CN114858129B - Underwater topography change monitoring device and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an underwater topography change monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof, which relate to the technical field of topography distribution and change monitoring, wherein the underwater topography change monitoring device comprises: the platform base is symmetrically provided with two anchor weights connected with each other below the platform base; a measuring instrument; the winch is provided with a steel wire rope; the winch metering instrument is arranged corresponding to the winch; a water level sensor; an inclination sensor; a control system; the control system can control the winch to tighten and loosen the steel wire rope according to signal feedback of the inclination sensor and the water level sensor, so that the steel wire rope is mutually perpendicular to the platform base under the action of the anchor weight, the platform base is positioned right above the anchor weight, and the waterline position on the side face of the platform base is unchanged. The monitoring device of the application not only effectively reduces the influence of external environment and improves the accuracy and stability of data acquisition, but also can realize fixed-point long-term observation.

Description

An underwater terrain change monitoring device and its monitoring method

Technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of terrain distribution and change monitoring, and in particular to an underwater terrain change monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof.

Background technique

In recent years, due to the influence of human activities, environment, geology and other factors, most rivers, ports and sea mouths have experienced varying degrees of siltation or erosion. Among them, the main cause of siltation is exogenous sedimentation caused by reduced tidal volume and weakened tidal power. This sedimentation often causes the river bank to gradually become higher and expand into the main channel, and some beaches are higher and exposed. The water surface and narrowed cross-sectional area will not only affect the urban landscape and ecological environment, but also have a serious impact on river flooding and navigation. At the same time, the existence of erosion and siltation will lead to problems such as erosion of the embankment foot, damage to the embankment, and breaches, causing economic losses to the surrounding areas. It can be seen that monitoring the above-mentioned terrain changes is crucial.

At present, traditional underwater terrain monitoring technologies mainly include single-beam bathymetry system, multi-beam bathymetry system, marker pile method, SET (sedimentation-erosion level measurement) method, ALT US (composed of sensors, data storage, pressure sensors and Power supply and other main equipment), etc. However, in practical applications, both multi-beam and single-beam sounding systems are data measurement technologies in dynamic environments. Since the sounding system needs to be affected by wind and waves at all times along with the measuring ship, rolling and pitching will occur. and vertical fluctuations, making the entire operation process a random dynamic process; and due to the influence of water currents, the ship's navigation route is basically slightly different every time, which affects the accuracy of the data results of the sounding system. At the same time, multi-beam and single-beam sounding systems can only collect data at time intervals such as four months or before and after the flood season. The accuracy of the data is affected by many factors and cannot record long-term changes in the river bottom. The marker pile method, SET, and ALT US methods all require piling and setting up instruments, which can easily affect passing ships. Moreover, they can only be used near the shore and cannot collect data at deeper water depths, making the data collected not representative of the whole. sex. It can be seen that traditional underwater terrain monitoring technology is easily affected by external environmental factors (rough rolling, pitching and vertical fluctuations of wind and waves, as well as navigation routes), resulting in poor accuracy of monitoring data, and due to the navigation route It is difficult to obtain long-term monitoring data of fixed-point terrain changes due to the offset of different measurement positions.

Contents of the invention

In view of the technical problem of poor accuracy of monitoring data in traditional underwater terrain monitoring technology, which is easily affected by external environmental factors, the present invention provides an underwater terrain change monitoring device and a monitoring method, which can effectively avoid external environmental factors. It can improve the accuracy of monitoring data and realize long-term monitoring of fixed-point terrain changes.

In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

An underwater terrain change monitoring device, including:

Platform base, with two interconnected anchor weights symmetrically provided below the platform base;

A measuring instrument, the measuring instrument is located on the base of the platform, and the measuring instrument is used to measure vertical depth;

The winch is installed on the base of the platform. The winch is arranged corresponding to the anchor weight. The winch is provided with a steel wire rope. The steel wire is passed between the winch and the anchor weight. connect;

A winch measuring instrument, the winch measuring instrument is arranged corresponding to the winch, and the winch measuring instrument is used to record the rotation distance of the corresponding steel wire rope under the action of the winch;

A water level sensor, the water level sensor is located on the base of the platform;

An inclination sensor, the inclination sensor is used to detect the inclination change of the platform base relative to the horizontal plane;

A control system, the control system is respectively connected to the measuring instrument, the hoist, the water level sensor and the inclination sensor;

Among them, the control system can control the winch to tighten and loosen the wire rope based on the signal feedback from the inclination sensor and the water level sensor, so that the wire rope is perpendicular to the platform base under the action of the anchor weight, and the platform base is located directly in front of the anchor weight. above, and the waterline position on the side of the platform base remains unchanged.

In this application, a vessel is used to bring the underwater terrain change monitoring device to a preset location, and a suitable location is selected to throw two interconnected anchor weights so that the platform base is placed at the preset location. After the platform base is stabilized, the When the wire rope is in a relaxed state, the entire device floats with the water flow. Start the control system. When the inclination sensor detects that the platform base is shaking and tilting, the inclination sensor will trigger a signal and feedback the signal to the control system. At this time, the control system will analyze the tilt direction and angle based on the signal and control the hoist. A forward drive occurs and the corresponding wire rope is rolled, that is, the wire rope is tightened so that the wire rope connected to the anchor weight is perpendicular to the platform base. The platform base is forced to move directly above the anchor weight. At the same time, the winch measuring instrument Then record the rotation distance of the wire rope; because the force on the platform base is directly above the anchor weight, the force affects the entire platform base to draft downward and become deeper, that is, the distance between the platform base and the water surface changes. At this time, the water level sensor triggers a signal. And feedback to the control system, the control system controls the winch to reverse drive according to the signal and relaxes the wire rope. At this time, due to the reduction or disappearance of the force, the draft of the platform base rises and returns to the initial position. At the same time, the winch measuring instrument Then record the rotation distance of the wire rope, and control the measuring instrument to measure the depth in the water; in this cycle, the platform base can always be directly above the anchor weight and the draft remains unchanged, forming a dynamic balance system, allowing the measuring instrument and other instruments to When collecting data, it is always in a vertical and stable state and collects the required long-term vertical depth data. Then combined with the rotation distance of the wire rope recorded by the winch measuring instrument, the water bottom elevation value at that moment is calculated and compared with the data at all times. The changes in underwater terrain within continuous time t can be obtained. It can be seen that compared with traditional underwater terrain monitoring technology, the underwater terrain change monitoring device in this application constitutes a dynamic balance system, so that the measuring instruments and other instruments are always in a vertical and stable state when collecting data. It not only effectively reduces or reduces the influence of the external environment (such as wind, waves, tidal waves) and eliminates data differences caused by different ship routes, it also improves the accuracy and stability of data collection, and can achieve fixed-point long-term observation. It can completely record the changing process of underwater terrain over a period of time.

Optionally, a waterproof device is provided on the platform base, and the control system is located in the waterproof device.

Optionally, a power supply device is also included, and the power supply device is provided on the platform base.

Optionally, two anchor weights are located at both ends of the platform base.

Optionally, through holes are provided at both ends of the platform base.

Optionally, the water level sensor is located in the through hole.

Optionally, the platform base has a ship-shaped structure.

Optionally, the measuring instrument is located in the middle of the platform base.

Optionally, a warning light and a measurement flag are also included, both of which are located on the platform base.

At the same time, this application also provides an underwater terrain change monitoring method, which is implemented using the above-mentioned underwater terrain change monitoring device, including the following steps:

1) Throw the anchor weight and place the platform base at the preset location;

2) According to the signals of the inclination sensor and water level sensor, the control system controls the winch to retract and unwind the steel wire rope so that the platform base is vertical to the platform base under the action of the anchor weight, and the platform base is located directly above the anchor weight. , and the waterline position on the side of the platform base remains unchanged;

3) Obtain the rotation distance of the wire rope recorded by the winch measuring instrument and the vertical depth data of the measuring instrument. Based on the above data, the control system obtains the continuous water bottom surface elevation value within the continuous time t, and obtains the underwater terrain within the continuous time t through comparison. Changes.

Compared with the existing technology, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) An underwater terrain change monitoring device proposed in the embodiment of this application selects a suitable position and throws two interconnected anchor weights so that the platform base is placed at a preset location. After the platform base is stabilized, at this time, The wire rope is in a slack state and the entire device floats with the water flow. Start the control system. When the inclination sensor detects that the platform base is shaking and tilting, the inclination sensor will trigger a signal and feedback the signal to the control system. At this time, the control system will analyze the tilt direction and angle based on the signal and control the hoist. A forward drive occurs and the corresponding wire rope is rolled, that is, the wire rope is tightened so that the wire rope is perpendicular to the platform base under the action of the anchor weight. The platform base is forced to move directly above the anchor weight. At the same time, the winch The measuring instrument records the rotation distance of the wire rope; because the force on the platform base is directly above the anchor weight, the force affects the entire platform base to draw downward and become deeper, that is, the distance between the platform base and the water surface changes, and the water level sensor triggers at this time The signal is fed back to the control system. According to the signal, the control system controls the winch to reversely drive and relax the wire rope. At this time, due to the reduction or disappearance of the force, the draft of the platform base rises and returns to the initial position. At the same time, the winch The measuring instrument records the rotation distance of the steel wire rope and controls the measuring instrument to measure the depth in the water. In this cycle, the platform base can always be perpendicular to the steel wire rope below it, directly above the anchor weight and the draft remains unchanged, forming a dynamic balance. The system enables measuring instruments and other instruments to always be in a vertical and stable state when collecting data, and collects the required long-term vertical depth data, and then combines the rotation distance of the wire rope recorded by the winch measuring instrument to calculate the water bottom elevation at the corresponding moment. value, and compared with the data at all times, the changes in the underwater terrain during that time period can be obtained. It can be seen that compared with traditional underwater terrain monitoring technology, the underwater terrain change monitoring device in this application constitutes a dynamic balance system, so that the measuring instruments and other instruments are always in a vertical and stable state when collecting data. It not only effectively reduces or reduces the influence of the external environment (such as wind, waves, tidal waves) and eliminates data differences caused by different ship routes, it also improves the accuracy and stability of data collection, and can achieve fixed-point long-term observation. It can completely record the changing process of underwater terrain over a period of time.

(2) An underwater terrain change monitoring device proposed in the embodiment of this application can reduce the impact of rising and falling tides by arranging the platform base to have a ship-shaped structure, improve the stability of the platform base, and thereby reduce the impact of the platform base on the platform. The shaking of the instrument.

(3) An underwater terrain change monitoring device proposed in the embodiment of this application can alert passing ships by setting warning lights and measurement flags, thereby protecting the entire monitoring device.

(4) An underwater terrain change monitoring device proposed in the embodiment of this application. Two anchor weights are located at both ends of the platform base, which can ensure the stability of the platform base.

(5) An underwater terrain change monitoring device proposed in the embodiment of this application, by locating the measuring instrument at the middle position of the platform base, allows the measuring instrument to measure vertical depth data more stably and improves the quality of the data.

(6) An underwater terrain change monitoring method proposed in the embodiment of this application can not only effectively reduce or reduce the influence of the external environment (such as wind, waves, tidal waves) and eliminate the changes caused by different driving routes of ships. The data difference improves the accuracy and stability of data collection, enables long-term observation at fixed points, and can completely record the change process of underwater terrain in a period of time.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a side view of an underwater terrain change monitoring device proposed by an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a top view of an underwater terrain change monitoring device proposed by an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the use process of an underwater terrain change monitoring device proposed by an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a side view of an underwater terrain change monitoring device proposed by an embodiment of the present invention.

Implementation

In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the relevant invention, but not to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for convenience of description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings. The first, second and other words mentioned in the present invention are set up for the convenience of describing the technical solution of the present invention, and have no specific limiting effect. They are all generic and do not limit the technical solution of the present invention. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. The indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. It does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or a specific orientation. construction and operation, and therefore should not be construed as limitations of the invention. Furthermore, the terms “first”, “second” and “third” are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, It can also be an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

Example 1

With reference to Figures 1-4, this embodiment provides an underwater terrain change monitoring device, including: a platform base 1, with two interconnected anchor weights 2 symmetrically provided below the platform base 1; a measuring instrument 3, The measuring instrument 3 is arranged on the platform base 1, and the measuring instrument 3 is used to measure the vertical depth; the winch 4 is arranged on the platform base 1, and the winch 4 is connected to the anchor system. The weights 2 are arranged correspondingly, and the hoist 4 is provided with a steel wire rope 5. The hoist 4 and the anchor weight 2 are connected through the steel wire rope 5; a winch measuring instrument 6, and the winch measuring instrument 6 is connected to the anchorage weight 2. The winch 4 is set correspondingly, and the winch measuring instrument 6 is used to record the rotation distance of the corresponding steel wire rope 5 under the action of the winch 4; the water level sensor 7, the water level sensor 7 is arranged on the base of the platform; the inclination sensor 8, the The inclination sensor 8 is used to detect the inclination change of the platform base 1 relative to the horizontal plane; the control system is connected to the measuring instrument 3, the hoist 4, the water level sensor 7 and the inclination sensor 8 respectively;

Among them, the control system can control the winch 4 to tighten and loosen the wire rope 5 based on the signal feedback from the inclination sensor 8 and the water level sensor 7, so that the wire rope 5 is perpendicular to the platform base 1 under the action of the anchor weight 2, and the platform The base 1 is located directly above the anchor weight 2, and the waterline position on the side of the platform base 1 remains unchanged.

In this application, a vessel is used to bring the underwater terrain change monitoring device to a preset location, and a suitable location is selected to throw two interconnected anchor weights 2 so that the platform base 1 is placed at the preset location and the platform base 1 is stable Finally, as shown in Figure 3, at this time, the wire rope 5 is in a relaxed state, and the entire device floats with the water flow. Start the control system. When the inclination sensor 8 detects that the platform base 1 is shaking and tilting, the inclination sensor 8 will trigger a signal and feedback the signal to the control system. At this time, the control system will analyze its tilt direction and angle based on the signal. And control the winch 4 to drive forward, rolling the corresponding wire rope 5, that is, tightening the wire rope 5, so that the wire rope 5 is perpendicular to the platform base 1 under the action of the anchor weight 2, and the platform base 1 is forced to move to the anchor system Directly above the weight 2, at the same time, the winch measuring instrument 6 records the rotation distance of the wire rope 5; since the platform base 1 is stressed directly above the anchor weight 2, the force affects the entire platform base 1 to draft downward and become deeper. , that is, the distance between the platform base 1 and the water surface changes. At this time, the water level sensor 7 triggers a signal and feeds it back to the control system. Based on the signal, the control system controls the winch 4 to reverse drive and relax the wire rope 5. At this time, due to the reduction in force decreases or disappears, causing the draft of the platform base 1 to rise and return to the initial position. At the same time, the winch measuring instrument 6 records the rotation distance of the wire rope 5 and controls the measuring instrument 3 to measure the vertical depth in the water; in this cycle, the platform base 1 can always be perpendicular to the wire rope 5 below it, directly above the anchor weight 2 and the draft remains unchanged, forming a dynamic balance system, so that the measuring instrument 3 and other instruments are always in a vertical and stable state when collecting data, and collect all data. The required long-term vertical depth data is then combined with the rotation distance of the wire rope 5 recorded by the winch measuring instrument 6 to calculate the water bottom surface elevation value at that moment, and compare it with the data at all times to obtain the changes in the underwater terrain during that time period. Condition. It can be seen that compared with traditional underwater terrain monitoring technology, the underwater terrain change monitoring device in this application constitutes a dynamic balance system, so that the measuring instrument 3 and other instruments are always in a vertical and stable state when collecting data. , not only effectively reduces or reduces the influence of the external environment (such as wind, waves, tidal waves) and eliminates data differences caused by different ship travel routes, improves the accuracy and stability of data collection, and can achieve fixed-point long-term observation , which can completely record the changing process of underwater terrain over a period of time.

In actual use, the control system includes a first control system and a second control system. The first control system is connected to the hoist 4, the water level sensor 7 and the inclination sensor 8 respectively. The second control system is connected to the winch 4, the water level sensor 7 and the inclination angle sensor 8. The above measuring instruments are connected in 3 phases.

In actual application, the measuring instrument 3 can be replaced according to the needs. If the installation time is long and only a single point of data is needed, the measuring instrument 3 can choose an altimeter, a single-frequency depth sounder, etc.; if it is necessary to monitor the terrain changes in an area, the measuring instrument 3 3. Multi-beam depth sounder, side scan sonar, etc. can be installed.

In actual application, the inclination sensor 6 is located at the center of the platform base 1. This arrangement can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of the inclination sensor.

Example 2

With reference to Figures 1-2, the underwater terrain change monitoring device of this embodiment is compared with the technical solution of Embodiment 1. The platform base 1 is provided with a waterproof device 9, and the control system is located on the waterproof device. Within device 9, this setting is used to protect the control system.

Example 3

1-2, the underwater terrain change monitoring device of this embodiment, compared with the technical solution of Embodiment 1, also includes a power supply device 10, and the power supply device 10 is provided on the platform base 1. In actual use, the power supply device is a solar panel or a battery.

Example 4

1-2, the underwater terrain change monitoring device of this embodiment is compared with the technical solution of Embodiment 1. Two anchor weights 2 are located at both ends of the platform base 1 respectively. The two anchor weights 2 are connected through an anchor rope 13, and this arrangement can ensure the stability of the platform base 1.

Example 5

Referring to Figure 2, the underwater terrain change monitoring device of this embodiment is compared with the technical solution of Embodiment 4. Through holes 13 are provided at both ends of the platform base 1. The through hole 13 is used for the passage of the steel wire rope 5. One end of the steel wire rope 5 is fixed to the anchor weight 2, and the other end passes through the winch measuring instrument 6 and is fixed on the hoist 4. This arrangement can realize the weight of the anchor system. Stable connection between object 2, winch measuring instrument 6 and winch 4.

Example 6

Referring to FIG. 2 , in the underwater terrain change monitoring device of this embodiment, compared with the technical solution of Embodiment 5, the water level sensor is located in the through hole 13 .

Example 7

In the underwater terrain change monitoring device of this embodiment, compared with the technical solution of Embodiment 1, the platform base 1 has a ship-shaped structure. This arrangement can reduce the impact of rising and falling tides and improve the stability of the platform base. , thereby reducing the shaking of the instrument on the platform.

In actual use, the part of the platform base 1 close to the water surface is made of foam material, and the part of the platform base 1 far away from the water surface is made of steel material. This setting can ensure the floating of the platform base 1 on the water surface, while ensuring the structural strength of the platform base 1 and increasing its service life.

Example 8

Compared with the technical solution of Embodiment 1, the underwater terrain change monitoring device of this embodiment is located in the middle of the platform base 1 and penetrates the platform base 1 . This setting enables the measuring instrument 3 to measure vertical depth data more smoothly and improves the quality of the data.

Example 9

With reference to Figures 1-2, the underwater terrain change monitoring device of this embodiment, compared with the technical solution of Embodiment 1, also includes a warning light 11 and a measurement flag 12. The warning light 11 and the measurement flag 12 both Located on the platform base 1. Usually, foggy weather often occurs in rivers and seas, and visibility is low. By setting up warning lights 11 and measurement flags 12, the warning lights 11 are equipped with solar panels that can flash at intervals to remind passing ships, thereby protecting the entire monitoring device.

Example 10

An underwater terrain change monitoring method in this embodiment is implemented using the underwater terrain change monitoring device described in any one of the technical solutions of Embodiments 1-9, and includes the following steps:

1) Throw the anchor weight and place the platform base at the preset location;

2) According to the signals of the inclination sensor and water level sensor, the control system controls the winch to retract and unwind the steel wire rope so that the platform base is vertical to the platform base under the action of the anchor weight, and the platform base is located directly above the anchor weight. , and the waterline position on the side of the platform base remains unchanged;

3) Obtain the rotation distance of the wire rope recorded by the winch measuring instrument and the vertical depth data of the measuring instrument. Based on the above data, the control system obtains the continuous water bottom surface elevation value within the continuous time t, and obtains the underwater terrain within the continuous time t through comparison. Changes.

The monitoring method implemented by the monitoring device of this application can not only effectively reduce or reduce the influence of the external environment (such as wind, waves, tidal waves) and eliminate data differences caused by different ship routes, but also improve the accuracy of data collection. And stability, and can achieve fixed-point long-term observation, and can completely record the change process of underwater terrain in a period of time.

In actual application, in step 1), the anchor weight is set along the direction of the water flow and parallel to the direction of ebb and flow. This setting can make the platform base parallel to the direction of water flow, reduce the impact of rising and falling tides, and improve the stability of the platform base.

In actual application, the data obtained by the underwater terrain change monitoring device in this application are used to calculate sedimentation, as follows:

First, eliminate the situation of siltation or erosion. The platform base rises and falls with the rise and fall of the tide. The control system controls the winch to only move the platform base up and down through the steel wire rope. Taking the rising tide as an example, as shown in Figure 4, the rotation distances of the steel wire ropes at both ends are respectively Recorded as J ₁ and J ₂ ; at this time, the pay-out length of the steel wire rope is counted as J _i , J _i is (J ₁ + J ₂ )/2, J _i is the pay-out value of the steel wire rope, then the value is defined as a negative value, here When the tide rises, the reading value h _i of the tide rising measuring instrument becomes correspondingly larger. The two values J _i and h _i should be equal and opposite in positive and negative direction, so H ₁ =h _i +j _i , and this is true at every subsequent moment. . If it falls into the water, Ji is the income value of the wire rope, and this value is defined as a positive value. At this time, the reading value h _i of the measuring instrument will be relatively small.

When it is necessary to measure continuous measurement values within a continuous time t, first record the reading value of the measuring instrument at the starting time 1 (that is, the distance from the measuring instrument to the bottom of the water) H ₁ , and the winch measuring instrument records the movement (rotation) distance of the wire J _i =(J ₁ +J ₂ )/2, where i represents any time other than 1, such as 2.3.4....; at the same time, if X _i represents the amount of sedimentation or erosion at the bottom of the underwater terrain X _i , h _i is the degree of the measuring instrument at the subsequent moment i. At this moment, the moving distance of the steel wire recorded by the winch measuring instrument is J _i . Then the value at this moment relative to the initial stable moment 1 is H ₁ =h _i +j _i ;

If siltation or erosion does not occur at the bottom of the underwater terrain, H ₁ =h _i +j _i will always hold. If siltation or erosion occurs, H ₁ at this time is not equal to h _i +j _i , but H ₁ =h _i +j _i +X _i ; In this loop _, through the above method, each X value, 0, _... Changes in the monitored terrain within t.

The present invention and its embodiments are schematically described above. This description is not limiting. What is shown in the drawings is only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person of ordinary skill in the art is inspired by the invention and without departing from the spirit of the invention, can devise structural methods and embodiments similar to the technical solution without inventiveness, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the invention. .

Claims (9)

1. An underwater terrain change monitoring device, characterized by comprising: Platform base, with two interconnected anchor weights symmetrically provided below the platform base; A measuring instrument, the measuring instrument is located on the base of the platform, and the measuring instrument is used to measure vertical depth; The winch is installed on the base of the platform. The winch is arranged corresponding to the anchor weight. The winch is provided with a steel wire rope. The steel wire is passed between the winch and the anchor weight. connect; A winch measuring instrument, the winch measuring instrument is arranged corresponding to the winch, and the winch measuring instrument is used to record the rotation distance of the corresponding steel wire rope under the action of the winch; A water level sensor, wherein the water level sensor is arranged on the platform base; An inclination sensor, the inclination sensor is used to detect the inclination change of the platform base relative to the horizontal plane; A control system, the control system is respectively connected to the measuring instrument, the hoist, the water level sensor and the inclination sensor; Among them, the control system can control the winch to tighten and loosen the wire rope based on the signal feedback from the inclination sensor and the water level sensor, so that the wire rope is perpendicular to the platform base under the action of the anchor weight, and the platform base is located directly in front of the anchor weight. above, and the waterline position on the side of the platform base remains unchanged; two anchor weights are located at both ends of the platform base, and the two anchor weights are connected by anchor ropes. 2. The underwater terrain change monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that a waterproof device is provided on the platform base, and the control system is located in the waterproof device. 3. The underwater terrain change monitoring device according to claim 1, further comprising a power supply device, and the power supply device is provided on the platform base. 4. The underwater terrain change monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that through holes are provided at both ends of the platform base. 5. The underwater terrain change monitoring device according to claim 4, wherein the water level sensor is located in the through hole. 6. The underwater terrain change monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the platform base has a ship-shaped structure. 7. The underwater terrain change monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring instrument is located in the middle of the platform base. 8. The underwater terrain change monitoring device according to claim 1, further comprising a warning light and a measurement flag, both of which are located on the base of the platform. 9. An underwater terrain change monitoring method, characterized in that it is implemented by using the underwater terrain change monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and characterized in that it includes the following steps: 1) Throw the anchor weight and place the platform base at the preset location; the anchor weight is set along the direction of the water flow and parallel to the direction of ebb and flow; 2) According to the signals of the inclination sensor and water level sensor, the control system controls the winch to retract and unwind the steel wire rope so that the steel wire rope is perpendicular to the platform base under the action of the anchor weight, and the platform base is located directly above the anchor weight, and the platform base The position of the side waterline remains unchanged; 3) Obtain the rotation distance of the wire rope recorded by the winch measuring instrument and the vertical depth data of the measuring instrument. Based on the above data, the control system obtains the continuous water bottom surface elevation value within the continuous time t, and obtains the underwater terrain within the continuous time t through comparison. Changes; Using the data obtained by the underwater terrain change monitoring device to calculate sedimentation includes the following steps: First of all, the situation of siltation or erosion is eliminated. The platform base rises and falls with the rise and fall of the tide. The control system controls the winch to make the platform base only move up and down through the wire rope; When the tide rises, the rotation distance of the steel wire rope at both ends is recorded as J1 and J2 respectively, and the moving distance of the steel wire rope is recorded as Ji, Ji is (J1+J2)/2; when the tide rises, the steel wire rope is released, Ji is a negative value, and the measuring instrument The reading value hi is relatively large, and the two values Ji and hi are positive and negative. Therefore, the distance from the measuring instrument to the bottom of the water at the beginning of time 1 is H1=hi+Ji, and this is true at every subsequent moment; when the tide falls, the wire rope is the income, i is a positive value, at this time, the reading value hi of the measuring instrument should be relatively smaller; When it is necessary to measure continuous measurement values within a continuous time t, first record the distance H1 from the measuring instrument to the bottom of the water at the starting time 1, and the winch measuring instrument records the moving distance of the wire rope Ji = (J1 + J2 )/2, where i represents Any time other than the starting time 1; at the same time, Xi represents the amount of siltation or erosion at the bottom of the underwater terrain, hi is the reading value of the measuring instrument at the subsequent time i, and the moving distance of the wire rope recorded by the winch measuring instrument at this moment is Ji, then The value at this time relative to the starting time 1 satisfies H1=hi+Ji; If there is no siltation or erosion at the bottom of the underwater terrain, H1=hi+Ji will always hold. If siltation or erosion occurs, H1 at that moment does not satisfy the formula H1=hi+Ji, but satisfies H1=hi+Ji+Xi; with In this loop, through the above formula, each Xi value of the fixed interval time within the continuous time t is obtained relative to the value of the starting time 1, thereby obtaining the changes in the monitored terrain during the continuous time t.