinder by gas cylinder sample introduction needle-valve 7, retaining valve 8, combustible gas needle-valve 24, high-pressure reactor import needle-valve 9.
ON cycle blower fan 20A, mixes the valve at rear closedown blower fan two ends.
Open the dynamic pressure transducer 13 on high-pressure reactor 12A, dynamic temperature sensor 21, close static pressure sensor 17A simultaneously, igniting, record explosion pressure and blast temperature.
After igniting, open the valve of tail gas discharging pipe 22, combustion gas.
Two, tert-butyl alcohol explosion limits is at normal temperatures and pressures 2.3% ~ 8.0%, and the test tert-butyl alcohol is at 80 DEG C now, the explosion limits under 0.3MPaG condition.
Experimentally items selection low-pressure reactor 12B does explosion limits, by body heating temperatures to 80 DEG C, carries out nitrogen purging, and open nitrogen valve, nitrogen passes into reactor by the road, is finally discharged by tail gas discharging pipe 22.
After three times purge, close the valve on nitrogen valve and tail gas discharging pipe 22, vacuumize low-pressure reactor 12B, in reactor, gas is through low-pressure reactor mouth sample needle-valve 25, enters surge tank 18, discharges through vacuum pump 19.
By tert-butyl alcohol steam by the dividing potential drop (explosion limits of the known tert-butyl alcohol, high temperature and high pressure can cause explosion limits scope to become large, prediction lower limit is about 2.0%, then can pour the tert-butyl alcohol steam of 2.0%*0.3MPaG=6kPa) enter low-pressure reactor 12B along 23 retaining valves through combustible gas needle-valve 24, low-pressure reactor sample introduction needle-valve 25 by 1 evaporating kettle, oxygen and nitrogen pass into low-pressure reactor 12B by steel cylinder by gas cylinder sample introduction needle-valve 7, retaining valve 8, combustible gas needle-valve 24, low-pressure reactor sample introduction needle-valve 25.
ON cycle blower fan 20B, mixes the valve at rear closedown blower fan two ends.
Open video camera, judge whether there occurs by the situation of 3 view windows by camera record flame and fire.
After igniting, open the valve of tail gas discharging pipe 22, combustion gas.
Increase according to the situation that fires or reduce the input of the tert-butyl alcohol, until find the tert-butyl alcohol concentration fired and do not fire, described lower explosive limit=(the gas maximum concentration do not fired+fire gas least concentration)/2.
Described upper explosion limit=(the gas maximum concentration fired+do not fire gas least concentration)/2.
All above-mentioned this intellecture properties of primary enforcement, not setting restriction this new product of other forms of enforcement and/or new method.Those skilled in the art will utilize this important information, to foregoing amendment, to realize similar implementation status.But all modifications or transformation belong to the right of reservation based on new product of the present invention.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and be not restriction the present invention being made to other form, any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.But everyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, still belong to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester, is characterized in that, comprising: material gas supply device, blast determinator, vacuum generating device and control device;
For there is, transmitting steam to be determined and oxygen, nitrogen to the determinator that explodes in described material gas supply device;
Described blast determinator primarily of pressure transducer, temperature sensor, lighter composition, for measuring the explosion limits of described steam, explosion pressure and blast temperature;
Described vacuum generating device is used for vacuumizing blast determinator;
Described control device is for measuring, controlling and collect the experimental data produced in experimentation;
Described blast determinator comprises high-pressure reactor and low-pressure reactor;
Described high-pressure reactor is provided with a dynamic temperature sensor, three dynamic pressure transducers and six ordinary temp sensors, be convenient to monitor described high-pressure reactor internal temperature and pressure changing in real time, the tube wall that two dynamic pressure transducers are placed on the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with the firing tip of high-pressure reactor upper top combinationally uses and tests blast wave speed, another dynamic pressure transducer is placed at the bottom of the pipe of the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with firing tip and tests maximum explosion pressure; Test flame temperature on the tube wall that described dynamic temperature sensor is placed in the other end of the contrary high-pressure reactor of described high-pressure reactor firing tip; The tube wall that described six ordinary temp sensors are dispersed in high-pressure reactor carries out monitoring temperature to pipe surface temperature;
The body of described low-pressure reactor is provided with three bar shaped forms, described form adopts fluorine rubber sealing, be convenient to observe the response situation in described low-pressure reactor, one end of described low-pressure reactor is provided with pressure transducer, for detecting the situation of change of pressure in described low-pressure reactor, also be provided with six ordinary temp sensors in low-pressure reactor, be dispersed on low-pressure reactor tube wall and monitoring temperature is carried out to tube wall.
2. High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described material gas supply device comprises evaporating kettle, described evaporating kettle is configured with safety valve, for monitor the change of material pressure in described evaporating kettle tensimeter, for monitoring temperature sensor, the stirrer of temperature variation in described evaporating kettle.
3. High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: at the tail end of described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve are also housed, described rupture disk and described safety valve are used for when exceeding the maximum pressure that described high-pressure reactor and low-pressure reactor can bear, play the effect of pressure release, be furnished with lighter at the firing tip at the top of described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor, adopt high-voltage electric shock igniting, chemic ignition or fuse igniting.
4. High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the design temperature scope of described high-pressure reactor is normal temperature ~ 400 DEG C, design pressure scope is 0 ~ 22Mpa, the design temperature scope of described low-pressure reactor is normal temperature ~ 400 DEG C, and design pressure scope is 0 ~ 6Mpa.
5. a High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester, is characterized in that, comprising: material gas supply device, blast determinator, vacuum generating device and control device;
Described material gas supply device comprises evaporating kettle further, described evaporating kettle is configured with safety valve, for monitor the change of material pressure in described evaporating kettle tensimeter, for monitoring the temperature sensor of temperature variation in described evaporating kettle;
Described blast determinator comprises high-pressure reactor and low-pressure reactor further;
Described high-pressure reactor is provided with a dynamic temperature sensor, three dynamic pressure transducers and six ordinary temp sensors, be convenient to monitor described high-pressure reactor internal temperature and pressure changing in real time, the tube wall that two dynamic pressure transducers are placed on the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with the firing tip of high-pressure reactor upper top combinationally uses and tests blast wave speed, another dynamic pressure transducer is placed at the bottom of the pipe of the other end of the high-pressure reactor contrary with firing tip and tests maximum explosion pressure; Test flame temperature on the tube wall that described dynamic temperature sensor is placed in the other end of the contrary high-pressure reactor of described high-pressure reactor firing tip; The tube wall that described six ordinary temp sensors are dispersed in high-pressure reactor carries out monitoring temperature to pipe surface temperature;
At the tail end of described high-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve are housed;
Lighter is furnished with at the top firing tip of described high-pressure reactor;
The body of described low-pressure reactor is provided with three bar shaped forms, described form adopts fluorine rubber sealing;
One end of described low-pressure reactor is provided with pressure transducer, for detecting the situation of change of pressure in described low-pressure reactor, also be provided with six ordinary temp sensors in low-pressure reactor, be dispersed on low-pressure reactor tube wall and monitoring temperature is carried out to tube wall;
At the tail end of described low-pressure reactor, rupture disk and safety valve are housed;
Lighter is furnished with at the top firing tip of described low-pressure reactor;
Being connected by pipeline between described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor, pipeline arranges micrometering valve, by regulating described micrometering valve, making the steam supplied in described material gas supply device send in described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor;
Described vacuum generating device comprises vacuum pump and vacuum buffer tank, is vacuumized described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor by described vacuum pump;
Described control device is PLC control system, for measuring, controlling and collect the experimental data of the generation in experimentation.
6. High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester according to claim 5 carries out explosion limits method for measuring, it is characterized in that, comprising:
The first step, adopts nitrogen to purge described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor;
Second step, adopts described vacuum pump to vacuumize described high-pressure reactor and described low-pressure reactor;
3rd step, puts into liquid material through heating evaporation in evaporating kettle, obtains steam;
4th step, as required, when carry out explosion velocity, quick-fried temperature test time, choice for use high-pressure reactor, uses low-pressure reactor when carrying out the test of explosion limits, passes into the steam of proper ratio according to the material composition under working condition;
5th step, material passes into rear ON cycle blower fan, and mixing of materials is even, by igniter fire, record ignition conditions; After igniting, tail gas drains through tail gas discharging pipe, judges next step inventory of testing according to ignition conditions, repeats step one to step 4, till determining combustible vapor detonation velocity at high temperature under high pressure, blast temperature or explosion limits;
6th step, after reaction terminates, discharges the residue in described high-pressure reactor or low-pressure reactor.
7. the application of the High Temperature High Pressure explosion limits tester described in any one of claim 1 to 5 in petrochemical complex safety in production.
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